CN103891517B - A kind of water and fertilizer management method of corn saving irrigation model - Google Patents
A kind of water and fertilizer management method of corn saving irrigation model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water and fertilizer management method of corn saving irrigation model, comprise the following steps: step 1, sow and irrigate with water of emerging: corn adopts wide-and narrow-row over-over mode to sow; Step 2, the irrigation of the first water and regulation and control after emerging; Step 3, bearing desire fertilizing and irrigating regulates and controls, and in the toy trumpet mouth phase to heading stage, is irrigated keep soil moisture content between 70 ~ 80% of maxmun field capacity by drip irrigation; Step 4, the regulation and control of fertility middle and later periods fertilizing and irrigating, in flowering stage to milk ripe stage, are irrigated by drip irrigation and keep soil moisture content between 80 ~ 90% of maxmun field capacity; Step 5, the water and fertilizer management before results; Step 6, select suitable reaping machine to gather in the crops, corn stem is by mechanical crushing also field.Management method of the present invention achieves the object of the fertile and liquid manure resource high-efficiency of the high yield of Maize Production under drip irrigation-Fertigation condition, high-quality, water saving, joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn planting, and particularly relates to a water-saving high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn.
Background
Corn production plays an important role in food production in China, and in the' 1000 billion jin of food production capacity plan newly increased in China (2009-2020) ], corn bears 44.1% of tasks, so that the production of corn is directly related to the food safety in China. The corn drip irrigation technology is based on the cotton drip irrigation technologyA novel grain crop irrigation technology is developed; due to the characteristic of high efficiency and water conservation, the corn drip irrigation technology starts to be popularized and applied in large area in agricultural production in recent years, the water-saving and yield-increasing effects are fully verified, and the yield level reaches 13500-21000 kg/hm2。
The problems of mechanical operation and final singling in the drip irrigation corn production procedure are effectively solved through the research and development of a drip irrigation corn pipe-laying precision seeder and the introduction of a corn harvester; the variety problem of the drip irrigation corn is solved through variety breeding and introduction; the efficient utilization of the drip irrigation corn photo-thermal resource is realized through the regulation and control of the group structure and the configuration of the row spacing of the plants.
However, in the current drip irrigation corn cultivation technical measures, the arrangement of field drip irrigation pipes is different, the irrigation quantity and the fertilization quantity are not reasonable, and the water and fertilizer cooperative management lacks technical support, which is extremely disadvantageous to the exploitation of the yield potential of corn and the improvement of the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water-saving and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a water-saving high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn comprises the following steps:
step 1, sowing and seedling emergence water irrigation: sowing the corns in an alternating mode of wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the width of the wide rows is 60-90 cm, the width of the narrow rows is 20-40 cm, and a drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow rows; selecting a water dropper of the drip irrigation tape according to the soil texture; after the seeding is finished, dripping seedling water after avoiding the weather process, wherein the irrigation quantity is every 667m2Drip 13m3～25m3Preferably, the wetting front exceeds the corn sowing row by 12-18 cm;
step 2, irrigating and regulating the first water after emergence of seedlings: irrigating first water every 667m until the upper leaves of young corn plants are rolled up230-3 drops5m3(ii) a After dripping for two hours, applying 8-10kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer with the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium being 36:8:6 with the water;
step 3, fertilization and irrigation regulation in the middle growth period: keeping the water content of the soil between 70 and 80 percent of the maximum water capacity in the field every 667m by drip irrigation from a small horn mouth period to a heading period2The water consumption is controlled to be 120-150 m3To (c) to (d); applying 7-9 kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer and 8-10kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer with the weight ratio of phosphorus to potassium being 32:15:6.5 along with water drops in a large-horn-mouth period and a heading period respectively;
step 4, fertilizing and irrigating regulation at the middle and later growth stages: in the flowering period to the milk stage, the water content of the soil is kept between 80 and 90 percent of the maximum water holding capacity in the field every 667m through drip irrigation2The water consumption is controlled to be 110-130 m3To (c) to (d); applying 8-10kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer, 5-7 kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer and 2-3 kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer with the weight ratio of phosphorus to potassium of 33:14:6 respectively in the flowering period, the kernel establishment period and the milk stage;
step 5, water and fertilizer management before harvesting: the water content of the soil in the wax ripeness stage is kept between 60 and 70 percent of the maximum field water capacity, and each 667m2The water consumption is controlled to be 30m3The following; the water content of the soil after the maturity period is controlled to be less than 65 percent of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.
Step 6, when the bracts turn yellow and the seeds become hard, the base parts of the back surfaces of the seed embryos have black layers, the milk lines disappear, and the seeds become hard, selecting a proper harvester for harvesting; before harvesting, the dropper belt is mechanically harvested and reused; corn stalks are mechanically crushed and returned to the field.
Preferably, in the step 1, selecting the drip irrigation tape drippers according to the soil texture means that: the sandy loam should be dripped with the flow rate of 2.8-3.2L/H; the flow rate of the dripper in the loam should be 2.4-2.8L/H; the clay should be selected to be a dripper with the flow rate of 1.8-2.4L/H.
Preferably, in the step 1, avoiding the weather process refers to avoiding the weather process that low temperature, strong rainfall and the like influence the development of the corns; the optimal time for sowing the corn is when the ground temperature of 5cm soil reaches 12 ℃.
In the water-saving and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn, the water consumption in the steps 3 and 4 is preferably the sum of the irrigation water amount and the rainfall amount.
The water-saving and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for the corn preferably includes the following steps in step 6: bundling and recovering the straws of the upper stubbles on the ground surface by using a straw bundling machine, then rolling, cutting and crushing the residual straws of the upper stubbles on the ground surface by using a heavy disc harrow, and uniformly mixing the crushed straws with surface soil; or firstly primarily rolling and cutting the straws of the crops on the ground surface by using a heavy disc harrow, airing and drying, then fully rolling and cutting and crushing the aired and dried straws of the crops by using the heavy disc harrow, and uniformly mixing the crushed straws with the surface soil.
The maximum field water capacity in the invention is as follows: the water quantity kept when all the pores of the soil are filled with water, namely the maximum water holding (containing) quantity which can be contained by the soil, is 25-30% of common clay, 23-27% of clay, 23-25% of loam, 20-22% of sandy loam and 7-14% of sandy soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the management method of the invention adopts wide and narrow row planting to reduce the irrigation area; the problem of inconsistent growth vigor is solved by dripping seedling emergence; the irrigation time of the first water (except the seedling emergence water) is delayed, so that the growth of the root system of the drip irrigation corn is promoted, and the lodging problem is solved; the problem of unbalanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is solved by adopting a special drip irrigation fertilizer; the problem of different nutritional requirements in each growth period is solved through different nitrogen phosphorus potassium ratios; finally, the purposes of high yield, high quality, water saving, fertilizer saving and high efficiency of water and fertilizer resources in the production of the corn under the conditions of drip irrigation and fertilization with water are achieved.
1. The water and fertilizer management method provided by the invention adopts a wide-narrow row configuration mode, and can improve the water utilization efficiency. Each 667m of the flood irrigation planting method2The water consumption is 600-800 m3The conventional drip irrigation planting mode is 667m in each2The water consumption is 500-600 m3The water content management method of the present invention is performed every 667m2The water consumption is only 300-360 m3。
2. The water and fertilizer management method provided by the invention adopts a wide-narrow row configuration and a supply mode according to the growth period, solves the problems of nutrient migration and loss, and can improve the nutrient utilization efficiency. The conventional drip irrigation planting mode is carried out every 667m2The fertilizer application is 60-80 kg, and the water and fertilizer management method of the invention is every 667m2The input amount of the formula fertilizer is only 37-49 kg.
3. The water and fertilizer management method adopts different formulas in different growth periods, and adopts the corn drip irrigation fertilizer with different weight ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early growth period, so that the problem of unbalanced corn nutrient supply in the conventional fertilization method is solved.
4. The invention controls the soil water content in the corn harvest period to be less than 65% of the maximum field water capacity, and can improve the dehydration efficiency of the mature corn kernels.
5. The water and fertilizer management method realizes the integration of water and fertilizer in the whole process and achieves the aims of saving labor, saving fertilizer, saving water, and realizing high and stable yield.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of seeding in a narrow row alternating manner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
The water-saving high-yield water and fertilizer management method for the corn is used for carrying out production tests in rural test fields of agricultural academy of Stone river, City, Uygur autonomous region, Xinjiang in 2012 and 2013, wherein the former cropping of the corn is cotton and the former cropping of the corn is 2013. And (4) carrying out farmland arrangement before winter. The research area belongs to typical temperate zone continental climate, the annual average temperature is 6.5-7.2 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 115mm, the distribution is uneven, the evaporation capacity is 1942mm, the evaporation-reduction ratio is 16.9 & gt 10, the soil is irrigated grey desert soil, the soil texture is loam, the method is suitable for the implementation of the method.
In addition, the water-saving and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for the corn is used for producing 105 pools in the five-channel city of Uygur autonomous region in Xinjiang in 2013, the former crops are cotton, and the farmland is cleared before winter. The research area of the area belongs to typical temperate zone continental climate, the annual average temperature is 6-7 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 120mm, the distribution is uneven, the evaporation capacity is 1900mm, the evaporation-reduction ratio is more than 16 & gt 10, the soil is irrigated and cultivated grey desert soil, the soil texture is clay loam, the method is applied to irrigation agriculture, and the method is suitable for implementation.
The materials used in this example were selected as follows:
corn variety: zhengdan 958.
Mulching film: a common polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.008mm is selected.
A dropper belt: selecting a single-wing labyrinth drip irrigation tape with the specification of 300-3.2; the inner diameter is 16 mm; the wall thickness is 0.18 mm; the distance between the drip holes is 300 mm; nominal flow 2.8L/h (farm yard) and 2.4L/h (105 lumps).
Branch pipe: a PE (polyethylene) black tube water tape of 75 # was selected.
Fertilizer: selecting a type I fertilizer (the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 36:8:6) special for corn drip irrigation, which is produced by Xinjiang academy of agricultural reclamation sciences; a special fertilizer II for corn drip irrigation (the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 32:15: 6.5); special fertilizer III for corn drip irrigation (the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 33:14: 6).
Example 1
Step 1, sowing and seedling emergence water irrigation: corn is sown at intervals of 30 narrow rows and 90cm wide rows (as shown in figure 1); in the middle of the narrow row for pavingArranging a drip tape, wherein one pipe is provided with two lines, and the flow rate of the drip tape is 2.8L/h; after the sowing is finished in 4 and 28 days of 2012, one drop of seedling water is uniformly discharged in 1 day of 5 months, and the irrigation quantity is 18m3The wetting front exceeds the corn seeding row by 15cm, and the corn seedlings emerge at 6 days in 5 months.
Step 2, irrigating and regulating the first water after emergence of seedlings: and (5) after 6 months and 21 days, until the upper leaves of young corn plants are rolled up, the soil moisture content is lower than 60 percent of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, irrigating, and irrigating according to the soil moisture content of each 667m232m of water drop3(ii) a After the corn is dripped with clear water for two hours, 8kg of the special corn drip irrigation fertilizer I is applied along with water.
Step 3, fertilizer application and irrigation regulation in the middle of growth: each 667m in 7 months and 2 days2Water of 33m2(ii) a Each 667m after 7 months and 12 days238m of irrigation water27kg of special corn drip irrigation fertilizer II applied along with water; 26 days 7 months per 667m236m of irrigation water3And 9kg of type II special fertilizer for drip irrigation of corn is applied along with water. The water content of the soil is kept higher than 70 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field by drip irrigation in the large-horn mouth period and the heading period, and each 667m2Co-irrigation water 107m314m of rainfall316kg of special fertilizer II for corn drip irrigation is applied.
Step 4, fertilizer application and irrigation regulation in the middle and later growth stages: each 667m in 6 days 8 months230m of irrigation water25kg of special fertilizer III for drip irrigation of the corn is applied along with water; 8 months and 15 days each 667m232m of irrigation water28kg of special fertilizer III for drip irrigation of the corn is applied along with water; 8 months and 22 days each 667m2Water of 40m33kg of special fertilizer III for drip irrigation of corn is applied along with water drops. The water content of the soil is kept higher than 80 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field by drip irrigation from the flowering period to the milk stage, and every 667m2Co-irrigation water 102m3Precipitation of 11m316kg of special fertilizer III for corn drip irrigation is applied.
Step 5, water and fertilizer management before harvesting: 9 months and 5 days each 667m222m of irrigation water2Before 9 months and 10 days, the water content of the soil is kept at about 65 percent of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, after 9 months and 10 days, the irrigation is forbidden, and the water content of the soil is kept all the timeThe water holding capacity of the field is controlled to be below 60 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field.
Step 6, recovering the dropper belt by a dropper belt recovery machine in 10 months and 1 day; after 10 months and 6 days, when the corn turns yellow when the bracts are yellow, the seeds become hard, and the base parts of the back surfaces of the seed embryos are black, a corn harvester is selected for harvesting, the water content of the harvested seeds is 19%, and the corn seeds are converted into 667m according to the water content of 12% of the corn2The yield is 1076 kg; and (3) bundling and recycling the straws of the crops on the ground surface by using a straw bundling machine in 10 months and 8 days, rolling, cutting and crushing the residual straws of the crops on the ground surface by using a daily heavy disc harrow in 10 months and 16 days, uniformly mixing the crushed straws with surface soil, and returning the mixture to the field.
Example 2
Step 1, sowing and seedling emergence water irrigation: sowing the corns at unequal row intervals of 30+90 cm; the drip tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row, one pipe is used for two rows, and the flow rate of the drip tape is 2.8L/h; after seeding is finished in 2013, 5 months and 1 day, uniformly discharging seedling water by one drop in 5 months and 7 days, wherein the irrigation quantity is 20m3The wetting front exceeds the corn seeding row by 16cm, and the corn seedlings emerge in 5 months and 15 days.
Step 2, irrigating and regulating the first water after emergence of seedlings: after 6 months and 23 days, until partial leaves at the upper part of young corn plants are rolled up, the soil moisture content is lower than 58 percent of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, irrigation is carried out, and each 667m of soil moisture content is determined236m of water drop3(ii) a After the corn is dripped with clear water for two hours, 9kg of the special corn drip irrigation fertilizer I is applied along with water.
Step 3, fertilizer application and irrigation regulation in the middle of growth: each 667m in 3 days in 7 months232m of irrigation water2(ii) a 7 months and 14 days each 667m235m of water is filled28kg of special fertilizer II for drip irrigation of corn is applied along with water; each 667m after 7 months and 25 days234m of irrigation water38kg of special fertilizer II for drip irrigation of corn is applied along with water. The water content of the soil is kept higher than 70 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field by drip irrigation in the large-horn mouth period and the heading period, and each 667m2Water 101m for co-irrigation322m of precipitation316kg of special fertilizer II for corn drip irrigation is applied.
Step 4, fertilizer application and irrigation regulation in the middle and later growth stages: each 667m in 8 months and 8 days230m of irrigation water25.5kg of special fertilizer III for drip irrigation of the corn is applied along with water; 8 months and 15 days each 667m235m of water is filled27.5kg of special fertilizer III for drip irrigation of the corn is applied along with water; 8 months and 22 days each 667m238m of irrigation water32.5kg of special fertilizer III for drip irrigation of corn is applied along with water. The water content of the soil is kept higher than 80 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field by drip irrigation from the flowering period to the milk stage, and every 667m2Irrigating water of 103m316m of precipitation315.5kg of special fertilizer III for corn drip irrigation is applied.
Step 5, water and fertilizer management before harvesting: 9 months and 8 days each 667m2Irrigating 25m2Before 9-15 days, the soil water content is kept at about 65% of the maximum field water capacity, after 9-15 days, the irrigation is forbidden, and the soil water content is always kept below 60% of the maximum field water capacity.
Step 6, recovering the dropper belt through a dropper belt recovery machine in 10 months and 10 days; after 10 months and 17 days, when the corn turns yellow when the bracts are yellow, the seeds become hard, and the base parts of the back surfaces of the seed embryos are black, a corn harvester is selected for harvesting, the water content of the harvested seeds is 20%, and the corn seeds are converted into 667m according to the water content of 12%2The yield is 1272 kg; and (3) bundling and recycling the straws of the crops on the ground surface by using a straw bundling machine in 10 months and 18 days, rolling and crushing the residual straws of the crops on the ground surface by using a 10-month and 20-day heavy disc harrow, uniformly mixing the crushed straws with surface soil, and returning the mixture to the field.
By adopting the water and fertilizer management methods in the embodiments 1 and 2, the problem of inconsistent growth vigor is solved by uniformly dripping water for seedling emergence; the irrigation time of the first water (except the seedling emergence water) is delayed, so that the growth of the root system of the drip irrigation corn is promoted, and the lodging problem is solved; the problem of unbalanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the problem of different nutritional requirements in each growth period are solved through the drip irrigation special fertilizer and different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios; finally, the purposes of high yield, high quality, water saving and fertilizer saving of the corn production under the conditions of drip irrigation and fertilization with water are achieved.
Example 3
Step 1, sowing and seedling emergence water irrigation: sowing the corns at unequal row intervals of 40+80 cm; the drip tape is laid in the middle of the narrow row, one pipe is used for two rows, and the flow rate of the drip tape is 2.4L/h; after seeding is finished in 20 days in 4 months and 4 months in 2013, uniformly discharging seedling water by one drop in 24 days in 4 months and irrigating the water by 16m3The wetting front exceeds the corn sowing row by 18cm, and the corn seedlings emerge at 5 months and 4 days.
Step 2, irrigating and regulating the first water after emergence of seedlings: and 6, 13 days after 6 months, until partial leaves at the upper part of young corn plants are rolled up, the soil moisture content is lower than 62 percent of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, irrigating, and irrigating according to the soil moisture content of each 667m235m of water drop3(ii) a After the corn is dripped with clear water for two hours, 10kg of the special corn drip irrigation fertilizer I is applied along with water.
Step 3, fertilizer application and irrigation regulation in the middle of growth: each 667m in 25 days in 6 months2Water of 33m2(ii) a 7 months and 4 days each 667m236m of irrigation water27.5kg of special fertilizer II for drip irrigation of corn is applied along with water; 7 months and 15 days each 667m236m of irrigation water3And 9kg of type II special fertilizer for drip irrigation of corn is applied along with water. The water content of the soil is kept higher than 70 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field by drip irrigation in the large-horn mouth period and the heading period, and each 667m2Irrigation water of 105m319m of rainfall316.5kg of special fertilizer II for corn drip irrigation is applied.
Step 4, fertilizer application and irrigation regulation in the middle and later growth stages: each 667m in 27 days in 7 months232m of irrigation water25kg of special fertilizer III for drip irrigation of the corn is applied along with water; 8 months and 6 days each 667m236m of irrigation water28kg of special fertilizer III for drip irrigation of the corn is applied along with water; 8 months and 13 days each 667m236m of irrigation water33kg of special fertilizer III for drip irrigation of corn is applied along with water drops. The water content of the soil is kept higher than 80 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field by drip irrigation from the flowering period to the milk stage, and every 667m2104m of water is irrigated together315m of rainfall316kg of special fertilizer III for corn drip irrigation is applied.
Step 5, water and fertilizer management before harvesting: 8 months and 26 days each 667m222m of irrigation water2Before 9 months and 5 days, the soil water content is kept at about 65% of the maximum water capacity in the field, after 9 months and 5 days, the irrigation is forbidden, and the soil water content is always kept below 60% of the maximum water capacity in the field.
Step 6, recovering the dropper belt by a dropper belt recovery machine in 25 days after 9 months; 10 months and 1 day, when the corn turns yellow when the bracts are yellow, the seeds become hard, and the base parts of the back surfaces of the seed embryos are black, selecting a corn harvester for harvesting, wherein the water content of the harvested seeds is 18%, and each 667m of the harvested seeds is converted according to the water content of 12% of the corn2The yield is 1083 kg; primarily cutting the straws of the crops on the ground surface by a heavy disc harrow for 10 months and 3 days, airing and drying, fully cutting and crushing the straws of the crops on the upper stubble which are aired and dried by the heavy disc harrow for 10 months and 15 days, uniformly mixing the crushed straws with the surface soil, and returning the mixture to the field.
By adopting the water and fertilizer management method in the embodiment 3, the problem of inconsistent growth vigor is solved by uniformly dripping water for seedling emergence; the irrigation time of the first water (except the seedling emergence water) is delayed, so that the growth of the root system of the drip irrigation corn is promoted, and the lodging problem is solved; the problem of unbalanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in corn cultivation in a cotton area and the problem of different nutritional requirements in each growth period are solved through drip irrigation special fertilizer and different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios; finally, the purposes of high yield, high quality, water saving and fertilizer saving of the corn production under the conditions of drip irrigation and fertilization with water are achieved. In addition, the wide-narrow row cultivation can be realized by spraying pesticides on a self-propelled high-stalk crop boom sprayer to prevent and control insect pests, reduce the influence of natural disasters on the growth of the corn, and overcome the serious influence on the yield caused by the emergence of corn borers, cotton bollworms, aphids, leafhoppers and red spiders after the corn is pulled out.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A water-saving high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, sowing and seedling emergence water irrigation: sowing the corns in an alternating mode of wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the width of the wide rows is 60-90 cm, the width of the narrow rows is 20-40 cm, and a drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the narrow rows; selecting a water dropper of the drip irrigation tape according to the soil texture; after the seeding is finished, dripping seedling water after avoiding the weather process, wherein the irrigation quantity is every 667m2Drip 13m3～25m3；
Step 2, irrigating with first water after seedling emergenceAnd regulation and control: irrigating first water every 667m until the upper leaves of young corn plants are rolled up230-35 m of water drops3(ii) a After dripping for two hours, applying 8-10kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer with the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium being 36:8:6 with the water;
step 3, fertilization and irrigation regulation in the middle growth period: keeping the water content of the soil between 70 and 80 percent of the maximum water capacity in the field every 667m by drip irrigation from a small horn mouth period to a heading period2The water consumption is controlled to be 120-150 m3To (c) to (d); applying 7-9 kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer and 8-10kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer with the weight ratio of phosphorus to potassium being 32:15:6.5 along with water drops in a large-horn-mouth period and a heading period respectively;
step 4, fertilizing and irrigating regulation at the middle and later growth stages: in the flowering period to the milk stage, the water content of the soil is kept between 80 and 90 percent of the maximum water holding capacity in the field every 667m through drip irrigation2The water consumption is controlled to be 110-130 m3To (c) to (d); applying 8-10kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer, 5-7 kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer and 2-3 kg of corn drip irrigation fertilizer with the weight ratio of phosphorus to potassium of 33:14:6 respectively in the flowering period, the kernel establishment period and the milk stage;
step 5, water and fertilizer management before harvesting: the water content of the soil in the wax ripeness stage is kept between 60 and 70 percent of the maximum field water capacity, and each 667m2The water consumption is controlled to be 30m3The following; controlling the water content of the soil to be below 65% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field after the maturity period;
step 6, when the bracts turn yellow and the seeds become hard, the base parts of the back surfaces of the seed embryos have black layers, the milk lines disappear, and the seeds become hard, selecting a proper harvester for harvesting; before harvesting, the dropper belt is mechanically harvested and reused; corn stalks are mechanically crushed and returned to the field.
2. The water-saving high-yield water and fertilizer management method for the corn according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 of selecting the drip tape drippers according to the soil texture is as follows: the sandy loam should be dripped with the flow rate of 2.8-3.2L/H; the flow rate of the dripper in the loam should be 2.4-2.8L/H; the clay should be selected to be a dripper with the flow rate of 1.8-2.4L/H.
3. The water-saving high-yield water and fertilizer management method for the corns according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the weather avoidance process refers to avoiding low-temperature and strong rainfall; the optimal time for sowing the corn is when the ground temperature of 5cm soil reaches 12 ℃.
4. The water-saving high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn according to claim 1, wherein the water consumption in steps 3 and 4 is the sum of the irrigation water amount and the rainfall amount.
5. The water-saving high-yield water and fertilizer management method for the corns according to claim 1, characterized in that the step 6 further comprises the steps of harvesting and soil preparation: bundling and recovering the straws of the upper stubbles on the ground surface by using a straw bundling machine, then rolling, cutting and crushing the residual straws of the upper stubbles on the ground surface by using a heavy disc harrow, and uniformly mixing the crushed straws with surface soil; or,
firstly, primarily rolling and cutting the straws of the crops on the ground surface by using a heavy disc harrow, airing and drying, then fully rolling and cutting and crushing the straws of the crops on the ground which are aired and dried by using the heavy disc harrow, and uniformly mixing the crushed straws with surface soil.
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| CN102948317A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-03-06 | 王福兰 | Corn drip irrigation cultivation method |
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