CN107996241A - A kind of cultural method of seedless roxburgh rose - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of seedless roxburgh rose, include the following steps：Selection soil layer is deep, and organic matter is preferable, and water condition is convenient, and drainage effect is good, the not low-lying soil for causing flood；Ditch by 1.2m railway carriage or compartments face, furrow depth 32cm, soil in small, broken bits, mu applies 1500 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure or composite fertilizer 120kg, seed bed preparation terminate, and is disposably poured in cuttage the previous day to seedbed permeable；Cuttings resource is done using winter pruning health branch or builds maternal plant garden and does fringe bar supply, the seedless roxburgh rose fruit tree of plantation 1 year, base portion sprouts 4-5 lopwood bars, growing way is vigorous, a large amount of branches can do tloig-cutlage, after removing fringe, fringe bar is carried out cutting fringe and stays bud, per fringe 2 buds of section, ensure that at least cuttage the latter bud is damaged, another bud survives, and fringe section configures APD root-inducing powder 50PPM solution leaching root before cuttage, slotting base portion is immersed in solution 5 minutes, 4-8h cuttages again are placed after leaching；Cuttage：Management：Go out garden transplanting.Transplanting survival rate of the present invention is high, and quality is good, and per mu yield is high.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of seedless prickly pear

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a cultivation method of seedless roxburghii.

Background technique

Rosa sterilis and Rosa roxburghii Tratt belong to the family Rosaceae and are perennial deciduous climbing shrubs with a height of 4-6m and vigorous growth. The young fruit is covered with green thorns and looks like a sea cucumber, which is peculiar and beautiful. The mature fruit is golden and bright, and the old fruit is orange-yellow. The burrs on the skin of the fully mature fruit basically fall off. Refreshing, moderately sour, its stamens are aborted, and there is almost no pollen, so it is called seedless prickly pear. The root system is similar to common prickly pears. It is a shallow-rooted fruit tree. Most of the roots are distributed between 10-70cm in the topsoil layer. In the same year when it is planted, the branches can form inflorescences, sprout and grow. Ovules begin to form in mid-April and bloom in early May. Heyday. The annual branches and perennial branches of the branches can form the fruiting mother branches, and the new branches can form the fruiting mother branches in the same year, and the fruiting branches can be produced in the next year, and the fruiting branches have the ability of continuous fruiting. The fruit matures in mid-to-late October, with a single fruit weight of 4-7g and a diameter of 2-3cm, with 1-2% of the pulp containing 1-2 seeds, most of which are seedless, with yellowish-brown skin and small thorns, which are easy to fall off when mature , the flesh is bright orange-yellow, plump, crisp and tender, suitable for sweet and sour, with little astringency. After measurement and analysis, its sugar content is 6 times higher than that of common prickly pears, and its vitamin C content is 1018mg/100gFM, which is much higher than that of any fruit. Seedless prickly pear fruit trees have strong adaptability, drought resistance, and poor ridge tolerance. They can be planted and grown in general soil conditions. However, farmers generally use layering and root transplanting in the existing seedling raising methods. The survival rate is low, and the quantity is limited. Poor, the branches are not pruned in cultivation and planting, the technology is not standardized, the planting yield is low, and the yield per mu is less than 300 kg.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of seedless thorn pear with high transplanting survival rate, good quality and high yield per mu.

Technical scheme of the present invention:

A method for cultivating seedless prickly pears, comprising the steps of:

(1) Selection of seedbed land: choose land with deep soil layer, good organic matter, convenient water source conditions, good drainage effect, and no low-lying land that causes waterlogging;

(2) Soil preparation: Select land with an organic matter content of 40-60% and a soil layer thickness of 40-60cm as the base, and first sprinkle 100-200kg/mu of quicklime on the surface of the base, and use potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Potassium hydrogen phosphate is mixed evenly at a ratio of 3:1, and then mixed evenly with biogas liquid at a weight ratio of 2:7 to obtain a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is sprayed at 80-210kg per mu, and then the plastic film is used Cover the surface of the base until the number of days with sunlight reaches 3-7 days, then uncover the plastic film, and use a cultivator to plow the base deeply. -100 mesh river sand is added to the soil of the base, so that the sand content in the soil of the base reaches 40-45%. After a deep plowing is completed, the base is raised and leveled with a plow, and farmyard manure is used to spread it on the soil of the base For the surface layer, the amount of farmyard manure is 300kg per mu. After the farmyard manure is spread, the deep plowing machine is used to plow the base soil to a depth of 40-55cm.

(2) Open the box: Ditch the 1.2m box surface, the bed depth is 32cm, and the soil is finely crushed. Apply 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 120kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

(3) Picking cuttings: Pruning healthy branches in winter as cutting resources or building a mother garden as cutting supply, planting a seedless prickly pear fruit tree for one year, with 4-5 branches sprouting from the base, growing vigorously, and a large number of branches can be used The cuttings of the spikes are cut, and after the spikes are removed, the spikes are cut and the buds are kept. Each spike has 2 buds to ensure that at least one bud is damaged after cutting and the other bud survives. The spikes are soaked in 50PPM solution of APD rooting powder before cutting root, immerse the cutting base in the solution for 5 minutes, and place it for 4-8 hours after soaking before cutting;

(4) Cutting: Cuttings can be made from seedbed soil cuttings and nutrient pot soil cuttings. The cutting density of the seedbed is 3cm x 3cm square cuttings, and the basic seedlings per acre hole can reach 60,000; Transplant in advance, and the cuttings can be transplanted 5 months after the cuttings survive. After the cuttings are completed, the seedbeds are arched and covered with bamboo slices. The edges of the membranes are tightly sealed with soil, airtight and ventilated, and the humidity inside the membranes is maintained;

(5) Management: Cuttings are carried out in winter. After the seedlings survive, the temperature begins to rise in March in the spring. If the temperature is above 28°C, pay attention to uncover the film and ventilate, and start seedling hardening at the same time; To maintain high temperature, remove the film and artificially weed, fertilize and water, and fertilize with clear manure water, and topdress with 1.2kg of urea per 100kg of water until autumn, topdress 2-3 times, and the soil of the watered seedbed is white and water-deficient , pay attention to observe timely watering;

(6) Out of the nursery: After one year of seedbed growth management, the annual seedlings are as high as 45-50cm, and then they can be transplanted out of the nursery.

The cultivation method of aforesaid seedless Rosa roxburghii, which also includes the cultivation method after transplanting is:

(1) Site preparation and digging pits: soil mounds and soil slopes require site preparation, according to the strip-shaped site preparation, the planting density is designed to be 3m×3m per plant, 74 plants per mu, and the pit depth is 60cm×60cm;

(2) Planting: first apply the bottom fertilizer of the pit, apply 30-35kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each plant, and apply it to the bottom of the pit, or apply 2kg of compound fertilizer to each plant and mix it with soil as the base fertilizer. According to the method of planting fruit trees, fill the soil with 15cm to isolate the base fertilizer , and then place the planting seedlings in the center of the soil, organize the root system to distribute evenly, continue to fill the soil, step on the soil while filling the soil, fill the soil, and pour the root water to ensure survival;

(3) Production management: Fruit trees that have been planted for one year can germinate and grow 4-6 main branches. Pruning begins in the winter of the first year after planting. The pruning pruning and retention of the plant height is 1.5-2.5 meters, and the pruning control is scattered. Branches in 4 different directions with uniform opening angles are used as main branches, and the remaining germinated branches are cut out from the base. , in the second and third years of continuous pruning, the structure angle is uniform, the two- to three-layered spinach tree grows up to the standard tree shape, and the yield of the fruiting branches increases; The root system of Rosa roxburghii has no natural dormancy period, and it still grows slowly in winter. Fertilization adopts ring fertilization or radial ditch fertilization to avoid damage to the root system. 1500 kg of farmyard manure, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, and 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied per mu of base fertilizer.

(4) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: For fusarium wilt, spray 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid in the early stage of the disease, once every 10 days, and spray 3 times; for ring disease, spray 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid in the early stage , once every 10 days, and sprayed 3 times; for spider mites and aphids, spray once with 40% dimethoate EC 1500 times, and the spraying rate is 2-4L/mu.

Compared with the existing technology, the seedless thorn pear uses the pumping branch as the fruiting mother branch, and the fruiting of the year is planted in the same year. According to the record of fruit bearing and yield measurement in the year of planting in the demonstration site of Daba Village on October 15, 2009, the fruiting yield of each plant is average. 2.1kg, the yield per mu is 155.4kg, and the average single fruit weight is 4.62g. The yield per mu was 7.11kg, and the yield per mu reached 526.4kg. In the third year, the yield per mu was measured to reach 750kg. According to the current market price of 50 yuan per kilogram, the output value benefit is relatively high. According to the general market basic price of 20 yuan per kilogram after the promotion of large-scale planting, the output value benefit per mu can reach 1108 yuan in the first year of planting, and in the second year. 10,528 yuan, and 15,000 yuan in the third year. The fresh fruit is of high quality, sweet and fragrant, and sells well in the market. The economic benefits are very considerable.

Detailed ways

Example 1

A method for cultivating seedless prickly pears, comprising the steps of:

(1) Selection of seedbed land: choose land with deep soil layer, good organic matter, convenient water source conditions, good drainage effect, and no low-lying land that causes waterlogging;

(2) Soil preparation: Select land with an organic matter content of 40-60% and a soil layer thickness of 40-60cm as the base, and first sprinkle 100-200kg/mu of quicklime on the surface of the base, and use potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Potassium hydrogen phosphate is mixed evenly at a ratio of 3:1, and then mixed evenly with biogas liquid at a weight ratio of 2:7 to obtain a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is sprayed at 80-210kg per mu, and then the plastic film is used Cover the surface of the base until the number of days with sunlight reaches 3-7 days, then uncover the plastic film, and use a cultivator to plow the base deeply. -100 mesh river sand is added to the soil of the base, so that the sand content in the soil of the base reaches 40-45%. After a deep plowing is completed, the base is raised and leveled with a plow, and farmyard manure is used to spread it on the soil of the base For the surface layer, the amount of farmyard manure is 300kg per mu. After the farmyard manure is spread, the deep plowing machine is used to plow the base soil to a depth of 40-55cm.

(3) Open the box: Ditch the 1.2m box surface, the bed depth is 32cm, and the soil is finely crushed. Apply 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 120kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

(4) Picking cuttings: Pruning healthy branches in winter as cutting resources or building a mother garden as cutting supply, planting a seedless prickly pear fruit tree for one year, with 4-5 branches sprouting from the base, growing vigorously, and a large number of branches can be used The cuttings of the spikes are cut, and after the spikes are removed, the spikes are cut and the buds are kept. Each spike has 2 buds to ensure that at least one bud is damaged after cutting and the other bud survives. The spikes are soaked in 50PPM solution of APD rooting powder before cutting root, immerse the cutting base in the solution for 5 minutes, and place it for 4-8 hours after soaking before cutting;

(5) Cuttings: Cuttings can be made from seedbed soil cuttings and nutrient pot soil cuttings. The cutting density of the seedbed is 3cm x 3cm square cuttings, and the basic seedlings per acre hole can reach 60,000; Transplant in advance, and the cuttings can be transplanted 5 months after the cuttings survive. After the cuttings are completed, the seedbeds are arched and covered with bamboo slices. The edges of the membranes are tightly sealed with soil, airtight and ventilated, and the humidity inside the membranes is maintained;

(6) Management: Cuttings are carried out in winter. After the seedlings survive, the temperature begins to rise in March in the spring. If the temperature is above 28°C, pay attention to uncover the film and ventilate, and start seedling hardening at the same time; To maintain high temperature, remove the film and artificially weed, fertilize and water, and fertilize with clear manure water, and topdress with 1.2kg of urea per 100kg of water until autumn, topdress 2-3 times, and the soil of the watered seedbed is white and water-deficient , pay attention to observe timely watering;

(7) Out of the nursery: After one year of seedbed growth management, the annual seedlings are as high as 45-50cm, and then they can be transplanted out of the nursery.

Example 2

A method for cultivating seedless prickly pears, comprising the steps of:

(1) Selection of seedbed land: choose land with deep soil layer, good organic matter, convenient water source conditions, good drainage effect, and no low-lying land that causes waterlogging;

(2) Soil preparation: Select land with an organic matter content of 40-60% and a soil layer thickness of 40-60cm as the base, and first sprinkle 100-200kg/mu of quicklime on the surface of the base, and use potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Potassium hydrogen phosphate is mixed evenly at a ratio of 3:1, and then mixed evenly with biogas liquid at a weight ratio of 2:7 to obtain a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is sprayed at 80-210kg per mu, and then the plastic film is used Cover the surface of the base until the number of days with sunlight reaches 3-7 days, then uncover the plastic film, and use a cultivator to plow the base deeply. -100 mesh river sand is added to the soil of the base, so that the sand content in the soil of the base reaches 40-45%. After a deep plowing is completed, the base is raised and leveled with a plow, and farmyard manure is used to spread it on the soil of the base For the surface layer, the amount of farmyard manure is 300kg per mu. After the farmyard manure is spread, the base soil is deeply plowed with a deep tiller, and the deep plowing depth is 40-55cm;

(3) Open the box: Ditch the 1.2m box surface, the bed depth is 32cm, and the soil is finely crushed. Apply 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 120kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

(4) Picking cuttings: Pruning healthy branches in winter as cutting resources or building a mother garden as cutting supply, planting a seedless prickly pear fruit tree for one year, with 4-5 branches sprouting from the base, growing vigorously, and a large number of branches can be used The cuttings of the spikes are cut, and after the spikes are removed, the spikes are cut and the buds are kept. Each spike has 2 buds to ensure that at least one bud is damaged after cutting and the other bud survives. The spikes are soaked in 50PPM solution of APD rooting powder before cutting root, immerse the cutting base in the solution for 5 minutes, and place it for 4-8 hours after soaking before cutting;

(5) Cuttings: Cuttings can be made from seedbed soil cuttings and nutrient pot soil cuttings. The cutting density of the seedbed is 3cm x 3cm square cuttings, and the basic seedlings per acre hole can reach 60,000; Transplant in advance, and the cuttings can be transplanted 5 months after the cuttings survive. After the cuttings are completed, the seedbeds are arched and covered with bamboo slices. The edges of the membranes are tightly sealed with soil, airtight and ventilated, and the humidity inside the membranes is maintained;

(6) Management: Cuttings are carried out in winter. After the seedlings survive, the temperature begins to rise in March in the spring. If the temperature is above 28°C, pay attention to uncover the film and ventilate, and start seedling hardening at the same time; To maintain high temperature, remove the film and artificially weed, fertilize and water, and fertilize with clear manure water, and topdress with 1.2kg of urea per 100kg of water until autumn, topdress 2-3 times, and the soil of the watered seedbed is white and water-deficient , pay attention to observe timely watering;

(7) Out of the nursery: After one year of seedbed growth management, the annual seedlings are as high as 45-50cm, and then they can be transplanted out of the nursery.

2. the cultivation method of a kind of seedless Rosa roxburghii as claimed in claim 1, wherein also comprise the cultivation method after transplanting is:

(1) Site preparation and digging pits: soil mounds and soil slopes require site preparation, according to the strip-shaped site preparation, the planting density is designed to be 3m×3m per plant, 74 plants per mu, and the pit depth is 60cm×60cm;

(2) Planting: first apply the bottom fertilizer of the pit, apply 30-35kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each plant, and apply it to the bottom of the pit, or apply 2kg of compound fertilizer to each plant and mix it with soil as the base fertilizer. According to the method of planting fruit trees, fill the soil with 15cm to isolate the base fertilizer , and then place the planting seedlings in the center of the soil, organize the root system to distribute evenly, continue to fill the soil, step on the soil while filling the soil, fill the soil, and pour the root water to ensure survival;

(3) Production management: Fruit trees that have been planted for one year can germinate and grow 4-6 main branches. Pruning begins in the winter of the first year after planting. The pruning pruning and retention of the plant height is 1.5-2.5 meters, and the pruning control is scattered. Four branches in different directions with uniform opening angles are used as the main branches, and the remaining germinated branches are cut out from the base. , in the second and third years of continuous pruning, the structure angle is uniform, the two- to three-layered spinach tree grows up to the standard tree shape, and the yield of the fruiting branches increases; The root system of Rosa roxburghii has no natural dormancy period, and it still grows slowly in winter. Fertilization adopts ring fertilization or radial ditch fertilization methods to avoid damage to the root system. The base fertilizer per mu is applied to 1500 kg of farmyard manure, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, and 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;

(4) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: For fusarium wilt, spray 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid in the early stage of the disease, once every 10 days, and spray 3 times; for ring disease, spray 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid in the early stage , once every 10 days, and sprayed 3 times; for spider mites and aphids, spray once with 40% dimethoate EC 1500 times, and the spraying rate is 2-4L/mu.

Claims (2)

1. A kind of 1. cultural method of seedless roxburgh rose, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：

   （1）The selection on seedbed ground：Selection soil layer is deep, and organic matter is preferable, and water condition is convenient, and drainage effect is good, not low-lying cause The soil of flood；

   （2）Site preparation：Choose the content of organic matter be 40-60%, soil that soil layer thickness is 40-60cm as base, and to base Ground is sprinkling upon base surface using 100-200kg/ mus of quick lime first, and using potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium hydrogen phosphate according to 3:1 After mixing, with methane liquid according to weight ratio it is 2 then by it:7 proportioning after mixing, obtains mixed liquor, and will be mixed Liquid is closed according to spraying 80-210kg per acre, then using covering with ground sheeting on base surface, covering is to there is sunlight number of days to reach 3-7 After it, then mulch to be opened, and base deep ploughing is handled using ploughing machine, deep ploughing depth is 50-60cm, and in the process of deep ploughing In, use granularity to be added into for the river sand of 80-100 mesh in the soil of base so that silt content reaches 40-45% in the soil of base, Treat after the completion of once deep ploughing, base carried using plow harrow and allows processing of raking, and base upper soll layer, agriculture are laid in using farm manure The dosage of family's fertilizer is 300kg per acre, after the completion for the treatment of farm manure tiling, then using deep ploughing machine progress base soil deep ploughing processing, and Deep ploughing depth is 40-55cm；

   （3）Open railway carriage or compartment：Well-rotted farmyard manure 1500kg or composite fertilizer are applied by 1.2m railway carriage or compartments face trench digging, furrow depth 32cm, soil in small, broken bits, mu 120kg, seed bed preparation terminate, and are disposably poured in cuttage the previous day to seedbed permeable；

   （4）Take fringe bar：Cuttings resource is done using winter pruning health branch or builds maternal plant garden and does fringe bar supply, the nothing of plantation 1 year Seed Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit tree, base portion sprout 4-5 lopwood bars, and growing way is vigorous, and a large amount of branches can do tloig-cutlage, and after removing fringe, fringe bar is carried out Cut fringe and stay bud, per fringe 2 buds of section, it is ensured that at least cuttage the latter bud is damaged, another bud survives, and fringe section is configured before cuttage APD root-inducing powder 50PPM solution soaks root, and slotting base portion is immersed in solution 5 minutes, and 4-8h cuttages again are placed after leaching；

   （5）Cuttage：Cuttage can use seedbed soil cuttage and nutrition this bowl-entering soil cuttage, and seedbed cutting density presses 3cm x3cm square skewers Insert, cave Basic Seedling reaches 60,000 plants per acre；One plant of each cuttage of nutritive cube device, nutrition pot seedling can transplant in advance, 5 after cutting survival It can transplant within a month, bamboo chip arch camber epiphragma is used after the cuttage of seedbed, film edge soil is tight, stuffy ventilative, keeps film Interior humidity；

   （6）Management：Cuttage winter carries out, to March in spring after Survival rate of nursery stock, temperature bottom out, such as occur 28 DEG C of degree of temperature with Upper high temperature is divulged information it is noted that taking off film, starts simultaneously at hardening；Temperature at the beginning of 4 months is significantly raised, is not required to keep high temperature in film, can open thin Film artificial weeding, fertilizing, watering, fertilising can be applied with cleaning up excrement water and poured, and can be converted 1.2kg urea with every 100kg water and be imposed to autumn, chase after Fertilizer 2-3 times, watering nursery soil show white water shortage, pay attention to observation watering in due course；

   （7）Go out garden：By 1 year seedbed time growth management, one year seedling is up to 45-50cm, can go out garden transplanting.
2. 2. a kind of cultural method of seedless roxburgh rose as claimed in claim 1, wherein further including the cultural method after transplanting and being：

   （1）Site preparation is digged pit：Mound, slight slope planting requirement site preparation, according to strip tillage, planting density every plant of 3m × 3m of design, mu 74 plants are planted, hole depth 60cm × 60cm；

   （2）Field planting：Cave hole base fertilizer is applied first, and the every plant of well-rotted farmyard manure 30-35kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, applies hole bottom, or every plant of administration Composite fertilizer 2kg mixes soil and makees base fertilizer, and by plant fruit tree method, the 15cm that bankets isolation base fertilizer, is then placed in soil center by plant seedling, Arrange root system to be uniformly distributed, continue to banket, tight soil is jammed on when banketing, completes soil, pour root water and ensure to survive；

   （3）Production management：Plantation 1 year fruit tree can germination and growth go out 4-6 major branches, after plant First Year winter start to repair Cut, Rosa roxburghii Tratt is 1.5-2.5 meters by the plant height trimmed, retained, and uniform 4 of scattered spreading angle not Tongfang is stayed in trimming control Decide limb to branch, remaining is sprouted branch and is cut from base portion, and control stays major branch bar also to trim, and clip position is under branch curved arc Extension branch is cut in lappet position, culture vertical branch and extension branch, second year, constantly trimming in the 3rd year, constructs even angle, two to Three layers are spun the growth of Duo tree-shaped, reach tree-shaped specification, fruitful branch output increased；After annual winter pruning is complete, base manure rush is imposed in time Into growth, the root system of seedless roxburgh rose is still slowly grown without natural dormancy period, winter, and fertilising is using ring-type fertilising or radial canal fertilising Method avoids damage to root system, and base manure applies farm manure 1500kg, composite fertilizer 50kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 25kg per acre;

   （4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：For droop, early stage is sprayed with 50% carbendazim, 800 times of liquid, and every 10 days once, even spray 3 It is secondary；For ring spot, early stage is sprayed with 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid, and every 10 days once, even spray 3 times；For red spider, Aphid, is sprayed once with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 1500 times of liquid, applies discharge rate as 2~4L/ mus.