CN104823625A - Whole-process mechanized production mode for sugar cane planting - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a whole-process mechanized production mode for sugar cane planting in sugar cane area in China. Newly planted sugar cane is subjected to mechanized sugar cane stubble breaking and leaf breaking, deep scarifying with the thickness of 0.7m, deep ploughing with the thickness of 0.5m, reserving large row spacing of 1.2-1.3m and small row spacing of 0.6-0.5m, fertilizing at the bottom of rows, covering with thin soil layer, sowing, covering soil, covering film, embedding leaking and dropping pipe in small row spacing of 0.25 to 0.3m, spraying of weedkiller between the rows, integrated drip irrigating of water, fertilizer and pesticide, preventing and treating of plant disease and insect pests, intertilling and hilling up, cutting and harvesting, loading and transporting, and cleaning treatments. In the next year, sugar cane roots are subjected to mechanized ridge breaking, fertilizing, soil restoring, leveling, weedkiller spraying, film covering, spraying weedkiller between rows, integrated drip irrigating of water, fertilizer and pesticide, preventing and treating plant disease and insect pests through spraying, intertilling and hilling up, cutting into segments, loading and transporting, and cleaning treatments. The whole-process mechanized production mode saves labor, is high in efficiency, and good in social, economical and biological benefits, and solves the contradiction that the traditional sugar cane is not suitable for mechanized working in China, is an effective way for achieving high yield and high sugar content of sugar cane, and is wide in population and application prospects.

Description

A kind of cane planting entire mechanization production model

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural production mechanical field, specifically a kind of integrated agronomy in sugarcane district, south China subtropics that is applicable to combines with agricultural machinery, carries out brokenly the broken leaf of sugarcane stubble, subsoiling, deep ploughing, the fertilising of trench digging pipe laying is sowed, earthing is plain, epiphragma, spills that weeding closed by weed killer herbicide, water, fertilizer, medicine integrated drop irrigation, spraying desinsection, cultivation and banking, results entrucking are transported, the plantation entire mechanization production model of sugarcane cleaning treatment to sugarcane.

Background technology

Current China sugarcane production Mechanization Level is relatively on the low side, except links such as ploughing whole, transport realizes except mechanization substantially, people's animal power labor type is still widely used in the basic links such as cane planting, field management and results, inefficiency, labour intensity are large, there is larger restriction in the scale management for China's sugarcane production, directly has influence on the raising of sugarcane grower's income and sugar enterprise's benefit.Therefore, the development of China's sugarcane production mechanization just seems particularly urgent.Narrow (0.8-1.0 rice) line-spacing cropping pattern that present stage 1 is traditional and machinery (large and medium-sized tractor and combine operation wheelspan about 1.8 meters) do not match, be not suitable with do mechanization operation, even if results aspect adopts external advanced efficient cutting type combine results sugarcane also because line-spacing is not right, existence pressure off-barring the cane limit results cause and overwhelm limit, ridge sugarcane and limit, compacting ridge Influence To Soil stubble cane Second Year growth phenomenon, limit its application; 2 shallow plowing shallow sowings, limit, ridge are applied fertilizer, cause intertillage training high ridge to grow cane root system deeply, easily lodge; 3 affect lack of water because plantation growing period is subject to arid climate or adopts leaching filling, sprinkling irrigation waste water source fertilizer loss, and ground drip irrigation pipeline hampers mechanization (particularly grain header results sugarcane) operation; 4 because sugarcane is manually gathered in the crops, to cut stubble high, and perennial root Second Year rudiment nutrient on soil is not enough, and seedling is weak, seedling is irregular uneven, thus affects output; 5 make stubble cane rudiment reduce year by year due to above-mentioned 4 traditional planting patternss, and output reduces year by year, within general 3rd year, just eliminate; After 6 artificial harvesting sugarcanes, a large amount of sugarcane leaf heaps sugarcane field, have a strong impact on the subsequent job (as broken ridge, ploughing the ridging operation of even arriving Seedling of Sugarcane Under Water Stress) to sugarcane field, mostly adopt now on-site incineration or solved by the method for manually moving, adopt the method for on-site incineration, although simple, valuable organic fertilizer resource is wasted, and a large amount of smog severe contamination air produced, cause the pollution of environment, affect the normal life of the people.Adopt the method for manually moving, then need to spend a large amount of manpowers, sugarcane leaf is as good fertilizer, is not used and causes the wasting of resources; 7 China sugar refinery are more containing silt impurity to the state Inner external cutting off formula grain header results cut-out sugarcane of maturation at present, sugarcane groove enters in sugar refinery in current China does not have cleaning treatment facility and transport process ability, silt impurity causes sugar refinery sugar manufacturing machinery wearing and tearing large more, processing cost strengthens, and sugar refinery cuts off sugarcane to cutting type grain header results and do not welcome very much; There is lodging and the bending whole bar harvest machinery results easily blocking had at present in 8 sugarcanes, harvesting poor reliability, is only in test, demonstration phase.These all hinder the development of sugarcane mechanization.The present invention seeks to for above-mentioned different many impacts and mechanical work deficiency factor, agronomy combines integrated by Gen Ju China sugarcane district actual conditions with agricultural machinery, a kind of work flow is provided to be applicable to China's sugarcane district present stage do mechanization operation, the cane planting entire mechanization production model that laborsaving saving of labor, efficiency are high, economic, social, profitable on ecology.

Invention Inner holds

The implementation of the object of the invention is the cane planting entire mechanization production model that provided a kind of agronomy combines integrated with agricultural machinery, Main Agronomic require and mechanization workflow as follows:

1. agriculture requirement: carry out the broken leaf of heavy duty harrow breaking to field sugarcane leaf, increases the soil organic matter, effectively improves soil, avoid hardening, increasing soil drought resisting soil moisture conservation, avoid sugarcane leaf to burn, contaminated environment, and be conducive to subsequent job (even arriving the ridging operation of Seedling of Sugarcane Under Water Stress as ploughed); Carry out 0.7 meter of subsoiling to sugarcane ground soil, then carry out 0.5 meter of deep ploughing to soil, create the plow layer of " dark, loose, fertile, broken ", fully meet the requirement of sugarcane to moisture, nutriment and air, favourable guarantor's retaining divides and stores nutrition; Carry out the Planting Row Distance of large (1.8 meters) little (0.5-0.6 rice) row, what ensure that sugarcane production is subject to photosensitiveness, meet the area line number of cane planting, ensure that the strain number of sugarcane production, adapting to the road wheels such as big machinery equalization tractor, sprayer, reaping machine apart from requiring; At the bottom of plantation row, first use sufficient fertilizer and carry out that thin soil is plain to be sowed again, being conducive to the development of sugarcane root system, improving sugarcane strain capacity for the resistance to lodging; At little buried (0.25-0.3 rice) seeping and dripping pipe in the ranks of plantation two, implement the water-saving irrigation of sugarcane water-fertilizer integral, the availability of water, fertilizer, medicine is high, laborsaving saving of labor, be beneficial to again sugarcane mechanization results, stubble cane epiphragma in spring insulation dripping irrigation makes stubble cane germination rate high, can keep sugarcane yield at about 8 years, the manpower that the number of times reducing sowing is spent and sugarcane kind amount; High efficiency cutting type sugarcane combine level land cutting results, chopping sugarcane leaf also field, it is fast that underground sugarcane rudiment sends soil, the next bud is many, improve germination rate, add productive tiller, broken sugarcane leaf also field increases the soil organic matter, effective improvement soil, avoid hardening, increasing soil drought resisting soil moisture conservation, avoid sugarcane leaf to burn, contaminated environment; For application cutting type sugarcane combine results, cut off before sugarcane raw material sugarcane enters groove and clean silt impurity, avoid sugar refinery sugar manufacturing machinery wearing and tearing large, processing cost strengthens.

2. entire mechanization workflow:

(1) new plant cane:

Field drag breaks sugarcane stubble, broken leaf; Subsoiling plow trench plow subsoiling; Trench plow is ploughed deeply; Field drag hack is smooth; Sugarcane is started pipe laying fertilising joint implant machine and opens the capable plantation row ditch of large (1.8 meters) little (0.5-0.6 rice) to sugarcane, ditch base fertilizer sows earthing pressing after covering thin soil, two little trench cuttings in the ranks (0.25-0.3 rice) bury seeping and dripping pipe underground, spraying herbicide and lid mulch film (or with sugarcane start pipe laying fertilising joint implant machine open size Hang Gou, ditch base fertilizer, cover thin soil, sow back native plain, bury seeping and dripping pipe underground, spray film convering machine to the sugarcane capable enforcement spraying herbicide after plain and lid mulch film); Backpack spraying machine sugarcane spraying herbicide in the ranks; Water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation system water, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals drip irrigation; High-clearance sprayer is sprayed anti-smelting damage by disease and insect; High-clearance intertill banking machine cultivation and banking; Cutting type sugarcane combine, transport vehicle results, entrucking transport; Sugarcane cleaning machine cleaning sugarcane; Raw material sugarcane enters groove (sugar refinery).

(2) stubble cane

Broken ridge Fertilizing film overlying machine implements that stubble cane breaks ridge, apply fertilizer back native plain, spraying herbicide and lid mulch film (or break ridge, fertilising with broken ridge fertilizer distributor enforcement stubble cane, return with the plain machine of earthing native plain again, spray film convering machine spraying herbicide and lid mulch film); Backpack spraying machine sugarcane spraying herbicide in the ranks; Water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation system water, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals drip irrigation; High-clearance sprayer is sprayed anti-smelting damage by disease and insect; High-clearance intertill banking machine cultivation and banking; Segmenting type sugar cane combine harvester, transport vehicle results, entrucking transport; Sugarcane cleaning equipment is to the cleaning of cut-out sugarcane; The sugarcane groove squeezing of raw material sugarcane sugar entering factory.

The present invention specifically a kind of China's sugarcane district agronomy that is applicable to combines integrated with agricultural machinery, the broken leaf of sugarcane stubble is carried out brokenly to sugarcane, subsoiling, deep ploughing, thin soil sowing is covered in the fertilising of trench digging pipe laying, earthing is plain, spraying herbicide and lid mulch film, spill weed killer herbicide in the ranks and close weeding, liquid manure agricultural chemicals drip irrigation, to spray anti-smelting damage by disease and insect, cultivation and banking, results entrucking transport, the plantation entire mechanization production model of sugarcane cleaning treatment, save labor, efficiency is high, there is good society, economical, ecological benefits, solve the traditional cane planting of China and the incompatible contradiction of do mechanization operation, realize the some effective that sugarcane " high yield and high sugar " plants, popularizing application prospect is wide.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the workflow diagram of a kind of cane planting new plant cane of the present invention mechanization production pattern.

Fig. 2 is the workflow diagram of a kind of cane planting stubble cane of the present invention mechanization production pattern.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with workflow diagram, the invention will be further described, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2:

New plant cane, adopts the outstanding heavy-duty disc harrow that draws of big-powered tractor to carry out anyhow two pointing out sugarcane stubble, broken leaf frankly to sugarcane after harvesting sugarcane, adopt big-powered tractor to hang subsoiling plow and 0.7 meter of dark subsoiling of twice is anyhow carried out to soil, trench plow is drawn to carry out 0.5 meter of deep ploughing to soil with big-powered tractor is outstanding, big-powered tractor is outstanding draws heavy-duty disc harrow smooth to soil hack, start pipe laying fertilising joint implant machine enforcement cane planting with big-powered tractor suspension sugarcane and open size (large row 1.8 meters, little row 0.5-0.6 rice) row ditch, row ditch base fertilizer covers thin soil to be sowed back native plain, two little trench cuttings in the ranks (0.25-0.3 rice) bury seeping and dripping pipe underground, spraying herbicide and lid mulch film (or draw sugarcane to start pipe laying fertilising joint implant machine to open size row ditch with tractor is outstanding, ditch base fertilizer, cover thin soil, sow back soil plain, bury seeping and dripping pipe underground, hang to draw with tractor afterwards and spray film convering machine to the sugarcane capable enforcement spraying herbicide after plain and lid mulch film), with tractor suspension backpack spraying machine, spraying herbicide is carried out to the sugarcane after epiphragma in the ranks and close weeding, in connection, water-fertilizer integral water-saving irrigation system implements water, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals drip irrigation by supporting agronomy, hang knapsack sprayer with high-arch tractor to spray anti-smelting damage by disease and insect, adopt high-arch tractor to hang cultivator-hiller and carry out cultivation and banking, adopt segmenting type sugar cane combine harvester, transport vehicle results and entrucking transport, with sugarcane cleaning equipment cleaning segment sugarcane silt impurity, the sugarcane groove squeezing of raw material sugarcane sugar entering factory.

After Second Year, stubble cane adopts tractor outstanding to pull open that ridge Fertilizing film overlying machine implements that stubble cane breaks ridge, apply fertilizer back native plain, spraying herbicide and lid mulch film (or break ridge, fertilising with broken ridge fertilizer distributor enforcement stubble cane, return soil with the plain machine of earthing more plain, rear tractor hangs to draw and sprays film convering machine to the sugarcane capable enforcement spraying herbicide after plain and lid mulch film); With tractor suspension backpack spraying machine, spraying herbicide is carried out to the sugarcane after epiphragma in the ranks and close weeding; Then press agronomy by efficient water-saving irrigation system and implement water, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals drip irrigation; High-arch tractor sprayer is adopted to spray anti-smelting damage by disease and insect; Adopt high-arch tractor to hang cultivator-hiller and implement cultivation and banking; Adopt segmenting type sugar cane combine harvester, transport vehicle results, entrucking transport; The cleaning of sugarcane cleaning equipment is adopted to cut off sugarcane silt impurity; The sugarcane groove squeezing of raw material sugarcane sugar entering factory.

Claims (1)

1. a cane planting entire mechanization production model, is characterized in that: specifically new plant cane adopts field drag to carrying out brokenly sugarcane stubble, broken leaf after harvesting sugarcane sugarcane; Subsoiling, trench plow carry out 0.7 meter of subsoiling, 0.5 deep ploughing to soil; Sugarcane pipe laying planting machinery is opened large (1.8 meters) little (0.5-0.6 rice) plant row ditch to sugarcane, and row ditch base fertilizer is carried out thin soil and sow back native plain, two little in the ranks buried (0.25-0.3 rice) seeping and dripping pipe, spraying herbicide and lid mulch films; Backpack spraying machine in the ranks spraying herbicide closes weeding; Seeping and dripping pipe connects upper water-fertilizer integral water-saving irrigation system and implements water, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals drip irrigation; Overhead sprayer is sprayed anti-smelting damage by disease and insect; Cultivator-hiller cultivation and banking; Cutting type sugarcane combine, transport vehicle results, entrucking transport; Sugarcane silt impurity is cut off in the cleaning of sugarcane cleaning equipment; The sugarcane groove squeezing of raw material sugarcane sugar entering factory., after Second Year stubble cane adopt broken ridge Fertilizing film overlying machine tool to implement stubble cane breaks ridge, apply fertilizer back native plain, spraying herbicide and lid mulch film; Backpack spraying machine in the ranks spraying herbicide closes weeding; Seeping and dripping pipe connects upper water-fertilizer integral water-saving irrigation system and implements water, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals drip irrigation; Overhead sprayer is sprayed anti-smelting damage by disease and insect; Cultivator-hiller cultivation and banking; Cutting type sugarcane combine, transport vehicle results, entrucking transport; Sugarcane silt impurity is cut off in the cleaning of sugarcane cleaning equipment; The cane planting entire mechanization production model of raw material sugarcane sugar entering factory sugarcane groove squeezing.