CN108029415A - The water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree - Google Patents
The water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN108029415A CN108029415A CN201711030471.7A CN201711030471A CN108029415A CN 108029415 A CN108029415 A CN 108029415A CN 201711030471 A CN201711030471 A CN 201711030471A CN 108029415 A CN108029415 A CN 108029415A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The present invention relates to fruit tree trickle irrigation cultivation field, particularly a kind of water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree.The present invention is proposed using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system as basic platform, with reference to Root growth and micro-nano bubble oxygenation technology, realize the in due course regulation and control of liquid manure gas, by way of covering ecological pad, inter-row green covering between strain, the purpose of the water-saving of soil, water storage, insulation, fertilizer conservation, reduction pest and disease damage, the raising content of organic matter and fruit tree are increased production, are quenched is finally reached.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree trickle irrigation cultivation field, particularly a kind of water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drop of Cold region apple fruit tree
Irrigation culture method.
Background technology
The height of cultivation of fruit tree administrative skill directly affects the economic benefit in orchard.In modern agriculture, people are gradual
From fruit yield is concerned about, steering increasingly focuses on fruit quality.The agricultural product of high-quality can not only meet the market demand, and energy
More preferable economic benefit is createed, this requires the advanced cultivation of fruit tree of modernization and administrative skill does backing.Cold region apple
The resistance in soil, the utilization rate of illumination and fruit tree can be improved, reaches early result, yield height, the convenient effect of management, therefore
Cold region apple has become one of global orchard planting the latest development direction.But the planting cost of Cold region apple fruit tree and management into
This is far above common orchard, and high cost input necessarily pursues high output, and quality-improving becomes solves Cold region apple orchard
The key point of this problem of high cost investment.
Good fruit quality is exactly to need to allow the environment such as the water of root zone of fruit tree, fertilizer, gas to be maintained at a preferable shape well
State.The requirement of different fruit trees, different growing to root area microhabitat be it is different, can by regulation and control root area microhabitat and then
Regulate and control selectivity and absorption and use efficiency of the crop root zone to Nutrient Absorption.Desirable regulation state is to water, fertilizer, gas according to crop
Demand carry out in due course supply, it is necessary to supply water just can supply water, it is necessary to which moisture is fallen with regard to that can fall, it is necessary to apply fertilizer with regard to that can apply
Fertilizer is, it is necessary to which oxygenation just can oxygenation.Also there is the new type management technology that part is directed to orchard both at home and abroad, (Patent publication No is by Wu Gang etc.
CN103828673A a kind of orchard management technology) is disclosed, which realizes the suitable of root zone of fruit tree water and nutrient using trickle irrigation
When supply, but cannot reduce Soil Moisture Content during Rainy Seasons, adjust crop root zone oxygen atmosphere, and then regulate and control nutrient uptake and utilization effect
Rate；Xiao Weis etc. (Patent publication No CN105165540A) disclose a kind of protected fruit trees water, fertilizer, gas automation, integration cultivation
Culture method, the Technology application drip irrigation technique realize the technology of liquid manure gas integral, have reached root zone of fruit tree liquid manure gas and have adjusted in due course
Control, but aerating is using air compressor by the way of, air output and aerating total amount is bad controls and cost is higher, bubble is big
And stack effect is easily produced, cause aerating efficiency low, be not easy to promote, at the same time can't carry out in due course draining, easily make
Orchard produces damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
For this reason, the present invention using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system as basic platform, constructs the fruit such as regulation and control water, fertilizer, gas in due course
The trickle irrigation cultivation of tree root area microhabitat regulates and controls ideal structure body in due course, it is proposed that liquid manure controlled atmosphere control state modulator threshold value, finally carries
Go out collaboration and consider the agronomic technique of ecological pad covering+inter-row green covering and optimal mould under water-saving, fertilizer conservation, the tree for reducing pest and disease damage
Formula.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes one kind using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system as basic platform, with reference to Root growth and micro-nano gas
Oxygenation technology is steeped, the in due course regulation and control of liquid manure gas is realized, by way of covering ecological pad, inter-row green covering between strain, reaches soil
The purpose of water storage, insulation, the content of organic matter improve, draws suitably with reference to micro-nano bubble oxygenation, rational irrigation fertilization system
The planting technology pattern of fruit tree, concrete technical scheme are as follows：
A kind of shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system, including field pipe-line system, fertilization system and oxygen-enrichment system；
The field pipe-line system includes water source, water pump, filter, water meter, valve, pressure gauge, main pipe, branch pipe and trickle irrigation
Pipe 3 (drip irrigation zone)；
Water pump in the field pipe-line system is equipped with pump intake and pump outlet, the pump intake and water
Source connects, and the pump outlet is sequentially connected filter, water meter, valve and pressure gauge, and the other end of the pressure gauge connects
Main pipe is connect, the main pipe is connected with branch pipe by threeway, and the branch pipe is bypassed with drip irrigation pipe 3 by drip irrigation zone or threeway phase
Even；
The fertilization system includes trickle irrigation and stores up fertile bucket, fertilization system inlet pipe, special fertilizing pump, fertilization system outlet pipe and check
Valve；
Special fertilizing pump in the fertilization system is equipped with special fertilizing pump inlet and special fertilizing pump discharge, described special
Fertilising pump inlet is stored up fertile bucket with trickle irrigation by fertilization system inlet pipe and is connected, and the special fertilizing pump discharge passes through fertilization system outlet pipe
Accessed with threeway in the main pipe of the shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system, installed between fertilization system outlet pipe and threeway and be equipped with check
Valve；
The oxygen-enrichment system includes oxygen-enrichment system water inlet pipe, micro-nano bubble generator and oxygen-enrichment system outlet pipe；It is described
Micro-nano bubble generator includes oxygen (air) source or ozone source, air pump, micro-nano bubble generator water pump, water vapor mixing chamber
And booster pump；
Micro-nano bubble generator in the oxygen-enrichment system is equipped with micro-nano bubble generator water inlet and micro-nano gas
Generator water outlet is steeped, the micro-nano bubble generator water inlet is connected by oxygen-enrichment system water inlet pipe with water source, the oxygen
Source of the gas or ozone source are connected with air pump one end, and the other end of air pump is communicated with micro-nano bubble generator water inlet, and and micro-nano
One end connection of rice bubble generator water pump, the other end of micro-nano bubble generator water pump and one end of water vapor mixing chamber connect
Connect, the other end of water vapor mixing chamber and one end of booster pump connect, the other end of booster pump and micro-nano bubble generator water outlet
Mouth communicates, and the micro-nano bubble generator water outlet passes through oxygen-enrichment system outlet pipe and threeway accesses the shallow embedding formula trickle irrigation and fills
In the main pipe for irrigating system.
A kind of water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree, fills using above-mentioned shallow embedding formula trickle irrigation
System is irrigate, is included the following steps：
Step 1：Mechanical ditching, ridging：It is positive in pre-set planting fruit trees row both sides first by power traction formula one way plough
Trench digging, rotary tillage machine rotary tillage is used after base fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, i.e., full farming face fertilising；Secondly power traction formula one way plough is used
Reverse operation, forms preliminary ridge；Finally improving and drip irrigation pipe 3 for ridge face is carried out using the special ridging pipe laying all-in-one machine of fruit tree
It is laid with；
Step 2：Dig cave field planting：The excavation of planting pit is carried out using the special earth auger of fruit tree；
Step 3：Perform agronomic measures：The agronomic measures of strain parabiosis pad covering+inter-row green covering are used in orchard；
Step 4：The gentle in due course regulation and control of water, fertilizer are carried out using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system；
The gentle in due course regulation and control of the water, fertilizer include moisture habitat regulation, nutrient habitat regulation and gas habitat regulation；
The regulation and control method of the moisture habitat regulation is specially：According to the target output of fruit tree, soil moisture content situation and
The law of needing the water of each growing stage of fruit tree, and combine the irrigation that the local rainfall of monthly average for many years determines fruit tree different bearing stage
Number, irrigating water quota and irrigation norm, when the soil moisture content of fruit tree growth is less than the 60% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil, carry out
Trickle irrigation is irrigated, and when the soil moisture content of fruit tree growth is higher than the 80% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil, carries out draining；
The regulation and control method of the nutrient habitat regulation is specially：Produced according to the soil measurement formula of local soil, the target of fruit tree
The performance of amount, the regulation of fertilizer requirement of fruit tree and different fertilizer determines the Fertilizer Type and dose of fruit tree different bearing stage, and leads to
Cross the special fertilizing pump and solution is supplied to root zone of fruit tree, equal Fertilizers of pouring water every time；
The regulation and control method of the gas habitat regulation is specially：According to the soil porosity of various regions and fruit tree root system to lacking
Whether the tolerance degree of Oxdative stress, determine fruit tree different bearing stage using the micro-nano air-bubble of micro-nano bubble generator generation
Solution, the suitable threshold limit value of aerating mass concentration is 10~12.5mg/L, eventually through the shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system
It is supplied to root zone of fruit tree.
Based on the above technical solutions, the form of fracture on ridge described in step 1 is fillet trapezoid, ridge a height of 15~
25cm, row spacing (bottom) are 0.8~1.2m, and ridge face (upper bottom) is arranged to 0.6~0.8m, the ridge face of section and the length ratio of row spacing
For 0.6~0.8.
Based on the above technical solutions, planting pit size described in the step 2 be long 40~50cm × wide by 40~
50cm × 30~40cm of depth.
Based on the above technical solutions, in the step 3, the specific steps of the inter-row green covering include：
Step 31：Site preparation；
Step 32：Use sufficient base fertilizer；
Step 33：Grass seeds is broadcasted sowing in drilling, and depth of planting is 0.6~1.5cm.
Based on the above technical solutions, the kind of the grass seeds includes legume；The legume includes black
Beans, soya bean, mung bean, pea, broad bean, hair tongue, Trifolium repense, red clover, alfalfa 1, crowtoe.
Based on the above technical solutions, when the grass seeds is Trifolium repense, red clover, alfalfa 1, the amount of broadcasting is by reality
Areal calculation is broadcast, the amount of broadcasting is 40~50g per acre.
Based on the above technical solutions, in step 3, according to the cross dimensions on the ridge, select between supporting strain
Ecological pad, and direct motion is laid with two layers；The ecological pad is petate 2.
Based on the above technical solutions, the drip irrigation pipe 3 uses protection against rodents insect bite dedicated pipe, wall thickness for 0.4~
0.6mm；The drip irrigation pipe 3 takes the mode of " two pipe a line " to arrange that the water dropper spacing of drip irrigation pipe 3 is set according to the spacing in the rows of fruit tree
Fixed, buried depth is 5~10cm.
Based on the above technical solutions, the water dropper spacing of the drip irrigation pipe 3 is the half of spacing in the rows.
Based on the above technical solutions, the soil measurement formula of the soil includes soil background values.
The invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention proposes a kind of water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree.With shallow embedding
Formula drip irrigation system is basic platform, with reference to water-fertilizer integral, micro-nano bubble oxygenation technology, Root growth, clayed aluminium alloy
Etc. technology, root zone of fruit tree water, fertilizer, the preferable knot of trickle irrigation cultivation regulation and control in due course of Qi Denggen areas microhabitat can be regulated and controled in due course by constructing
Structure body, realize to fruit tree need supply water just can supply water, it is necessary to moisture fall with regard to can fall, it is necessary to apply fertilizer just can apply fertilizer,
Needing oxygenation, just energy oxygenation, i.e. liquid manure gas are fed in due course, the in due course controlling and cultivating that excessive moisture excludes at any time.
(2) present invention proposes dripping irrigation water fat gas integration irrigation fertilization oxygenation pattern and the control of suitable Cold region apple fruit tree
Threshold value processed, alleviates liquid manure and applies the problem of fruit quality caused by unreasonable and plant roots area poor air permeability is poor.Propose
Drip irrigation pipe 3 and micro-nano bubble hair in the liquid manure gas integral regulation and control shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system in suitable Cold region apple orchard
The system of selection of raw device and liquid manure gas etc. and control parameter, it is determined that root zone of fruit tree liquid manure controlled atmosphere control threshold range.Due to answering
With oxygenation irrigation, therefore while crop liquid manure utilization ratio is significantly improved, it also should suitably reduce irrigation quantity and apply
Fertilizer amount.
(3) underground drip irrigation proposed by the present invention, Root growth, the covering of strain parabiosis pad and many kinds of measures such as inter-row green covering in
The Cold region apple orchard agronomic culture technology of one.The Root growth technology of proposition, devises the section that row spacing is 0.8~1.2m
Shape is the ridge of fillet isosceles trapezoid, realizes the purpose drained flooded fields in due course；The strain parabiosis pad covering of proposition and inter-row green covering phase
With reference to covered ground mode, it is determined that the adapted varieties of inter-row green covering, implantation time, planting density etc., effectively reduce ground
The evaporation in face, plays soil moisture conservation, anti-careless effect.
(4) the purpose of technical scheme realizes in due course regulate and control, is water-saving, increases production, is quenched on the whole.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention has drawings described below：
Regulation and control ideal structure body line-spacing, ecological pad cover and inter-row green covering arrangement schematic diagram the cultivation of Fig. 1 trickle irrigations in due course.
Regulation and control ideal structure body spacing in the rows arranges schematic diagram to the cultivation of Fig. 2 trickle irrigations in due course.
The section configuration and drip irrigation pipe layout position illustration on Fig. 3 ridges.
Reference numeral：1 alfalfa, 2 petates, 3 drip irrigation pipes.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes one kind using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system as basic platform, with reference to Root growth and micro-nano gas
Oxygenation technology is steeped, the in due course regulation and control of liquid manure gas is realized, by way of covering ecological pad, inter-row green covering between strain, reaches soil
The purpose of water storage, insulation, the content of organic matter improve, draws suitably with reference to micro-nano bubble oxygenation, rational irrigation fertilization system
The planting technology pattern of fruit tree, concrete technical scheme are as follows：
1. the structure of shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system
A kind of water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree, construct can regulate and control in due course water,
The trickle irrigation cultivation of the root zone of fruit tree such as fertilizer, gas microhabitat regulates and controls ideal structure body in due course.Trickle irrigation cultivation regulates and controls ideal structure in due course
Body mainly carries out the in due course regulation and control of liquid manure gas using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system and ridging technology.
When fruit tree root system lacks liquid manure gas, liquid manure gas " a small amount of multiple " can be carried out using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system
In due course supply, avoiding because while lacking the low yield caused by liquid manure etc., turn avoid liquid manure it is excessive and caused by water
The problems such as fruit poor quality, flavor is not good enough.
Shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system includes field pipe-line system, fertilization system and oxygen-enrichment system.
Field pipe-line system includes water source, water pump, filter, water meter, valve, pressure gauge, main pipe, branch pipe and drip irrigation pipe 3
Deng the water pump in the pipe-line system of field is equipped with pump intake and pump outlet, and pump intake is connected with water source, and water pumps out
The mouth of a river is sequentially connected filter, water meter, valve and pressure gauge, the other end connection main pipe of pressure gauge, and main pipe passes through with branch pipe
Threeway is connected, and branch pipe is bypassed with drip irrigation pipe 3 by drip irrigation zone or threeway is connected；
Fertilization system includes trickle irrigation and stores up fertile bucket, fertilization system inlet pipe, special fertilizing pump, fertilization system outlet pipe and non-return valve；
Special fertilizing pump in fertilization system is equipped with special fertilizing pump inlet and special fertilizing pump discharge, and special fertilizing pump inlet is by applying
Fertile system inlet pipe stores up fertile bucket with trickle irrigation and is connected, and special fertilizing pump discharge accesses the shallow embedding formula by fertilization system outlet pipe and threeway
In the main pipe of drip irrigation system, and installation is equipped with non-return valve between fertilization system outlet pipe and threeway.
Oxygen-enrichment system includes oxygen-enrichment system water inlet pipe, micro-nano bubble generator and oxygen-enrichment system outlet pipe；
Micro-nano bubble generator includes source of oxygen or ozone source, air pump, water pump, water vapor mixing chamber and booster pump；
Micro-nano bubble generator in oxygen-enrichment system is equipped with micro-nano bubble generator water inlet and micro-nano bubble is sent out
Raw device water outlet, micro-nano bubble generator water inlet are connected by oxygen-enrichment system water inlet pipe with water source, source of oxygen or ozone source
Be connected with air pump one end, the other end of air pump is communicated with micro-nano bubble generator water inlet, and with micro-nano bubble generator
One end connection of water pump, the other end of micro-nano bubble generator water pump and one end of water vapor mixing chamber connect, water vapor mixing chamber
The other end and booster pump one end connect, the other end of booster pump is communicated with micro-nano bubble generator water outlet, micro-nano
Bubble generator water outlet is accessed in the main pipe of shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system by oxygen-enrichment system outlet pipe and threeway.
A kind of 2. water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree, using above-mentioned shallow embedding formula trickle irrigation
Irrigation system, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Mechanical ditching, ridging：It is positive in pre-set planting fruit trees row both sides first by power traction formula one way plough
Trench digging, rotary tillage machine rotary tillage is used after base fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, i.e., full farming face fertilising；Secondly power traction formula one way plough is used
Reverse operation, forms preliminary ridge；Finally improving and drip irrigation pipe 3 for ridge face is carried out using the special ridging pipe laying all-in-one machine of fruit tree
It is laid with；
Step 2：Dig cave field planting：The excavation of planting pit is carried out using the special earth auger of fruit tree；
Step 3：Perform agronomic measures：Using Agricultural Water Saving water logging control such as strain parabiosis pad covering+inter-row green coverings in orchard
Fertilizer conservation technical measures, achieve the purpose that water-saving water drainage and effective pre- preventing disease and pest；
Step 4：The gentle in due course regulation and control of water, fertilizer are carried out using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system；
The gentle in due course regulation and control of the water, fertilizer include moisture habitat regulation, nutrient habitat regulation and gas habitat regulation.
Method presents the technology mode of rational fruit tree dripping irrigation water fat gas integration irrigation fertilization oxygenation, have selected suitable
Suitable flow, spacing, the drip irrigation pipe of wall thickness 3, arrange the shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system of "+oxygenation of pouring water+apply fertilizer ", and pass through
This shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system has carried out the supply of water, fertilizer, gas.
The regulation and control method of the moisture habitat regulation is specially：The flow of water is selected according to the soil types of various regions.According to
The law of needing the water of the target output of fruit tree, soil moisture content situation and each growing stage of fruit tree, and combine local more days and put down
Equal rainfall determines irrigation frequency, irrigating water quota and the irrigation norm of fruit tree different bearing stage." two is presented in most of fruit trees
It is small, broad in the middle " law of needing the water, and the soil moisture content of suitable fruit tree growth is the 60%~80% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil,
I.e. when the soil moisture content of fruit tree growth is less than the 60% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil, trickle irrigation irrigation is carried out, when fruit tree growth
When soil moisture content is higher than the 80% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil, draining is carried out.More traditional irrigation method is compared, using trickle irrigation
Afterwards, the whole irrigation in growing period number of fruit tree increases considerably, generally 7~15 times, and the more conventional irrigation of total amount of pouring water reduces
15%~20%.
The regulation and control method of the nutrient habitat regulation is specially：Produced according to the soil measurement formula of local soil, the target of fruit tree
The performance of amount, the regulation of fertilizer requirement of fruit tree and different fertilizer determines the Fertilizer Type and dose of fruit tree different bearing stage, and leads to
Cross the special fertilizing pump and solution is supplied to root zone of fruit tree, equal Fertilizers of pouring water every time, the more conventional fertilising of total fertilization amount subtracts
Lack 10%~15%.
The regulation and control method of the gas habitat regulation is specially：According to the soil porosity of various regions and fruit tree root system to lacking
Whether the tolerance degree of Oxdative stress, determine fruit tree different bearing stage using the micro-nano air-bubble of micro-nano bubble generator generation
Solution, and propose that the suitable threshold limit value of aerating mass concentration is 10~12.5mg/L, irrigated eventually through shallow embedding formula trickle irrigation
System is supplied to root zone of fruit tree, and then improves the gaseous environment of root zone of fruit tree.
When fruit tree root tissue water status is excessive, the Root growth technology for being capable of the water logging control of draining in time should be utilized, is exempted from making fruit tree
While except damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, ensure the quality and flavor of fruit.Root growth can both drain flooded fields in due course, avoid fruit tree root system because for a long time
By hypoxia death caused by damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, and consider that draining is smooth and facilitates orchard worker to operate.Root growth technology is mainly wrapped
Include section design and the construction on ridge.The section design on ridge mainly includes ridge shape, ridge height, row spacing etc.；The main side of consideration of the construction on ridge
Just orchard worker's operation, beauty etc..
Based on the above technical solutions, the form of fracture on ridge described in step 1 is fillet trapezoid, ridge a height of 15~
25cm, row spacing are 0.8~1.2m, and ridge face is arranged to 0.6~0.8m, in order to meet Popular Aesthetics, the ridge face of section and row spacing
Length ratio is 0.6~0.8.
Based on the above technical solutions, planting pit size described in the step 2 be long 40~50cm × wide by 40~
50cm × 30~40cm of depth.
Based on the above technical solutions, in the step 3, the specific steps of the inter-row green covering include：
Step 31：Site preparation；
Step 32：Use sufficient base fertilizer；
Step 33：Grass seeds is broadcasted sowing in drilling, and depth of planting is 0.6~1.5cm.
The soil erosion caused by the mode of traditional clear weeding, the soil organism can be reduced using inter-row green covering
And various nutrient contents reductions etc., while can also avoid the problem that weedy in orchard and carry out liquid manure competition with fruit tree.
Based on the above technical solutions, the kind of the grass seeds includes legume；The legume includes black
Beans, soya bean, mung bean, pea, broad bean, hair tongue, Trifolium repense, red clover, alfalfa 1, crowtoe.4~August of most grass
Sowing, but should not be sowed on the hot summer days of high temperature and drought.Sow in spring generally before and after grain rains, stablize when the temperature rises more than 15 DEG C,
When moisture is sufficient, you can sowing.Sowing is preferably shallow unsuitable deep.Since general grass seeds emergence rate is relatively low, so the amount of broadcasting should be increased suitably.
Based on the above technical solutions, when the grass seeds is Trifolium repense, red clover, alfalfa 1, the amount of broadcasting is by reality
Areal calculation is broadcast, the amount of broadcasting is 40~50g per acre.
Based on the above technical solutions, in step 3, covered between strain using ecological pad, while heat and moisture preserving,
Can be with the fertilizer in fixing soil, and then improve the content of organic matter of soil.According to the cross dimensions on the ridge, select supporting
Strain parabiosis pad, and direct motion be laid with two layers；The ecological pad is petate 2.
Based on the above technical solutions, the drip irrigation pipe 3 uses protection against rodents insect bite dedicated pipe, wall thickness for 0.4~
0.6mm；The drip irrigation pipe 3 takes the mode of " two pipe a line " to arrange that the water dropper spacing of drip irrigation pipe 3 is set according to the spacing in the rows of fruit tree
Fixed, buried depth is 5~10cm.
Based on the above technical solutions, the water dropper spacing of the drip irrigation pipe 3 is the half of spacing in the rows.
Based on the above technical solutions, the soil measurement formula of the soil includes soil background values.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in detail in embodiment and reference examples.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, using seeding row spacing as 100cm × 300cm, Beijing Cold region apple peach garden that soil is sandy loam
Exemplified by, the present invention is described in detail.
(1) mechanical ditching, ridging
Ditch in pre-set planting fruit trees row both sides forward direction first by power traction formula one way plough, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch
Rotary tillage machine rotary tillage is used after base fertilizer, i.e., full farming face fertilising, the method can not only improve utilization rate of fertilizer, can also make fruit
The root system of tree is more flourishing.Secondly power traction formula one way plough reverse operation is used, forms preliminary ridge；Finally use special of fruit tree
Ridge pipe laying all-in-one machine carries out the laying improved with drip irrigation pipe 3 in ridge face.Due to experimental field belonging to plains region, and peach is shallow root
Property crop, therefore the height on ridge is preferably arranged to 15cm, since the line-spacing of peach is arranged to 300cm, it is contemplated that operation in the ranks etc. is asked
Topic, therefore the width on ridge is arranged to 100cm, ridge face is arranged to 70cm.
(2) cave field planting is dug
Carry out the excavation of planting pit using the special earth auger of fruit tree, the planting pit in general Cold region apple orchard for it is long by 40~
50cm × wide 40~50cm × 30~40cm of depth, the size of planting pit depending on the size and shape of fruit tree root system, make by shallow root system
The depth in thing cave is advisable with 30cm, and the depth in deep root system crop cave is advisable with 40cm.Since peach root system belongs to shallow root,
The planting pit of long 40cm × wide 40cm × depth 30cm is excavated using the special earth auger of fruit tree.
(3) agronomic measures
Petate 2 covers the+coverage mode of inter-row green covering Agricultural Water Saving fertilizer conservation technology between strain is carried out in orchard, in the ranks gives birth to
The type selection Artificial grass of grass, kind be alfalfa 1, the sowing time for before and after grain rains, depth of planting 0.8cm, application rate
For 50g/ mus.2 direct motion of petate is laid between strain on ridge.
(4) shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system is installed
As shown in figure 3, in order to facilitate the good aerating effect of field management, guarantee and drip irrigation pipe 3 is avoided in earth's surface
Drip irrigation pipe 3, can be carried out the shallow embedding of 5cm, micro-nano bubble is preserved the longer time in the soil, so that more preferably by weathering
Ground improves the gaseous environment of root zone of fruit tree.Drip irrigation pipe 3 takes the mode of " two pipe a line " to arrange that i.e. fruit tree both sides are respectively arranged one
Root drip irrigation pipe 3, and outside the liquid manure gas for meeting fruit tree supplies, also needed easy to dig cave field planting away from fruit tree 20cm respectively.Due to this
The soil in peach garden belongs to sandy loam in embodiment, therefore the flow of drip irrigation pipe 3 elects 2L/h as；Since peach spacing in the rows is 1m, therefore water dropper
Spacing is set to 50cm；Since fruit tree is mostly perennial, to prevent biting for subterranean pest-insect and mouse, therefore preferably select 0.6mm's
Protection against rodents insect bite dedicated pipe, with reduce shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system safeguard caused by expense and manually.
(5) liquid manure controlled atmosphere control
The peach time of infertility irrigates every time in this example is produced using the micro-nano bubble generator of this team independent research
Oxygenation water.Irrigated in right amount according to soil moisture content situation and the law of needing the water in each phenological period.When soil moisture content is field
Between water-holding capacity 60~70% when be conducive to germination differentiation and fruit maturation, when soil moisture content be field capacity 70~
Suitable rudiment when 80%, bloom, bear fruit and young sprout growth.With 4t/ mus irrigation quantity design is carried out for target output.With Beijing Tongzhou
Exemplified by (Multi-year average precipitation is shown in Table 1), provide peach trickle irrigation irrigation program table (table 2).According to the nutrient uptake feature and difference of peach
The performance of fertilizer, carries out scientific and reasonable fertilising, the pure nutrient content that the peach that target output is 4t/ mus needs is respectively N：
18.4kg P2O5：7.6kg, K2O：29.6kg.Based on this, demand and soil background values (table 3) of the peach to nutrient are considered,
Provide peach trickle irrigation fertilization recommendation scheme (table 4).
1 Beijing of table Month average rainfall (mm) for many years
Table 2 peach trickle irrigation irrigation program (4t/ mus of target output, irrigating water quota, irrigation norm unit：m3/ mu)
3 Beijing Soils background values of table
Table 4 peach trickle irrigation fertilization recommendation scheme (4t/ mus of target output, dose unit：Kg/ mus)
Note：Since each phenological period is not quite similar the absorbing rule of fertilizer, so the Water soluble fertilizer type in each phenological period is respectively not
It is identical, bud expanding stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, maturity period Water soluble fertilizer type (20-20-20), stone phase, flower bud differentiation period Water soluble fertilizer
Type (11-5-44), remaining phenological period Water soluble fertilizer type (13-6-40).
(6) field agronomy management
The fruit tree whole phenological period includes beta pruning, turns round a variety of field management technologies such as the tip, pinching, girdling, band girdle, drawing branch.
Reference examples
Embodiment verification experimental verification and interpretation of result
In the above-described embodiments, there is provided the treatment group using this cultural method and using local peasant household general planting method
Control group, treatment group and control group are respectively arranged 3 repetitions.Below with regard to peach fruit mass, fruit shape index, the hardness of fruit, can
Dissolubility solid content, soluble sugar and titratable acid etc. are compared.Data below draw be by respectively in treatment group and
Respectively take 10 representative fruits to carry out the test of fruit quality to it in three repetitions of control group and be averaged.
Table 5 is compared using this patent method treatment group and control group
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, in relation to the common of technical field
Technical staff, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make a variety of changes and modification, therefore all
Equivalent technical solution falls within scope of the invention, and scope of patent protection of the invention is defined by the claims.
The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system, it is characterised in that：Including field pipe-line system, fertilization system and oxygen-enrichment system；The field pipe-line system includes water source, water pump, filter, water meter, valve, pressure gauge, main pipe, branch pipe and drip irrigation pipe (3)；Water pump in the field pipe-line system is equipped with pump intake and pump outlet, and the pump intake connects with water source Connect, the pump outlet is sequentially connected filter, water meter, valve and pressure gauge, and the other end connection of the pressure gauge is dry Pipe, the main pipe are connected with branch pipe by threeway, and the branch pipe is bypassed with drip irrigation pipe (3) by drip irrigation zone or threeway is connected；The fertilization system includes trickle irrigation and stores up fertile bucket, fertilization system inlet pipe, special fertilizing pump, fertilization system outlet pipe and non-return valve；Special fertilizing pump in the fertilization system is equipped with special fertilizing pump inlet and special fertilizing pump discharge, the special fertilizing Pump inlet is stored up fertile bucket with trickle irrigation by fertilization system inlet pipe and is connected, and the special fertilizing pump discharge passes through fertilization system outlet pipe and three In the main pipe for connecting the shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system, installed between fertilization system outlet pipe and threeway and be equipped with non-return valve；The oxygen-enrichment system includes oxygen-enrichment system water inlet pipe, micro-nano bubble generator and oxygen-enrichment system outlet pipe；The micro-nano Rice bubble generator includes source of oxygen or ozone source, air pump, micro-nano bubble generator water pump, water vapor mixing chamber and booster pump；Micro-nano bubble generator in the oxygen-enrichment system is equipped with micro-nano bubble generator water inlet and micro-nano bubble is sent out Raw device water outlet, the micro-nano bubble generator water inlet are connected by oxygen-enrichment system water inlet pipe with water source, the source of oxygen Or ozone source is connected with air pump one end, the other end of air pump is communicated with micro-nano bubble generator water inlet, and with micro-nano gas One end connection of generator water pump is steeped, the other end of micro-nano bubble generator water pump and one end of water vapor mixing chamber connect, water The other end of gas mixing chamber and one end of booster pump connect, the other end of booster pump and micro-nano bubble generator water outlet phase Logical, the micro-nano bubble generator water outlet accesses the shallow embedding formula trickle irrigation by oxygen-enrichment system outlet pipe and threeway and irrigates system In the main pipe of system.
- 2. shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The drip irrigation pipe (3) uses protection against rodents worm Dedicated pipe is stung, wall thickness is 0.4~0.6mm；The drip irrigation pipe (3) takes the mode of " two pipe a line " to arrange, the drop of drip irrigation pipe (3) Head spacing is set according to the spacing in the rows of fruit tree, and buried depth is 5~10cm.
- 3. shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The water dropper spacing of the drip irrigation pipe (3) For the half of spacing in the rows.
- A kind of 4. water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree, using any rights of claim 1-3 It is required that the shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：Step 1：Mechanical ditching, ridging：Opened first by power traction formula one way plough in pre-set planting fruit trees row both sides forward direction Ditch, rotary tillage machine rotary tillage is used after base fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, i.e., full farming face fertilising；Secondly it is anti-using power traction formula one way plough To work, preliminary ridge is formed；Finally improving and drip irrigation pipe (3) for ridge face is carried out using the special ridging pipe laying all-in-one machine of fruit tree It is laid with；Step 2：Dig cave field planting：The excavation of planting pit is carried out using the special earth auger of fruit tree；Step 3：Perform agronomic measures：The agronomic measures of strain parabiosis pad covering+inter-row green covering are used in orchard；Step 4：The gentle in due course regulation and control of water, fertilizer are carried out using shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system；The gentle in due course regulation and control of the water, fertilizer include moisture habitat regulation, nutrient habitat regulation and gas habitat regulation；The regulation and control method of the moisture habitat regulation is specially：According to the target output of fruit tree, soil moisture content situation and fruit tree The law of needing the water of each growing stage, and combine the irrigation time that the local rainfall of monthly average for many years determines fruit tree different bearing stage Number, irrigating water quota and irrigation norm, when the soil moisture content of fruit tree growth is less than the 60% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil, are dripped Irrigate, when the soil moisture content of fruit tree growth is higher than the 80% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil, carry out draining；The regulation and control method of the nutrient habitat regulation is specially：According to the soil measurement formula of local soil, the target output of fruit tree, fruit The regulation of fertilizer requirement of tree and the performance of different fertilizer determine the Fertilizer Type and dose of fruit tree different bearing stage, and by described Solution is supplied to root zone of fruit tree by special fertilizing pump, equal Fertilizers of pouring water every time；The regulation and control method of the gas habitat regulation is specially：Anoxic is coerced according to the soil porosity of various regions and fruit tree root system Urgent tolerance degree, determines whether fruit tree different bearing stage is water-soluble using the micro-nano bubble of micro-nano bubble generator generation Liquid, the suitable threshold limit value of aerating mass concentration are 10~12.5mg/L, are supplied eventually through the shallow embedding formula drip irrigation system It is given to root zone of fruit tree.
- 5. the water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that： The form of fracture on ridge described in step 1 is fillet trapezoid, and a height of 15~25cm in ridge, row spacing is 0.8~1.2m, and ridge face is arranged to 0.6~0.8m, the ridge face of section and the length ratio of row spacing are 0.6~0.8.
- 6. the water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that： Planting pit size described in the step 2 is long 40~50cm × wide 40~50cm × 30~40cm of depth.
- 7. the water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that： In the step 3, the specific steps of the inter-row green covering include：Step 31：Site preparation；Step 32：Use sufficient base fertilizer；Step 33：Grass seeds is broadcasted sowing in drilling, and depth of planting is 0.6~1.5cm.
- 8. the water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that： The kind of the grass seeds includes legume；The legume include black soya bean, soya bean, mung bean, pea, broad bean, hair tongue, in vain Three leaves, red clover, alfalfa (1), crowtoe.
- 9. the water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that： When the grass seeds is Trifolium repense, red clover, alfalfa (1), the amount of broadcasting broadcasts areal calculation by real, and the amount of broadcasting is 40~50g per acre.
- 10. the water-saving quenched in due course regulation and control drip irrigation cultivation method of Cold region apple fruit tree as claimed in claim 4, its feature exist In：In step 3, according to the cross dimensions on the ridge, supporting strain parabiosis pad is selected, and direct motion is laid with two layers；The life State pad is petate (2).
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| CN113784616A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2021-12-10 | 株式会社水改质 | Method for producing fruit with improved quality |
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