CN102057775B - Controlled-salinity cultivation method for plating crop on moderate and medium and severe saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Controlled-salinity cultivation method for plating crop on moderate and medium and severe saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N Paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Abstract
The invention discloses a controlled-salinity cultivation method for plating crop on moderate and medium and severe saline-alkali soil, comprising: before sowing, irrigating saline-alkali soil for pressing salt and making soil moisture with fresh water; applying base fertilizer based on the principal of organic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil; meanwhile, applying compound fertilizer suitable for the saline-alkali soil as the assistant material; then, ploughing soil, and raking with a leveller to preserve soil moisture; furrowing and making a ridge; covering films and sowing on the high position of the ridge; carrying out close planting; and spraying growth regulator. The cultivation method has the advantages of strong adaptability and high crop output, can be used for improving the utilization ratio of the fertilizer, quickeing the soil fertility cultivation process and bringomg high agricultural use benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coastal beach using land and crop cultivating technology field, relate in particular in a kind of coastal tidal, heavy salinized control salt cultural method of planting plant.
Background technology
Nearly more than the 4000 ten thousand mu coastal beach of all kinds of gross areas that China has at present is the important reserve land resource of China, is example with the jiangsu coast, at present still with every year nearly 20,000 mu speed become silted up long.The beach saline land development and use not only can provide food source; Also can become the production carrier of important salt tolerant economic plants such as energy-source plant, medicinal plant, vegetables; Satisfy society to food and the ever-increasing needs of the energy; Being one of China rural economy growth point, also is one of important channel of alleviating present stage China's population, resource and environment contradiction.But; Coastal saline-alkali soil saline and alkaline heavy, fertility is barren, physicochemical property is poor, shortage of water resources and cultivation technique do not match and cause crop yield very low; The soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil is serious, and the salt-soda soil is administered and is prone to repeatedly, and cost is high; Many plot can only the lower salt-tolerant plant of planting benefit, or can only be let the land lie waste at last.
Done number of research projects for the control salt cultivation of salt-soda soil kind plant both at home and abroad, a lot of bibliographical informations has been arranged.The ZL200810015823.6 of Shandong Cotton Research Center coastal saline soil cotton economic fertilizing method; The ZL99126827.X of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sc large rice seedling growing technology in container for resiting cultivation in saline-alkaline land; The biological synthesis improvement method of 200910210319.6 salt-alkali shoaly lands of Liu Hongqing research; The ZL200510119012.7 severe soda saline-alkali land thatch micro ridge cultivating method of research such as Wang Zhichun; The ZL89108163.1 salt marsh method of growing plants of Duan Shijie research; The method of a 201010116508.X transforming salinization and low yield farmland of thoughtful Wei research, Shandong Normal University's ZL03111903.4 salt-soda soil improving yield of wheat cultivation technique, 200910074073.4 saline-land salt-water drip-irrigation medlar cultivation methods of researchs such as Kang Yuehu etc. all improvement are administered in the salt-soda soil and comprehensive utilization has been used as a large amount of work.
At present, utilizing aspect the plantation of beach saline land developing agricultural, how to control the realistic problem that crop root zone does not gather too many salinity, when keeping the topsoil soils salt balance, realizes high crop yield cultivation having become beach area agricultural sustainable development.Traditional good approach of coastal saline-alkali land reform and method mainly are on the basis of improvement, to plant salt tolerant again or than the crop of salt tolerant, what walk is to improve the way of afterwards utilizing earlier, and this method cycle is long, cost is high, benefit is low.The present invention is directed to that the coastal region distribution area is big, improvement utilizes the higher moderate of difficulty and heavy salinized ground; Integrated use irrigates that the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, fertilising are improved the soil, farming plays the refreshing salt of furrow, overlay film subtract steam control salt, dense planting presses down methods such as salt and high-yield culturing, realizes that direct utilization in salt-soda soil or utilization and improvement develop simultaneously.From irrigating the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching; The main big flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching mode that adopts keeps the salt balance of root district under coastal tidal area salification in the dry season condition; And confirming of irrigation volume is main with experience often, lacks and precisely irrigates process control efficiently, often causes water resource waste serious; The fertilizer application from the salt-soda soil, fertilizer and binary, NPK find broad application, but because coastal saline-alkali area rainfall in rainy season is plentiful; Dry season, the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil was strong; Be faced with and irrigate control salt to ensure the demand of crop healthy growth, the fertilizer leaching loss is serious, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low; The arable farming from the salt-soda soil; The sweet native crop conventional cultivation technology of still basic at present employing; Salt-soda soil crop yield per mu yield is merely 25% ~ 40% of normal middle high-yield field, and therefore, foundation is fit in the strand, the soil on heavy salinized ground is efficiently controlled salt and the high crop yield cultivation technique is crucial.The present invention will control salt, it is mutually integrated with cultural method to foster and apply fertilizer, and press salt to build " light soil " environment through irrigating, and utilize the soil overlay film to subtract to steam control salt to replace irrigating the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching; Reduce the fertilizer loss, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, simultaneously; The furrow of high furrow help refreshing salt in rainy season as mode; Give full play to community superiority and the individual plant advantage of salt-soda soil crop through rational close planting and in good timeization control, improve crop yield and promote the salt-soda soil soil fertility to cultivate, realize that efficient control salt, high-yield culturing and the soil fertility on beach saline-alkali ground cultivated.
The detailed structure of four electrode salt sub sensors, principle can be referring to ZL 200710020347.2; This type sensor is applicable to embedded and plug-in type; Not only can be used for the dynamic long-term position monitor of soil salt, also can be used for the quick direct-reading of plug-in type of soil salt, convenient to use; Applied widely, produce in batches by Nanjing Soil Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences's typing at present.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem:The objective of the invention is; To in the present coastal tidal, heavy salinized ground soil control salt method weak effect, technology use single, the conventional cultivation method applicability is poor, crop yield is low, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, soil fertility is cultivated a series of realistic problems such as process is slow, the agricultural use benefit is low, propose a cover and be adapted at strand moderate and heavy salinized control salt cultural method of planting plant and economic plants.
Technical scheme:In the coastal tidal, heavy salinized control salt cultural method of planting plant, irrigate the salt-soda soil with fresh water before the sowing and press salt to make moisture in the soil, in the salt-soda soil, applying then with the fertilizer is main base manure; Be aided with the salt-soda soil simultaneously and be suitable for composite fertilizer; Rake drag soil moisture conservation immediately after again soil being ploughed, the trench digging bedding is at furrow eminence mulch sowing; Dense planting sprays growth regulator.
Use before the described sowing fresh water irrigate the salt-soda soil press salt make the moisture in the soil step by: according to the definite salt desired value of controlling of the salt tolerant threshold value of institute's kinds plant; Adopt the intermittent irrigation method about 1 week the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching to be irrigated in the salt-soda soil prior to seeding; Utilize four electrode salinity sensor in real time monitoring soil desalination processes; Four electrode salt sub sensors are arranged according to 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm vertical demixings at the soil profile of planting area; Treat salinity wash-out cutting edge of a knife or a sword move to below topsoil 40 cm and the topsoil soils salt content be not higher than irrigate control salt desired value after, promptly stop to irrigate.
Described in the salt-soda soil, applying with the fertilizer is main base manure, is aided with the step that the salt-soda soil is suitable for composite fertilizer simultaneously to be: on the basis of mu organic fertilizer 50 ~ 100 kg/ mus, with do not contain ammonium ion and chlorion and N-P
2O
5-K
2The O percentage by weight is that the composite fertilizer of 15:20:10 or 18:22:8 is manured into soil after with 30 ~ 50 kg/ mu mixings.
After described soil is ploughed immediately rake drag soil moisture conservation step be: after fertilizer is manured into soil with composite fertilizer, soil is ploughed 20 ~ 30 cm, after ploughing immediately the rake drag preserve soil moisture.
Described trench digging bedding step is: the high furrow of having ditched, ridge-up bed 25 ~ 35 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2 ~ 3 m, furrow bottom width 15 ~ 25 cm.Moderate salt-soda soil ridge-up bed 25 ~ 30 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2.5 ~ 3 m, furrow bottom width 15 ~ 20 cm.Heavy salinized ground ridge-up bed 30 ~ 35 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2.0 ~ 2.5 m, furrow bottom width 20 ~ 25 cm.
Describedly in furrow eminence mulch sowing step be: adopt bunch planting way, play mulch sowing on the furrow inherent high furrow on the 1st ~ 3, adopt overlay film behind Mulching and hill-drop sowing machine sowing or the by artificial seeding, extract seedling the back of emerging from respective aperture.
Described growth regulator is mepiquat chloride or paclobutrazol.
Beneficial effect:
(1) the control soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Adopt fresh water pressure salt before broadcasting,, improved the crop emergence rate for crop emerges and " light soil " layer has been built in growth.Utilize the soil mulch sowing, have concurrently and heat soil moisture conservation, subtract and steam the control salt functional, the up table of control salinity gathers, for the crop healthy growth is created the good soil environment.Adopt the furrow of high furrow to make mode, improved the row's of filling efficient, help refreshing water salt discharge in rainy season and prevent the waterlogging stain.
(2) improve the soil to foster and apply fertilizer and put forward effect.Base manure is major-minor with the suitable composite fertilizer in salt-soda soil with fertilizer, and the raising gas permeability of soil is improved soil fertilizer and feeder capability.Adopt film-covering planting to substitute the irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of salification phase in dry season, reduced the fertilizer leaching loss, improved fertilizer utilization efficiency, promotion soil basis soil fertility promotes and quickens soil fertility and cultivate process.
(3) subtract steaming water saving soil moisture conservation.Plough deeply through deep ploughing and to cause capillary continuity to destroy, weakened that the up table of water salt gathers effect in subsoil and the underground water, practiced thrift the required water resource of the irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching; Utilize mulch bunch planting to reduce the bare soil area, reduced the soil moisture loss; Adopt dense planting and change control to make the crop plant type compact, improve coverage, reduce soil moisture and scatter and disappear, reduction crop growth phase irrigation volume.
(4) light simple applicability is wide.China's salt-soda soil resource mainly is distributed in 17 provinces and regions that comprise northwest, northeast, North China and coastal region; Have nearly 200,000,000 mu of saline-alkali wasteland and the saline and alkaline obstacle cultivated area of agricultural use potentiality, and the salt-soda soil area that can carry out agricultural use in the recent period reaches 100,000,000 mu.In this cover strand, heavy salinized control salt cultural method of planting plant will control salt, increase production and foster and apply fertilizer mutually integrated; Have light letter, low cost and characteristics simple and easy to operate; Be fit to the large tracts of land mechanized; Be applicable to that moderate saline and alkaline obstacle in large tracts of land strand is ploughed and the comprehensive improvement in heavy salinized wasteland utilizes with efficient; All have suitable applicability in the water resource landlocked salt-soda soil in North China and even northwest more in short supply simultaneously, hundred million mu of salt-soda soils of efficient development and use China are had broad prospect for its application.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 in the strand, heavy salinized control salt cultural method sketch map of planting plant; Among the figure: 1, high furrow; 2, crop; 3, film; 4, furrow across back; 5, furrow are high; 6, furrow bottom width.
Fresh water is irrigated the experimental field influence of 0 ~ 20 cm soil salt content of jerusalem artichoke, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and Grain Production of Amaranthus before broadcasting in Fig. 2 technology of the present invention.Each data is the average ± SE of 5 pedotheque measured values.
Fig. 3 utilizes technology of the present invention to the experimental field contrast of 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil soils salinity dynamic effects of jerusalem artichoke.Each data point is the average ± SE of 5 pedotheque measured values.
Fig. 4 utilizes technology of the present invention to the experimental field contrast of 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil soils salinity dynamic effects of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.Each data point is the average ± SE of 5 pedotheque measured values.
Fig. 5 utilizes technology of the present invention to the experimental field contrast of 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil soils salinity dynamic effects of Grain Production of Amaranthus.Each data point is the average ± SE of 5 pedotheque measured values.
Five, the specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
In the coastal tidal of Jiangsu, the degree salt-soda soil, 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil soils salt content is 3.1 ‰ ~ 5.6 ‰, establishes 3 repetitions, each repeats 12 m
2(experimental plot specification 4 m * 3 m).The plantation crop species is jerusalem artichoke, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and Grain Production of Amaranthus, species of jeruselem artichoke title south jerusalem artichoke No. (Su Jian jerusalem artichoke 200901) wherein, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers variety name G101B, the Grain Production of Amaranthus kind is R104.Jerusalem artichoke sowing time is on March 30th, 2009, and be on November 29th, 2009 harvest time; Be on April 1st, 2009 sowing time of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and Grain Production of Amaranthus, and the harvest date is respectively on July 17th, 2009 and August 3.Contrast is not for using this anti-plantation of salt cultural method jerusalem artichoke, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and Grain Production of Amaranthus.The place: Jin Hai farm, Cao Miao town, Dafeng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu borders on Da Feng elk Nature Reserve in the west.
In a kind of strand, heavy salinized control salt cultural method of planting plant.Its core is to press salt through fresh water supersaturation at intermittence irrigation before broadcasting, and forms beach saline-alkali ground topsoil " light soil layer " relatively, is plant growth creation good soil condition, and base manure is major-minor with the suitable N-P-K composite fertilizer in salt-soda soil with fertilizer; Be manured into soil behind the mixing, rake drag soil moisture conservation immediately after soil is ploughed deeply is in order to avoid topsoil soils is hanged the loose loss of moisture and reduced the fertilizer volatilizing loss; The trench digging bedding adopts the furrow of high furrow to make the mode mulch bunch planting, thinning early after crop emerges; The final singling in evening, rational close planting guarantees density; In good timeization control prevents the growth of crop overnutrition, makes full use of crop groups advantage and individual plant advantage.Main enforcement link is following:
(1) according to the salt tolerant threshold value and control salt desired value of kind of plant, fresh water is irrigated and is pressed salt to make moisture in the soil before crop is broadcast
A. confirm beach saline-alkali ground crop-planting regional soil control salt standard according to the salt tolerant threshold range of plantation crop varieties, confirm that foundation is that the topsoil soils salinity should not be higher than the salt tolerant threshold value in the important salinity sensitive periods of crop growth in the phase.Generally speaking, chief crop salt sensitive periods and salt tolerant threshold value are following:
The salinity sensitive periods of wheat is tillering stage and jointing heading stage, and the salt tolerant threshold value is for being not more than 2.0 g/kg soil salt contents;
Corn is the salt sensitive crop, and the salt tolerant threshold value in its breeding time is for being not more than 1.7 g/kg soil salt contents;
The salinity sensitive periods of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is seedling stage, and its salt tolerant threshold value is for being not more than 3 g/kg soil salt contents;
The salinity sensitive periods of rape is the seedling phase, and the salt tolerant threshold value is for being not more than 6.0 g/kg soil salt contents;
The salinity sensitive periods of cotton is the knot bell phase, and its salt tolerant threshold value is for being not more than 5 g/kg soil salt contents.
B. according to the salt tolerant threshold value and the soil control salt standard of plantation crop varieties,, before seeding crops, beach saline-alkali ground is carried out supersaturation and irrigate to press salt to make moisture in the soil in conjunction with the salinity dynamic real-time monitoring of four electrode salt sub sensors.Four electrode salt sub sensors are arranged according to 10 cm, 20 cm and 40 cm vertical demixings at soil profile; Adopt the intermittent irrigation method, every filling primary water, treat that it consumes naturally after, the field face is moisture state, irritates next water again, accomplishes afterwards the water water that do not see before; During the intermittent irrigation, whenever gathered four electrode salinity sensing datas, regularly grasp section soil salt situation and dynamic at a distance from 2 hours; Treat salinity wash-out cutting edge of a knife or a sword move to below topsoil 40 cm and the topsoil soils salt content be not higher than irrigate control salt index after, promptly stop to irrigate.
(2) using with fertilizer is the major-minor base manure that is suitable for composite fertilizer with the salt-soda soil
, heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer preferential, fit the principle of potassium application according to organic improving soil fertility; Preferentially use the fertilizer of amino acid>=10% (weight), organic matter>=30% (weight), humic acid>=15% (weight); On the basis of mu organic fertilizer 50 ~ 100 kg/ mus, with do not contain ammonium ion and chlorion and N-P
2O
5-K
2The O percentage by weight is that the composite fertilizer of 15:20:10 or 18:22:8 is manured into soil before broadcasting after by 30 ~ 50 kg/ mu mixings, and the base manure method of application is for spreading fertilizer over the fields.
(3) plough deeply, in time the soil moisture conservation of rake drag
After fertilizer and composite fertilizer be manured into soil, soil is ploughed 20 ~ 30 cm in 1 ~ 2 day, rake drag soil moisture conservation immediately after ploughing is in order to avoid the outstanding loose loss of moisture of topsoil soils and reduce the fertilizer volatilizing loss.
(4) the high furrow of having ditched
After ploughing, the high furrow of having ditched, ridge-up bed 25 ~ 35 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2 ~ 3 m, furrow bottom width 15 ~ 25 cm; Moderate salt-soda soil ridge-up bed 25 ~ 30 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2.5 ~ 3 m, furrow bottom width 15 ~ 20 cm; Heavy salinized ground ridge-up bed 30 ~ 35 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2.0 ~ 2.5 m, furrow bottom width 20 ~ 25 cm.
(5) make object height furrow mulch bunch planting
Play mulch sowing on the furrow inherent high furrow on the 1st ~ 3, adopt bunch planting way, can use the Mulching and hill-drop sowing machine sowing, but also overlay film behind the by artificial seeding, and extract seedling the back of emerging from respective aperture.Plastic sheeting for farm use should not be too thick or too thin, and too thin easy-weathering too thickly influences light transmission, and causes the difficulty that lifts seedlings, and generally adopts the wide spectrum plastic sheeting for farm use of thickness 0.012 ~ 0.016 mm.
(6) rational close planting
Thinning early after crop emerges, late final singling guarantees density, the main dependence of salt-soda soil high crop yield cultivation community superiority.6000 strains of cotton planting density/more than the mu, corn 5000 ~ 5500 strain/mus, transplanting rape 8000 ~ 10000 strain/mus, direct-sowing rape 15000 ~ 20000 strain/mus, jerusalem artichoke 2800 ~ 3000 strain/mus, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers 5500 ~ 6000 strain/mus.
(7) change control in good time
Spray growth regulators such as certain density mepiquat chloride, paclobutrazol in the crop overgrowing phase, prevent crop excessive growth, make that plant is downgraded, plant type is tight, the thin stalk of stalk is hard, reduces individual sensitiveness to colony's increment, and is resistant to lodging.Spray that growth regulator will carry out after fine dew is done or afternoon 4-5 point spray, spray that chance rain should fill spray in back 8 hours.。
Corn is generally in jointing stage beginning control, and the jointing stage spraying concentration is that 300 milligrams/kilogram Jin Dele or corn strengthened conditioning agents such as Feng Ling;
Cotton is generally being contained the beginning control of flower bud phase, and containing flower bud phase spraying concentration is the mepiquat chloride of 0.3～0.5 gram/kilogram;
Beginning control before transplanting rape can be transplanted in 3 leaf phases, direct-sowing rape are in the control of 5-6 leaf phase beginning, and every mu of usefulness 15% (weight) paclobutrazol wettable powder 50 grams add 50 kilograms of sprayings of water;
Winter wheat is in 100 ~ 150 gram cycocel controls of the phase of standing up (spring wheat is in the jointing stage) every mu of usefulness.
Jerusalem artichoke sprays 0.4 ~ 0.6 gram/kilogram CCC, strong Feng An etc. in squaring period and changes control, and extracts bud at any time and be beneficial to stem tuber and expand substantial.
Table 1 utilizes the contrast of crop actual measurement output under the inventive method and the control treatment.Each data is trial zone effective yield data.Wherein jerusalem artichoke output is underground stem tuber fresh weight, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers output is the seed dry weight, and Grain Production of Amaranthus output is the upperground part biomass fresh weight
Embodiment 2
In the coastal tidal, heavy salinized control salt cultural method of planting plant; Confirm control salt desired value according to the salt tolerant threshold value of kind plant; Adopt the intermittent irrigation method about 1 week the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching to be irrigated in the salt-soda soil prior to seeding; Utilize four electrode salinity sensor in real time monitoring soil desalination processes; Four electrode salt sub sensors are arranged according to 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm vertical demixings at the soil profile of planting area, treat salinity wash-out cutting edge of a knife or a sword move to below topsoil 40 cm and the topsoil soils salt content be not higher than irrigate control salt desired value after, promptly stop to irrigate.On the basis of mu organic fertilizer 50 ~ 100 kg/ mus, with do not contain ammonium ion and chlorion and N-P
2O
5-K
2The O percentage by weight is that the composite fertilizer of 15:20:10 or 18:22:8 is manured into soil after with 30 ~ 50 kg/ mu mixings; After fertilizer and composite fertilizer are manured into soil, soil is ploughed 20 ~ 30 cm, rake drag soil moisture conservation immediately after ploughing; The high furrow of having ditched; Ridge-up bed 25 ~ 35 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2 ~ 3 m, furrow bottom width 15 ~ 25 cm.Moderate salt-soda soil ridge-up bed 25 ~ 30 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2.5 ~ 3 m, furrow bottom width 15 ~ 20 cm.Heavy salinized ground ridge-up bed 30 ~ 35 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2.0 ~ 2.5 m, furrow bottom width 20 ~ 25 cm; At furrow eminence mulch sowing, adopt bunch planting way, play mulch sowing on the furrow inherent high furrow on the 1st ~ 3; Overlay film behind sowing of employing Mulching and hill-drop sowing machine or the by artificial seeding; From respective aperture, extract seedling after emerging, dense planting sprays mepiquat chloride or paclobutrazol.
Claims (3)
1. in the coastal tidal, plant the control salt cultural method of plant heavy salinizedly; It is characterized in that: irrigate the salt-soda soil with fresh water before the sowing and press salt to make moisture in the soil; Step by: according to the salt tolerant threshold value of kind plant confirm control salt desired value; Adopt the intermittent irrigation method about 1 week the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching to be irrigated in the salt-soda soil prior to seeding, utilize four electrode salinity sensor in real time monitoring soil desalination processes, four electrode salt sub sensors are arranged according to 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm vertical demixings at the soil profile of planting area; Treat salinity wash-out cutting edge of a knife or a sword move to below topsoil 40 cm and the topsoil soils salt content be not higher than irrigate control salt desired value after, promptly stop to irrigate; In the salt-soda soil, applying then with the fertilizer is main base manure, is aided with the salt-soda soil simultaneously and is suitable for composite fertilizer, and step is: on the basis of mu organic fertilizer 50 ~ 100 kg/ mus, with do not contain ammonium ion and chlorion and N-P
2O
5-K
2The O weight ratio is that the composite fertilizer of 15:20:10 or 18:22:8 is manured into soil after with 30 ~ 50 kg/ mu mixings; Rake drag soil moisture conservation immediately after again soil being ploughed, step is: after fertilizer is manured into soil with composite fertilizer, soil is ploughed 20 ~ 30 cm, after ploughing immediately the rake drag preserve soil moisture; The bedding of ditching then, step is: the high furrow of having ditched, ridge-up bed 25 ~ 35 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2 ~ 3 m, furrow bottom width 15 ~ 25 cm
At furrow eminence mulch sowing; Dense planting south jerusalem artichoke No. one, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers G101B or Grain Production of Amaranthus R104 spray growth regulator, and step is: adopt bunch planting way; Play mulch sowing on the furrow inherent high furrow on the 1st ~ 3; Overlay film behind sowing of employing Mulching and hill-drop sowing machine or the by artificial seeding, extract seedling the back of emerging from respective aperture, and growth regulator is mepiquat chloride or paclobutrazol.
2. in the coastal tidal according to claim 1, heavy salinized control salt cultural method of planting plant, it is characterized in that: moderate salt-soda soil ridge-up bed 25 ~ 30 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2.5 ~ 3 m, furrow bottom width 15 ~ 20 cm.
3. in the coastal tidal according to claim 1, heavy salinized control salt cultural method of planting plant, it is characterized in that: heavy salinized ground ridge-up bed 30 ~ 35 cm above ground level, furrow across back 2.0 ~ 2.5 m, furrow bottom width 20 ~ 25 cm.
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