CN115024040B - Secondary backfill tillage planting technology suitable for land reclamation project - Google Patents
Secondary backfill tillage planting technology suitable for land reclamation project Download PDFInfo
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- CN115024040B CN115024040B CN202210713761.6A CN202210713761A CN115024040B CN 115024040 B CN115024040 B CN 115024040B CN 202210713761 A CN202210713761 A CN 202210713761A CN 115024040 B CN115024040 B CN 115024040B
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- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015655 Crocus sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000124209 Crocus sativus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013974 saffron Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004248 saffron Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of land reclamation, in particular to a secondary backfill soil planting technology suitable for land reclamation projects, which comprises the following steps: the first step: backfilling 25cm of ploughing and planting soil by adopting engineering machinery such as a loader, a bulldozer and the like; and a second step of: uniformly sowing fertilizer on the backfilled cultivated soil; and a third step of: thoroughly wetting soil by using water diversion irrigation of a water delivery project, adjusting the water surface to be slightly higher than the field surface, and uniformly distributing fertilizer inside a soil layer by adopting manually operated agricultural cultivation machinery to turn over cultivation soil; fourth step: after the field surface is fully turned over, standing the field surface, and after the water above the field surface is not turbid, lowering the water to the position below the field surface, preparing to backfill a second layer; fifth step: backfilling a second layer of 25cm of ploughing and planting soil; sixth step: repeating the steps of the second to fourth steps; the functions of enhancing soil fertility and facilitating cultivation of the land are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of land reclamation, in particular to a secondary backfilling soil planting process suitable for land reclamation projects.
Background
Land reclamation refers to the process of comprehensively remediating and developing fields, water, roads, forests and villages by adopting engineering construction measures according to the overall land utilization planning, urban planning, special land remediation planning and the like in a certain area, and carrying out deep development on rural residential land which is improperly configured and unreasonable in utilization, is scattered and idle and is not fully utilized, so that the land intensive utilization rate and yield are improved, and the production, living conditions and ecological environment are improved. Generalized land reclamation includes land preparation, land reclamation, and land development.
Land reclamation (newly added cultivated land) is to backfill 50cm of cultivated and planted soil on the surface layer to serve as a cultivated layer, the traditional process adopts a one-time backfilling technology, namely 50cm of cultivated and planted soil is backfilled once, biological or chemical fertilizer is sown, water is irrigated thoroughly by using a water delivery project, and the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the soil by using an agricultural cultivator or manual seed turning, and the process adopts an integral wetting and fertilizing process after backfilling the cultivated and planted soil; the process regards the whole cultivated soil as a whole for wetting and fertilizing. The agricultural cultivation machinery is mostly used in rural areas in China, the effective cultivation depth of the agricultural cultivation machinery is mostly 30-20cm, the soil cultivated in the bottom layer is not easily cultivated, the operation depth of the large engineering machinery is often more than 50cm, the operation depth can be controlled to be 30-50cm on the premise that the level of an operator is high, the large machinery enters a field block which is subjected to land improvement rapidly to perform cultivation operation, the original field block lower layer tissue is often damaged, and the weight of the engineering machinery is often more than 10T, so that the soil cultivated in the upper layer is easily compacted, and the cultivation operation of a later farmer is not facilitated.
Research shows that the root system depth of the crops is more than 90% and is distributed in surface soil with the depth of 0-50cm, the process can not fertilize bottom soil, the bottom soil is compacted under the action of gravity and the production and living operation activities of farmers in the subsequent cultivation process, the bottom structure is uneven in size and air permeability; the water permeability is rapidly reduced, and when the oxygen content in the soil is lower than 5%, the crop root system rapidly stops growing and rapidly blackens and necrotizes in a water-rich environment; therefore, the secondary backfilling soil planting process suitable for the land reclamation project is provided for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a secondary backfilling tillage soil-planting process suitable for a land-repairing project, which aims to solve the problems that in the land-repairing project, due to the defect of poor structure such as hardening of deep soil caused by the traditional backfilling tillage soil-planting process, a subsequent farmer cannot turn over to the deep tillage soil in the tillage operation, so that the deep root system of crops stops growing and rapidly blackens and necrosis.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a secondary backfill soil planting technology suitable for a land reclamation project, which comprises the following steps:
s1: backfilling 25cm of ploughing and planting soil by adopting engineering machinery such as a loader, a bulldozer and the like;
s2: uniformly sowing fertilizer on the backfilled cultivated soil;
s3: thoroughly wetting soil by using water diversion irrigation of a water delivery project, adjusting the water surface to be slightly higher than the field surface, and uniformly distributing fertilizer inside a soil layer by adopting manually operated agricultural cultivation machinery to turn over cultivation soil;
s4: after the field surface is fully turned over, standing the field surface, and after the water above the field surface is not turbid, lowering the water to the position below the field surface, preparing to backfill a second layer;
s5: backfilling a second layer of 25cm of ploughing and planting soil;
s6: the steps in S2-4 are repeated.
Preferably, the step S1 is specifically that the tillage planting soil is adopted from left to right during backfilling; backfilling the areas from outside to inside, and simultaneously avoiding the rolling and tillage of the engineering machinery.
Preferably, the fertilizer in S2 is bio-optimal, and if there is no bio-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer may be used instead.
Preferably, the step S3 may be performed in a multi-man multi-machine mode for reducing the number of man-hours in the seed turning operation.
Preferably, in the step S3, the damage to the waterproof structure of the retaining wall should be avoided in the process of using agricultural cultivation machinery, and if the non-woven geotextile of the retaining wall is damaged, the non-woven geotextile of the retaining wall should be laid again in time, so that the water and soil loss caused by water leakage in the subsequent working procedure or the production process of farmers is prevented.
Preferably, in the step S4, the water surface should be prevented from being disturbed as much as possible during the process of waiting for the water above the field surface to return to the clarified state, and the standing time should be prolonged appropriately until the water surface is restored to the clarified state if the disturbance to the water surface is unavoidable.
Preferably, in the step S5, care should be taken to minimize the rolling area of the engineering machine during the backfilling process of the second layer of cultivated soil, and the rolling area of the engineering machine should be minimized when the construction machine enters the field.
Preferably, the step S6 is to increase the water filling amount properly in the water diversion irrigation procedure, and increase the standing time, and increase the seed turning times properly when the farm machinery is used for turning the seed, i.e. the number of seed turning layers reaches to be turned to the first layer and the second layer simultaneously, so that the farm machinery can be used for turning seed simultaneously, but the safety distance is kept, and the safety accident is avoided.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, through the steps of S1-6, the function of enhancing soil fertility and facilitating cultivation of the soil is realized, the first layer of cultivation soil is turned over and is settled under the action of gravity, the larger structure tissue in the cultivation soil is settled to the bottom of the cultivation soil, the top of the cultivation soil is provided with small structure and fine water permeability, and when the crop root grows to the layer of soil, the plant root system is easier to absorb nutrients and simultaneously can not cause phenomena of crop root system necrosis and the like due to poor soil water permeability, thereby solving the problem of rapid blackening and necrosis of the crop root system caused by the fact that the subsequent farmers cannot turn over the cultivation soil to the deep layer in cultivation operation due to poor structure defects such as deep soil hardening and the like caused by the traditional backfilling cultivation soil technology in the soil improvement project.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the process flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a secondary backfilling and planting process suitable for land reclamation projects comprises the following steps:
s1: backfilling 25cm of ploughing and planting soil by adopting engineering machinery such as a loader, a bulldozer and the like;
s2: uniformly sowing fertilizer on the backfilled cultivated soil;
s3: thoroughly wetting soil by using water diversion irrigation of a water delivery project, adjusting the water surface to be slightly higher than the field surface, and uniformly distributing fertilizer inside a soil layer by adopting manually operated agricultural cultivation machinery to turn over cultivation soil;
s4: after the field surface is fully turned over, standing the field surface, and after the water above the field surface is not turbid, lowering the water to the position below the field surface, preparing to backfill a second layer;
s5: backfilling a second layer of 25cm of ploughing and planting soil;
s6: repeating the step S2-4;
during working, in the land renovation project, due to the defect of poor structure such as hardening of deep soil caused by the traditional backfilling cultivation soil technology, a subsequent farmer cannot turn over the deep cultivation soil in the cultivation operation to stop the growth of the deep root system of crops and quickly blacken and necrotize, the technology of the invention enables the first layer of cultivation soil to be turned over and to be settled under the action of gravity, larger structure tissues in the cultivation soil are settled to the bottom of the cultivation soil, the top of the cultivation soil is fine in structure and fine in permeability, and when the root system of the crops grows to the soil of the layer, the root system of the crops can absorb nutrient substances more easily, and meanwhile, the phenomena such as necrosis of the root system of the crops caused by poor permeability of the soil are avoided.
The S1 specifically comprises the steps that the tillage planting soil is adopted from left to right during backfilling; backfilling the areas from outside to inside, and simultaneously avoiding the rolling and tillage of the engineering machinery;
in the working process, the optimal proportion of each component of the cultivated soil is 45% of mineral substances, 5% of organic matters, 20% of air and 30% of water. The best soil aggregate is 1-5 mm, and the soil aggregate is required to be moderate in acid and alkali, good in drainage, loose and fertile, free of building and household garbage and free of toxic and harmful substances.
The fertilizer in the step S2 is the best biological fertilizer, and if no biological fertilizer exists, the fertilizer can be replaced by chemical fertilizer;
the S3 can adopt a multi-person and multi-mechanical mode for reducing working hours in seed turning operation;
in the step S3, the damage to the waterproof structure of the retaining wall should be avoided in the process of using agricultural cultivation machinery, if the damage of the non-woven geotextile of the retaining wall occurs, the non-woven geotextile of the retaining wall should be laid again in time, and the water and soil loss caused by water leakage in the subsequent working procedure or the production process of farmers is prevented;
in the step S4, the water surface is prevented from being disturbed as much as possible in the process of waiting for the water above the field surface to return to the clarification state, and if the condition of disturbing the water surface is unavoidable, the standing time is prolonged appropriately until the water surface is clarified;
in the step S5, during the process of backfilling the second layer of cultivated and planted soil, the rolling field of the engineering machinery is reduced as much as possible, the rolling area of the engineering machinery is reduced as much as possible when the second layer of cultivated and planted soil is in a place where the second layer of cultivated and planted soil enters the field, the cultivated and planted soil is uniformly stacked on the ridge by the aid of an earth moving vehicle, and the cultivated and planted soil is thrown into the field by using an excavator with a large working area so as to reduce the opportunity that the engineering machinery enters the field; if the soil is carried as much as possible by utilizing the advantages of the excavator arm length if the place which cannot be constructed by the measures is located; stacking to a place which is possibly far away, and then manually pushing and laying the stacked soil pile on the field surface;
the S6 is to properly increase the water filling amount and the standing time in the water diversion irrigation process, properly increase the seed turning times when using the agricultural machinery to turn the seeds on the field, namely the number of seed turning layers reaches to be turned on the first layer and the second layer simultaneously, and the agricultural hand-held machinery can be adopted to turn seeds simultaneously but keep a safe distance, so that safety accidents are avoided;
when the process is in work, after the improvement of the process, the bottom layer of the cultivated soil can form positive circulation: taking summer autumn planting rice, autumn winter planting saffron, half year planting rice as an example of a cycle, briefly teaching that crop roots form a positive cycle in bottom cultivation soil, harvesting the rice in autumn in summer, wherein the rice roots are mainly distributed in the soil with the surface layer of 0-25cm during the planting period, and part of the main roots grow to the deep soil with the depth of 25-50cm to absorb deep cultivation soil; the root system remained in the soil in the period of time is decomposed into nutrient substances for crops to absorb under the action of microorganisms and the like.
Working principle: in the land renovation project, due to the defect of poor structure such as deep soil hardening and the like caused by the traditional backfilling cultivation soil technology, a subsequent farmer cannot turn over the deep cultivation soil in the cultivation operation to stop the growth of the deep root system of crops and quickly blacken and necrotize, the technology of the invention ensures that the first layer of cultivation soil is turned over and sedimented under the action of gravity, larger structure tissues in the cultivation soil are sedimented to the bottom of the cultivation soil, the top of the cultivation soil is the cultivation soil with fine structure and fine water permeability and good air permeability, and when the root system of the crops grows to the soil of the layer, the root system of the crops is easier to absorb nutrient substances and the root system of the crops is not necrotized due to poor water permeability of the soil.
After the improvement of the process, the bottom layer of the cultivated soil can form positive circulation: taking summer autumn planting rice, autumn winter planting saffron, half year planting rice as an example of a cycle, briefly teaching that crop roots form a positive cycle in bottom cultivation soil, harvesting the rice in autumn in summer, wherein the rice roots are mainly distributed in the soil with the surface layer of 0-25cm during the planting period, and part of the main roots grow to the deep soil with the depth of 25-50cm to absorb deep cultivation soil; the root system remained in the soil in the period of time is decomposed into nutrient substances for crops to absorb under the action of microorganisms and the like.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The secondary backfilling soil planting process suitable for the land reclamation project is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the secondary backfilling tillage planting soil engineering comprises the following steps:
s1: backfilling 25cm of ploughing and planting soil by adopting engineering machinery such as a loader, a bulldozer and the like;
s2: uniformly sowing fertilizer on the backfilled cultivated soil;
s3: thoroughly wetting soil by using water diversion irrigation of a water delivery project, adjusting the water surface to be slightly higher than the field surface, and uniformly distributing fertilizer inside a soil layer by adopting manually operated agricultural cultivation machinery to turn over cultivation soil;
s4: after the field surface is fully turned over, standing the field surface, and after the water above the field surface is not turbid, lowering the water to the position below the field surface, preparing to backfill a second layer;
s5: backfilling a second layer of 25cm of ploughing and planting soil;
s6: repeating the step S2-4;
the S1 specifically comprises the steps that the tillage planting soil is adopted from left to right during backfilling; backfilling the areas from outside to inside, and simultaneously avoiding the rolling and tillage of the engineering machinery;
the fertilizer in the step S2 is the best biological fertilizer, and if no biological fertilizer exists, the fertilizer can be replaced by chemical fertilizer;
the S3 can adopt a multi-person and multi-mechanical mode for reducing working hours in seed turning operation;
in the step S3, the damage to the waterproof structure of the retaining wall should be avoided in the mechanical process of agricultural cultivation, if the damage of the non-woven geotextile of the retaining wall occurs, the non-woven geotextile of the retaining wall should be laid again in time, and the water and soil loss caused by water leakage in the subsequent working procedure or the production process of farmers is prevented.
2. The secondary backfill soil planting process for land reclamation projects of claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the water surface is prevented from being disturbed as much as possible in the process of waiting for the water above the field surface to return to the clarification state, and the standing time is prolonged appropriately until the water surface is clarified again if the water surface is disturbed inevitably.
3. The secondary backfill soil planting process for land reclamation projects according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S5, during the process of backfilling the second layer of cultivated soil, the field surface of the engineering machine should be reduced as much as possible, and the area of the engineering machine to be rolled should be reduced as much as possible when the engineering machine enters the field surface.
4. A secondary backfill soil planting process for land reclamation projects as recited in claim 3, wherein: the S6 is specifically that the water filling amount is properly increased in the water diversion irrigation process, the standing time is increased, the seed turning times are properly increased when the agricultural machinery is used for turning the seed on the field, namely the number of seed turning layers reaches to be turned on the first layer and the second layer simultaneously, and the agricultural hand-held machinery can be adopted for turning seed simultaneously but keeping a safe distance, so that safety accidents are avoided.
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