CN106034440A - Method for building plough layer of paddy field - Google Patents
Method for building plough layer of paddy field Download PDFInfo
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- CN106034440A CN106034440A CN201610371744.3A CN201610371744A CN106034440A CN 106034440 A CN106034440 A CN 106034440A CN 201610371744 A CN201610371744 A CN 201610371744A CN 106034440 A CN106034440 A CN 106034440A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for building a plough layer of a paddy field, and the method comprises four steps: autumn deep ploughing, spring harrowing, irrigation and field steeping, leveling and settling. The method is suitable for the soil with a thick black soil layer or viscid paddy field soil, can break a plow pan during autumn deep ploughing, enables the plow fan to move downwards, increases the thickness of the plough layer, enlarges the growing space of roots, increases the surface soil in a unit area, and increases the nutrient supply. After deep ploughing, the soil nutrient availability of each layer is increased after a winter freezing and thawing alternate process, thereby further improving soil fertility and increasing the effective nutrient supply. The spring soil preparation of a dry farmland can reduce the time of field steeping and the number of operation times of scarification equipment, reduces the damage of water soil preparation to the original structure of soil particles, and maintains the good granular structure of the soil of the paddy field. The above steps are combined, thereby increasing the thickness of the plough layer of the paddy field in the unit area, increasing the growing space of the roots, increasing the soil in the unit area, and facilitating the growth of crops in the paddy field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for soil preparation of agricultural paddy planting, particularly relate to the construction method of a kind of paddy field topsoil.
Background technology
Topsoil is the main space environment of plant root growth, distribution, and plant more than 80% root system is distributed in topsoil soils
In, topsoil space is the biggest, and amount of soil is the most, it is provided that the nutrient of plant growing, moisture are the most, more can meet demand of plant growth.
But in paddy field produces, due to the impact of traditional thought, people always consider paddy field soil plough sole to be had, guarantee paddy field
Water retention.Therefore, for a long time, in the cropping system in paddy field, use rotary tillage or the shallow tillage method turned over year after year, cause plough
Bottom is gradually increasing, and plough sole thickeies, and the oldest rice field plough sole thickness is 13～18cm, and unit weight is more than 1.5g/cm3, lead
Cause that wet crop root system cannot stretch downwards, root system longitudinal direction vivosphere reduces, wet crop effectively survives sky in unit are
Between reduce, make to prick under the root system of wet crop shallow, to be laterally distributed in topsoil dose,surface many, and then cause root system holding capabilities poor,
Such as rainy, strong wind weather, easily lodging, loss is serious；And hard abundant plough sole, make soil be in airtight,
Waterproof state, long-term waterflooding makes soil be in reducing condition, and available nutrient reduces, harmful reducing gas H2S etc. increase, and lead
Cause rice root to be poisoned, affect wet crop normal development；Meanwhile, plough sole raises, topsoil space is little, can reduce crop
Nutrient aggregate supply, cause crop failure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the construction method of a kind of paddy field topsoil.
The construction method of the paddy field topsoil of the present invention, concrete operation step is as follows:
A, autumn plough deeply: in the fall after results, plough deeply soil 20～30cm, place after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, surviving the winter, obtain ploughing deeply ground；
B, spring cake ground: by a step gained plough deeply ground soil drought harrow 1～3 time, the degree of depth of raking the soil level be 2～8cm, obtain drought and rake the soil level；
C, soaked field of pouring water: pour water soaked field, its irrigation quantity of the drought of b step gained being raked the soil level is every mu 100～300m3, the soaked field time
12～60h, obtain blister field；
D, levelling sedimentation: by levelling for the blister field of step c gained, be not more than 5cm to face, field difference of height, keep water layer 3 simultaneously
～10cm, settle 2～7 days, i.e. complete the structure of the reasonable topsoil in black earth paddy field.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the construction method of described paddy field topsoil, concrete operation step is as follows:
A, autumn plough deeply: in the fall after results, plough deeply soil 25～28cm, place after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, surviving the winter, obtain ploughing deeply ground；
B, spring cake ground: by a step gained plough deeply ground soil drought harrow 1～2 time, the degree of depth of raking the soil level be 3～5cm, obtain drought rake
Ground；
C, soaked field of pouring water: pour water soaked field, its irrigation quantity of the drought of b step gained being raked the soil level is every mu 150～200m3, the soaked field time
24～48h, obtain blister field；
D, levelling sedimentation: by levelling for the blister field of step c gained, be not more than 3cm to face, field difference of height, keep water layer 5 simultaneously
～7cm, settle 3～5 days, i.e. complete the structure of the reasonable topsoil in black earth paddy field.
As a further improvement on the present invention, soil is ploughed deeply by step a for utilizing paddy field to plough deeply plough, and it ploughs deeply wide cut
It is 25～28cm for 1m, the degree of depth.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described step d for utilize change-can mixer for water whole levelling, its stir slurry wholely
The degree of depth is 15～30cm.
The construction method of the paddy field topsoil of the present invention, is particularly suitable for loamy texture or the cement paddy field water earth of black earth thickness, its
Plough deeply autumn and can break plough sole, make plough sole move down, increase topsoil thickness and root system vivosphere, improve unit are and plough
Layer amount of soil, increases nutrient supply amount；Soil after ploughing deeply, through alternate freezing and thawing process in winter, each layer soil nutrient availability
Increase, further increase the quantity delivered of soil fertility and available nutrient；Spring dry land whole ground can reduce the blister field time and
Water scarification equipment operations number, reduces water whole number of times multipair grogs original state structural damage degree, keeps paddy field soil good
Crumb structure；Each step organically combines, and can thicken wet crop unit are topsoil depth, expand crop root life
Deposit space, raising unit are amount of soil is advantageous for wet crop fertility, and then effectively reduces Agricultural Risks.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The construction method of the paddy field topsoil of the present invention, concrete operation step is as follows:
A, autumn plough deeply: in the fall after results, ploughing deeply soil 20cm, wide cut is 1m, place after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, surviving the winter, obtain ploughing deeply ground；
This step can break plough sole, makes plough sole move down, increases topsoil thickness, increases root system vivosphere, improves unit are
Topsoil soils amount, increases nutrient overall supplies；Deep ploughing soil is placed after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, and through alternate freezing and thawing in winter, can increase soil
Dry ground effect, the experiment proved that, after turning over, 10～20cm soil layer soil mineralization nitrogen contents ratio does not turn over raising more than 1 times, adds deep
The supply of layer soil available nitrogen, increases soil fertility and the supply potentiality of available nutrient；
B, spring cake ground: by a step gained plough deeply ground soil drought harrow 1 time, the degree of depth of raking the soil level be 2cm, obtain drought and rake the soil level；Spring cake
Ground is in the time in early spring, to paddy field field soaked before rake the soil level, it primarily serves hack, chesson, guarantor's water-retention divide, improve
Soil temperatures etc. act on, and can reduce blister field time and water scarification equipment operations number simultaneously, reduce the multipair grogs of water whole number of times
Original state structural damage degree, keeps the crumb structure that paddy field soil is good；In order to improve work efficiency, the available drought of this step
Whole ground, field cake is put down machinery and is carried out operation；
C, soaked field of pouring water: pour water soaked field, its irrigation quantity of the drought of b step gained being raked the soil level is every mu of 100m3, soaked field time 12h,
To blister field, perform early-stage preparations for wet crop shoot transplanting equipment to Honda；
D, levelling sedimentation: utilize change-can mixer to carry out in the blister field of step c gained levelling, it stirs slurry depth of soil preparation is 15cm, extremely
Face, field difference of height is not more than 5cm, keeps water layer at 3cm simultaneously, settles 2 days, i.e. complete the structure of the reasonable topsoil in black earth paddy field；Water
Wholely levelling being to ensure that field height is consistent, water layer is highly consistent, not water time overboard, and then ensures paddy field water after rice transplanting
Layer height is unified, ensures face, field, water layer standard that the various weedings used in field, insecticide can reach to use simultaneously.
Embodiment 2
The construction method of the paddy field topsoil of the present invention, concrete operation step is as follows:
A, autumn plough deeply: in the fall after results, ploughing deeply soil 30cm, wide cut is 1m, place after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, surviving the winter, obtain ploughing deeply ground；
This step can break plough sole, makes plough sole move down, increases topsoil thickness, increases root system vivosphere, improves unit are
Topsoil soils amount, increases nutrient overall supplies；Deep ploughing soil is placed after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, and through alternate freezing and thawing in winter, can increase soil
Dry ground effect, the experiment proved that, after turning over, 10～20cm soil layer soil mineralization nitrogen contents ratio does not turn over raising more than 1 times, adds deep
The supply of layer soil available nitrogen, increases soil fertility and the supply potentiality of available nutrient；
B, spring cake ground: by a step gained plough deeply ground soil drought harrow 3 times, the degree of depth of raking the soil level be 8cm, obtain drought and rake the soil level；Spring cake
Ground is in the time in early spring, to paddy field field soaked before rake the soil level, it primarily serves hack, chesson, guarantor's water-retention divide, improve
Soil temperatures etc. act on, and can reduce blister field time and water scarification equipment operations number simultaneously, reduce the multipair grogs of water whole number of times
Original state structural damage degree, keeps the crumb structure that paddy field soil is good；In order to improve work efficiency, the available drought of this step
Whole ground, field cake is put down machinery and is carried out operation；
C, soaked field of pouring water: pour water soaked field, its irrigation quantity of the drought of b step gained being raked the soil level is every mu of 300m3, soaked field time 60h,
To blister field, perform early-stage preparations for wet crop shoot transplanting equipment to Honda；
D, levelling sedimentation: utilize change-can mixer to carry out in the blister field of step c gained levelling, it stirs slurry depth of soil preparation is 30cm, extremely
Face, field difference of height is not more than 5cm, keeps water layer at 10cm simultaneously, settles 7 days, i.e. complete the structure of the reasonable topsoil in black earth paddy field；
Water is wholely levelling is to ensure that field height is consistent, and water layer is highly consistent, not water time overboard, and then ensures paddy field after rice transplanting
Water layer high unity, ensures face, field, water layer standard that the various weedings used in field, insecticide can reach to use simultaneously.
Embodiment 3
The construction method of the paddy field topsoil of the present invention, concrete operation step is as follows:
A, autumn plough deeply: in the fall after results, ploughing deeply soil 25cm, wide cut is 1m, place after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, surviving the winter, obtain ploughing deeply ground；
This step can break plough sole, makes plough sole move down, increases topsoil thickness, increases root system vivosphere, improves unit are
Topsoil soils amount, increases nutrient overall supplies；Deep ploughing soil is placed after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, and through alternate freezing and thawing in winter, can increase soil
Dry ground effect, the experiment proved that, after turning over, 10～20cm soil layer soil mineralization nitrogen contents ratio does not turn over raising more than 1 times, adds deep
The supply of layer soil available nitrogen, increases soil fertility and the supply potentiality of available nutrient；
B, spring cake ground: by a step gained plough deeply ground soil drought harrow 1 time, the degree of depth of raking the soil level be 3cm, obtain drought and rake the soil level；Spring
In the time in early spring cake, to paddy field field soaked before rake the soil level, it primarily serves hack, chesson, guarantor's water-retention divide, carry
High soil temperatures etc. act on, and can reduce blister field time and water scarification equipment operations number simultaneously, reduce the multipair soil of water whole number of times
Grain original state structural damage degree, keeps the crumb structure that paddy field soil is good；In order to improve work efficiency, this step may utilize
Dry land whole ground cake is put down machinery and is carried out operation；
C, soaked field of pouring water: pour water soaked field, its irrigation quantity of the drought of b step gained being raked the soil level is every mu of 150m3, soaked field time 24h,
Obtain blister field, perform early-stage preparations for wet crop shoot transplanting equipment to Honda；
D, levelling sedimentation: by levelling for the blister field of step c gained, be not more than 3cm to face, field difference of height, keep water layer to exist simultaneously
5cm, settles 3 days, i.e. completes the structure of the reasonable topsoil in black earth paddy field；Water is wholely levelling is to ensure that field height is consistent, water
Layer height is consistent, not water time overboard, and then ensures paddy field water layer high unity after rice transplanting, ensures that field is used various simultaneously
Weeding, insecticide can reach face, field, the water layer standard used.
Embodiment 4
The construction method of the paddy field topsoil of the present invention, concrete operation step is as follows:
A, autumn plough deeply: in the fall after results, ploughing deeply soil 28cm, wide cut is 1m, place after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, surviving the winter, obtain ploughing deeply ground；
This step can break plough sole, makes plough sole move down, increases topsoil thickness, increases root system vivosphere, improves unit are
Topsoil soils amount, increases nutrient overall supplies；Deep ploughing soil is placed after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, and through alternate freezing and thawing in winter, can increase soil
Dry ground effect, the experiment proved that, after turning over, 10～20cm soil layer soil mineralization nitrogen contents ratio does not turn over raising more than 1 times, adds deep
The supply of layer soil available nitrogen, increases soil fertility and the supply potentiality of available nutrient；
B, spring cake ground: by a step gained plough deeply ground soil drought harrow 2 times, the degree of depth of raking the soil level be 5cm, obtain drought and rake the soil level；Spring
In the time in early spring cake, to paddy field field soaked before rake the soil level, it primarily serves hack, chesson, guarantor's water-retention divide, carry
High soil temperatures etc. act on, and can reduce blister field time and water scarification equipment operations number simultaneously, reduce the multipair soil of water whole number of times
Grain original state structural damage degree, keeps the crumb structure that paddy field soil is good；In order to improve work efficiency, this step may utilize
Dry land whole ground cake is put down machinery and is carried out operation；
C, soaked field of pouring water: pour water soaked field, its irrigation quantity of the drought of b step gained being raked the soil level is every mu of 200m3, soaked field time 48h,
To blister field, perform early-stage preparations for wet crop shoot transplanting equipment to Honda；
D, levelling sedimentation: by levelling for the blister field of step c gained, be not more than 3cm to face, field difference of height, keep water layer to exist simultaneously
7cm, settles 5 days, i.e. completes the structure of the reasonable topsoil in black earth paddy field；Water is wholely levelling is to ensure that field height is consistent, water
Layer height is consistent, not water time overboard, and then ensures paddy field water layer high unity after rice transplanting, ensures that field is used various simultaneously
Weeding, insecticide can reach face, field, the water layer standard used.
Embodiment 5
The construction method of the paddy field topsoil of the present invention, concrete operation step is as follows:
A, autumn plough deeply: in the fall after results, ploughing deeply soil 26cm, wide cut is 1m, place after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, surviving the winter, obtain ploughing deeply ground；
This step can break plough sole, makes plough sole move down, increases topsoil thickness, increases root system vivosphere, improves unit are
Topsoil soils amount, increases nutrient overall supplies；Deep ploughing soil is placed after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, and through alternate freezing and thawing in winter, can increase soil
Dry ground effect, the experiment proved that, after turning over, 10～20cm soil layer soil mineralization nitrogen contents ratio does not turn over raising more than 1 times, adds deep
The supply of layer soil available nitrogen, increases soil fertility and the supply potentiality of available nutrient；
B, spring cake ground: by a step gained plough deeply ground soil drought harrow 2 times, the degree of depth of raking the soil level be 4cm, obtain drought and rake the soil level；Spring
In the time in early spring cake, to paddy field field soaked before rake the soil level, it primarily serves hack, chesson, guarantor's water-retention divide, carry
High soil temperatures etc. act on, and can reduce blister field time and water scarification equipment operations number simultaneously, reduce the multipair soil of water whole number of times
Grain original state structural damage degree, keeps the crumb structure that paddy field soil is good；In order to improve work efficiency, this step may utilize
Dry land whole ground cake is put down machinery and is carried out operation；
C, soaked field of pouring water: pour water soaked field, its irrigation quantity of the drought of b step gained being raked the soil level is every mu of 180m3, soaked field time 36h,
To blister field, perform early-stage preparations for wet crop shoot transplanting equipment to Honda；
D, levelling sedimentation: by levelling for the blister field of step c gained, be not more than 3cm to face, field difference of height, keep water layer to exist simultaneously
6cm, settles 4 days, i.e. completes the structure of the reasonable topsoil in black earth paddy field；Water is wholely levelling is to ensure that field height is consistent, water
Layer height is consistent, not water time overboard, and then ensures paddy field water layer high unity after rice transplanting, ensures that field is used various simultaneously
Weeding, insecticide can reach face, field, the water layer standard used.
Construction method through the paddy field topsoil of the present invention, it is possible to the technique effect reached is as follows:
1, unit are (1m is increased2) topsoil soil amount: (25-15) cm(increases topsoil depth) × 10000cm2(area)=
100000cm3=0. 1m3；Wherein 25cm is the ploughed depth that the present invention ploughs deeply, and 15cm is normal rotary tillage or the shallow degree of depth turned over, this
The vivosphere that topsoil step expands in the unit are of root system, and the supply of various nutrient is ploughed deeply used by invention；
2, unit are (1m is increased2) Soil Available nitrogen total amount: 100000cm3(the topsoil soil amount of increase) × 144mg/kg ×
1.35g/cm3=19.44g, it is seen that it increases unit are Soil Available nitrogen total amount can increase the soil nitrogen to plant strain growth
Element quantity delivered, especially the Rice Growing later stage Nitrogen supplying to plant；Wherein, 144mg/kg refers to the topsoil soils increased
Soil available nitrogen content under the Unit Weight of (25-15=10cm thickness) soil layer, 1.35g/cm3It it is unit volume soil volume weight
Amount, with preceding formula (100000cm3×1.35g/cm3) just draw unit volume 1m after calculating2Soil gross weight, unit volume
Soil gross weight is multiplied by available nitrogen content, just draws the total nitrogen of the soil plough horizon thickness of increase, namely increases unit are
(1m2) Soil Available nitrogen total amount；
3, unit are (1m is increased2) soil organism total amount: 100000cm3(the topsoil soil amount of increase) × 32.86g/kg ×
1.35g/cm3=4.44kg, organic matter is the main indexes of soil fertility, and organic matter can provide plant nutrient, promote plant
Growth promoter, improve soil physical property, improve fertilizer provision from soil, the performance of fertilizer conservation；Wherein, 32.86g/kg refers to increase
Soil organic matter content under the Unit Weight of topsoil soils (25-15=10cm thickness) soil layer, 1.35g/cm3It is unit volume soil
Earth weight by volume, with preceding formula (100000cm3×1.35g/cm3) just draw unit volume 1m after calculating2Soil gross weight,
Unit volume soil gross weight is multiplied by the content of organic matter (32.86g/kg), just draws the total nitrogen of the soil plough horizon thickness of increase,
Namely increase unit are (1m2) soil organism total amount；
4, amount of increase in production is: 5.7%, can directly improve peasant economy benefit；
5, hectare seed Nitrogen Accumulation amount is increased: 11.28%；Nitrogen Accumulation amount represents weight and the seed of seed in unit are
The product of nitrogen content, or represent that seed unit are quantum of output improves, or representation unit weight seed nitrogen content improves, its
Mean that protein increases, improve nutritional quality.
Claims (4)
1. the construction method of paddy field topsoil, concrete operation step is as follows:
A, autumn plough deeply: in the fall after results, plough deeply soil 20～30cm, place after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, surviving the winter, obtain ploughing deeply ground；
B, spring cake ground: by a step gained plough deeply ground soil drought harrow 1～3 time, the degree of depth of raking the soil level be 2～8cm, obtain drought and rake the soil level；
C, soaked field of pouring water: pour water soaked field, its irrigation quantity of the drought of b step gained being raked the soil level is every mu 100～300m3, the soaked field time 12
～60h, obtain blister field；
D, levelling sedimentation: by levelling for the blister field of step c gained, be not more than 5cm to face, field difference of height, keep water layer 3 simultaneously
～10cm, settle 2～7 days, i.e. complete the structure of the reasonable topsoil in black earth paddy field.
2. the construction method of paddy field as claimed in claim 1 topsoil, it is characterised in that operating procedure is as follows:
A, autumn plough deeply: in the fall after results, plough deeply soil 25～28cm, place after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, surviving the winter, obtain ploughing deeply ground；
B, spring cake ground: by a step gained plough deeply ground soil drought harrow 1～2 time, the degree of depth of raking the soil level be 3～5cm, obtain drought rake
Ground；
C, soaked field of pouring water: pour water soaked field, its irrigation quantity of the drought of b step gained being raked the soil level is every mu 150～200m3, the soaked field time 24
～48h, obtain blister field；
D, levelling sedimentation: by levelling for the blister field of step c gained, be not more than 3cm to face, field difference of height, keep water layer 5 simultaneously
～7cm, settle 3～5 days, i.e. complete the structure of the reasonable topsoil in black earth paddy field.
3. the construction method of paddy field as claimed in claim 1 topsoil, it is characterised in that step a ploughs deeply plough to soil for utilizing paddy field
Earth is ploughed deeply, its plough deeply wide cut be 1m, the degree of depth be 25～28cm.
4. the construction method of paddy field as claimed in claim 1 topsoil, it is characterised in that step d is for utilizing change-can mixer whole for water
Levelling, it stirs slurry depth of soil preparation is 15～30cm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107493717A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | Rice Tagayasu Den's method of soil preparation |
| CN110606636A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-24 | 许宝庆 | Natural land utilization treatment method for town dewatered sludge |
| CN115024040A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-09 | 中交广州航道局有限公司 | Secondary backfilling soil-planting process suitable for land improvement project |
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| CN103039147A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-04-17 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Reclamation method for sunk paddy field caused by mining in mountainous regions |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107493717A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | Rice Tagayasu Den's method of soil preparation |
| CN110606636A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-24 | 许宝庆 | Natural land utilization treatment method for town dewatered sludge |
| CN115024040A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-09 | 中交广州航道局有限公司 | Secondary backfilling soil-planting process suitable for land improvement project |
| CN115024040B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-11-21 | 中交广州航道局有限公司 | Secondary backfill tillage planting technology suitable for land reclamation project |
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Application publication date: 20161026 |
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