CN103416185B - Fixed ridge culture and subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method - Google Patents
Fixed ridge culture and subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103416185B CN103416185B CN201310297669.7A CN201310297669A CN103416185B CN 103416185 B CN103416185 B CN 103416185B CN 201310297669 A CN201310297669 A CN 201310297669A CN 103416185 B CN103416185 B CN 103416185B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fixed ridge culture and subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method. The method includes the steps of pipe laying, ridging and field management. According to the step of field management, in the process of crop watering, water is pumped into subsurface branch pipes through a surface main pipe by using a water pump, and the water seeps into stratum soil through water outlets in the subsurface branch pipes; in the process of crop fertilization, water and fertilizer are pumped into the subsurface branch pipes through the surface main pipe by using the water pump, and the water and fertilizer seep into the stratum soil through the water outlets in the subsurface branch pipes and are directly absorbed and utilized by crop roots; various field operations are achieved by driving an agricultural machine on ridge backs, wherein the wheel base of the agricultural machine is matched with the distance between the subsurface branch pipes, and the field operations include harrowing, sowing between adjacent ridges, spray and harvesting. The fixed ridge culture and subsurface drip irrigation cultivation method can improve the degree of mechanization of agricultural production, avoid plow pans, enable the crop roots to absorb and utilize the water directly with the subsurface drip irrigation technology, achieve integration of water and fertilizer, improve the use ratio of the water and fertilizer, and save resources and manual labor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, be a kind of applicable large area Dry Farmland ridge planting technology in particular, belong to the technical field of agricultural cultivation.
Background technology
Agricultural production is the source of the basic necessities of life of the mankind, and existence originally.Throughout history, agricultural production successively experienced by primitive farming, traditional farming and modern agriculture three phases.Since modern age, extensive use oil power machinery in agricultural production, the external chemicals such as a large amount of use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, add the progress of irrigation and water conservancy perfect, improvement of crop cultivar and culture technique gradually, agricultural productivity improves greatly, grain yield increases considerably, to some extent solve the demand that food quantity increases and nutrition improves because population growth brings, but along with expanding economy, increasing people leaves rural area and migrates city, agriculture plantation area is also in continuous minimizing simultaneously, and agricultural is faced with new problems and tips.With regard to northern China dry land cultivation area, there is following problem (for Wheat Maize Rotation) at present:
1) be pursuit high yield in agricultural production, drop into a large amount of fertilizer, cause utilization rate of fertilizer low, cause the wasting of resources, and be with environmental pollution.Its reason mainly producer, in order to save time, decreases fertilizer application frequency, improves fertilizer amount.Be generally fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields when ploughing or mechanical planting time bring into as base fertilizer, due to mechanically actuated inconvenient during plant growth, be difficult to realize ditching-fertilizing, earthing operation, generally manually spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, impose number of times in the majority with 1 time.
2) water scarcity is obvious gradually on the impact of agricultural production.Nearly 400 billion cubic meters of the current whole nation water deficit of normal time, wherein agriculture lack of water about 300 billion cubic meter, not only the water yield lacks, and water pollutions situation is also on the rise.Because agricultural uses water rich and influential family, its water consumption accounts for 70% of national water total amount, wherein 90% irrigates for plant husbandry, but very serious in agriculturally water waste situation, and national irrigation water using efficiency only has about 40%.Along with industry and the development of urbanization and the raising of living standards of the people, increasing water is used to meet needs that are industrial and resident living, and irrigation water will be more nervous, and in recent years, national area suffered from drought reaches more than 3,300 ten thousand hectares every year on average.
3) agricultural machinery is popularized gradually when crop is cultivated and gather in the crops, but when using, track is not fixed, and define tillage pan gradually, the formation of tillage pan can affect crop to moisture, nutrien utilization.And when ploughing every year, owing to not fixing track, can only travel on the soil after ploughing, ploughing rear soil soft, when agricultural machinery is travelled, resistance is large, and oil consumption is high.On the other hand, owing to not fixing track, the agricultural mechanical operation just application when planting and gather in the crops, during plant growth, field management can't be applied easily.
For improving the availability of moisture and fertilizer, water-fertilizer integral becomes current agricultural and produces an important development direction.This technology is the agrotechnique that water and fertilizer are synchronously supplied, by the solution that soluble solids or liquid fertilizer are mixed with, by pressure system, irrigate together with water, evenly, regularly, quantitatively crop root development growth region is infiltrated according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of soil nutrient content and crop species and feature, moisture, nutrient timing, quantitatively, be in proportion directly supplied to crop, meeting crop different growing stages needs water, needs fertilizer, thus reaches the object improving crop quality, increasing both production and income.Drip irrigation is the principal mode of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, is divided on the ground and two kinds, underground situation at the position in field according to hollow billet in drip irrigation project:
1) by different install on ground, between Irrigation Period, the system of hollow billet and irrigator not movement is called the fixed system in ground.The present drip irrigation overwhelming majority adopts this type systematic.Its advantage be install, easy to maintenance, be also convenient to check ground moistening and measure dripping end flow change situation; Shortcoming be hollow billet and irrigator be easy to damage and aging, also have impact to field farming.
2) hollow billet and the whole buried system of irrigator (mainly water dropper) are called the fixed system in underground.This is updating and improving at drip irrigation technique in recent years, just occurs after irrigator blocking reduces, and application area expands gradually.Compared with the fixed system in ground, its advantage decreases evaporation from topsoil and salt accumulation, eliminates the hollow billet work of installation and removal and failure loss of equipment before and after crop-planting and results, extends the service life of equipment; And earth's surface does not have pipeline, do not affect the simple and easy farming operation in field, but in the middle of actual use procedure, it is installed, and process of deployment is comparatively complicated, and the water dropper of described embedded underground easily blocks, once damage, its replacement and maintenance cost is larger.
Underground drip irrigation is generally acknowledged it is one of the most rising efficient water-saving irrigation technology by common people, but is still restricted in the application of the large Tanaka of Farming, and it is a more crucial factor that the pipeline being wherein embedded in underground can affect machinery operation of turning over.So be generally that pipeline is embedded into below plow layer in prior art, it is 40cm that Chinese patent literature CN202588004U proposes underground drip irrigation arm buried depth, although the depth of implements of current rotary plow can be avoided, but embedding position is excessively dark, operation is taken a lot of work, moisture can be caused simultaneously, nutrient runs off downwards, reduce the effect of underground drip irrigation.
Along with the propelling of China's industrialization, urbanization process, the enforcement of land transformation policy, soil will realize intensive manufacture gradually, operator for can realize field production management mechanization, precision, economized technical need can be more and more stronger.
Summary of the invention
For defect described in the prior art and deficiency, the invention provides a kind of method of fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation.While present invention achieves the field operation of agricultural machinery between the plant growth picking period, destructive farming is not carried out to field crops and ridge; The present invention also utilizes the subsurface irrigation device of unique texture to carry out precision management to the water and fertilizer management of field crops, achieves efficient field liquid manure management.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method of fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, the method utilizes the subsurface irrigation of device realization to crop of subsurface irrigation, the device of described subsurface irrigation comprise earth's surface supervisor, lower branch line and driving lever support on the ground, described earth's surface supervisor is connected by snap joint with ground lower branch line; Described ground driving lever support comprises and is arranged on rack body on field and driving lever, and described driving lever is rotationally connected by the first rotating shaft and described rack body; The sidewall of the side of described ground lower branch line is provided with multiple delivery port, has kuppe in the outer setting of described delivery port, the kuppe being positioned at the setting of lower branch line one end place, ground is connected with described driving lever by the first gangbar; Described whole kuppe is connected with described first gangbar by the 3rd gangbar; The position that described kuppe is relative with delivery port is provided with the second gangbar, described second gangbar runs through and is arranged in described delivery port, in described ground lower branch line, be also provided with screens parts be connected with described second gangbar, for realizing the location to kuppe, prevent kuppe from all being hauled out;
A method of work for the device of subsurface irrigation, comprises step as follows:
(1) earth's surface of the device of subsurface irrigation supervisor is connected with ground lower branch line, buries ground lower branch line underground, ridge is installed driving lever support on the ground; Described driving lever is connected with the first gangbar;
(2) when utilizing the device of subsurface irrigation to carry out drip irrigation to crops, by the driving lever of driving lever support, move outside the first gangbar described in interlock and the 3rd gangbar, drive described kuppe and described delivery port to leave, the liquid manure of described drip irrigation enters stratum along described ground lower branch line, delivery port, kuppe;
(3) when the device without the need to subsurface irrigation carries out drip irrigation to crops, by the driving lever of driving lever support, move in the first gangbar described in interlock and the 3rd gangbar, drive described kuppe and described delivery port to close, the liquid manure of described drip irrigation flows along described ground lower branch line.
A method for fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, comprises step as follows:
(1) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, is embedded in underground by ground lower branch line, and the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and the spacing of burying underground of described ground lower branch line meets in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan of JB/T8300-1999 regulation a kind of;
(2) ridging: be embedded with the surface location ridging of ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, forming ridge body, wherein row spacing 30-40cm, ridge height 30-40cm; Driving lever support is installed in one end on described ridge, is connected by described driving lever with the first gangbar;
(3) field management:
When watering to crop: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
During to crop fertilization: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sow crop.When selected agricultural machinery is tractor, described tractor tire directly travels at ridge back, and then realizes field operation.
The application of method on Wheat Maize Rotation farmland, level land, the North China Plain for above-mentioned fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, comprises step as follows:
(1) after autumn harvest, be i.e. solar calendar early October, leveling earth, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, utilize agricultural machinery to plough deeply soil;
(2) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, is embedded in underground by ground lower branch line, and the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and the spacing of burying underground of described ground lower branch line meets in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan of JB/T8300-1999 regulation a kind of;
(3) ridging, is being embedded with the surface location ridging of ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, is forming ridge body, wherein row spacing 30-40cm, ridge height 30-40cm; Driving lever support is installed in one end on described ridge, is connected by described driving lever with the first gangbar;
(4) wheat season field management:
When watering to wheat: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
During to wheat fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sow wheat.When selected agricultural machinery is tractor, described tractor tire directly travels at ridge back, and then realizes field operation.
(5) corn season field management:
After harvesting wheat, it is live to carry out corn seeding machinery,
When watering to corn: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
During to corn fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, seeding corn between adjacent ridge.When selected agricultural machinery is tractor, described tractor tire directly travels at ridge back, and then realizes field operation.
(6) next in season crop field management:
After harvest corn, original ridge is motionless, as ridge body diminishes, then again earths up, compacting, until row spacing 30-40cm, and ridge height 30-40cm; Adopt the rotovator of operation wide cut corresponding to distance between the ridges, turn over to growth belt between ridge, repeat step (3), Wheat Maize Rotation goes round and begins again.
Preferred according to the present invention, the second gangbar described in the device of subsurface irrigation is provided with steel wool.The advantage herein designed is, when moving outside the second gangbar, described steel wool is used for the silt brush of blocking delivery port to open, avoid silt to be back in ground lower branch line simultaneously, while preventing the blocking of delivery port, the effect of filtering silt can also be played, substantially prolongs the service life of ground lower branch line.
Preferred according to the present invention, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, screens parts comprise the support bar of many arrangements in umbrella.The advantage herein designed is, carries out early stage complexity and installs, directly screens parts can be mounted to delivery port, avoid burying underground the damage to delivery port and kuppe in process after burying ground lower branch line underground without the need to lower branch line over the ground; The support bar of the umbrella arrangement simultaneously can also effective filtering silt, avoids the blocking of delivery port further.
Preferred according to the present invention, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, kuppe is connected by the second rotating shaft with described driving lever by the first gangbar.The advantage herein designed is, prevents the second gangbar from described delivery port, disturbance occurring.
Preferred according to the present invention, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, the top of kuppe is in being horizontally disposed with, and bottom and the level of described kuppe are inclined to set.The advantage herein designed is, described top contributes to the silt blocked in stratum move down in being horizontally disposed with, and described bottom is inclined to set, and contributes to carrying out water conservancy diversion to liquid manure, discharges silt in time, prevents from blocking delivery port.
Preferred according to the present invention, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, driving lever comprises ground lower beam and ground upper boom, and the bottom of described ground upper boom and the upper end of described ground lower beam are threaded connection.When agricultural machinery walked by needs on ridge, described ground upper boom is separated with ground lower beam, facilitates agricultural machinery normally to walk on ridge.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, present invention employs the subsurface irrigation device of unique texture, by line operate enterprising on ridge, the opening and closing of interlock kuppe, realize linking sub-terrain operations on the ground, avoid the blind area operation burying drip irrigation pipe underground, effectively prevent delivery port from blocking, substantially prolongs the service life of ground lower branch line.
2. the method for a kind of fixing ridge culture of the present invention, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, after achieving disposable pipe laying, ridging, uses for years, no longer turns over to ridge body, ridging again.By water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor when watering to crop, moisture infiltrates soil by the weeper be embedded on ground lower branch line, and crop root can directly absorb and utilize moisture, can add chemical fertilizer, realize liquid manure supply integrated in pipeline.During farming operation, the operation wide cut of agricultural machinery is corresponding with distance between the ridges, the tire of tractor directly travels at ridge back, can not damage and be embedded in drip irrigation appliance under ridge, tractor wheels diameter is enough large, make agricultural machinery height of the carbody higher than the height of crop in growth, also do not damage the crop grown between ridge.With fixing ridge culture for track, the convenient application of agricultural machinery can be realized, avoid agricultural machinery compacting more large regions farmland, decrease the formation of tillage pan; Simultaneously with fixing ridge culture for fixing track, repeatedly compacting, agricultural machinery, under running resistance above, reduces oil consumption greatly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of earth's surface supervisor and ground lower branch line in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
In FIG, 1, earth's surface supervisor, 2, lower branch line, 3, fast connector, 4, the fixing ridge on earth's surface, 5, growth belt between ridge, 6, field road;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the device of a kind of subsurface irrigation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is vertical view when kuppe described in Fig. 2 cuts out;
Fig. 5 is the panoramic structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2;
In Fig. 2-Fig. 5,2, lower branch line; 7, driving lever support; 7-1, rack body, 7-2, driving lever; 7-3, the first rotating shaft; 7-4, lower beam; 7-5, upper boom; 8, delivery port; 9, kuppe; 10, the first gangbar; 11, the second gangbar; 11-1, steel wool; 12, the 3rd gangbar; 13, umbrella shaped support bar; 14, the second rotating shaft.
Embodiment
Be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment and Figure of description, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1,
The crop that this embodiment is cultivated is soybean.
A kind of method of fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, the method utilizes the subsurface irrigation of device realization to crop of subsurface irrigation, the device of described subsurface irrigation, comprise earth's surface supervisor 1, lower branch line 2 and on the ground driving lever support 7, described earth's surface supervisor 1 is connected by snap joint 3 with ground lower branch line 2; Described ground driving lever support 7 comprises and is arranged on rack body 7-1 on field and driving lever 7-2, described driving lever 7-2 are rotationally connected by the first rotating shaft 7-3 and described rack body 7-1; The sidewall of the side of described ground lower branch line 2 is provided with multiple delivery port 8, has kuppe 9 in the outer setting of described delivery port 8, the kuppe 9 being positioned at the setting of lower branch line 2 one end place, ground is connected with described driving lever 7-2 by the first gangbar 10; Described whole kuppe 9 is connected with described first gangbar 10 by the 3rd gangbar 12; The position that described kuppe 9 is relative with delivery port 8 is provided with the second gangbar 11, described second gangbar 11 runs through and is arranged in described delivery port 8, in described ground lower branch line 2, be also provided with screens parts be connected with described second gangbar 11, for realizing the location to kuppe 9, prevent kuppe 9 from all being hauled out;
The method of above-mentioned fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, comprises step as follows:
(1) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, is embedded in underground by ground lower branch line, and the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and the spacing of burying underground of described ground lower branch line meets in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan of JB/T8300-1999 regulation a kind of;
(2) ridging: be embedded with the surface location ridging of ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, forming ridge body, wherein row spacing 30-40cm, ridge height 30-40cm; Driving lever support is installed in one end on described ridge, is connected by described driving lever with the first gangbar;
(3) field management:
When watering to crop: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
During to crop fertilization: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sow soybean.
Embodiment 2,
The method of a kind of fixing ridge culture as described in Example 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, the crop that this embodiment is cultivated is cotton.
Embodiment 3,
The method of a kind of fixing ridge culture as described in Example 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, the second gangbar 11 described in subsurface irrigation device is provided with steel wool 11-1.
Embodiment 4,
The method of a kind of fixing ridge culture as described in Example 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, described in subsurface irrigation device, screens parts comprise the support bar 13 of many arrangements in umbrella.
Embodiment 4,
The method of a kind of fixing ridge culture as described in Example 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, described in subsurface irrigation device, the first gangbar 10 is connected by the second rotating shaft 14 with described driving lever 7-2.
Embodiment 5,
The method of a kind of fixing ridge culture as described in Example 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, described in subsurface irrigation device, the top of kuppe 9 is in being horizontally disposed with, and bottom and the level of described kuppe are inclined to set.
Embodiment 6,
As the method for embodiment 1 one kinds of fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, its difference is, described in subsurface irrigation device, driving lever 7-2 comprises ground lower beam 7-4 and ground upper boom 7-5, and the bottom of described ground upper boom 7-5 and the upper end of described ground lower beam 7-4 are threaded connection.
The method of work of the device of subsurface irrigation as described in embodiment 1-6, comprises step as follows:
(1) earth's surface of the device of subsurface irrigation supervisor 1 is connected with ground lower branch line 2, buries ground lower branch line 2 underground, ridge is installed driving lever support 7 on the ground; Described driving lever 7-2 is connected with the first gangbar 10;
(2) when utilizing the device of subsurface irrigation to carry out drip irrigation to crops, by the driving lever 7-2 of driving lever support 7, move outside the first gangbar 10 described in interlock and the 3rd gangbar 12, drive described kuppe 9 to leave with described delivery port 8, the liquid manure of described drip irrigation enters stratum along described ground lower branch line 2, delivery port 8, kuppe 9;
(3) when the device without the need to subsurface irrigation carries out drip irrigation to crops, by the driving lever 7-2 of driving lever support 7, move in the first gangbar 10 described in interlock and the 3rd gangbar 12, drive described kuppe 9 to close with described delivery port 8, the liquid manure of described drip irrigation flows along described ground lower branch line 2.
Embodiment 7,
As described in embodiment 1,2, fix the application of method on Wheat Maize Rotation farmland, level land, the North China Plain for ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, comprise step as follows:
(1) after autumn harvest, be i.e. solar calendar early October, leveling earth, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, utilize agricultural machinery to plough deeply soil;
(2) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, is embedded in underground by ground lower branch line, and the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and the spacing of burying underground of described ground lower branch line meets in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan of JB/T8300-1999 regulation a kind of;
(3) ridging, is being embedded with the surface location ridging of ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, is forming ridge body, wherein row spacing 30-40cm, ridge height 30-40cm; Driving lever support is installed in one end on described ridge, is connected by described driving lever with the first gangbar;
(4) wheat season field management:
When watering to wheat: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
During to wheat fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sow wheat;
(5) corn season field management:
After harvesting wheat, it is live to carry out corn seeding machinery,
When watering to corn: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
During to corn fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, seeding corn between adjacent ridge;
(6) next in season crop field management:
After harvest corn, original ridge is motionless, as ridge body diminishes, then again earths up, compacting, until row spacing 30-40cm, and ridge height 30-40cm; Adopt the rotovator of operation wide cut corresponding to distance between the ridges, turn over to growth belt between ridge, repeat step (3), Wheat Maize Rotation goes round and begins again.
Table 1 is crop described in embodiment 1,2,7 according to cultivation method of the present invention and existing cultivation method, to the comparative trial table that rich water absorbs.
Table 1
Found out by table 1, utilize fixing ridge culture of the present invention, the method for subsurface drip irrigation cultivation is when cultivating crops, crops to water, fertile absorption ratio all far away higher than existing cultivation method.
Claims (7)
1. the method for a fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, the method utilizes the subsurface irrigation of device realization to crop of subsurface irrigation, the device of described subsurface irrigation comprise earth's surface supervisor, lower branch line and driving lever support on the ground, described earth's surface supervisor is connected by snap joint with ground lower branch line; Described ground driving lever support comprises and is arranged on rack body on field and driving lever, and described driving lever is rotationally connected by the first rotating shaft and described rack body; The sidewall of the side of described ground lower branch line is provided with multiple delivery port, has kuppe in the outer setting of described delivery port, the kuppe that the water outlet being positioned at lower branch line one end place, ground is arranged is connected with described driving lever by the first gangbar; Described whole kuppe is connected with described first gangbar by the 3rd gangbar; The position that described kuppe is relative with delivery port is provided with the second gangbar, described second gangbar runs through and is arranged in described delivery port, in described ground lower branch line, be also provided with screens parts be connected with described second gangbar, for realizing the location to kuppe, prevent kuppe from all being hauled out;
A method for fixing ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, comprises step as follows:
(1) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, is embedded in underground by ground lower branch line, and the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and the spacing of burying underground of described ground lower branch line meets in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan of JB/T 8300-1999 regulation a kind of;
(2) ridging: be embedded with the surface location ridging of ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, forming ridge body, wherein row spacing 30-40cm, ridge height 30-40cm; Driving lever support is installed in one end on described ridge, is connected by described driving lever with the first gangbar;
(3) field management:
When watering to crop: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
During to crop fertilization: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sow crop.
2. fix the application of method on Wheat Maize Rotation farmland, level land, the North China Plain for ridge culture, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise step as follows:
(1) after autumn harvest, be i.e. solar calendar early October, leveling earth, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, utilize agricultural machinery to plough deeply soil;
(2) pipe laying: after ground levelling is ploughed deeply, is embedded in underground by ground lower branch line, and the depth of burying is 10-20cm, and the spacing of burying underground of described ground lower branch line meets in the agriculture wheel tractor wheelspan of JB/T 8300-1999 regulation a kind of;
(3) ridging, is being embedded with the surface location ridging of ground lower branch line, compacting, leveling, is forming ridge body, wherein row spacing 30-40cm, ridge height 30-40cm; Driving lever support is installed in one end on described ridge, is connected by described driving lever with the first gangbar;
(4) wheat season field management:
When watering to wheat: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
During to wheat fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, between adjacent ridge, sow wheat;
(5) corn season field management:
After harvesting wheat, it is live to carry out corn seeding machinery,
When watering to corn: by water pump, water is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, water infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
During to corn fertilizing: by water pump, liquid manure is pumped into underground arm by earth's surface supervisor, liquid manure infiltrates stratum soil by ground lower branch line upper water-out mouth, is directly absorbed and utilize by crop root;
The agricultural machinery utilizing wheelbase and underground branch interval to adapt travels at ridge back, realizes the operation of various field; The operation of described field comprises rakes the soil level, sows, sprays medicine and results, seeding corn between adjacent ridge;
(6) next in season crop field management:
After harvest corn, original ridge is motionless, as ridge body diminishes, then again earths up, compacting, until row spacing 30-40cm, and ridge height 30-40cm; Adopt the rotovator of operation wide cut corresponding to distance between the ridges, turn over to growth belt between ridge, repeat step (3), Wheat Maize Rotation goes round and begins again.
3. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, the second gangbar described in the device of subsurface irrigation is provided with steel wool.
4. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, screens parts comprise the support bar of many arrangements in umbrella.
5. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, kuppe is connected by the second rotating shaft with described driving lever by the first gangbar.
6. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, the top of kuppe is in being horizontally disposed with, and bottom and the level of described kuppe are inclined to set.
7. the method for fixing ridge culture according to claim 1, subsurface drip irrigation cultivation, is characterized in that, described in the device of subsurface irrigation, driving lever comprises ground lower beam and ground upper boom, and the bottom of described ground upper boom and the upper end of described ground lower beam are threaded connection.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104904562B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-03-08 | 山东农业大学 | The method irrigated according to winter wheat root distribution |
| CN105340550A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-24 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Areca-vanilla intercropping planting method |
| CN106922488A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of corn drip irrigation device |
| CN107223435A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-10-03 | 江西省红壤研究所 | A kind of Upland Red Soil corn water-fertilizer integral implantation methods |
| CN107950330B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-05-05 | 中国农业大学 | Water-saving and efficient drop irrigation cultivation method for potatoes in cold regions |
| CN108293703A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-07-20 | 福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所（福建省农业科学院蔗麻研究中心） | A kind of anti-grass heat preservation cultural method of water-fertilizer integral |
| CN112369290A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-19 | 南京农业大学 | Wheat planting method for achieving interval ridging and salt avoidance of drip irrigation bandwidth |
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Inventor after: Wei Jianlin Inventor after: Cui Rongzong Inventor after: Jiang Lihua Inventor after: Tan Deshui Inventor after: Shi Jing Inventor after: Li Guosheng Inventor after: Zheng Fuli Inventor after: Tian Ye Inventor after: Xiao Jianjun Inventor before: Wei Jianlin Inventor before: Cui Rongzong Inventor before: Jiang Lihua Inventor before: Tan Deshui Inventor before: Shi Jing Inventor before: Li Guosheng Inventor before: Zhang Bosong Inventor before: Tian Ye Inventor before: Xiao Jianjun |
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