CN103416185A - Fixed ridge culture and subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method - Google Patents
Fixed ridge culture and subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103416185A CN103416185A CN2013102976697A CN201310297669A CN103416185A CN 103416185 A CN103416185 A CN 103416185A CN 2013102976697 A CN2013102976697 A CN 2013102976697A CN 201310297669 A CN201310297669 A CN 201310297669A CN 103416185 A CN103416185 A CN 103416185A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fixed ridge culture and subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method. The method includes the steps of pipe laying, ridging and field management. According to the step of field management, in the process of crop watering, water is pumped into subsurface branch pipes through a surface main pipe by using a water pump, and the water seeps into stratum soil through water outlets in the subsurface branch pipes; in the process of crop fertilization, water and fertilizer are pumped into the subsurface branch pipes through the surface main pipe by using the water pump, and the water and fertilizer seep into the stratum soil through the water outlets in the subsurface branch pipes and are directly absorbed and utilized by crop roots; various field operations are achieved by driving an agricultural machine on ridge backs, wherein the wheel base of the agricultural machine is matched with the distance between the subsurface branch pipes, and the field operations include harrowing, sowing between adjacent ridges, spray and harvesting. The fixed ridge culture and subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method can improve the degree of mechanization of agricultural production, avoid plow pans, enable the crop roots to absorb and utilize the water directly with the subsurface drip irrigation technology, achieve integration of water and fertilizer, improve the use ratio of the water and fertilizer, and save resources and manual labor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of fixedly ridge culture, underground drip irrigation cultivation, say more specifically a kind of applicable large tracts of land Dry Farmland ridge planting technology, belong to the technical field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technology
Agricultural production is the source of the mankind's basic necessities of life, and existence originally.Throughout history, primitive farming, traditional farming and modern agriculture three phases have successively been experienced in agricultural production.Since modern age, extensive use oil power machinery in agricultural production, a large amount of outside chemical product such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals that use, add the irrigation and water conservancy progress of perfect, improvement of crop cultivar and culture technique gradually, agricultural productivity improves greatly, grain yield increases considerably, solved to a certain extent the demand that food quantity increases and nutrition improves of bringing because of the population growth, but along with expanding economy, increasing people leaves rural area and migrates city, agriculture arable area is also in continuous minimizing simultaneously, and agricultural is faced with new problem and challenge.With regard to northern China dry land cultivation area, having at present following problem (take Wheat Maize Rotation) is example:
1) be to pursue high yield in agricultural production, drop into a large amount of fertilizer, cause utilization rate of fertilizer low, cause the wasting of resources, and be with environmental pollution.Its reason be mainly the producer in order to save time, reduced fertilizer application frequency, improved fertilizer amount.Be generally that fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields or brings into as base fertilizer during mechanical planting when ploughing, due to inconvenient mechanically actuated during plant growth, be difficult to realize ditching-fertilizing, earthing operation, general artificial spreading fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, impose number of times in the majority with 1 time.
2) water scarcity is obvious gradually on the impact of agricultural production.Current normal nearly 400 billion cubic meters of time water deficit in the whole nation, about 300 billion cubic meters of agriculture lack of water wherein, not only the water yield lacks, and the water pollution situation also is on the rise.Because agricultural is the water rich and influential family, its water consumption accounts for 70% of national water total amount, wherein 90% for plant husbandry, irrigate, but the water waste situation is very serious on agricultural, and national irrigation water availability only has 40% left and right.Along with industry and the development of urbanization and the raising of living standards of the people, increasing water is used to meet the needs of industry and resident living, and irrigation water will be more nervous, and in recent years, national area suffered from drought reaches more than 3,300 ten thousand hectares every year on average.
3) agricultural machinery is universal gradually when crop is cultivated and gather in the crops, but track is fixing while using, and has formed gradually tillage pan, and the formation of tillage pan can affect crop to moisture, nutrien utilization.And, when ploughing every year, due to fixing track not, on the soil that can only travel after ploughing, plough rear soil soft, and while making agricultural machinery travel, resistance is large, and oil consumption is high.On the other hand, due to fixing track not, agricultural mechanical operation is application when plantation and results just, and during plant growth, field management can't be applied easily.
For improving the availability of moisture and fertilizer, water-fertilizer integral becomes important development direction of current agricultural production.This technology is an agrotechnique of water and fertile synchronous supply, the solution that soluble solids or liquid fertilizer are mixed with, by pressure system, together with water, irrigate, evenly, regularly, quantitatively infiltrate crop root development growth zone according to regulation of fertilizer requirement and the characteristics of soil nutrient content and crop species, moisture, nutrient regularly, directly offer crop quantitatively, in proportion, meeting the crop different growing stages needs water, needs fertilizer, thereby reaches the purpose that improves crop quality, increasing both production and income.Drip irrigation is the principal mode of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, and the position according to hollow billet in drip irrigation project in field is divided on the ground and underground two kinds of situations:
1) hollow billet is arranged in to ground, between Irrigation Period, the not mobile system of hollow billet and irrigator is called the fixed system in ground.These type systematics of the most employing of drip irrigation now.Its advantage is installation, easy to maintenance, the situation of also being convenient to check ground moistening and measuring the water dropper changes in flow rate; Shortcoming is that hollow billet and irrigator are easy to damage and aging, also influential to the field farming.
2) hollow billet and the whole buried systems of irrigator (being mainly water dropper) are called to underground fixed system.This is the updating and improve of drip irrigation technique in recent years, and irrigator just occurs after stopping up and reducing, and the application area enlarges gradually.With the fixed system in ground, compare, its advantage has reduced evaporation from topsoil and salt accumulation, has exempted the work of hollow billet installation and removal before and after crop-planting and results and the failure loss of equipment, has extended the service life of equipment; And there is no pipeline on earth's surface, do not affect the simple and easy farming operation in field, but, in the middle of actual use procedure, it is installed, and process of deployment is comparatively complicated, the water dropper of described embedded underground easily stops up, once damage, its replacement and maintenance cost is larger.
Underground drip irrigation is generally acknowledged it is one of the most rising efficient water-saving irrigation technology by common people, but still is restricted in the large Tanaka's of Farming application, and wherein being embedded in underground pipeline, can to affect the machinery operation of turning over be a more crucial factor.So be generally that pipeline is embedded into below plow layer in prior art, it is 40cm by underground drip irrigation arm buried depth that Chinese patent literature CN202588004U proposes, although can avoid the depth of implements of current rotary plow, but embedding position is excessively dark, operation is taken a lot of work, can cause moisture, nutrient to run off simultaneously downwards, reduce the effect of underground drip irrigation.
Along with the propelling of China's industrialization, urbanization process, the enforcement of land transformation policy, soil will be realized intensive production gradually, the operator can be more and more stronger for the technical need that can realize field production management mechanization, precision, economized.
Summary of the invention
For defect described in the prior art and deficiency, the invention provides a kind of method of fixedly ridge culture, underground drip irrigation cultivation.The present invention does not carry out destructive farming to field crops and ridge when having realized the field operation of agricultural machinery between the plant growth picking period; The subsurface irrigation device that the present invention also utilizes unique texture carries out the precision management to the water and fertilizer management of field crops, has realized efficient field liquid manure management.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method of fixedly ridge culture, underground drip irrigation cultivation, the method utilizes the device of subsurface irrigation to realize the subsurface irrigation to crop, the device of described subsurface irrigation comprise earth's surface supervisor, lower branch line and driving lever support on the ground, described earth's surface supervisor is connected by snap joint with the ground lower branch line; Described ground driving lever support comprises rack body and the driving lever be arranged on field, and described driving lever is rotationally connected by the first rotating shaft and described rack body; Be provided with a plurality of delivery ports on the sidewall of a side of described ground lower branch line, in the outer setting of described delivery port, kuppe arranged, be positioned at the kuppe that lower branch line one end place, ground arranges and be connected with described driving lever by the first gangbar; Described whole kuppe is connected with described the first gangbar by the 3rd gangbar; Described kuppe is provided with the second gangbar on the position relative with delivery port, described the second gangbar runs through and is arranged in described delivery port, also being provided with the screens parts in described ground lower branch line is connected with described the second gangbar, for realizing the location to kuppe, prevent that kuppe from all being hauled out;
A kind of method of work of device of subsurface irrigation comprises that step is as follows:
(1) earth's surface of the device of subsurface irrigation supervisor is connected with the ground lower branch line, buries the ground lower branch line underground, driving lever support on the ground is installed on ridge; Described driving lever is connected with the first gangbar;
(2) when the device that utilizes subsurface irrigation carries out drip irrigation to crops, driving lever by the driving lever support, described the first gangbar that links and the 3rd gangbar are moved outward, drive described kuppe and described delivery port to leave, the liquid manure that described drip irrigation is used enters stratum along described ground lower branch line, delivery port, kuppe;
(3) when the device without subsurface irrigation carries out drip irrigation to crops, driving lever by the driving lever support, move in described the first gangbar that links and the 3rd gangbar, drive described kuppe and described delivery port closure, the liquid manure that described drip irrigation is used flows along described ground lower branch line.
A kind of method of fixedly ridge culture, underground drip irrigation cultivation comprises that step is as follows:
(1) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, the ground lower branch line is embedded in underground, the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and burying underground in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan that spacing meets the JB/T8300-1999 regulation of described ground lower branch line is a kind of;
(2) ridging: at position, the ground ridging that is embedded with the ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, form the ridge body, row spacing 30-40cm wherein, the high 30-40cm in ridge; An end on described ridge is installed the driving lever support, and described driving lever is connected with the first gangbar;
(3) field management:
While watering to crop: by water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
While giving crop fertilization: by water pump, liquid manure is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
Utilize wheelbase and the agricultural machinery that ground lower branch line spacing adapts to travel at the ridge back, realize the operation of various fields; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sows crop.When selected agricultural machinery is tractor, described tractor tire directly travels at the ridge back, and then realizes the field operation.
The application of method on Wheat Maize Rotation farmland, level land, the North China Plain of a kind of above-mentioned fixedly ridge culture, underground drip irrigation cultivation comprises that step is as follows:
(1) after autumn harvest, i.e. solar calendar early October, the leveling soil, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, utilize agricultural machinery to plough deeply soil;
(2) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, the ground lower branch line is embedded in underground, the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and burying underground in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan that spacing meets the JB/T8300-1999 regulation of described ground lower branch line is a kind of;
(3) ridging, at position, the ground ridging that is embedded with the ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, form the ridge body, row spacing 30-40cm wherein, the high 30-40cm in ridge; An end on described ridge is installed the driving lever support, and described driving lever is connected with the first gangbar;
(4) wheat season field management:
While watering to wheat: by water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
While giving wheat fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
Utilize wheelbase and the agricultural machinery that ground lower branch line spacing adapts to travel at the ridge back, realize the operation of various fields; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sows wheat.When selected agricultural machinery is tractor, described tractor tire directly travels at the ridge back, and then realizes the field operation.
(5) corn season field management:
After harvesting wheat, carry out corn seeding machinery live,
While watering to corn: by water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
While giving corn fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
Utilize wheelbase and the agricultural machinery that ground lower branch line spacing adapts to travel at the ridge back, realize the operation of various fields; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, seeding corn between adjacent ridge.When selected agricultural machinery is tractor, described tractor tire directly travels at the ridge back, and then realizes the field operation.
(6) next in season crop field management:
After harvest corn, original ridge is motionless, as the ridge body diminishes, again earth up, compacting, until row spacing 30-40cm, the high 30-40cm in ridge; Adopt the rotovator of operation wide cut corresponding to distance between the ridges, growth belt between ridge is turned over, repeating step (3), Wheat Maize Rotation goes round and begins again.
Preferred according to the present invention, be provided with steel wool on described the second gangbar of the device of subsurface irrigation.The advantage of design is herein, while moving outside the second gangbar, described steel wool is opened for the silt brush that will stop up delivery port, avoid silt to be back in the ground lower branch line simultaneously, when preventing the obstruction of delivery port, can also play the effect of filtering silt, greatly extend the service life of ground lower branch line.
Preferred according to the present invention, comprise that at the described screens parts of the device of subsurface irrigation many are the support bar that umbrella is arranged.The advantage of design is herein, without lower branch line over the ground, carries out complicated installation the in early stage, can directly the screens parts be mounted to delivery port after lower branch line with burying underground, avoids burying underground in process the damage to delivery port and kuppe; The support bar that simultaneously described umbrella is arranged is filtering silt effectively, further avoids the obstruction of delivery port.
Preferred according to the present invention, at the described kuppe of the device of subsurface irrigation, by the first gangbar, with described driving lever, by the second rotating shaft, be connected.The advantage of design is herein, prevents that the second gangbar from described delivery port, disturbance occurring.
Preferred according to the present invention, be and be horizontally disposed with at the top of the described kuppe of device of subsurface irrigation, bottom and the level of described kuppe are inclined to set.The advantage of design is herein, and described top is and is horizontally disposed with the silt that contributes to block in stratum and moves down, and described bottom is inclined to set, and contributes to liquid manure is carried out to water conservancy diversion, discharges in time silt, prevents from stopping up delivery port.
Preferred according to the present invention, comprise ground lower beam and ground upper boom at the described driving lever of the device of subsurface irrigation, the upper end of the bottom of described ground upper boom and described ground lower beam is threaded connection.While walking agricultural machinery on ridge when needs, described ground upper boom is separated with the ground lower beam, facilitate agricultural machinery normally walking on ridge.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, the present invention has adopted the subsurface irrigation device of unique texture, by the enterprising line operate on ridge, and the opening and closing of interlock kuppe, realize linking sub-terrain operations on the ground, avoided burying underground the blind area operation of drip irrigation pipe, effectively prevented that delivery port from stopping up, and extended the service life of ground lower branch line greatly.
2. the method for a kind of fixedly ridge culture of the present invention, underground drip irrigation cultivation after having realized disposable pipe laying, ridging, is used for years, no longer to the ridge body turned over, ridging again.By water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface while watering to crop, moisture infiltrates soil by the weeper be embedded on the ground lower branch line, and crop root can directly absorb and utilize moisture, can add chemical fertilizer in pipeline, realizes that liquid manure is supply integrated.During the farming operation, the operation wide cut of agricultural machinery is corresponding with distance between the ridges, the tire of tractor directly travels at the ridge back, can not damage and be embedded in drip irrigation appliance under ridge, the tractor wheels diameter is enough large, make the height of agricultural machinery height of the carbody higher than crop in growth, also do not damage the crop grown between ridge.Take fixedly ridge culture as track, can realize the convenient application of agricultural machinery, avoided the larger Regional field of agricultural machinery compacting, reduced the formation of tillage pan; Take fixedly ridge culture as fixing track simultaneously, repeatedly compacting, agricultural machinery under running resistance, reduces oil consumption in the above greatly.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation that Fig. 1 is earth's surface supervisor and ground lower branch line in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
In Fig. 1,1, earth's surface supervisor, 2, lower branch line, 3, fast connector, 4, the fixedly ridge on earth's surface, 5, growth belt between ridge, 6, field road;
The structural representation of the device that Fig. 2 is a kind of subsurface irrigation of the present invention;
The vertical view that Fig. 3 is Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is vertical view when described in Fig. 2, kuppe cuts out;
Fig. 5 is the panoramic structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2;
In Fig. 2-Fig. 5,2, lower branch line; 7, driving lever support; 7-1, rack body, 7-2, driving lever; 7-3, the first rotating shaft; 7-4, lower beam; 7-5, upper boom; 8, delivery port; 9, kuppe; 10, the first gangbar; 11, the second gangbar; 11-1, steel wool; 12, the 3rd gangbar; 13, umbrella shaped support bar; 14, the second rotating shaft.
Embodiment
Be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment and Figure of description, but be not limited to this.
The crop that this embodiment cultivates is soybean.
A kind of method of fixedly ridge culture, underground drip irrigation cultivation, the method utilizes the device of subsurface irrigation to realize the subsurface irrigation to crop, the device of described subsurface irrigation, comprise earth's surface supervisor 1, lower branch line 2 and driving lever support 7 on the ground, described earth's surface supervisor 1 is connected by snap joint 3 with ground lower branch line 2; Described ground driving lever support 7 comprises rack body 7-1 and the driving lever 7-2 be arranged on field, and described driving lever 7-2 is rotationally connected by the first rotating shaft 7-3 and described rack body 7-1; Be provided with a plurality of delivery ports 8 on the sidewall of a side of described ground lower branch line 2, in the outer setting of described delivery port 8, kuppe 9 arranged, be positioned at the kuppe 9 that lower branch line 2 one end places, ground arrange and be connected with described driving lever 7-2 by the first gangbar 10; Described whole kuppe 9 is connected with described the first gangbar 10 by the 3rd gangbar 12; Described kuppe 9 is provided with the second gangbar 11 on the position relative with delivery port 8, described the second gangbar 11 runs through and is arranged in described delivery port 8, also being provided with the screens parts in described ground lower branch line 2 is connected with described the second gangbar 11, for realizing the location to kuppe 9, prevent that kuppe 9 from all being hauled out;
The method of above-mentioned fixedly ridge culture, underground drip irrigation cultivation comprises that step is as follows:
(1) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, the ground lower branch line is embedded in underground, the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and burying underground in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan that spacing meets the JB/T8300-1999 regulation of described ground lower branch line is a kind of;
(2) ridging: at position, the ground ridging that is embedded with the ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, form the ridge body, row spacing 30-40cm wherein, the high 30-40cm in ridge; An end on described ridge is installed the driving lever support, and described driving lever is connected with the first gangbar;
(3) field management:
While watering to crop: by water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
While giving crop fertilization: by water pump, liquid manure is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
Utilize wheelbase and the agricultural machinery that ground lower branch line spacing adapts to travel at the ridge back, realize the operation of various fields; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sows soybean.
The method of a kind of fixedly ridge culture as described in Example 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, the crop that this embodiment cultivates is cotton.
The method of a kind of fixedly ridge culture as described in Example 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, on described the second gangbar 11 of subsurface irrigation device, is provided with steel wool 11-1.
The method of a kind of fixedly ridge culture as described in Example 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, at the described screens parts of subsurface irrigation device, comprises that many are the support bar 13 that umbrella is arranged.
The method of a kind of fixedly ridge culture as described in Example 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, in described the first gangbar 10 of subsurface irrigation device, with described driving lever 7-2, by the second rotating shaft 14, is connected.
The method of a kind of fixedly ridge culture as described in Example 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, at the top of the described kuppe 9 of subsurface irrigation device, is and is horizontally disposed with, bottom and the level of described kuppe are inclined to set.
As the method for 1 one kinds of fixedly ridge culture of embodiment, underground drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, at the described driving lever 7-2 of subsurface irrigation device, comprises ground lower beam 7-4 and ground upper boom 7-5, and the upper end of the bottom of described ground upper boom 7-5 and described ground lower beam 7-4 is threaded connection.
Method of work as the device of subsurface irrigation as described in embodiment 1-6 comprises that step is as follows:
(1) earth's surface of the device of subsurface irrigation supervisor 1 is connected with ground lower branch line 2, buries ground lower branch line 2 underground, driving lever support 7 on the ground is installed on ridge; Described driving lever 7-2 is connected with the first gangbar 10;
(2) when the device that utilizes subsurface irrigation carries out drip irrigation to crops, driving lever 7-2 by driving lever support 7, outside described the first gangbar 10 that links and the 3rd gangbar 12, move, drive described kuppe 9 to leave with described delivery port 8, the liquid manure that described drip irrigation is used enters stratum along described ground lower branch line 2, delivery port 8, kuppe 9;
(3) when the device without subsurface irrigation carries out drip irrigation to crops, driving lever 7-2 by driving lever support 7, move in described the first gangbar 10 and the 3rd gangbar 12 of linking, drive described kuppe 9 and described delivery port 8 closures, the liquid manure that described drip irrigation is used flows along described ground lower branch line 2.
Embodiment 7,
A kind of application of method on Wheat Maize Rotation farmland, level land, the North China Plain as fixedly ridge culture as described in embodiment 1,2, underground drip irrigation cultivation comprises that step is as follows:
(1) after autumn harvest, i.e. solar calendar early October, the leveling soil, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, utilize agricultural machinery to plough deeply soil;
(2) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, the ground lower branch line is embedded in underground, the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and burying underground in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan that spacing meets the JB/T8300-1999 regulation of described ground lower branch line is a kind of;
(3) ridging, at position, the ground ridging that is embedded with the ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, form the ridge body, row spacing 30-40cm wherein, the high 30-40cm in ridge; An end on described ridge is installed the driving lever support, and described driving lever is connected with the first gangbar;
(4) wheat season field management:
While watering to wheat: by water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
While giving wheat fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
Utilize wheelbase and the agricultural machinery that ground lower branch line spacing adapts to travel at the ridge back, realize the operation of various fields; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sows wheat;
(5) corn season field management:
After harvesting wheat, carry out corn seeding machinery live,
While watering to corn: by water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
While giving corn fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
Utilize wheelbase and the agricultural machinery that ground lower branch line spacing adapts to travel at the ridge back, realize the operation of various fields; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, seeding corn between adjacent ridge;
(6) next in season crop field management:
After harvest corn, original ridge is motionless, as the ridge body diminishes, again earth up, compacting, until row spacing 30-40cm, the high 30-40cm in ridge; Adopt the rotovator of operation wide cut corresponding to distance between the ridges, growth belt between ridge is turned over, repeating step (3), Wheat Maize Rotation goes round and begins again.
Table 1 be embodiment 1,2,7 described crops according to cultivation method of the present invention and existing cultivation method, the comparative trial table that rich water is absorbed.
Table 1
By table 1, find out, while utilizing the method for fixedly ridge culture of the present invention, underground drip irrigation cultivation to be cultivated crops, crops to water, fertile absorption ratio all far away higher than existing cultivation method.
Claims (7)
1. the method for a fixedly ridge culture, underground drip irrigation cultivation, the method utilizes the device of subsurface irrigation to realize the subsurface irrigation to crop, the device of described subsurface irrigation comprise earth's surface supervisor, lower branch line and driving lever support on the ground, described earth's surface supervisor is connected by snap joint with the ground lower branch line; Described ground driving lever support comprises rack body and the driving lever be arranged on field, and described driving lever is rotationally connected by the first rotating shaft and described rack body; Be provided with a plurality of delivery ports on the sidewall of a side of described ground lower branch line, in the outer setting of described delivery port, kuppe arranged, be positioned at the kuppe that lower branch line one end place, ground arranges and be connected with described driving lever by the first gangbar; Described whole kuppe is connected with described the first gangbar by the 3rd gangbar; Described kuppe is provided with the second gangbar on the position relative with delivery port, described the second gangbar runs through and is arranged in described delivery port, also being provided with the screens parts in described ground lower branch line is connected with described the second gangbar, for realizing the location to kuppe, prevent that kuppe from all being hauled out;
A kind of method of fixedly ridge culture, underground drip irrigation cultivation comprises that step is as follows:
(1) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, the ground lower branch line is embedded in underground, the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and burying underground in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan that spacing meets the JB/T8300-1999 regulation of described ground lower branch line is a kind of;
(2) ridging: at position, the ground ridging that is embedded with the ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, form the ridge body, row spacing 30-40cm wherein, the high 30-40cm in ridge; An end on described ridge is installed the driving lever support, and described driving lever is connected with the first gangbar;
(3) field management:
While watering to crop: by water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
While giving crop fertilization: by water pump, liquid manure is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
Utilize wheelbase and the agricultural machinery that ground lower branch line spacing adapts to travel at the ridge back, realize the operation of various fields; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sows crop.
2. the application of method on Wheat Maize Rotation farmland, level land, the North China Plain that fixedly ridge culture as claimed in claim 1, underground drip irrigation are cultivated, is characterized in that, comprises that step is as follows:
(1) after autumn harvest, i.e. solar calendar early October, the leveling soil, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, utilize agricultural machinery to plough deeply soil;
(2) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, the ground lower branch line is embedded in underground, the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and burying underground in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan that spacing meets the JB/T8300-1999 regulation of described ground lower branch line is a kind of;
(3) ridging, at position, the ground ridging that is embedded with the ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, form the ridge body, row spacing 30-40cm wherein, the high 30-40cm in ridge; An end on described ridge is installed the driving lever support, and described driving lever is connected with the first gangbar;
(4) wheat season field management:
While watering to wheat: by water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
While giving wheat fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
Utilize wheelbase and the agricultural machinery that ground lower branch line spacing adapts to travel at the ridge back, realize the operation of various fields; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sows wheat;
(5) corn season field management:
After harvesting wheat, carry out corn seeding machinery live,
While watering to corn: by water pump, water is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
While giving corn fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is responsible for and is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, by crop root, is directly absorbed and utilizes;
Utilize wheelbase and the agricultural machinery that ground lower branch line spacing adapts to travel at the ridge back, realize the operation of various fields; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, seeding corn between adjacent ridge;
(6) next in season crop field management:
After harvest corn, original ridge is motionless, as the ridge body diminishes, again earth up, compacting, until row spacing 30-40cm, the high 30-40cm in ridge; Adopt the rotovator of operation wide cut corresponding to distance between the ridges, growth belt between ridge is turned over, repeating step (3), Wheat Maize Rotation goes round and begins again.
3. the method for fixedly ridge culture according to claim 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, on described the second gangbar of the device of subsurface irrigation, is provided with steel wool.
4. the method for fixedly ridge culture according to claim 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, at the described screens parts of the device of subsurface irrigation, comprises that many are the support bar that umbrella is arranged.
5. the method for fixedly ridge culture according to claim 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, at the described kuppe of the device of subsurface irrigation, by the first gangbar, with described driving lever, by the second rotating shaft, is connected.
6. the method for fixedly ridge culture according to claim 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, at the top of the described kuppe of device of subsurface irrigation, is and is horizontally disposed with, and bottom and the level of described kuppe are inclined to set.
7. the method for fixedly ridge culture according to claim 1, underground drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, at the described driving lever of the device of subsurface irrigation, comprises ground lower beam and ground upper boom, and the upper end of the bottom of described ground upper boom and described ground lower beam is threaded connection.
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| CN104904562A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-16 | 山东农业大学 | Method for irrigating winter wheat according to root distribution |
| CN105340550A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-24 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Areca-vanilla intercropping planting method |
| CN106922488A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of corn drip irrigation device |
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