CN105130001A - Method for establishing nature-simulated ecological farmland - Google Patents
Method for establishing nature-simulated ecological farmland Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105130001A CN105130001A CN201510593877.0A CN201510593877A CN105130001A CN 105130001 A CN105130001 A CN 105130001A CN 201510593877 A CN201510593877 A CN 201510593877A CN 105130001 A CN105130001 A CN 105130001A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- farmland
- plant
- ditches
- irrigation canals
- ecological
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for establishing nature-simulated ecological farmland. According to the method, the farmland, trenches, a tractor-ploughing road, farmland buffer zones and a buffer purification pool are established; on the basis of a farmland production function, a farmland ecological function is further exerted, the farmland is utilized for consumption and sinks of environmental nitrogen and phosphorus; through soil carbon sinks on the farmland and biodiversity, non-point source pollution to the farmland is controlled. Through adoption of the method, the functions of the farmland, farmland ridges, the trenches, the tractor-ploughing road and the buffer purification pool in a whole compound system are optimized; the farmland biodiversity is improved, and a farmland planting and breeding compound function and a pollution source control function are extended; farmland ridge buffering, beautifying and economic functions are added, and the non-point source pollution self-purification capability of the farmland is enhanced; the trenches are hardened through ecologicalization, and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients can be recycled; interception and purification of the non-point source pollution to the farmland are regulated and controlled; an ecological corridor is established, farmland landscapes are beautified, and the ecological value of the farmland is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture environmental protection field, particularly one intends natural ecological farm field construction process.
Background technology
In China's surface water pollution thing, pollution of area source accounts for very large proportion, and the nitrogen in lake more than 50% and the phosphorus of more than 30% come from widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.(Feng Guolu, Yang Renbin. nitrogen phosphorus behavioral characteristics and Emission Reduction Potential in paddy field water either under Different Cultivated Model. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011,31 (15): 4236) current, the pollution of area source of farmland rice field-upland field rotation pattern formation is on the rise, nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer drops into excessive, floods and droughts, and to replace the farmland ecosystem that phase water management is extensive, water and nutrient cyclic utilization rate is low, single pattern of farming brings fragile, causes agricultural ecological self-purification function degeneration etc.
Farmland ditch, as the tie of between farmland and downstream receiving water body, can pass through a series of effects such as adsorption by soil, plant absorption, biological degradation, reduces the content of nitrogen and phosphorous entered in receiving water body.(ditch wetland retaining and removing effect agricultural non-point pollution thing. Nanjing: Hohai University Ph.D. Dissertation .2004.) therefore, the function that farmland ditch as one of middle tone control means retains purification area source pollutants is day by day remarkable, the ecological purification effect of irrigation canals and ditches of hardening then reduces greatly, for the problems referred to above, fertilizer-crop-soil-moisture elemental in cropping system, so that " nitrogen phosphorus subtracts source, farmland increases converges " be guiding theory, build and intend natural ecological farm field composite system ecological farm field, enrich Agricultural biodiversity, promote agricultural non-point pollution self-purification capacity, ecology sclerosis irrigation canals and ditches, beautify Farmland Landscape, strengthen agricultural ecological and be worth the development trend that will be following ecological farm field.
Summary of the invention
For above technical problem, the present invention has designed and developed a kind of construction process intending natural ecological farm field, this technology suits measures to local conditions to utilize existing farmland layout, optimize " field-ridge-ditch-Lu-pool " effect in whole composite system, enrich Agricultural biodiversity, lifting agricultural non-point pollution self-purification capacity, ecology sclerosis irrigation canals and ditches, beautify Farmland Landscape, enhancing agricultural ecological is worth very useful, tool is of great significance and wide market application foreground.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of intend natural ecological farm field construction process, comprise the structure on farmland, irrigation canals and ditches, wide paths for tractors in the countryside, farmland buffer strip and the buffer purge pool, concrete steps are:
1) farmland is built:
Carry out crop rotation, intercropping, interplanting measure, the rational application of fertilizer, carries out the fertilising of farm crop set meal based on local corps nutrient demand rule, soil fertility fertilizer properties, fertilizer properties; Construct agricultural land soil carbon dam, and in conjunction with the purification function of cultural technique measure strengthening in paddy field to nitrogen phosphorus, set up the farmland production system being conducive to reducing agricultural non-point pollution load;
2) ridge is built:
Ridge builds ridge buffer strip, the width of traditional ridge is extended to 30-50cm, ridge buffer strip is planted ridge beans, green manure and herds straw or like vegetable, supporting Dry Farmland two class according to rice field-upland field rotation farmland and rain carries out ridge buffer strip tree species collocation simultaneously;
3) the buffer purge pool is built:
Build the buffer purge pool in the hypomere part being positioned at trunk irrigation canals and ditches ridge buffer strip, the buffer purge pool is formed by the stronger waterplant emergent of adsorptivity and floating plant, gac, rubble silt, bed mud, and is gathered in waterplant in good time;
4) irrigation canals and ditches are built:
Ecology transformation is carried out to Ordinary hardening irrigation canals and ditches, installs floating plate or washboard additional, build floating ecological ditch or the ecological ditch of retaining wall, strengthen farmland tail water process; Dry point and gate are set at irrigation canals and ditches, the change of periodic monitoring water quality, regulate ditch median water level, keep good water cycle function;
5) wide paths for tractors in the countryside is built:
Build ecology corridor in the both sides of wide paths for tractors in the countryside or one side, determine floristics, population structure, spacing in the rows, bandwidth, the belt distance parameter of ecology corridor according to different regions; Arbor, shrub, draft are combined plantation, realizes species diversity, take into account nitrogen phosphorus enriching plant and view economical effectiveness combines.
Further, as preferably, the 1st) in step, described agricultural land soil carbon dam of constructing comprises and constructs table Tu Tanba and subsoil carbon dam, and table Tu Tanba is positioned at field inside, and be vertically set in 0-30cm topsoil, its long side direction is vertical with field water (flow) direction; Subsoil carbon dam is positioned at 50cm place, field underground, is placed between two native carbon dams of table.
Further, as preferably, the 2nd) in step, waterlogging-tolerant variety is selected in the farmland plant configuration in rice field-upland field rotation district, and rain is supported Dryland and selected drought-enduring plant variety; Draft economic plants band is gathered in the crops after carrying out per season maturation, and then carries out new round sowing, and meanwhile, need point late autumn and spring two to plant and implement in season, large spring selects heat-resisting crop species and kind, selects cold-resistant crop kind and kind late autumn.
Further, as preferably, the 4th) in the structure of step irrigation canals and ditches, adopt floating ecological ditch and the ecological ditch alternative expression of retaining wall to build.
Further, as preferably, the 4th) in the structure of step irrigation canals and ditches, arrange aerating apparatus at the upstream end of irrigation canals and ditches floating plate or washboard, aerating apparatus is arranged in the trench apart from floating ecological ditch and ecological, 100 meters, ditch upstream of retaining wall.
Further, as preferably, the 4th) in the structure of step irrigation canals and ditches, canal wall plantation emergent, absorption farmland tail water pollutent, beautifies Farmland Landscape; Kind planting submerged plant at the bottom of canal, interception slows down flow velocity, increases the farmland tail water pollutant purification time; Floating plate component mainly plants floating plant and emergent, and absorption farmland tail water pollutent, beautifies Farmland Landscape; Interception slows down flow velocity, and increase the farmland tail water pollutant purification time, after aquatic plant harvesting, edible-type plant can be cooked animal feed, and non-edible-type plant can be cooked farmland covering material.
Further, as preferably, the 4th) plant emergent I in matrix in step between washboard and both sides canal wall and arrange in pairs or groups for cattail and Scirpus tabernaemontani and plant, planting planting submerged plant in matrix between washboard and trench bottom is waterweed, the floating plant planted in implantation hole on floating plate is Herba azollae imbricatae, and emergent II is Canna generalis Bailey.
Further, as preferably, the 4th) in step, the floating plate of irrigation canals and ditches or be filled with matrix between washboard and furrow bank, described matrix is made up of slag and haydite, and matrix upper strata is for ease of the haydite of microorganism adsorption, and lower floor is the slag stronger to nitrogen phosphorus receptivity.
Further, as preferably, the 4th) in step, the haydite layer of matrix and the height of slag layer are than being 1:4-1:5, and the particle diameter of haydite is 60-100mm, and the particle diameter of slag is 30-40mm.
Further, as preferably, the 5th) in the structure of step wide paths for tractors in the countryside, floristics, population structure, spacing in the rows, bandwidth, the belt distance parameter of ecology corridor is determined: arbor spacing is generally 1.5-2m according to different regions, to arrange in pairs or groups between two arbors shrub, to sow grassed area in shrub, straw cord width is 0.5-1m, and the width according to wide paths for tractors in the countryside is determined; Arbor, shrub, draft are combined plantation.
beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention, on the basis of farmland production function, plays the ecological functions in farmland further, using the dissolve remittance of farmland as environment nitrogen, phosphorus, utilizes the remittance of agricultural land soil carbon, species diversity control agricultural non-point pollution.Optimize " field-ridge-ditch-Lu-pool " effect in whole composite system, enrich Agricultural biodiversity, expand the controlling functions in the compound function of farmland breeding and pollution source, increase that ridge cushions, beautifies, Economic Function, lifting agricultural non-point pollution self-purification capacity, ecology sclerosis irrigation canals and ditches, realize the recycle of nitrogen phosphorus nutrient, regulation and control the retaining of agricultural non-point pollution, to purify, build ecology corridor, beautify Farmland Landscape, strengthen agricultural ecological and be worth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a kind of ecological farm field constructing technology schema intending natural ecological farm field composite system;
In figure, 1-ecology corridor; 2-wide paths for tractors in the countryside; The 3-ditch ridge; 4-farmland buffer strip; 5-intake; 6-gate; The ecological ditch of 7-retaining wall; The floating ecological ditch of 8-; The 9-buffer purge pool; 10-farmland; 11-water (flow) direction; 12-shows Tu Tanba, 13-subsoil carbon dam, 14-aerating apparatus.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention and accompanying drawing, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
embodiment 1
As preferably, a kind ofly intend natural ecological farm field construction process, can to the treatment process of catchment area area source pollutants on square kilometre yardstick (for Yunnan A ground farmland sclerosis irrigation canals and ditches), it comprises the following steps:
Step 1: build farmland
Carry out paddy rice-garlic crop rotation, according to the habits fertilization amount of paddy rice, garlic, garlic season increases Rate of Organic Fertilizer, substitutes the fertile usage quantity of simple substance with novel sustained release fertilizer; Rice season is not executed or Shaoshi chemical fertilizer as far as possible, increases Rate of Organic Fertilizer, expands the compound function in farmland, carries out the strengthening of paddy field aquaculture technical measures in time, build duck canopy, put into newly-hatched duckling etc. after rice season is turned green.
Step 2: build ridge
The plantation of farmland buffer strip, carries out the plantation of ridge and farmland buffer strip in time after rice season has been planted, the plantation of ridge beans, alfalfa, rye grass etc.; Rice season carries out the plantation of ridge beans, alfalfa; Carry out the plantation of rye grass garlic season.
Step 3: build the buffer purge pool
Purifying pond length and width are respectively 10m, and in filling, rubble silt, gac (other high-effective cleansing filler) repave last layer silt; Purifying pond mainly plants emergent wild rice stem, Rhizome of Grass leaf Sweelflag, reed and floating plant water lily.
Step 4: build irrigation canals and ditches:
In Rice Cropping season (May) the front transformation completing sclerosis trunk irrigation canals and ditches and purifying pond.The wide 1m of the upper and lower mouth of trunk irrigation canals and ditches, is fixed on ecological ditch both sides and bottom by washboard support, and trench bottom is 0.4m, and one-sided washboard is 0.25m to furrow bank distance, the wide 0.8m of floating plate.Install at key position and regulating level is set, slow down the door lock 6 of flow velocity.
Floating ecological ditch mainly plants Canna generalis Bailey, iris and water lily, water lettuce, and the ecological ditch furrow bank of retaining wall mainly plants Herba Houttuyniae, bottom of trench plantation edible seaweed; The harvesting of waterplant and utilization.Carry out periodical reaping to growing plants in ecological ditch, Canna generalis Bailey, iris were gathered in the crops respectively in August and November, and during results, the height for the stubble left is more than 0.2m, in case crop is drowned.Swim crop water lily, water lettuce in cleaning preservation in November, waits for that next year germinates.The emergent (Herba Houttuyniae, Wildcelery Herb, mater convolvulus, lotus rhizome, arrowhead) of retaining wall ditch, submerged plant (waterweed, edible seaweed) can according to circumstances eat or do feed at irrigation canals and ditches epimere and feed livestock.Purifying pond is mainly planted emergent (wild rice stem, Rhizome of Grass leaf Sweelflag, reed) wild rice stem and is gathered in June, and Rhizome of Grass leaf Sweelflag, reed can make covering material or fertilizer in November after harvesting.
Ditch pool desilting: carry out ecological ditch and purifying pond desilting in November after aquatic plant harvesting, carry out piecemeal from top to bottom, again will plant waterplant after desilting, results of waiting for the coming year.
Step 5: the structure of ecology corridor.Ecology corridor have selected the collocation plantation of willow, mulberry tree and red butch clover.Willow, mulberry tree spacing in the rows 1.5m, the red butch clover of drilling under willow, mulberry tree.
The natural ecological farm field construction process of the plan provided by the present embodiment, can effectively runoff nitrogen phosphorus discharge in Interception engineering demonstration area at whole rice season (May 10 is to November).The full nitrogen stock of demonstration area 0-20cm topsoil soils of the present invention is 4896kg/hm
2, total Phosphorus In Soil reserves are 1768kg/hm
2; Reducing agricultural run-off TN number of dropouts is 38kg/hm
2, TP number of dropouts is 12kg/hm
2, the total nitrogen 34kg/hm of rice field runoff discharge in irrigation canals and ditches abatement demonstration area
2, total phosphorus 26kg/hm
2, reach 56%, 62% respectively to the mean concns abatement rate of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, compared with local recommended fertilizer, wetland rice field can be reduced by 26.7% nitrogenous fertilizer and be dropped into, and 28.6% phosphate fertilizer drops into, and on output without impact.
embodiment 2
As preferably, a kind ofly intend natural ecological farm field construction process, can to the treatment process of catchment area area source pollutants on square kilometre yardstick (for Yunnan B ground farmland sclerosis irrigation canals and ditches), it comprises the following steps:
Step 1: build farmland
Carry out paddy rice-garlic crop rotation, according to the habits fertilization amount of paddy rice, garlic, garlic season increases Rate of Organic Fertilizer, substitutes the fertile usage quantity of simple substance with novel sustained release fertilizer; Rice season is not executed or Shaoshi chemical fertilizer as far as possible, increases Rate of Organic Fertilizer.Construct agricultural land soil " carbon dam "; Expand the compound function in farmland, after rice season is turned green, carry out the strengthening of paddy field aquaculture technical measures in time, build duck canopy, put into newly-hatched duckling etc.
Comprise and construct table Tu Tanba and subsoil carbon dam constructing agricultural land soil carbon dam, table Tu Tanba is positioned at field inside, and be vertically set in 0-30cm topsoil, its long side direction is vertical with field water (flow) direction; Subsoil carbon dam is positioned at 50cm place, field underground, is placed between two native carbon dams of table.The carbon dam material in carbon dam is utilized first the carbon element in farmland to be absorbed fixing, then As time goes on, carbon material absorbs close to saturated, the nitrogen phosphoric absorbed also discharges, at this moment, nitrogen phosphorus enriching plant is utilized to realize the regeneration of carbon dam material, the nitrogen phosphoric discharged is supplied to needed for plant-growth just, be conducive to the growth of plant, water outlet in farmland, in farmland, the bottom of longitudinal direction and farmland soil layer is provided with carbon dam, comprehensively the nitrogen phosphoric in farmland can first be absorbed rear release, the growth in effective promotion plant later stage, simultaneously can also the be lasting element in soil be regulated, reduce the use of agrochemical, protection microbial environment, soil protection structure.
Step 2: the plantation of farmland buffer strip.
The plantation of ridge and farmland buffer strip is carried out in time, the plantation of ridge beans, alfalfa, rye grass etc. after rice season has been planted; Rice season carries out the plantation of ridge beans, alfalfa; Carry out the plantation of rye grass garlic season.
Waterlogging-tolerant variety is selected in the farmland plant configuration in rice field-upland field rotation district, and rain is supported Dryland and selected drought-enduring plant variety; Draft economic plants band is gathered in the crops after carrying out per season maturation, and then carries out new round sowing, and meanwhile, need point late autumn and spring two to plant and implement in season, large spring selects heat-resisting crop species and kind, selects cold-resistant crop kind and kind late autumn.
Step 3: build the buffer purge pool.
Purifying pond length and width are respectively 10m, and in filling, rubble silt, gac (other high-effective cleansing filler) repave last layer silt; Purifying pond mainly plants emergent wild rice stem, Rhizome of Grass leaf Sweelflag, reed and floating plant water lily.Purifying pond is mainly planted emergent (wild rice stem, Rhizome of Grass leaf Sweelflag, reed) wild rice stem and is gathered in June, and Rhizome of Grass leaf Sweelflag, reed can make covering material or fertilizer in November after harvesting; Carry out purifying pond desilting in November after aquatic plant harvesting, carry out piecemeal from top to bottom, after desilting, again will plant waterplant, results of waiting for the coming year.
Step 4: build irrigation canals and ditches.
In Rice Cropping season (May) the front transformation completing sclerosis trunk irrigation canals and ditches and purifying pond.The wide 1m of the upper and lower mouth of trunk irrigation canals and ditches, is fixed on ecological ditch both sides and bottom by washboard support, and trench bottom is 0.4m, and one-sided washboard is 0.25m to furrow bank distance.The wide 0.8m of floating plate, installs gate 6 at key position (regulate water level, slow down flow velocity).
At the upstream end of irrigation canals and ditches floating plate or washboard, aerating apparatus 14 is set, aerating apparatus 14 arranges in the trench apart from floating ecological ditch and ecological, 100 meters, ditch upstream of retaining wall, oxygen in air is forced the process shifted in liquid, increase oxygen in water, prevent pond inner suspension body from sinking, strengthen the object that in pond, organism contacts with dissolved oxygen with microorganism.Thus ensure that microorganism is under the condition having sufficient dissolved oxygen, to oxygenolysis organic in sewage.
When building irrigation canals and ditches, the mode that floating ecological ditch and the ecological ditch alternative expression of retaining wall can be adopted to build, realizes composite purification; The floating plate of irrigation canals and ditches or be filled with matrix between washboard and furrow bank, described matrix is made up of slag and haydite, and matrix upper strata is for ease of the haydite of microorganism adsorption, and lower floor is the slag stronger to nitrogen phosphorus receptivity; The haydite layer of matrix and the height of slag layer are than being 1:4-1:5, and the particle diameter of haydite is 60 ~ 100mm, and the particle diameter of slag is 30-40mm; The floating plate of irrigation canals and ditches or be filled with matrix between washboard and furrow bank, matrix is made up of slag and haydite, and matrix upper strata is for ease of the haydite of microorganism adsorption, and lower floor is the slag stronger to nitrogen phosphorus receptivity.Matrix adopts slag and haydite layering to form, because the receptivity of slag to nitrogen phosphorus is stronger, active adsorption can carried out the nitrogen phosphorus in irrigation canals and ditches and fixing, and matrix upper strata adopts the haydite being convenient to microorganism adsorption, can adsorb the microbial colonization that the waterplant root system of plantation is created, prevent that current in irrigation canals and ditches are too fast to be washed away microorganism.Keep the stability of microbial colonization, make microbial colonization while fixing, the microorganism that haydite adsorbs, the nitrogen phosphorus fixing to slag carries out trans-utilization, forms vertical nutrition channel, for the waterplant being planted in matrix provides nutritive element, promote the growth of waterplant, meanwhile, improve again the regeneration promoting slag adsorptive power, improve purification efficiency.
Plant emergent I in matrix between washboard and both sides canal wall to arrange in pairs or groups for cattail and Scirpus tabernaemontani and plant, Cattail Plant well developed root system, arrange in pairs or groups with Scirpus tabernaemontani and be conducive to purifying water, the heavy metal of cattail energy resisting high-concentration and it is adaptable, growth is fast, accumulation ability is strong, effectively can purify the pollution substance such as phosphorus, nitrogen, CODcr, BODS, total suspended matter in the tail water of farmland;
Planting planting submerged plant in matrix between washboard and trench bottom is waterweed, waterweed not only can release a large amount of oxygen in photosynthetic process, a large amount of harmful ammonia-state nitrogen, carbonic acid gas and some the organic decomposition thing that also constantly produce in Absorbable rod water, pH value can be stablized, make water quality keep neutral meta-alkali, increase the transparency of water body; The floating plant planted in implantation hole on floating plate is Herba azollae imbricatae, Herba azollae imbricatae can reduce water body salinity, adjustment water pH value, the effect of purifying water body and enrichment potassium element, Herba azollae imbricatae is not only high-quality green manure and fish, poultry forage grass, still can to the strong adsorption effect of the heavy metal ion such as Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn and the volatilization to Se element; Emergent II is Canna generalis Bailey, and Canna generalis Bailey can not only beautify the life of people, and again can sulfur dioxide absorption, hydrogenchloride, and the objectionable impurities such as carbonic acid gas.
The harvesting of waterplant and utilization.Carry out periodical reaping to growing plants in ecological ditch, Canna generalis Bailey, iris were gathered in the crops respectively in August and November, and during results, the height for the stubble left is more than 0.2m, in case crop is drowned.。The very water waterweed of retaining wall ditch can according to circumstances eat or do feed at irrigation canals and ditches epimere and feed livestock.The desilting of the ditch pool.Carry out ecological ditch desilting in November after aquatic plant harvesting, carry out piecemeal from top to bottom, after desilting, again will plant waterplant, results of waiting for the coming year.
Step 5: the structure of ecology corridor.
Ecology corridor have selected the collocation plantation of willow, mulberry tree and red butch clover; Willow, mulberry tree spacing in the rows 1.5m, the red butch clover of drilling under willow, mulberry tree.
The natural ecological farm field construction process of the plan provided by the present embodiment, can effectively runoff nitrogen phosphorus discharge in Interception engineering demonstration area at whole rice season (May 10 is to November).The full nitrogen stock of demonstration area 0-20cm topsoil soils of the present invention is 5386kg/hm
2, total Phosphorus In Soil reserves are 1945kg/hm
2; Reduce agricultural run-off TN number of dropouts 35kg/hm
2, TP number of dropouts 11kg/hm
2, the total nitrogen 40kg/hm of rice field runoff discharge in irrigation canals and ditches abatement demonstration area
2, total phosphorus 29kg/hm
2, reach 65%, 70% respectively to the mean concns abatement rate of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, compared with local recommended fertilizer, wetland rice field can be reduced by 30% nitrogenous fertilizer and be dropped into, and 32% phosphate fertilizer drops into, and on output without impact.
The present invention, on the basis of farmland production function, plays the ecological functions in farmland further, using the dissolve remittance of farmland as environment nitrogen, phosphorus, utilizes the remittance of agricultural land soil carbon, species diversity control agricultural non-point pollution.Optimize " field-ridge-ditch-Lu-pool " effect in whole composite system, enrich Agricultural biodiversity, expand the controlling functions in the compound function of farmland breeding and pollution source, increase that ridge cushions, beautifies, Economic Function, lifting agricultural non-point pollution self-purification capacity, ecology sclerosis irrigation canals and ditches, realize the recycle of nitrogen phosphorus nutrient, regulation and control the retaining of agricultural non-point pollution, to purify, build ecology corridor, beautify Farmland Landscape, strengthen agricultural ecological and be worth.
Finally, above embodiment and accompanying drawing are only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by above-described embodiment to invention has been detailed description, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, various change can be made to it in the form and details, and not depart from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (10)
1. intend a natural ecological farm field construction process, it is characterized in that, comprise the structure on farmland, irrigation canals and ditches, wide paths for tractors in the countryside, farmland buffer strip and the buffer purge pool, concrete steps are:
1) farmland is built:
Carry out crop rotation, intercropping, interplanting measure, the rational application of fertilizer, carries out the fertilising of farm crop set meal based on local corps nutrient demand rule, soil fertility fertilizer properties, fertilizer properties; Construct agricultural land soil carbon dam, and in conjunction with the purification function of cultural technique measure strengthening in paddy field to nitrogen phosphorus, set up the farmland production system being conducive to reducing agricultural non-point pollution load;
2) ridge is built:
Ridge builds ridge buffer strip, the width of traditional ridge is extended to 30-50cm, ridge buffer strip is planted ridge beans, green manure and herds straw or like vegetable, supporting Dry Farmland two class according to rice field-upland field rotation farmland and rain carries out ridge buffer strip tree species collocation simultaneously;
3) the buffer purge pool is built:
Build the buffer purge pool in the hypomere part being positioned at trunk irrigation canals and ditches ridge buffer strip, the buffer purge pool is formed by the stronger waterplant emergent of adsorptivity and floating plant, gac, rubble silt, bed mud, and is gathered in waterplant in good time;
4) irrigation canals and ditches are built:
Build irrigation canals and ditches, ecology transformation is carried out to Ordinary hardening irrigation canals and ditches, install floating plate or washboard additional to build floating ecological ditch or the ecological ditch of retaining wall, strengthen farmland tail water process; Dry point and gate are set at irrigation canals and ditches, the change of periodic monitoring water quality, regulate ditch median water level, keep good water cycle function; At the upstream end of irrigation canals and ditches floating plate or washboard, aerating apparatus is set;
5) wide paths for tractors in the countryside is built:
Build ecology corridor in the both sides of wide paths for tractors in the countryside or one side, determine floristics, population structure, spacing in the rows, bandwidth, the belt distance parameter of ecology corridor according to different regions; Arbor, shrub, draft are combined plantation, realizes species diversity, take into account nitrogen phosphorus enriching plant and view economical effectiveness combines.
2. one according to claim 1 intends natural ecological farm field construction process, it is characterized in that:
The 1st) in step, described agricultural land soil carbon dam of constructing comprises and constructs table Tu Tanba and subsoil carbon dam, and table Tu Tanba is positioned at field inside, and be vertically set in 0-30cm topsoil, its long side direction is vertical with field water (flow) direction; Subsoil carbon dam is positioned at 50cm place, field underground, is placed between two native carbon dams of table.
3. one according to claim 1 intends natural ecological farm field construction process, it is characterized in that: the 2nd) in step, waterlogging-tolerant variety is selected in the farmland plant configuration in rice field-upland field rotation district, and rain is supported Dryland and selected drought-enduring plant variety; Draft economic plants band is gathered in the crops after carrying out per season maturation, and then carries out new round sowing, and meanwhile, need point late autumn and spring two to plant and implement in season, large spring selects heat-resisting crop species and kind, selects cold-resistant crop kind and kind late autumn.
4. one according to claim 1 intends natural ecological farm field construction process, it is characterized in that: the 4th) in the structure of step irrigation canals and ditches, adopt floating ecological ditch and the ecological ditch alternative expression of retaining wall to build.
5. one according to claim 1 intends natural ecological farm field construction process, it is characterized in that: the 4th) in the structure of step irrigation canals and ditches, aerating apparatus is arranged in the trench apart from floating ecological ditch and ecological, 100 meters, ditch upstream of retaining wall.
6. one according to claim 1 intends natural ecological farm field construction process, it is characterized in that: the 4th) in the structure of step irrigation canals and ditches, canal wall plantation emergent, absorption farmland tail water pollutent, beautifies Farmland Landscape; Kind planting submerged plant at the bottom of canal, interception slows down flow velocity, increases the farmland tail water pollutant purification time; Floating plate component mainly plants floating plant and emergent, and absorption farmland tail water pollutent, beautifies Farmland Landscape; Interception slows down flow velocity, and increase the farmland tail water pollutant purification time, after aquatic plant harvesting, edible-type plant can be cooked animal feed, and non-edible-type plant can be cooked farmland covering material.
7. intend natural ecological farm field construction process according to one according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the 4th) plant emergent I in matrix in step between washboard and both sides canal wall and arrange in pairs or groups for cattail and Scirpus tabernaemontani and plant, planting planting submerged plant in matrix between washboard and trench bottom is waterweed, the floating plant planted in implantation hole on floating plate is Herba azollae imbricatae, and emergent II is Canna generalis Bailey.
8. one according to claim 5 intends natural ecological farm field construction process, it is characterized in that:
The 4th) in step, the floating plate of irrigation canals and ditches or be filled with matrix between washboard and furrow bank, described matrix is made up of slag and haydite, and matrix upper strata is for ease of the haydite of microorganism adsorption, and lower floor is the slag stronger to nitrogen phosphorus receptivity.
9. one according to claim 7 intends natural ecological farm field construction process, it is characterized in that:
The 4th) in step, the haydite layer of matrix and the height of slag layer are than being 1:4-1:5, and the particle diameter of haydite is 60-100mm, and the particle diameter of slag is 30-40mm.
10. one according to claim 1 intends natural ecological farm field construction process, it is characterized in that: the 5th) in the structure of step wide paths for tractors in the countryside, floristics, population structure, spacing in the rows, bandwidth, the belt distance parameter of ecology corridor is determined: arbor spacing is generally 1.5-2m according to different regions, to arrange in pairs or groups between two arbors shrub, to sow grassed area in shrub, straw cord width is 0.5-1m, and the width according to wide paths for tractors in the countryside is determined; Arbor, shrub, draft are combined plantation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510593877.0A CN105130001B (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2015-09-18 | Method for establishing nature-simulated ecological farmland |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510593877.0A CN105130001B (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2015-09-18 | Method for establishing nature-simulated ecological farmland |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105130001A true CN105130001A (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| CN105130001B CN105130001B (en) | 2017-03-22 |
Family
ID=54715660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510593877.0A Expired - Fee Related CN105130001B (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2015-09-18 | Method for establishing nature-simulated ecological farmland |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105130001B (en) |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105900634A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 淮安市苏泽生态农业有限公司 | Ecologically sustainable organic wheat planting method |
| CN106034440A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所 | Method for building plough layer of paddy field |
| CN106638512A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-05-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Plain river-net area farmland non-point source pollution whole-process ecological control network system and construction method thereof |
| CN106665229A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-17 | 湖南农业大学 | High intensity duck breeding system for early season rice ratooning rice field and duck breeding method |
| CN106719426A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of double cropping of rice rice field high density duck culturing system and duck culturing method |
| CN107117711A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-01 | 苏州润文生态科技有限公司 | Non-point Source Pollution in Irrigation District emission reduction increases income pattern |
| CN108911148A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-30 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of basin agricultural non-point source pollution control method |
| CN109430020A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-08 | 雷问霄 | A kind of multifunctional bionic scarecrow |
| CN109496712A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-03-22 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Intensive farmland intensified ecological model |
| CN109553190A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-04-02 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A method of the ecological ditch pool, which is embedded in, using buffer strip intercepts farmland nitrogen phosphorus runoff |
| CN109601269A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-12 | 山东博华高效生态农业科技有限公司 | The restoration methods of bio-diversity in a kind of farmland ecosystem |
| CN109618796A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-16 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | A kind of stereo ecological net construction method |
| CN110526408A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-03 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of agricultural land water quality ecological repair system and method |
| CN111499002A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南艾布鲁环保科技股份有限公司 | Facility and method for preventing and controlling pollution of drinking water source in medium and small watershed |
| CN112875868A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-01 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for solving agricultural non-point source pollution |
| CN114232571A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-25 | 南昌工程学院 | Ecological irrigated area paddy field non-point source zero pollution treatment system |
| CN115304164A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-08 | 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 | Ecological restoration method for comprehensively treating farmland non-point source pollution |
| CN115445393A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-12-09 | 贵州天翼恒盛矿产资源工程设计有限公司 | Method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of soil and underground water |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004148182A (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-27 | Yasushi Tawara | Method for cleaning and activating water of sea area or rivers |
| CN203568939U (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-04-30 | 南京宏博环保实业有限公司 | Agricultural non-point source pollution control system |
| CN104445805A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-25 | 天津大学 | Ecological ditch combined treatment system of agricultural field surface source pollution reproducible zeolite |
-
2015
- 2015-09-18 CN CN201510593877.0A patent/CN105130001B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004148182A (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-27 | Yasushi Tawara | Method for cleaning and activating water of sea area or rivers |
| CN203568939U (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-04-30 | 南京宏博环保实业有限公司 | Agricultural non-point source pollution control system |
| CN104445805A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-25 | 天津大学 | Ecological ditch combined treatment system of agricultural field surface source pollution reproducible zeolite |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105900634A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-31 | 淮安市苏泽生态农业有限公司 | Ecologically sustainable organic wheat planting method |
| CN106034440A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-26 | 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所 | Method for building plough layer of paddy field |
| CN106638512A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-05-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Plain river-net area farmland non-point source pollution whole-process ecological control network system and construction method thereof |
| CN106665229B (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2020-05-12 | 湖南农业大学 | High-density duck breeding system and duck breeding method for early rice and ratoon rice field |
| CN106665229A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-17 | 湖南农业大学 | High intensity duck breeding system for early season rice ratooning rice field and duck breeding method |
| CN106719426A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of double cropping of rice rice field high density duck culturing system and duck culturing method |
| CN106719426B (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2020-12-04 | 湖南农业大学 | Double-cropping rice field high-density duck breeding system and duck breeding method |
| CN107117711A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-01 | 苏州润文生态科技有限公司 | Non-point Source Pollution in Irrigation District emission reduction increases income pattern |
| CN108911148A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-30 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of basin agricultural non-point source pollution control method |
| CN109553190A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-04-02 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A method of the ecological ditch pool, which is embedded in, using buffer strip intercepts farmland nitrogen phosphorus runoff |
| CN109430020A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-08 | 雷问霄 | A kind of multifunctional bionic scarecrow |
| CN109601269A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-12 | 山东博华高效生态农业科技有限公司 | The restoration methods of bio-diversity in a kind of farmland ecosystem |
| CN109618796A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-16 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | A kind of stereo ecological net construction method |
| CN109496712A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-03-22 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Intensive farmland intensified ecological model |
| CN110526408A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-03 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of agricultural land water quality ecological repair system and method |
| CN111499002A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南艾布鲁环保科技股份有限公司 | Facility and method for preventing and controlling pollution of drinking water source in medium and small watershed |
| CN112875868A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-01 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for solving agricultural non-point source pollution |
| CN114232571A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-25 | 南昌工程学院 | Ecological irrigated area paddy field non-point source zero pollution treatment system |
| CN115445393A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-12-09 | 贵州天翼恒盛矿产资源工程设计有限公司 | Method for improving carbon sequestration efficiency of soil and underground water |
| CN115445393B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2024-04-26 | 贵州天翼恒盛矿产资源工程设计有限公司 | Method for improving carbon sink efficiency of soil and underground water |
| CN115304164A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-08 | 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所 | Ecological restoration method for comprehensively treating farmland non-point source pollution |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105130001B (en) | 2017-03-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105130001B (en) | Method for establishing nature-simulated ecological farmland | |
| CN110915336A (en) | Ecological system treatment method | |
| CN103283464B (en) | Method for planting sea vegetables by shrimp pond aquaculture wastewater in intertidal zone of mid-subtropical monsoon climate region | |
| CN109879447A (en) | The construction method of the Water in landscape lake ecosystem | |
| CN103883138B (en) | Agriculture fishing solid production automation engineering system | |
| CN111955387A (en) | Polder area paddy field coupling pond and ditch three-level wetland system | |
| CN111248128B (en) | External circulation freshwater shrimp breeding method | |
| CN108455787A (en) | A kind of sewage water treatment method based on ecological canal pool agricultural wetland | |
| CN110089228A (en) | A kind of impaired method for recovering vegetation of seashore wetland | |
| CN105900635A (en) | Hill organic compound ecological planting and culture system | |
| CN104787891A (en) | Algal blooming ecological control system based on micro-terrain reconstruction, ecological method for controlling algal blooming and application | |
| JP2013518564A (en) | Cultivation structure and cultivation method | |
| CN106892743A (en) | A kind of biogas slurry, the processing method of liquid dung | |
| CN106922584A (en) | A kind of method of raising crabs in paddy field | |
| CN109380088A (en) | A kind of Low hilly red soil small watershed ecological harnessing system | |
| CN108163987B (en) | Constructed wetland construction method for comprehensive treatment of agricultural production non-point source pollution | |
| CN203985221U (en) | Removable submerged plant lawn piece implant bed | |
| CN104823650B (en) | Water-breeding planting method of water celeries with green and yellow buds | |
| CN2928836Y (en) | Plant bed type waste water resource treating system | |
| CN108911148A (en) | A kind of basin agricultural non-point source pollution control method | |
| CN108293929A (en) | A method of improveing soil using strand prawn culturing pool winter period of rest planting vegetable | |
| CN218736622U (en) | Saline-alkali soil leaching and breeding system for artificial wetland water circulation | |
| CN109430120B (en) | Method for breeding big-elastic mudskipper by utilizing mariculture wastewater in mangrove forest area | |
| CN108911147A (en) | A kind of restoration methods of river water plant | |
| CN202576153U (en) | High-efficiency farmland ecological pond for leisure and tourism |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20170322 Termination date: 20200918 |