CN108901762A - A kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method - Google Patents
A kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108901762A CN108901762A CN201810842555.9A CN201810842555A CN108901762A CN 108901762 A CN108901762 A CN 108901762A CN 201810842555 A CN201810842555 A CN 201810842555A CN 108901762 A CN108901762 A CN 108901762A
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- soil moisture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water methods.By continuing to monitor the soil moisture dynamic in summer corn irrigation wetting depth for a long time, using determining soil moisture lower control limit as reference, when soil moisture is higher than soil moisture lower control limit, do not need to irrigate；When soil moisture is lower than soil moisture lower control limit, in conjunction with weather forecast determine at that time and following several days weather conditions, further according to the seedling stage growing way of summer corn, whether comprehensive descision, which needs, is irrigated.Determine that, according to the irrigating water quota implementation irrigation determined in step 1, when necessary, irrigation time is delayed for no irrigation, and this method helps to inhibit agricultural water resources wasting phenomenon and groundwater mining phenomenon, improves the irrigation water using efficiency in region when needing to irrigate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of water-saving irrigation, in particular to a kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method.
Background technique
Surface irrigation is irrigation method common in China's semiarid region Summer Maize Production semi-moist, has saving of labor, low consumption,
And the advantages that convenient to carry out, but irrigation water using efficiency is lower, quality of pouring water control difficulty it is larger the disadvantages of it is equally generally existing.To the greatest extent
The Water Saving Irrigation Modes such as pipe application slight irrigation, sprinkling irrigation very advantageous in terms of improving irrigation water using efficiency and quality of pouring water, but it is higher
Build peace cost and the maintenance cost that persistently puts into for harvest Summer Maize Production person of the seed to obtain economic benefit,
The Water Saving Irrigation Modes such as relatively advanced microspray irrigation are selected to mean further increasing for production cost, the market of its opposite product
Competitiveness does not significantly improve.However, selection conventional ground irrigation then means that excess and excess irrigation phenomenon moment can occur,
Because the irrigating water quota of the quality requirement design of pouring water of surface irrigation is generally bigger than normal, often the irrigating water quota in actual used water is more
Greatly.With the raising of National agricultural scientific and technological productive forces level, different types of irrigation rig, monitoring device and product are answered step by step
Field is irrigated for conventional ground, but product has focused largely on transmission & distribution water improved efficiency on the market at present, and to specific moisture
The accurate monitoring of index or information feedback etc., lack based on crop water demand, real-time weather condition and index of pouring water etc.
The Precision Irrigation of multi-factor comprehensive is optimized with water.
The growth period of summer corn is shorter, and summer rainwater is more but hot weather, to give one's full attention to the prison to soil moisture
Survey and the comparison with soil moisture lower control limit.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water methods.
Summer corn growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way is including but not limited to some conventional Agronomy indexes, since what production must be implemented chases after
Fertilizer is sprayed insecticide and the farming activities such as herbicide；Irrigated after stage of wax ripeness and be unfavorable for machine and receive and easily lead to lodging, above situation into
It equally can not be ignored when row irrigation decision.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method, includes the following steps：
Step 1, it determines growth period locating for summer corn, is determined under irrigating water quota and soil moisture control according to Summer Corn Growing Period
Limit；
Step 2, soil moisture continues to monitor, and when soil moisture is higher than soil moisture lower control limit, does not need to irrigate, returns to step
Rapid 1；
Step 3, it when soil moisture is lower than soil moisture lower control limit, is determined at that time and following several days days in conjunction with weather forecast
Gas situation, further according to the summer corn growth of cereal crop seedlings and growing way situation, whether comprehensive descision, which needs, is irrigated, and when determination does not need to irrigate, will be filled
The time is irrigate to delay；
Step 4, during delaying in irrigation time, continue to carry out monitoring soil moisture result and soil moisture lower control limit pair
Than not needing to irrigate, returning to step 1 when soil moisture is higher than soil moisture lower control limit；
Step 5, when determination needs to irrigate, implement to irrigate according to set irrigating water quota.
Preferably, in step 1, actually required irrigation quantity is calculated according to irrigating water quota and practical field area.
Preferably, further comprising the steps of：
Step 6, irrigation water capacity is measured, when irrigation water capacity reaches actually required irrigation quantity, stops irrigating, return to
Step 2.
Preferably, the soil lower control limit is measured with accounting for the percentage of field capacity, the growth period point of summer corn
For seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, pustulation period, irrigating water quota of the summer corn before the jointing stage is 60mm, and summer corn is in the jointing stage
And the irrigating water quota after the jointing stage is between 75mm-90mm, in seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, the soil water sub-control of pustulation period
Lower limit processed is respectively between 45%~55%, between 50%~60%, between 60%~65%, between 50%~60%.
Preferably, using high yield as target, irrigating water quota of the summer corn before the jointing stage is 60mm, and summer corn is in the jointing stage
And the irrigating water quota after the jointing stage be 90mm, summer corn in seedling stage, the jointing stage, tasseling stage, the soil moisture of pustulation period control
Lower limit is respectively 55%, 60%, 65%, 60%.
Preferably, taken into account with high yield it is water-saving for target, irrigating water quota of the summer corn before the jointing stage be 60mm, summer corn
Irrigating water quota after jointing stage and jointing stage is 75mm, summer corn in seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, the soil of pustulation period
Moisture lower control limit is respectively 45%, 50%, 60%, 50%.
Preferably, before step 1, monitoring soil moisture device is arranged in field.
Preferably, in step 6, measuring equipment is irrigated in setting in farm irrigation system.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
（1）By determining irrigating water quota and soil moisture lower control limit, duty can be effectively controlled, field irrigation water is effective
Usage factor and crop water productivity are significantly increased, and water-saving effect of reducing expenditure and increasing income is obvious, more traditional ground irrigation method section
20% or more water.
（2）Soil moisture is continued to monitor using monitoring soil moisture device, by the real-time monitoring result of soil moisture content and
Weather forecast combine, to whether needing to irrigate carry out comprehensive descision, be conducive to make full use of natural precipitation, and change in the past with
Farming experience implements the thinking irrigated, and is conducive to Peasants in Scientific irrigation；On the other hand irrigating water quota is reduced, improves matter of pouring water
Amount and water-use efficiency, reasonable irrigating water quota greatly reduce irrigation leakage, also reduce and seep under fertilizer leaching to underground water
Pollution.
（3）Help to inhibit agricultural water resources wasting phenomenon and groundwater mining phenomenon, the irrigation water for improving region is used
Rate.
（4）Real-time soil moisture content rain condition information can be achieved can look into, irrigation water qutoa it is controllable, the soil moisture content of summer corn can be carried out
It continues to monitor, covers the entire growth cycle of summer corn.
（5）Due to summer rainwater mostly again hot weather, soil moisture content transformation is very fast, with soil moisture lower control limit carry out
Repeatedly comparison, guarantees the accuracy of judgement, and can optimize the process of judgement, shortens the period of judgement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is referring to Fig. 1：
Management principle easy to produce is followed, Summer Corn Growing Period is divided into seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage and pustulation period；Determine the summer
The irrigation wetting depth depth in corn each growth period, it is believed that the irrigation wetting depth depth before and after jointing be respectively 60cm and
It can guarantee summer corn normal growth and development when 100cm.
Scientific and operability principle is followed, the growth characteristic of summer corn is determined with many years campaign result：
1. fertility initial soil moisture deficiency can obviously restrict growth and the dry-matter accumulation of summer corn plant height and leaf area, and one
The arid peak value that can inhibit summer corn normal plants and eventually lead to the agronomic traits such as its plant height for determining degree becomes smaller；Jointing
Phase water stress can inhibit the plant strain growth of summer corn, and inhibiting effect is aggravated with the degree that wanes and deepened；Moisture after taking out hero
It wanes and shortens effective greenery area duration of summer corn, the time that leaf area index is begun to decline also accordingly shifts to an earlier date.
2. spend rear soil moisture deficiency fruit ear can be inhibited to develop, be mainly shown as corn tassel row number and row grain number reduce,
Ear barren tip is elongated, influences kernel grouting and eventually leads to the underproduction.
3. irrigating water quota is lower than 45mm, the performances of the Other Main Agronomic Characters such as plant height and leaf area index of summer corn can be by
To inhibition, irrigating water quota, which increases the advantage plant forms building for giving birth to early period for summer corn, has positive-effect, after moderately suffering from drought
Timely rehydration still can guarantee that summer corn obtains normal plant height.
It is key water requirement period 4. the stage water consumption and water consumption intensity of summer corn jointing stage and pustulation period are larger.
5. long-term continuous drought can greatly limit the photosynthesis and transpiration of Summer Corn Leaves, even if after rehydration of suffering from drought
Its photosynthesis can not also be fully returned to normal level, should avoid long-term continuous drought as far as possible in production.
By the above growth characteristic as foundation, the irrigating water quota and soil water sub-control of summer corn different growing stages are determined respectively
Lower limit processed is main index of pouring water.
A kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method, includes the following steps：
Step 1, monitoring soil moisture device is arranged in field, determines growth period locating for summer corn, is grown according to summer corn
Phase determines irrigating water quota and soil moisture lower control limit, calculates actually required pour water according to irrigating water quota and practical field area
Amount；
Step 2, soil moisture continues to monitor, and when soil moisture is higher than soil moisture lower control limit, does not need to irrigate, returns to step
Rapid 1；
Step 3, the summer corn accurate growth period includes the Stage of Top Dressing within the jointing stage, the stage of wax ripeness within the pustulation period,
It is not suitable for irrigating in stage of wax ripeness, needs to irrigate when soil moisture is lower than soil moisture lower control limit, is determined by weather forecast
At that time and following several days weather conditions, further according to the accurate growth period of summer corn, whether comprehensive descision, which needs, was irrigated, and was determined not
When needing to irrigate, irrigation time is delayed；
Step 4, during delaying in irrigation time, continue to carry out monitoring soil moisture result and soil moisture lower control limit pair
Than not needing to irrigate, returning to step 1 when soil moisture is higher than soil moisture lower control limit；
Step 5, when determination needs to irrigate, implement to irrigate according to the irrigating water quota determined in step 1.
Step 6, measuring equipment is irrigated in setting at the water source water outlet of irrigation, is measured to irrigation water capacity, is worked as filling
When irrigating water consumption and reaching actually required irrigation quantity, stops irrigating, return to step 1.
In step 1, soil lower control limit is measured with accounting for the percentage of field capacity, and the growth period of summer corn is divided into
Seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, pustulation period, irrigating water quota of the summer corn before the jointing stage are 60mm, summer corn in the jointing stage and
Irrigating water quota after jointing stage between 75mm-90mm, in seedling stage, the jointing stage, tasseling stage, the soil moisture of pustulation period control
Lower limit is respectively between 45%~55%, between 50%~60%, between 60%~65%, between 50%~60%.
In the case where using high yield as target, irrigating water quota of the summer corn before the jointing stage is 60mm, and summer corn is in jointing
Irrigating water quota after phase and jointing stage is 90mm, summer corn in seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, the soil water sub-control of pustulation period
Lower limit processed is respectively 55%, 60%, 65%, 60%.
It is taken into account with high yield water-saving in the case where target, irrigating water quota of the summer corn before the jointing stage is 60mm, Xia Yu
Irrigating water quota of the rice after jointing stage and jointing stage is 75mm, summer corn in seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, the soil of pustulation period
Earth moisture lower control limit is respectively 45%, 50%, 60%, 50%.
When using this method, field preferably meets the requirement of high standard farmland, it is proposed that selection embanked field is irrigated, embanked field specification ginseng
Practical according to locality production, furrow are wide can moderately to be adjusted according to machine sowing or site preparation situation, but no more than 3.3 meters, furrow are long to be no more than
80 meters are advisable；The time interval of acquisition monitoring soil moisture device measurement data is set as 8~12 hours.
By determining that duty can be effectively controlled in irrigating water quota, field irrigation water effective utilization coefficients and crop water are raw
Yield is significantly increased, and water-saving effect of reducing expenditure and increasing income is obvious, more traditional ground irrigation method water-saving 20% or more.
Soil moisture is continued to monitor using monitoring soil moisture device, by the real-time monitoring result and weather of soil moisture content
Forecast combines, and to whether needing to irrigate carry out comprehensive descision, is conducive to make full use of natural precipitation, and change in the past with farming
Experience implements the thinking irrigated, and is conducive to Peasants in Scientific irrigation；On the other hand reduce irrigating water quota, improve pour water quality and
Water-use efficiency, reasonable irrigating water quota greatly reduce irrigation leakage, also reduce the dirt seeped under fertilizer leaching to underground water
Dye.
This method helps to inhibit agricultural water resources wasting phenomenon and groundwater mining phenomenon, improves the irrigation water in region
With rate.
This method can realize real-time soil moisture content rain condition information can look into, irrigation water qutoa it is controllable, can be to the soil moisture content of summer corn
It is continued to monitor, covers the entire growth cycle of summer corn.
Due to summer rainwater mostly again hot weather, soil moisture content transformation is very fast, with soil moisture lower control limit carry out it is more
Secondary comparison, guarantees the accuracy of judgement, and can optimize the process of judgement, shortens the period of judgement.
It is tested using this method in the field experiment area of certain experiment station, 41.6 mu of the experimental plot gross area, in 2015 6
The moon 8 was sowed, and was harvested on September 25th, 2015,109 days full growth periods.4800 plants/acre of summer corn machine sowing planting density, broadcasts preceding machine
It applies fertilizer to the subsoil 50kg/ mus（N:P:K=28:6:6）, 15~20cm of fertilization depth.Other field management measures（Fertilising, weeding, diseases prevention
Worm etc.）It is consistent, management level is referring to general high-yield field.
In this experiment, experimental plot in seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage and the soil moisture lower control limit of pustulation period be respectively
45%, 50%, 60%, 50%, while normal irrigation way to manage plantation farmland is set（CK1）With full growth period severe water stress agriculture
Field（CK2）As control.CK2 processing soil moisture lower control limit in seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage and pustulation period be respectively 40%,
45%,55%,45%.The method that experimental plot uses quantitative water supply, when soil moisture content reaches Irrigation scheduling, referring to meteorology portion
Weather forecast in door 5~7 is as a result, selectively irrigated, and irrigation method is hose micro spray irrigation, before the jointing stage
Irrigating water quota is 60mm, and the irrigating water quota after jointing stage and jointing stage is 75mm, full growth period severe water stress farmland
（CK2）It is consistent with the irrigation method and irrigating water quota in experimental plot, normal irrigation way to manage plants farmland（CK1）According to
The irrigation habit of local farmers is irrigated, and records each secondary irrigation time and irrigation volume in detail.
In this experiment, the water consumption such as following table in summer corn full growth period：
Normal irrigation way to manage plants farmland（CK1）Total water consumption about 31.1mm low compared with experimental plot, more full growth period severe
Water stress farmland（CK2）High about 123.2mm.
In this experiment, summer corn grain yield such as following table：
As seen from the table, the mass of 1000 kernel in experimental plot and yield highest.
In this experiment, the Water Consumption Characteristics of summer corn, grain yield and WUE such as following table：
It is calculated by data in table in it is found that the water consumption in summer corn season constitutes, effective rainfall accounting is 87.72% or more, irrigation water
It accounts for smaller.
Farmland is planted with normal irrigation way to manage（CK1）Compare, the total water consumption in summer corn experimental plot, grain yield and
WUE（Efficiency of water application）About -6.01%, 1.10% and 7.56% is increased separately, the irrigation volume in summer corn experimental plot is reduced
26.23%；Correspondingly, with full growth period severe water stress farmland（CK2）It compares, total water consumption, the seed in summer corn experimental plot
Yield and WUE（Efficiency of water application）About 23.27%, 18.41% and -3.94% are increased separately.
By testing in experimental plot, summer corn can realize water-saving 26.23%, increase production 1.10%, WUE（Efficiency of water application）It mentions
High by 7.56%, this mainly has benefited from current irrigation method and turns to based on finely irrigating from traditional extensive irrigation, and passes through
High-efficient water use control technique is taken, it can be achieved that survey moisture in the soil is irrigated, irrigating water quota is controllable, irrigation water management has evidence.
After implementing this method, summer corn can not only realize high yield, and WUE（Efficiency of water application）It significantly improves.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment,
All technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1, it determines growth period locating for summer corn, is determined under irrigating water quota and soil moisture control according to Summer Corn Growing Period
Limit；
Step 2, soil moisture continues to monitor, and when soil moisture is higher than soil moisture lower control limit, does not need to irrigate, returns to step
Rapid 1；
Step 3, it when soil moisture is lower than soil moisture lower control limit, is determined at that time and following several days days in conjunction with weather forecast
Gas situation, further according to the summer corn growth of cereal crop seedlings and growing way situation, whether comprehensive descision, which needs, is irrigated, and when determination does not need to irrigate, will be filled
The time is irrigate to delay；
Step 4, during delaying in irrigation time, continue to carry out monitoring soil moisture result and soil moisture lower control limit pair
Than not needing to irrigate, returning to step 1 when soil moisture is higher than soil moisture lower control limit；
Step 5, when determination needs to irrigate, implement to irrigate according to set irrigating water quota.
2. summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1, according to
Irrigating water quota and practical field area calculate actually required irrigation quantity.
3. summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It further include following step
Suddenly：
Step 6, irrigation water capacity is measured, when irrigation water capacity reaches actually required irrigation quantity, stops irrigating, return to
Step 2.
4. summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In step 1, described
Soil lower control limit is measured with accounting for the percentage of field capacity, and the growth period of summer corn is divided into seedling stage, the jointing stage, takes out hero
Phase, pustulation period, irrigating water quota of the summer corn before the jointing stage are 60mm, summer corn pouring water after jointing stage and jointing stage
Quota between 75mm-90mm, in seedling stage, the jointing stage, tasseling stage, the soil moisture lower control limit of pustulation period respectively 45%~
Between 55%, between 50%~60%, between 60%~65%, between 50%~60%.
5. summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Using high yield as target,
Irrigating water quota of the summer corn before the jointing stage is 60mm, and irrigating water quota of the summer corn after jointing stage and jointing stage is
90mm, summer corn in seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, the soil moisture lower control limit of pustulation period be respectively 55%, 60%, 65%,
60%。
6. summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：It is taken into account with high yield water-saving
For target, irrigating water quota of the summer corn before the jointing stage is 60mm, and summer corn pouring water after jointing stage and jointing stage is determined
Volume is 75mm, summer corn in seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, the soil moisture lower control limit of pustulation period be respectively 45%, 50%,
60%、50%。
7. summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method according to claim 1-4, it is characterised in that：In step
Before 1, monitoring soil moisture device is arranged in field.
8. summer corn Precision Irrigation optimization water method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In step 6, in agriculture
Measuring equipment is irrigated in setting in the irrigation system of field.
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| CN106171451A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of summer corn is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed |
| CN106780086A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of irrigation water management system and management method based on Farmland Water monitoring |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002281842A (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-02 | Aichi Prefecture | Automatic watering controller for protected horticulture with small amount and high frequency watering method |
| CN105210627A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-01-06 | 石河子大学 | A kind of implantation methods of the blue or green storage corn with high yield water nitrogen efficiency utilization that replays |
| CN105900792A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-08-31 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Water-saving irrigation method based on winter wheat seedling condition and soil moisture content |
| CN106171451A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of summer corn is surveyed moisture in the soil and is irrigated the water-saving planting method topdressed |
| CN106780086A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of irrigation water management system and management method based on Farmland Water monitoring |
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