CN104303808A - Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation method - Google Patents
Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303808A CN104303808A CN201410632020.0A CN201410632020A CN104303808A CN 104303808 A CN104303808 A CN 104303808A CN 201410632020 A CN201410632020 A CN 201410632020A CN 104303808 A CN104303808 A CN 104303808A
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- watermelon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention provides a watermelon continuous cropping cultivation method and belongs to plant planting and cultivation technologies. The watermelon continuous cropping cultivation method comprises the steps of 1 performing sowing and seedling raising; 2 disinfecting a greenhouse; 3 preparing cultivation soil; 4 putting the soil into a cultivation trough; 5 performing planting; 6 performing field management; 7 performing harvest. By means of the method, the problem of watermelon continuous cropping obstacle is solved, plant diseases and insect pests are few, watermelon quality is high, cost is lower, melon farmers can achieve watermelon continuous cropping, yearly land renting and plot changing are not needed, input cultivation facilities, such as the plastic greenhouse, can be efficiently utilized for a long period of time, and good economic benefit can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of watermelon, particularly relate to a kind of Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Watermelon has good economic worth, is that peasant likes one of economic crops selecting plantation.But in cultivating watermelon, avoid continuous cropping most, because there is the problem of continuous cropping obstacle, when continuous cropping obstacle to refer in same soil continuous cultivation of the same race or equal crop, also can there is with normal cultivation management measure the phenomenon that plant growth gesture dies down, yield and quality declines.The harm of greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping obstacle mainly soil-borne disease fusarium wilt virus.Watermelon soil-borne disease fusarium wilt, be the disease that a kind of serious threat watermelon is produced, pathogen mainly survives the winter in soil, can in soil more than Survival for 10 Years, borrow earth earth, fertilizer, irrigation water and seed are propagated, and invade morbidity at the wound in underground root system and rhizome portion.In addition, the long-term continuous cropping of melon causes the poor and plant root secretion of some nutritive element and the accumulation of residue in soil, produces oneself and poisons, affect the growth of plant, occur continuous cropping obstacle.The longest term of general greenhouse watermelon continuous cropping is 3 years, just very easily occurs continuous cropping obstacle more than 3 years, main manifestations be exactly watermelon when blooming for first batch, just there is withered symptom in tendril, serious even can have no harvest.
For avoiding continuous cropping obstacle to affect, the method that melon grower often adopts changes plot, crop rotation, grafting etc.Change plot mean every year all need again to find applicable growth of watermelon plot, again take land on lease, also need again construction and protection ground facility, human and material resources, financial resources bring a lot of trouble to grower; Crop rotation utilizes various crop root distribution kind that is different, that absorb nutritive element different with quantity, and the difference of root system residue and damage by disease and insect reaches diseases prevention and prevents the object of continuous cropping obstacle, the nonirrigated farmland rotation cycle requires 7-8, paddy field 3-5, rice field-upland field rotation can shorten the rotation cycle, and this method is for the development seriously limiting its watermelon industry the plantation family of watermelon is mainly planted in hope; Grafting watermelon plantation generally prevents watermelon blight from propagating with cucurbit, pumpkin etc. as stock grafting, although this method can extend the time of watermelon continuous cropping, still do not have fundamentally eliminating continuous cropping obstacle, and the taste of watermelon is easily affected.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the problems referred to above, provide one can realize watermelon sequential cropping cultivation, damage by disease and insect is few, and quality of watermelon is good, lower-cost Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation, comprises following operation:
(1) seeding and seedling raising: annual sowing in 2 ~ March, with boiling hot kind of hot water, seed soaking and vernalization before broadcasting, loads seedling medium in seedling-cultivating tray, can sow after trickle;
(2) booth sterilization: cultivation booth was carried out disinfection in 1 ~ 2 week before field planting, melon canopy open-ventilating 3 ~ 5 days after sterilization, before field planting; Sulphur fumigation method, tpn fumigant or Sukeling fumigant etc. can be adopted to carry out disinfection, also can water spill soil with carbendazim, 50% topsin, 75% fenaminosulf, 1000 times of liquid, " shuang xiao ling ", anti-wither chemical 300 times of liquid of 50%;
(3) cultivating soil is prepared: mixed cultivating soil before field planting, in cultivating soil, mixed weight percentage is the decomposed manure of 10 ~ 15%, described cultivating soil be the new peat composed of rotten mosses bought and vermiculite mixes in proportion or upper one year after sterilization with the peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite composite soil crossed; The ratio of the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is 3 ~ 4:1;
(4) cultivating groove dress soil: cultivating soil ready in operation 3 is poured in the cultivating groove in plastic tunnel, fills cultivating groove, flush with groove; Described cultivating groove is for digging pit at plantation row, and the surrounding in hole, with brick good, makes cultivating groove inner width 0.9 ~ 1.1 meter, high 0.2 ~ 0.3 meter, and bottom land paving layer of plastic film and surface soil are isolated; The line-spacing of plantation row is 3 ~ 3.5 meters, and namely the centre distance of two cultivating grooves is 3 ~ 3.5 meters;
(5) field planting: when the watermelon seedling in seedling-cultivating tray grows to 3 or 4 true leaves, carry out field planting, by the watermelon seedling field planting in seedling-cultivating tray in the cultivating groove installing soil, each cultivating groove plants a line, spacing in the rows is 0.4 ~ 0.5 meter, and adjacent two young plant North and South directions stagger and climb climing, make every watermelon seedling have enough growing spaces, ensure plant gap, for melon seedling growth provides better growing conditions;
(6) field management: the water pipe that employing of watering is laid along plantation row carries out drip irrigation, waters according to the combination of melon seedling growing state and chases after composite fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times, regularly carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest within the watermelon plant strain growth phase.
(7) after terminating picking time mid or late October, removed by watermelon seedling, the vegetables with green leaves that the Seeded growth phase is short, before utilizing next round field planting on the one hand, the gap of 3 ~ 4 months obtains more economic profit, also can improve soil property on the other hand, prevent continuous cropping obstacle to a certain extent; Cultivating soil to shift out after gathering and terminating and piles up the aforementioned soil disinfection way sterilization of booth external application by vegetables with green leaves from cultivating groove, prepares next round growth of watermelon.
Soil disinfection way described in operation 3 is: annual February is after the clear canopy of watermelon canopy, the peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite composite soil of having planted in cultivating groove 1 year is shifted out, pile up the vacant lot outside booth, good with covered rearing with plastic film add soil disinfectant mixing in soil after, can use during the seedling field planting of Second Year watermelon.Described soil disinfectant is commercially available conventional soil disinfectant, comprise Celfume, chloropicrin, vikane, this beauteously aqua, must speed to go out particle etc., use according to product operation instruction.
Large fruit variety of watermelon during described watermelon seedling adopts.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is owing to have employed technique scheme, overcome the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, damage by disease and insect is few, quality of watermelon is high, cost is lower, and melon grower can realize watermelon sequential cropping cultivation, again need not take land on lease every year and change plot, the cultivating facility such as plastic tunnel etc. of investment also can obtain long-term utilization efficiently, the economic benefit that can obtain.
Embodiment
A kind of Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation of the present invention is achieved in that and illustrates below in conjunction with embodiment.
(1) seeding and seedling raising: sow during mid-February.The peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are mixed as seedling medium by 3 ~ 4:1, loads in seedling-cultivating tray, water vola water.Select middle large fruit variety of watermelon, sow in 50 hole dishes, with boiling hot kind of hot water, seed soaking and vernalization before broadcasting, making a call to a degree of depth in cave dish central authorities is the hole of 1cm, watermelon seed is put into dish aperture center, cave, 11, cave, build floating by matrix, neatly be emitted on seedbed, spray the carbendazim solution of a time 30%, be incubated with plastic foil Moisture conservation.Temperature controls, at 28 ~ 32 DEG C, to control night at 20 ~ 25 DEG C daytime.Major part lifts the plastic foil on surface, seedbed in time after emerging.
(2) booth sterilization: cultivation booth was carried out disinfection in 1 ~ 2 week before field planting, every mu of use 30% Sukeling fumigant 300 ~ 500 grams and 45% tpn fumigant 200 ~ 250 grams, after evenly placing, light respectively, airtight sootiness immediately 24 hours, then ventilates spacious canopy 3 days.
(3) cultivating soil is prepared: mixed cultivating soil before field planting, in cultivating soil, mixed weight percentage is the decomposed manure of 10 ~ 15%, cultivating soil can be that the new peat composed of rotten mosses bought and vermiculite mixs in the ratio of 3 ~ 4:1, or upper one year after sterilization with peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite composite soil; By the sterilization way of the cultivating soil crossed be: the peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite composite soil of having planted in cultivating groove 1 year, after clear canopy, shifts out, piles up the vacant lot outside booth, add soil disinfectant Celfume (50g/m in soil by annual February
2) good with covered rearing with plastic film after mixing, can use during the seedling field planting of Second Year watermelon.Celfume is commercial goods agricultural chemicals.
(4) cultivating groove dress soil: cultivating soil ready in operation 3 is poured in cultivating groove, fills cultivating groove, flush with groove; Cultivating groove is for digging pit at plantation row, and the surrounding in hole, with brick good, makes cultivating groove inner width 1 meter, high 0.25 meter, and bottom land paving layer of plastic film and surface soil are isolated; The line-spacing of plantation row is 3.2 meters, and namely the centre distance of two cultivating grooves is 3.2 meters.Place plastic tunnel sits in the north facing the south, and 6.5 meters wide, and 25 ~ 30 meters long, and each canopy has two transmeridional planting grooves, and namely each booth plants two row along east-west direction, and line-spacing is 3.2 meters.
(5) field planting: when the watermelon seedling in seedling-cultivating tray grows to 3 or 4 true leaves, carry out field planting, by the watermelon seedling field planting in seedling-cultivating tray in the cultivating groove installing soil, each cultivating groove plants a line, spacing in the rows is 0.4 ~ 0.5 meter, and adjacent two young plant North and South directions stagger and climb climing, make every watermelon seedling have enough growing spaces, ensure plant gap, for melon seedling growth provides better growing conditions.
(6) field management: chase after composite fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times according to melon seedling growing state within the watermelon plant strain growth phase, regularly carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Seedling stage, under the prerequisite using sufficient base manure, does not generally need to topdress.True need topdress, and every mu can impose high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 5-10 kilogram or 4-5 kilogram of urea.Must guard against overfertilization seedling stage, distance root is excessively near, prevent hindering root and burn seedling.Stretch the climing phase, watermelon needs fertilizer to need water to increase gradually, topdresses according to growing way, generally melon is climing grow to 40-50 centimetre time, impose urea 15-20 kilogram in conjunction with watering every mu, potassium sulfate 10-15 kilogram or high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 20-25 kilogram, with the growth promoting melon climing; Base manure is sufficient and used and carry lacking of seed manure and use chemical nitrogen fertilizer.The knot melon phase, when young melon grows to egg size and takes off fine hair, every mu imposes (combination is watered) composite fertilizer 25-30 kilogram, spreads manuer in holes or row replacement, executes rear earthing.
Periodic investigation field damage by disease and insect situation, prevents and treats according to field conditions, available 65% zineb wettable powder 400-500 times, 75% tpn wettable powder 500 times, 50% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 600 times, 64% Sandofan wettable powder 500 times.If disease is comparatively light, generally use zineb, tpn, the single such as thiophanate methyl, Sandofan pesticide control.Can use zineb+thiophanate methyl when disease is heavier, or zineb+tpn, or thiophanate methyl+tpn mixture result of use is better, but composite once after can singly execute a kind of agricultural chemicals again.Sandofan can not use with above-mentioned several mixed pesticide.For preventing pesticide resistance, each Growing season often plants Pesticide use no more than 3 times.
Every strain melon seedling stay 2 ~ 3 climing, carry out artificial pollination at the florescence and help seat melon.Artificial pollination refers to that the fresh male flower of cracking-off, removes petal, gently smears female flower pistil at 7-10 point in the morning.
(7) after terminating picking time mid or late October, watermelon seedling is removed, vegetables with green leaves such as spinach, a variety of Chinese cabbage, Lettuce etc. that the Seeded growth phase is shorter, can in the good economic benefit of acquisition of going on the market around the Spring Festival, can soil property be improved on the other hand, prevent continuous cropping obstacle to a certain extent; Vegetables with green leaves pile up outside booth by shifting out from cultivating groove with the soil crossed after gathering and terminating, and according to the process of aforementioned soil disinfection way, prepare next round growth of watermelon.
The present invention has carried out the experiment of 5 mu of plastic tunnels in 2010 ~ 2014 years in Yongchuan District, Chongqing City, continuous 4 years plantation watermelons, watermelon growing is good, output is high, quality better, and be not subject to the impact of obvious continuous cropping obstacle, the inventive method is practical, for continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon provides practicable solution, and the method cost is lower, ensure that the economic benefit of peasant, practical.
Claims (3)
1. a Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation, is characterized in that, comprises following operation:
(1) seeding and seedling raising: annual sowing in 2 ~ March, with boiling hot kind of hot water, seed soaking and vernalization before broadcasting, loads seedling medium in seedling-cultivating tray, can sow after trickle;
(2) booth sterilization: cultivation booth was carried out disinfection in 1 ~ 2 week before field planting, melon canopy open-ventilating 3 ~ 5 days after sterilization, before field planting;
(3) cultivating soil is prepared: mixed cultivating soil before field planting, in cultivating soil, mixed weight percentage is the decomposed manure of 10 ~ 15%, described cultivating soil be the new peat composed of rotten mosses bought and vermiculite mixes in proportion or upper one year after sterilization with the peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite composite soil crossed;
(4) cultivating groove dress soil: cultivating soil ready in operation 3 is poured in the cultivating groove in plastic tunnel, fills cultivating groove, flush with groove; Described cultivating groove is for digging pit at plantation row, and the surrounding in hole, with brick good, makes cultivating groove inner width 0.9 ~ 1.1 meter, high 0.2 ~ 0.3 meter, and bottom land paving layer of plastic film and surface soil are isolated; The line-spacing of plantation row is 3 ~ 3.5 meters, and namely the centre distance of two cultivating grooves is 3 ~ 3.5 meters;
(5) field planting: when the watermelon seedling in seedling-cultivating tray grows to 3 or 4 true leaves, carry out field planting, by the watermelon seedling field planting in seedling-cultivating tray in the cultivating groove installing soil, each cultivating groove plants a line, spacing in the rows is 0.4 ~ 0.5 meter, adjacent two young plant North and South directions stagger climb climing;
(6) field management: chase after composite fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times according to melon seedling growing state within the watermelon plant strain growth phase, regularly carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(7) after terminating picking time mid or late October, removed by watermelon seedling, the vegetables with green leaves that the Seeded growth phase is shorter, cultivating soil to shift out after gathering and terminating and piles up the aforementioned soil disinfection way sterilization of booth external application by vegetables with green leaves from cultivating groove, prepares next round growth of watermelon.
2. Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in operation 3, soil disinfection method is: annual February is after the clear canopy of watermelon canopy, the peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite composite soil of having planted in cultivating groove 1 year is shifted out, pile up the vacant lot outside booth, good with covered rearing with plastic film add soil disinfectant mixing in soil after, can use during the seedling field planting of Second Year watermelon.
3. Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, large fruit variety of watermelon during described watermelon seedling adopts.
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| CN201410632020.0A CN104303808A (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2014-11-11 | Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105340536A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-24 | 界首市憨友西瓜专业合作社 | Interval interplanting method for watermelons and vegetables |
| CN106856928A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-06-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of cultural method of prevention greenhouse watermelon root-knot nematode |
| CN110463531A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-11-19 | 徐玉芳 | A kind of repeatedly picking cultivating watermelon method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105340536A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-24 | 界首市憨友西瓜专业合作社 | Interval interplanting method for watermelons and vegetables |
| CN106856928A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-06-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of cultural method of prevention greenhouse watermelon root-knot nematode |
| CN110463531A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-11-19 | 徐玉芳 | A kind of repeatedly picking cultivating watermelon method |
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Application publication date: 20150128 |