CN106171451A - A kind of summer corn is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed - Google Patents
A kind of summer corn is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed Download PDFInfo
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- CN106171451A CN106171451A CN201610586078.5A CN201610586078A CN106171451A CN 106171451 A CN106171451 A CN 106171451A CN 201610586078 A CN201610586078 A CN 201610586078A CN 106171451 A CN106171451 A CN 106171451A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of summer corn and survey the water-saving planting method that moisture in the soil irrigation is topdressed, belong to agricultural plantation technology field, this implantation methods realizes needing irrigation quantity when irrigating by the sprinkling irrigation of fine-spraying belt, both period of short-term drought can have been avoided to cause the Semen Maydis underproduction, conventional big yield can be avoided again to irrigate and to cause water resource waste, the present invention carries out the monitoring of soil relative water content also by the method surveying moisture in the soil, the little water yield in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation irrigates moisturizing, ensure the timely irrigation of sprinkling irrigation, the most not only ensured to economize on water but also prevent the underproduction of suffering from drought, in addition, fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water and applies in corn field by sprinkling irrigation by the present invention, avoid fertilising and enter the situation of hot milpa, can accomplish because needing fertilising, improve the service efficiency of fertilizer, improve corn yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of summer corn and survey the water-saving planting side that moisture in the soil irrigation is topdressed
Method.
Background technology
Hebei province is the grain producing region that the whole nation is important, and based on wheat and corn crop, but water resources in Hebei Province is the deficientest,
Wheat and corn bi-annual planting grain-production relies on groundwater mining for a long time and maintains, and causes the deepest maximum ground, this formation North China, region
Lower water over-extraction funnel, has caused subsoil water drainage, surface subsidence, motor-pumped well to scrap, ecology, geology and the society such as irrigation cost increase
Problem, how alleviating the contradiction between shortage of water resources and wheat and corn grain-production irrigation requirement is to solve the problems referred to above
Crucial.At present, the year total water consumption (i.e. ET) of the winter wheat summer corn planting system in Hebei province is about 800mm, wherein Semen Tritici aestivi consumption
Water 420mm, Semen Maydis water consumption about 380mm, the average annual rainfall about 510mm of growing area, wherein wheat growing season rainfall about 120mm,
Summer corn Growing season about rainfall 390mm, in wheat planting, about 70mm can be provided by soil, and 230mm needs to irrigate and meets, and Semen Maydis
The total period of duration of rainfall averagely can meet growth demand, but during corn seeding, general soil is arid, needs to water once to go out during sowing
Miao Shui, each irrigation amount general 75-90mm during border irrigation, such Semen Maydis total supply in season is up to 465-480mm, higher than needing water
Amount, the time rainfall in addition having is uneven, and Semen Maydis there will be stage arid to be needed to irrigate, each 75-90mm of border irrigation amount, so
The total supply of Summer Corn Growing Period reaches 540mm-570mm, and summer corn output in season, far beyond demand, on the one hand causes
Valuable water resource waste, on the other hand causes the Nutrient Leaching of soil available N, not only wastes fertilizer but also cause underground water pollution.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the deficiency of existing corn planting method, it is provided that a kind of summer corn is surveyed moisture in the soil and irrigated the water saving topdressed
Implantation methods, the work that this implantation methods is irrigated by surveying moisture in the soil to instruct and topdressed so that the accuracy irrigate, topdressed carries significantly
Height, turn avoid the excess of irrigation water while the water requirement of corn growth is met, and significantly alleviates Nutrient Leaching and makes
The soil pollution become.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of summer corn is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed, and this implantation methods carries out jade after first crop harvesting wheat
Rice sowing, and with corn seeding applying seed manure, after planting carries out the irrigation in later stage, topdresses and prevent and treat the operation of disease pest and weed, treat
Gathering in the crops after Semen Maydis maturation, key point is, described Semen Maydis carries out 0-respectively in seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage and pustulation period
The monitoring of 20cm deep soil relative water content, the soil relative water content recorded at seedling stage≤55%, jointing stage≤65%, take out
Irrigating respectively when fringe phase≤65%, pustulation period≤60%, described irrigation is to carry out by the way of sprinkling irrigation, irrigation water
Amount is 13-18m3。
The described more conventional thickness of sowing of corn seeding density increases 10%-15%.
Described seed manure mu consumption is 15-20Kg, and the fertile distance with kind is not less than 10cm.
Described Semen Maydis is after planting carrying out the monitoring of 0-20cm deep soil relative water content, if the soil phase recorded
During to water content less than 70%, then the irrigation of the water that needs to carry out to emerge, irrigate and use the mode of sprinkling irrigation to carry out, the irrigation water of sprinkling irrigation
Amount is 18-22m3。
Described topdressing is fertilizer to dissolve in the water-fertilizer integral carried out in irrigation water topdress, and topdresses at water-fertilizer integral
Time, the duty of sprinkling irrigation is 8-12m3, chase after carbamide 16-20Kg/ mu in the typhon mouth phase, chase after carbamide 6-10Kg/ at heading stage
Mu.
Described sprinkling irrigation is carried out by micro-spray system, micro-spray system include one group be set in parallel in corn field micro-
Spray band, fine-spraying belt connects has water delivery mechanism, water delivery mechanism to include water pump, force (forcing) pump, filter and the aqueduct being sequentially connected with,
The input of water pump is connected with iirigation water source, and aqueduct outfan is connected with fine-spraying belt input.
Described fine-spraying belt is the oblique five hole fine-spraying belts of PE material, a diameter of 60-70mm of described fine-spraying belt, fine-spraying belt
Spacing be 1.6-2.0m.
Described Semen Maydis was gathered in the crops to 10 days October 1, and within 10-12 days before results, carried out 0-20cm degree of depth soil
The monitoring of relative water content in earth, sprays when the relative water content recorded is less than or equal to 78%, and duty is 25-
30m3。
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention realizes needing irrigation quantity when irrigating by the sprinkling irrigation of fine-spraying belt, both
The Semen Maydis underproduction that period of short-term drought causes can be avoided, conventional big yield can be avoided again to irrigate the water resource waste caused, this
The bright monitoring carrying out soil relative water content also by the method surveying moisture in the soil, instructs the duty of sprinkling irrigation according to survey moisture in the soil result,
The soil moisture index of each growth period combines the little water yield sprinkling irrigation of sprinkling irrigation and Semen Maydis is carried out moisturizing, it is ensured that the timely spray of fine-spraying belt
Fill, so can either economize on water to greatest extent, the underproduction of suffering from drought that being prevented from again sprays causes not in time, additionally, this
Bright middle fertilizer dissolved in irrigation water and applies in corn field by sprinkling irrigation, form the irrigation method of liquid manure one, it is to avoid tradition
Fertilising needs to enter the situation of hot milpa, can accomplish, because needing fertilising, to improve the service efficiency of fertilizer, contribute to jade simultaneously
The raising of rice yield.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of micro-spray system in the present invention.
In accompanying drawing, 1, water pump, 2, force (forcing) pump, 3, filter, 4, conveyance conduit, 5, iirigation water source, 6, fertilizer applicator, 7, fertilising
Pond, 8, field arm, 9, fine-spraying belt.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of summer corn and survey the water-saving planting method that moisture in the soil irrigation is topdressed, this implantation methods is in the little wheat harvest of first crop
Carry out corn seeding after obtaining, and with corn seeding applying seed manure, after planting carry out the irrigation in later stage, topdress and prevent and treat disease pest and weed
Operation, gather in the crops after Semen Maydis maturation, described Semen Maydis carries out 0-respectively in seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage and pustulation period
The monitoring of 20cm deep soil relative water content, the soil relative water content recorded at seedling stage≤55%, jointing stage≤65%, take out
Irrigating respectively when fringe phase≤65%, pustulation period≤60%, described irrigation is to carry out by the way of sprinkling irrigation, irrigation water
Amount is 13-18m3。
Specific embodiment, after first crop harvesting wheat, carries out the sowing of summer corn immediately, selects resistance to close type resistance and high-yielding
Summer Corn Varieties, such as Zheng Dan 958, first jade 335 etc., selects capsuled seed to prevent soil pest and disease damage, uses the row such as 60cm during sowing
Away from, depth of planting 3cm-5cm, planting density more conventional plantation increase by 12%, under conventional seed planting density, the calculating of every mu of application rate
Formula is 667 ÷ (line-spacing × spacing in the rows), such as: line-spacing 0.6m, spacing in the rows 0.25m, and every mu of application rate is 667 ÷ (0.6 × 0.25)
≈ 4447 strain, then in the method that the present invention relates to, the application rate of Semen Maydis is 4447 × (1+12%)=4980 strain.Broadcast with Semen Maydis
Planting applying seed manure, seed manure is NPK equilibrium compound fertilizer or corn fertilizer (total nutrient amount is more than 45%), and the mu consumption of seed manure is
18kg, the fertile distance planted, at more than 10cm, prevents seed manure from burning the phenomenon planted, and Semen Maydis carries out 0-20cm deep soil phase after planting
Monitoring to water content, if the soil relative water content recorded is less than 70%, then the irrigation of the water that needs to carry out to emerge, irrigate
The mode using sprinkling irrigation is carried out, and the duty of sprinkling irrigation is 18-22m3。
The sprinkling irrigation of emergence of corn water and grow the moisturizing sprinkling irrigation in each period and carried out by micro-spray system, such as Fig. 1 institute
Showing, micro-spray system includes the one group of fine-spraying belt 9 being set in parallel in corn field, and fine-spraying belt 9 connects water delivery mechanism, water delivery mechanism
Including the water pump 1 being sequentially connected with, force (forcing) pump 2, filter 3 and aqueduct 4, the input of water pump 1 is connected with iirigation water source 5,
Aqueduct 4 outfan is connected with fine-spraying belt 9 input, carries out the laying of fine-spraying belt 9 after corn seeding, and fine-spraying belt 9 selects PE
The oblique five hole fine-spraying belts of material, a diameter of 65mm, spacing is 1.8m, and the cost of this fine-spraying belt 9 is about 170 yuan/mu, fine-spraying belt 9
Outfan identical with the structure of conventional sprinkling irrigation, additionally, water delivery mechanism is also associated with fertilizer applicator 6, conveniently carry out liquid manure one
Sprinkling irrigation, when needing to topdress, dissolves fertilizer in fertilization pool 7, is delivered in aqueduct 4 by fertilizer solution with fertilizer applicator 6, fertilizer
Through filter 3 after solution and irrigation water mixing, after being filtered by impurity, it is delivered to field through being embedded in the aqueduct 4 of underground again
Arm 8, is finally distributed to fine-spraying belt 9 by field arm 8, and oblique five hole fine-spraying belts carry out final field sprinkler, in liquid manure one
When change is topdressed, the duty of sprinkling irrigation is 10m3, chase after carbamide 18Kg/ mu in the typhon mouth phase, chase after carbamide 8Kg/ mu at heading stage.
After emergence of corn, i.e. carry out soil moisture content monitoring according to period of duration, use earth boring auger oven-dried weight mensuration or use TDR soil
Earth soil moisture measure method carries out surveying moisture in the soil, fathoms as 0-20cm, in the soil relative water content that each period records, in seedling stage
≤ 55%, when jointing stage≤65%, heading stage≤65%, pustulation period≤60%, moisturizing irrigation, each every mu of irrigation are carried out respectively
The water yield is different because purpose of pouring water is different, and for the purpose of topdressing, i.e. soil moisture content not yet reaches the above soil moisture index that need to irrigate
Time, only to irrigate as topdressing, mu time irrigation volume is 10m3, for the purpose of drought resisting, i.e. soil moisture content reaches the above soil moisture content that need to irrigate and refers to
Timestamp, mu time irrigation volume is 15m3If, not only drought resisting but also apply fertilizer, then irrigate by drought resisting standard.
Summer corn is suitably postponed can improve yield harvest time, typically will postpone till harvest time at the beginning of 10 months, 10-before harvest corn
About 12 days, carry out surveying moisture in the soil, survey moisture in the soil degree of depth 0-20cm, if carrying out micro-when the soil relative water content recorded is less than or equal to 78%
Sprinkling irrigation is irrigate, and for lower harvest wheat moisture creating, simultaneously facilitates Semen Maydis grouting volume increase, and general moisture creating water irrigation quantity is 25-30m3/ mu, if
Soil Moisture Monitoring soil moisture content is more than 78%, does not the most carry out micro spray irrigation.
Before harvest corn, fine-spraying belt dismantled from milpa and spool, receiving Tian Biandui and put well, build standard with plastic foil
For use in the coming year, this fine-spraying belt can use 3-5 continuously, when soil moisture content is suitable for mechanical work, i.e. uses corn combined harvester
Machine harvesting corn, after harvest corn soil moisture content the most suitably descend stubble Semen Tritici aestivi wholely and sowing.
Claims (8)
1. summer corn is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed, and this implantation methods carries out Semen Maydis after first crop harvesting wheat
Sowing, and with corn seeding applying seed manure, after planting carries out the irrigation in later stage, topdresses and prevent and treat the operation of disease pest and weed, treat jade
Gather in the crops after rice maturation, it is characterised in that: described Semen Maydis carries out 0-respectively in seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage and pustulation period
The monitoring of 20cm deep soil relative water content, the soil relative water content recorded at seedling stage≤55%, jointing stage≤65%, take out
Irrigating respectively when fringe phase≤65%, pustulation period≤60%, described irrigation is to carry out by the way of sprinkling irrigation, irrigation water
Amount is 13-18m3。
A kind of summer corn the most according to claim 1 is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed, it is characterised in that: described
The more conventional thickness of sowing of corn seeding density increase 10%-15%.
A kind of summer corn the most according to claim 1 is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed, it is characterised in that: described
Seed manure mu consumption be 15-20Kg, fertile with the distance planted not less than 10cm.
A kind of summer corn the most according to claim 1 is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed, it is characterised in that: described
Semen Maydis after planting carrying out the monitoring of 0-20cm deep soil relative water content, if the soil relative water content recorded is less than
When 70%, then the irrigation of the water that needs to carry out to emerge, to irrigate and use the mode of sprinkling irrigation to carry out, the duty of sprinkling irrigation is 18-22m3。
A kind of summer corn the most according to claim 1 is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed, it is characterised in that: described
To topdress be fertilizer to dissolve in the water-fertilizer integral carried out in irrigation water topdress, when water-fertilizer integral topdresses, the irrigation of sprinkling irrigation
The water yield is 8-12m3, chase after carbamide 16-20Kg/ mu in the typhon mouth phase, chase after carbamide 6-10Kg/ mu at heading stage.
A kind of summer corn the most according to claim 1 is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed, it is characterised in that: described
Sprinkling irrigation carried out by micro-spray system, micro-spray system includes the one group of fine-spraying belt (9) being set in parallel in corn field, micro-spray
Band (9) connects water pump (1), force (forcing) pump (2), filter (3) and the water-supply-pipe having water delivery mechanism, water delivery mechanism to include being sequentially connected with
Road (4), the input of water pump (1) is connected with iirigation water source (5), and aqueduct (4) outfan is with fine-spraying belt (9) input even
Connect.
A kind of summer corn the most according to claim 6 is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed, it is characterised in that: described
The oblique five hole fine-spraying belts that fine-spraying belt is PE material, a diameter of 60-70mm of described fine-spraying belt, the spacing of fine-spraying belt is 1.6-
2.0m。
A kind of summer corn the most according to claim 1 is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed, it is characterised in that: described
Semen Maydis gathered in the crops to 10 days October 1, and 10-12 days before results carry out relative hydration in 0-20cm deep soil
The monitoring of amount, sprays when the relative water content recorded is less than or equal to 78%, and duty is 25-30m3。
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Cited By (6)
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| CN107231924A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-10-10 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | It is harvested for one time each year corn planting farmland storage snow and subtracts steaming efficient water use regulation and control method |
| CN107646581A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-02 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Underground water limit adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow |
| CN107691142A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-02-16 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of highland barley resists the implantation methods of arid |
| CN107810806A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-20 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of production method of Ya Cailiangzuo areas Fodder corn |
| CN108901762A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-30 | 河南省水利科学研究院 | A kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method |
| CN116171814A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Efficient cultivation management method for 'ton and half grain' of wheat-corn |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107646581A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-02 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Underground water limit adopts area's one season corn saving irrigation model implantation methods of lying fallow |
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| CN108901762A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-30 | 河南省水利科学研究院 | A kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method |
| CN116171814A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Efficient cultivation management method for 'ton and half grain' of wheat-corn |
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Application publication date: 20161207 |