CN103416185B - Fixed ridge culture and subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation, which comprises the following steps: pipe burial; ridge formation; field management: when watering crops: pump water through a surface main pipe into an underground branch pipe through a water pump, and the water passes through the underground branch pipe. The water outlet penetrates into the stratum soil; when fertilizing crops: the water and fertilizer are pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water and fertilizer penetrate into the stratum soil through the outlet on the underground branch pipe, and are directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop; Adapted agricultural machinery travels on the back of the ridges to realize various field operations; the field operations include harrowing, sowing, spraying and harvesting, and crops are sown between adjacent ridges. The invention can improve the degree of mechanization of agricultural production, avoid the formation of plow bottom, adopt underground drip irrigation technology, the roots of crops can directly absorb and use water, realize the integration of water and fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, and save resources and manpower.

Description

A method of fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation

technical field

The invention relates to a cultivation method for fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation, more specifically a ridge cultivation cultivation technique suitable for large-area dry farmland, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation.

Background technique

Agricultural production is the source of human food and clothing and the foundation of survival. Throughout history, agricultural production has gone through three stages: primitive agriculture, traditional agriculture and modern agriculture. Since modern times, petroleum-powered machinery has been widely used in agricultural production, and external chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides have been used in large quantities. Coupled with the gradual improvement of farmland water conservancy, improvement of crop varieties, and progress in cultivation technology, agricultural productivity has greatly increased, and grain production has increased significantly. To a certain extent, it solves the demand for increased food quantity and improved nutrition due to population growth. However, with the development of the economy, more and more people leave the countryside and move to the city. At the same time, the area of agricultural land is also decreasing. Agriculture is facing new problems and challenges. As far as the upland farming area in northern my country is concerned, the following problems currently exist (taking wheat-corn rotation as an example):

1) In order to pursue high yield in agricultural production, a large amount of fertilizer is invested, resulting in low fertilizer utilization rate, resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. The main reason is that producers reduce the frequency of fertilization and increase the amount of fertilizer in order to save time. Generally, fertilizers are used as base fertilizers during soil plowing or mechanical sowing. Due to the inconvenient mechanical operation during crop growth, it is difficult to implement ditch fertilization and soil covering operations. Generally, it is manually sprinkled on the surface, and the frequency of topdressing is mostly once. .

2) The impact of water shortage on agricultural production is becoming more and more obvious. At present, the national water shortage in a normal year is nearly 40 billion cubic meters, of which the agricultural water shortage is about 30 billion cubic meters. Not only is the water shortage, but the water pollution is also becoming more and more serious. Because agriculture is a large water user, its water consumption accounts for about 70% of the total water consumption in the country, of which 90% is used for planting irrigation, but the waste of water in agriculture is very serious, and the national irrigation water utilization rate is only about 40%. With the development of industry and urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, more and more water is used to meet the needs of industry and residents' lives, and irrigation water will become more tense. In recent years, the average drought-affected area in the country has reached more than 3,300 per year million hectares.

3) Agricultural machinery is gradually popularized during crop cultivation and harvesting, but the lanes are not fixed when used, and the plow bottom is gradually formed. The formation of the plow bottom will affect the use of water and nutrients by crops. And when plowing every year, because there is no fixed lane, they can only drive on the plowed land, and the plowed land is soft, so that the agricultural machinery has great resistance and high fuel consumption. On the other hand, since there is no fixed lane, agricultural machinery operations are only applied during planting and harvesting, and field management cannot be conveniently applied during crop growth.

In order to improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, the integration of water and fertilizer has become an important development direction of current agricultural production. This technology is an agricultural technology in which water and fertilizer are supplied simultaneously. The fertilizer solution prepared from soluble solid or liquid fertilizer is irrigated with water by means of a pressure system. Regularly and quantitatively infiltrate the growth area of the root system of the crops, and directly provide water and nutrients to the crops in a regular, quantitative, and proportionate manner to meet the water and fertilizer needs of the crops in different growth periods, so as to achieve the purpose of improving crop quality and increasing production and income. Drip irrigation is the main form of water and fertilizer integration technology. According to the arrangement position of the capillary in the drip irrigation project in the field, it can be divided into two situations: above ground and underground:

1) The capillary is arranged on the ground, and the system in which the capillary and the emitter do not move during irrigation is called a ground-fixed system. The vast majority of drip irrigation now uses this type of system. The advantage is that it is easy to install and maintain, and it is also convenient to check the soil moisture and measure the change of the dripper flow; the disadvantage is that the capillary and the irrigator are easy to be damaged and aged, and it also has an impact on field cultivation.

2) The system that buries capillaries and emitters (mainly drippers) underground is called an underground fixed system. This is only after the continuous improvement and improvement of drip irrigation technology in recent years, the blockage of emitters has been reduced, and the application area has gradually expanded. Compared with the fixed system on the ground, it has the advantages of reducing water evaporation and salt accumulation on the surface, eliminating the installation and disassembly of the capillary before and after crop planting and harvesting, and the damage loss of the equipment, prolonging the service life of the equipment; and on the surface There is no pipeline, which does not affect the simple farming operations in the field. However, in the actual use process, the installation and laying process is relatively complicated. The underground drippers are easily blocked. Once damaged, the replacement and maintenance costs are relatively large.

Underground drip irrigation has been recognized by the world as one of the most promising efficient water-saving irrigation technologies, but its application in grain-growing fields is still limited. Among them, buried pipes will affect mechanical tillage operations. factor. Therefore, in the prior art, the pipes are generally buried below the cultivation layer. Chinese patent document CN202588004U proposes that the underground drip irrigation branch pipes should be buried at a depth of 40 cm. Although the operating depth of the current rotary plow can be avoided, the buried position is too deep. The operation is labor-intensive, and at the same time, it will lead to the downward loss of water and nutrients, which reduces the effect of subsurface drip irrigation.

With the advancement of my country's industrialization and urbanization process and the implementation of land transfer policies, land will gradually realize intensive production, and operators will have increasingly strong demands for technologies that can realize mechanized, precise, and economical production management in the field.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the defects and deficiencies described in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation. The invention realizes the field operation of agricultural machinery during the crop growth and picking period without destructive cultivation of field crops and ridges; the invention also uses the unique structure of the underground irrigation device to carry out precise management of the water and fertilizer management of field crops, realizing Efficient field water and fertilizer management.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A method for fixed ridge farming and underground drip irrigation cultivation, the method utilizes an underground irrigation device to realize underground irrigation of crops, the underground irrigation device includes a surface main pipe, an underground branch pipe and an above-ground lever support, the surface main pipe and the underground The branch pipes are connected by quick joints; the above-ground driving rod bracket includes a bracket body and a driving rod installed on the field ridge, and the driving rod is rotationally connected with the bracket main body through a first rotating shaft; on one side of the underground branch pipe A plurality of water outlets are arranged on the side wall of the water outlet, and a diversion cover is arranged outside the water outlet, and the diversion cover arranged at one end of the underground branch pipe is connected with the driving rod through the first linkage rod; The flow cover is connected to the first linkage rod through a third linkage rod; a second linkage rod is provided at a position opposite to the water outlet of the flow guide cover, and the second linkage rod is arranged through the water outlet, A clamping part is also provided in the underground branch pipe to connect with the second linkage rod for positioning the diversion cover and preventing the diversion cover from being completely pulled out;

A working method of an underground irrigation device, comprising the following steps:

(1) Connect the surface main pipe of the underground irrigation device with the underground branch pipe, bury the underground branch pipe, and install the above-ground driving rod bracket on the ridge; connect the driving rod with the first linkage rod;

(2) When the underground irrigation device is used to drip-irrigate the crops, through the lever of the lever bracket, the first linkage lever and the third linkage lever are linked to move outward, driving the guide cover and the water outlet Leave, the water and fertilizer used for drip irrigation enter the formation along the underground branch pipe, water outlet, and diversion cover;

(3) When the crops are drip-irrigated by the device that does not need underground irrigation, the first linkage lever and the third linkage lever are linked to move inward through the lever of the lever bracket to drive the guide cover and the water outlet closed, the water and fertilizer for the drip irrigation flow along the underground branch pipe.

A method for fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation, comprising the following steps:

(1) Buried pipes: After the land is leveled and deep plowed, the underground branch pipes are buried underground at a depth of 10-20cm. The buried spacing of the underground branch pipes complies with the wheelbase of agricultural wheeled tractors stipulated in JB/T8300-1999. kind;

(2) Ridging: Ridging on the ground where underground branch pipes are buried, compacting and leveling to form a ridge body, wherein the ridge width is 30-40cm, and the ridge height is 30-40cm; a lever is installed at one end of the ridge a bracket, connecting the driving rod with the first linkage rod;

(3) Field management:

When watering the crops: the water is pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water penetrates into the stratum soil through the water outlet of the underground branch pipe, and is directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

When fertilizing crops: the water and fertilizer are pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water and fertilizer penetrate into the stratum soil through the outlet on the underground branch pipe, and are directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

The agricultural machinery whose wheelbase is adapted to the distance between underground branch pipes is used to drive on the back of the ridge to realize various field operations; the field operations include harrowing, sowing, spraying and harvesting, and sowing crops between adjacent ridges. When the selected agricultural machine is a tractor, the tractor tires directly run on the back of the ridge, thereby realizing field operation.

A method for above-mentioned fixed ridge cultivation and subterranean drip irrigation cultivation is applied on the North China Plain plain wheat-corn rotation cropland, comprising the steps as follows:

(1) After the autumn harvest, that is, in the first ten days of October in the Gregorian calendar, level the land, spread fertilizers, and use agricultural machinery to plow the land;

(2) Buried pipes: After the land is leveled and deep plowed, the underground branch pipes are buried in the ground at a depth of 10-20cm. kind;

(3) Ridging, ridges are formed on the ground where underground branch pipes are buried, compacted and leveled to form a ridge body, wherein the ridge width is 30-40cm, and the ridge height is 30-40cm; a driving lever is installed at one end of the ridge a bracket, connecting the driving rod with the first linkage rod;

(4) Field management in wheat season:

When watering wheat: the water is pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water penetrates into the stratum soil through the outlet on the underground branch pipe, and is directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

When fertilizing wheat: the water and fertilizer are pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water and fertilizer penetrate into the stratum soil through the outlet on the underground branch pipe, and are directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

The agricultural machinery whose wheelbase is adapted to the distance between the underground branch pipes is used to drive on the back of the ridges to realize various field operations; the field operations include harrowing, sowing, spraying and harvesting, and wheat is sown between adjacent ridges. When the selected agricultural machine is a tractor, the tractor tires directly run on the back of the ridge, thereby realizing field operations.

(5) Corn season field management:

After the wheat is harvested, the corn sowing machinery is broadcast live,

When watering corn: the water is pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water penetrates into the stratum soil through the outlet of the underground branch pipe, and is directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

When fertilizing corn: the water and fertilizer are pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water and fertilizer penetrate into the stratum soil through the water outlet on the underground branch pipe, and are directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

The agricultural machinery whose wheelbase is adapted to the spacing of underground branch pipes is used to drive on the back of the ridge to realize various field operations; the field operations include harrowing, sowing, spraying and harvesting, and sowing corn between adjacent ridges. When the selected agricultural machine is a tractor, the tractor tires directly run on the back of the ridge, thereby realizing field operations.

(6) Field management of the next crop:

After the corn is harvested, the original ridge does not move. If the ridge body becomes smaller, the soil will be cultivated and compacted again until the ridge width is 30-40cm and the ridge height is 30-40cm; use a rotary tiller with a width corresponding to the ridge spacing , plow the planting belt between the ridges, repeat step (3), and repeat the cycle of wheat-corn rotation.

Preferably, according to the present invention, steel wool is provided on the second linkage rod of the underground irrigation device. The advantage of the design here is that when the second linkage rod moves outward, the steel bristles are used to brush away the mud and sand that block the water outlet, and at the same time prevent the mud and sand from flowing back into the underground branch pipe to prevent the water outlet from being blocked. , It can also play the role of filtering sediment, greatly prolonging the service life of underground branch pipes.

Preferably, according to the present invention, the locking part of the underground irrigation device includes a plurality of support bars arranged in an umbrella shape. The advantage of the design here is that there is no need for complex installation of the underground branch pipe in the early stage, and the clamping parts can be directly installed to the water outlet after the underground branch pipe is buried, so as to avoid damage to the water outlet and the shroud during the embedding process; at the same time, the The support bars arranged in an umbrella shape can also effectively filter out the sediment, further avoiding the blockage of the water outlet.

Preferably, according to the present invention, the deflector cover of the device for underground irrigation is connected with the driving rod through the second rotating shaft through the first linkage rod. The advantage of the design here is that it prevents the second linkage rod from disturbing in the water outlet.

Preferably according to the present invention, in the underground irrigation device, the top of the guide cover is arranged horizontally, and the bottom of the guide cover is arranged inclined to the horizontal. The advantage of the design here is that the horizontal setting of the top helps to block the downward movement of the sediment in the formation, and the inclined setting of the bottom helps to guide the water and fertilizer, discharge the sediment in time, and prevent the water outlet from being blocked .

Preferably, according to the present invention, the driving rod of the underground irrigation device includes an underground rod and an above-ground rod, and the bottom end of the above-ground rod is screwed to the upper end of the underground rod. When it is necessary to walk the agricultural machinery on the ridge, the above-ground pole and the underground pole are separated to facilitate the normal walking of the agricultural machinery on the ridge.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. The present invention adopts an underground irrigation device with a unique structure. Through the operation on the ridge, the opening and closing of the linked diversion cover realizes the above-ground linkage underground operation, avoids the blind operation of the buried drip irrigation pipe, and effectively prevents the water outlet from being blocked. Greatly prolong the service life of the underground branch pipe.

2. A method of fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation according to the present invention can be used for many years after one-time burying and ridge formation without plowing or re-riding the ridge body. When watering the crops, the water is pumped through the surface main pipe into the underground branch pipe through the water pump, and the water infiltrates into the soil through the drip hole buried in the underground branch pipe, and the crop root system can directly absorb and use the water, and chemical fertilizers can be added to the pipeline to realize the supply of water and fertilizer integration. During farming operations, the working width of agricultural machinery corresponds to the distance between the ridges. The tires of the tractor drive directly on the back of the ridge without damaging the drip irrigation device buried under the ridge. The diameter of the tractor wheel is large enough to make the height of the agricultural machinery body higher than the growth The height of the crops will not be damaged, and the crops growing between the ridges will not be damaged. Using the fixed ridge as the driveway can realize the convenient application of agricultural machinery, avoiding the compaction of agricultural machinery in a larger area of farmland, and reducing the formation of the plow bottom; at the same time, using the fixed ridge as a fixed driveway, compacting multiple times, and agricultural machinery driving on it Under the resistance, the fuel consumption is greatly reduced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of surface main pipe and underground branch pipe in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

In Fig. 1, 1, the surface supervisor, 2, the underground branch pipe, 3, the quick connector, 4, the fixed ridge on the surface, 5, the planting belt between the ridges, 6, the field road;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of underground irrigation device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a top view when the shroud in Fig. 2 is closed;

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the panoramic structure of Fig. 2;

In Fig. 2-Fig. 5, 2, underground branch pipe; 7, lever bracket; 7-1, bracket main body, 7-2, lever; 7-3, first rotating shaft; 7-4, underground rod; 7- 5. Ground rod; 8. Water outlet; 9. Spinning cover; 10. First linkage rod; 11. Second linkage rod; 11-1. Steel wool; 12. Third linkage rod; 13. Umbrella support bar ; 14, the second rotating shaft.

Detailed ways

A detailed description will be made below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto.

Embodiment 1,

The crop cultivated in this embodiment is soybean.

A method for fixed ridge farming and underground drip irrigation cultivation, the method utilizes an underground irrigation device to realize underground irrigation of crops, the underground irrigation device includes a surface main pipe 1, an underground branch pipe 2 and an above-ground lever support 7, and the The surface main pipe 1 is connected to the underground branch pipe 2 through a quick joint 3; the above-ground driving rod bracket 7 includes a bracket main body 7-1 and a driving rod 7-2 installed on the field ridge, and the driving rod 7-2 passes through the first rotating shaft 7-3 is rotatably connected with the bracket main body 7-1; a plurality of water outlets 8 are arranged on the side wall of one side of the underground branch pipe 2, and a diversion cover 9 is arranged outside the water outlet 8 , the shroud 9 arranged at one end of the underground branch pipe 2 is connected to the shift lever 7-2 through the first linkage rod 10; Connected; the position where the guide cover 9 is opposite to the water outlet 8 is provided with a second linkage rod 11, and the second linkage rod 11 is set through the water outlet 8, and in the underground branch pipe 2 A locking part is provided to be connected with the second linkage rod 11 for realizing the positioning of the shroud 9 and preventing the shroud 9 from being pulled out completely;

The method for above-mentioned fixed ridge cultivation and subterranean drip irrigation cultivation comprises steps as follows:

(1) Buried pipes: After the land is leveled and deep plowed, the underground branch pipes are buried underground at a depth of 10-20cm. The buried spacing of the underground branch pipes complies with the wheelbase of agricultural wheeled tractors stipulated in JB/T8300-1999. kind;

(2) Ridging: Ridging on the ground where underground branch pipes are buried, compacting and leveling to form a ridge body, wherein the ridge width is 30-40cm, and the ridge height is 30-40cm; a lever is installed at one end of the ridge a bracket, connecting the driving rod with the first linkage rod;

(3) Field management:

When watering the crops: the water is pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water penetrates into the stratum soil through the water outlet of the underground branch pipe, and is directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

When fertilizing crops: the water and fertilizer are pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water and fertilizer penetrate into the stratum soil through the outlet on the underground branch pipe, and are directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

The agricultural machinery whose wheelbase is adapted to the spacing of underground branch pipes is used to drive on the back of the ridges to realize various field operations; the field operations include harrowing, sowing, spraying and harvesting, and soybeans are sown between adjacent ridges.

Embodiment 2,

A method for fixed ridge cultivation and subterranean drip irrigation cultivation as described in Example 1, the difference is that the cultivated crop of this embodiment is cotton.

Embodiment 3,

A method of fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation as described in Example 1, the difference is that a steel wool 11-1 is provided on the second linkage rod 11 of the underground irrigation device.

Embodiment 4,

A method of fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation as described in Example 1, the difference is that the clamping part of the underground irrigation device includes a plurality of support bars 13 arranged in an umbrella shape.

Embodiment 4,

A method of fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation as described in Example 1, the difference is that the first linkage rod 10 and the driving rod 7-2 are connected through the second rotating shaft 14 in the underground irrigation device.

Embodiment 5,

A method of fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation as described in Example 1, the difference is that the top of the diversion cover 9 in the underground irrigation device is arranged horizontally, and the bottom of the diversion cover is inclined to the horizontal. .

Embodiment 6,

As in Example 1, a method for fixed ridge cultivation and underground drip irrigation cultivation, the difference is that the driving lever 7-2 in the underground irrigation device includes an underground pole 7-4 and an aboveground pole 7-5, and the aboveground pole 7- The bottom end of 5 is connected by thread with the upper end of described underground rod 7-4.

The working method of the device of underground irrigation as described in embodiment 1-6, comprises steps as follows:

(1) Connect the surface main pipe 1 of the underground irrigation device with the underground branch pipe 2, bury the underground branch pipe 2, and install the above-ground driving rod bracket 7 on the ridge; connect the driving rod 7-2 with the first linkage rod 10;

(2) When the underground irrigation device is used to drip-irrigate the crops, the first linkage rod 10 and the third linkage rod 12 are linked to move outward through the lever 7-2 of the lever bracket 7 to drive the diversion The cover 9 is separated from the water outlet 8, and the water and fertilizer for the drip irrigation enter the formation along the underground branch pipe 2, the water outlet 8, and the diversion cover 9;

(3) When the crops are drip-irrigated without the device for underground irrigation, through the lever 7-2 of the lever bracket 7, the first linkage lever 10 and the third linkage lever 12 are linked to move inward to drive the diversion The cover 9 is closed with the water outlet 8, and the water and fertilizer for drip irrigation flow along the underground branch pipe 2.

Embodiment 7,

A kind of fixed ridge cultivation as described in embodiment 1,2, the method for subterranean drip irrigation cultivation is applied on the North China Plain plain wheat-corn rotation farmland, comprises steps as follows:

(1) After the autumn harvest, that is, in the first ten days of October in the Gregorian calendar, level the land, spread fertilizers, and use agricultural machinery to plow the land;

(2) Buried pipes: After the land is leveled and deep plowed, the underground branch pipes are buried in the ground at a depth of 10-20cm. kind;

(3) Ridging, ridges are formed on the ground where underground branch pipes are buried, compacted and leveled to form a ridge body, wherein the ridge width is 30-40cm, and the ridge height is 30-40cm; a driving lever is installed at one end of the ridge a bracket, connecting the driving rod with the first linkage rod;

(4) Field management in wheat season:

When watering wheat: the water is pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water penetrates into the stratum soil through the outlet on the underground branch pipe, and is directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

When fertilizing wheat: the water and fertilizer are pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water and fertilizer penetrate into the stratum soil through the outlet on the underground branch pipe, and are directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

Utilize agricultural machinery whose wheelbase is adapted to the distance between underground branch pipes to drive on the back of the ridge to realize various field operations; the field operations include harrowing, sowing, spraying and harvesting, and sowing wheat between adjacent ridges;

(5) Corn season field management:

After the wheat is harvested, the corn sowing machinery is broadcast live,

When watering corn: the water is pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water penetrates into the stratum soil through the outlet of the underground branch pipe, and is directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

When fertilizing corn: the water and fertilizer are pumped into the underground branch pipe through the surface main pipe through the water pump, and the water and fertilizer penetrate into the stratum soil through the water outlet on the underground branch pipe, and are directly absorbed and utilized by the root system of the crop;

Utilize the agricultural machinery whose wheelbase is adapted to the spacing of underground branch pipes to drive on the back of the ridge to realize various field operations; the field operations include harrowing, sowing, spraying and harvesting, and sowing corn between adjacent ridges;

(6) Field management of the next crop:

After the corn is harvested, the original ridge does not move. If the ridge body becomes smaller, the soil will be cultivated and compacted again until the ridge width is 30-40cm and the ridge height is 30-40cm; use a rotary tiller with a width corresponding to the ridge spacing , plow the planting belt between the ridges, repeat step (3), and repeat the cycle of wheat-corn rotation.

Table 1 is according to the cultivation method of the present invention and the existing cultivation method of the crops described in embodiments 1, 2, and 7, and a comparative test table for the absorption of fertilizer and water.

Table 1

Find out by table 1, when utilizing fixed ridge farming of the present invention, the method for subterranean drip irrigation cultivation to cultivate crops, the absorption rate of crops to water and fertilizer is much higher than the existing cultivation method.

Claims (7)

1. the method for a fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, the method utilizes the subsurface irrigation of device realization to crop of subsurface irrigation, the device of described subsurface irrigation comprise earth's surface supervisor, lower branch line and driving lever support on the ground, described earth's surface supervisor is connected by snap joint with ground lower branch line; Described ground driving lever support comprises and is arranged on rack body on field and driving lever, and described driving lever is rotationally connected by the first rotating shaft and described rack body; The sidewall of the side of described ground lower branch line is provided with multiple delivery port, has kuppe in the outer setting of described delivery port, the kuppe that the water outlet being positioned at lower branch line one end place, ground is arranged is connected with described driving lever by the first gangbar; Described whole kuppe is connected with described first gangbar by the 3rd gangbar; The position that described kuppe is relative with delivery port is provided with the second gangbar, described second gangbar runs through and is arranged in described delivery port, in described ground lower branch line, be also provided with screens parts be connected with described second gangbar, for realizing the location to kuppe, prevent kuppe from all being hauled out;

A method for fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, comprises step as follows:

(1) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, is embedded in underground by ground lower branch line, and the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and the spacing of burying underground of described ground lower branch line meets in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan of JB/T 8300-1999 regulation a kind of;

(2) ridging: be embedded with the surface location ridging of ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, forming ridge body, wherein row spacing 30-40cm, ridge height 30-40cm; Driving lever support is installed in one end on described ridge, is connected by described driving lever with the first gangbar;

(3) field management:

When watering to crop: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;

During to crop fertilization: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;

The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sow crop.

2. fix the application of method on Wheat Maize Rotation farmland, level land, the North China Plain for ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise step as follows:

(1) after autumn harvest, be i.e. solar calendar early October, leveling earth, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, utilize agricultural machinery to plough deeply soil;

(2) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, is embedded in underground by ground lower branch line, and the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and the spacing of burying underground of described ground lower branch line meets in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan of JB/T 8300-1999 regulation a kind of;

(3) ridging, is being embedded with the surface location ridging of ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, is forming ridge body, wherein row spacing 30-40cm, ridge height 30-40cm; Driving lever support is installed in one end on described ridge, is connected by described driving lever with the first gangbar;

(4) wheat season field management:

When watering to wheat: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;

During to wheat fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;

The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sow wheat;

(5) corn season field management:

After harvesting wheat, it is live to carry out corn seeding machinery,

When watering to corn: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;

During to corn fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;

The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, seeding corn between adjacent ridge;

(6) next in season crop field management:

After harvest corn, original ridge is motionless, as ridge body diminishes, then again earths up, compacting, until row spacing 30-40cm, and ridge height 30-40cm; Adopt the rotovator of operation wide cut corresponding to distance between the ridges, turn over to growth belt between ridge, repeat step (3), Wheat Maize Rotation goes round and begins again.

3. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, the second gangbar described in the device of subsurface irrigation is provided with steel wool.

4. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, screens parts comprise the support bar of many arrangements in umbrella.

5. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, kuppe is connected by the second rotating shaft with described driving lever by the first gangbar.

6. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, the top of kuppe is in being horizontally disposed with, and bottom and the level of described kuppe are inclined to set.

7. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, driving lever comprises ground lower beam and ground upper boom, and the bottom of described ground upper boom and the upper end of described ground lower beam are threaded connection.