CN101855981A - Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101855981A CN101855981A CN201010136436A CN201010136436A CN101855981A CN 101855981 A CN101855981 A CN 101855981A CN 201010136436 A CN201010136436 A CN 201010136436A CN 201010136436 A CN201010136436 A CN 201010136436A CN 101855981 A CN101855981 A CN 101855981A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a watermelon seedling culturing substrate and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural seedling culturing. The watermelon seedling culturing substrate comprises the following raw materials of vegetable stubble compost products, grass carbon and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 3-5:1:2, wherein vegetable stubble comprises pepper stubble, cucumber stubble and common head cabbage stubble; and stubble is a plant to a plant tissue left in a field by human after finishing picking. The substrate is most suitable for watermelon seedling culturing; the root activity, the leaf chlorophyll content, strong seedling indicators and the early yield after field planting of cultured watermelon seedlings are superior to those of the watermelon seedlings cultured by using the conventional seedling culturing substrate. The seedling culturing substrate of the invention reduces the using amount of the grass carbon, contributes to saving grass carbon resources, fulfills the aims of resource utilization of the vegetable stubble and reduction of environmental pollution, and has obvious economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural seedling-raising, particularly relate to a kind of watermelon seedling culturing substrate and preparation method thereof..
Background technology
Watermelon is one of bigger vegetable species of China's cultivated area, and according to Ministry of Agriculture's statistics, China's watermelon sowing area was 178.51 ten thousand hm in 2006
2(" China's Vegetable ", 2008 the 2nd phases).Many in the watermelon production based on seedling raising and transplanting.At present, watermelon seedling culturing adopted the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite composite interstitial substance (2: 1 usually, v/v) (" Chinese melon dish ", 2006 the 1st phases), still, the peat composed of rotten mosses is non-renewable resources, exhaustive exploitation will certainly destroy ecotope, particularly wetland environment (" Yunnan Prov Agriculture University's journal ", 2007 the 2nd phases), country has formulated relevant rules and has limited the quantity of or forbid exploitation (" northern gardening ", 2009 the 4th phases) to the peat composed of rotten mosses.Seek peat composed of rotten mosses substituted type seedling medium, for save peat composed of rotten mosses resource, preserve the ecological environment, to reduce seedling cost significant.
2007, sowing area of China vegetables and gross yield were respectively 1732.9 ten thousand hm
2, 5.6337 hundred million t (" Chinese agriculture information ", 2009 the 7th phases), account for 43%, 49% of the world respectively, all rank first in the world.Produce a large amount of stubbles in the vegetables production process,, head cabbage siphonal lobe climing and rhizome etc. as capsicum seedling, cucumber, vegetables stubble output accounts for 9.09% (" Chinese stalk resource evaluation and utilization " of agricultural crop straw gross yield, 2008), become the fourth-largest agricultural crop straw that China is only second to paddy rice, corn, wheat three generalized grain crops.The vegetables stubble is discarded in the field of vegetables periphery, and the mineral matter that produces behind the natural degradation makes surface water and underground water eutrophication through runoff, seepage, and discarded vegetables stubble still is the propagation diffuse source of damage by disease and insect.
The vegetables stubble is carried out composted to be handled, the compost product substitutes the peat composed of rotten mosses and is used for the seedling medium preparation, both can realize the recycling of vegetables stubble, reduce it because of problem of environmental pollution discarded or that burning causes, can alleviate the destruction that ecotope is caused because of peat composed of rotten mosses exhaustive exploitation again, therefore, have tangible economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits, present report without any this respect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the blank in above-mentioned field, a kind of watermelon seedling culturing substrate and preparation method thereof is provided, both can realize the recycling of vegetables stubble, can alleviate the destruction that ecotope is caused because of peat composed of rotten mosses exhaustive exploitation again.
A kind of watermelon seedling culturing substrate, its raw material components is that the volume ratio of vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is 3～5: 1: 2, described vegetables stubble refers to capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble, and described stubble refers to abandon in field plant or plant tissue after human harvesting finishes.
Described capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble were with volume ratio 3: 2: 2.
Described vegetables stubble compost product refers to the C/N ratio of vegetables stubble crushed material is adjusted into 25, and water content is 60%, adds viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9The compost Inoculant of cfu/g, the product that makes through composting fermentation process.
The volume ratio of described vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is 3.5: 1: 2.
The described peat composed of rotten mosses is of a size of 2mm-6mm.
Described vermiculite particle diameter is 1mm-2mm.
A kind of preparation method of watermelon seedling culturing substrate, step is as follows:
1) the vegetables stubble is crushed to 0.5cm-1.2cm length, regulate C/N than to 25, water content 60%;
2) add compost Inoculant, viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9Cfu/g, compost obtain vegetables stubble compost product until becoming thoroughly decomposed.
3) vegetables stubble compost product mixed with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite in 3.5: 1: 2 by volume, adjusted pH value to 6.0.
Described compost refers to turning in per 7 days once until becoming thoroughly decomposed, and reduces to below 30 ℃ to piling body central point temperature, and vegetables stubble crushed material darkens.
Contribution of the present invention has been to provide a kind of new watermelon seedling culturing substrate, compare with conventional watermelon seedling culturing substrate, utilize vegetables stubble compost product partly to substitute the peat composed of rotten mosses, help saving peat composed of rotten mosses resource, can also reduce environmental pollution and damage by disease and insect propagates, the more important thing is, seedling medium provided by the invention is suitable for watermelon seedling culturing specially, under the identical cultivation management condition, the watermelon seedling that it brings out aspect such as early yield after root system vigor, chlorophyll content in leaf blades, strong sprout index and field planting all is better than existing conventional seedbed system matrix.
Another advantage of seedling medium provided by the invention is, utilizes the primary raw material of vegetables stubble compost product as seedling medium, and raw material sources are extensive, and aboundresources is cheap, makes the cost of seedling medium reduce 20%-30%.
The present invention also provides the preparation technology and the parameter of this watermelon seedling culturing substrate, and technology is simple, and is easy to operate, and application suits large area to popularize.
In sum, watermelon seedling culturing substrate provided by the invention and preparation method thereof has tangible economic implications, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. seedling medium of the present invention is to the effect of watermelon seedling index in strong sprout
Fig. 2. seedling medium of the present invention is to the influence of watermelon seedling leaves chlorophyll content
Fig. 3. seedling medium of the present invention is to the effect of watermelon seedlings root vigor
Fig. 4. seedling medium of the present invention to the field planting of watermelon seedling after the influence of early yield
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Raw material: capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble are from Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science experimental plot; The peat composed of rotten mosses is available from the U.S. peat of Heilungkiang birch Co., Ltd; Vermiculite is available from Lingshou County, Hebei province Beijing-to-Shijiazhuang mineral products processing factory.
Embodiment
The vegetables stubble is crushed to 0.5cm-1.2cm length, mixed in 3: 2: 2 by volume, regulate C/N than to 25, water content 60%; Add compost Inoculant, viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9Cfu/g, compost are vegetables stubble compost product until becoming thoroughly decomposed; Vegetables stubble compost product mixed with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite in 3.5: 1: 2 by volume, adjusted pH value to 6.0, can obtain watermelon seedling culturing substrate of the present invention.
Experimental example 1. seedling mediums of the present invention are to the effect of watermelon seedling index in strong sprout
Select the capital to be the examination material glad No. 1, seed is purchased in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science seed retail department.
Flower is No. 1 (N-P the more
2O
5-K
2O=20-20-20), spend the more No. 8 (N-P
2O
5-K
2O=20-10-20) water soluble quick-acting fertilizer is available from Beijing big fellow's agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.
Experiment is carried out in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's greenhouse by solar heat.The watermelon seed 6h that soaks seed behind 5%NaClO sterilization 10min places in Φ 15 culture dishes of the double-deck filter paper in shop vernalization in the constant incubator (28 ℃) then.March 25, the seed of selection germination neat and consistent is broadcast into 50 holes and is coiled, being that vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and the vermiculite of 5: 1: 2 (T1), 4.5: 1: 2 (T2), 4: 1: 2 (T3), 3.5: 1: 2 (T4), 3: 1: 2 (T5) is composite interstitial substance with volume ratio respectively, is contrast (CK) with 2: 1 peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite composite interstitial substance of volume ratio.The watermelon seedling cotyledon is open and flat to 1 true leaf expansion, uses weekly to contain 100mgkg
-1The flower of N is fertile 1-2 time of water soluble quick-acting the more; 1 true leaf to 2 true leaf launches, and uses weekly to contain 200mgkg
-1The flower of N is fertile 1-2 time of water soluble quick-acting the more; 2 true leaves are expanded to into seedling, use weekly to contain 300mgkg
-1The flower of N is fertile 1-2 time of water soluble quick-acting the more.Between fertilizer application period, the flower the more No. 1 and the flower the more No. 8 two kinds of fertilizer be used alternatingly.Seedling stage, other management were with conventional.
April 20,10 strains of every processing picked at random watermelon seedling, 3 repetitions, investigation seedling plant height (basal part of stem is to the distance between the growing point), stem thick (rugosity at 1cm place under the cotyledonary node), complete stool dry weight are calculated the index in strong sprout.Strong sprout index=(stem thick/plant height) * complete stool dry weight * 100
Experimental result is as follows:
With contrast matrix phase ratio, T1～T5 seedling medium has all promoted the watermelon seedling development, shows as plant height, stem is thick and the complete stool dry weight increases, and has reached the effect of cultivating strong sprout, and promptly showing as the strong sprout index increases (Fig. 1).Wherein, the T4 seedling medium is bigger to the facilitation of watermelon seedling development, and index comparison in strong sprout has reached the significance level of difference according to having increased by 18.82%.
Experimental example 2. seedling mediums of the present invention are to the effect of watermelon seedling chlorophyll content and root system vigor
Glad No. 1 is the examination material with the capital, and seed is purchased in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science seed retail department.
Experiment is carried out in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's greenhouse by solar heat.Watermelon seed places constant incubator (28 ℃) vernalization after seed soaking, sterilization.May 6, select the seed of germination neat and consistent to broadcast into 50 holes dish, each handles seedling medium and fertilization mode with experimental example 1.
June 2, choosing launches leaf fully apart from the 2nd of growing point, adopts acetone ethanol mixed liquor extraction method to measure the seedling leaves chlorophyll content; The root system vitality test adopts triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method (TTC).
Chlorophyll is photosynthetic material base, and photosynthesis is one of main determining factor of phytobiology output.Root system is the major organs of plant to moisture, mineral Nutrient Absorption, is again the organ that important substance in the plant (as amino acid, hormone etc.) is synthetic, assimilate, transform, and the growing state of root system and vigor directly influence the vital movement of plant individual.Therefore, chlorophyll content, root system vigor are to weigh seedling stalwartness whether important indicator.From Fig. 2, Fig. 3 as can be known, with contrast matrix phase ratio, T1～T5 seedling medium has all improved watermelon seedling leaves chlorophyll content and root system vigor, wherein, the T4 seedling medium is bigger to the facilitation of seedling chlorophyll content, root system vigor, and comparison is according to having improved 14.29%, 17.59% respectively.
Experimental example 3. seedling mediums of the present invention to the field planting of watermelon seedling after the effect of output
Select the capital to be the examination material glad No. 1, seed is purchased in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science seed retail department.
The greenhouse by solar heat soil organic matter content is 3.12%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 146.3mgkg
-1, available phosphorus 576.5mgkg
-1, available potassium 296.2mgkg
-1
Experiment is carried out in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's greenhouse by solar heat.Watermelon seed places constant incubator (28 ℃) vernalization after seed soaking, sterilization.July 22, select the seed of germination neat and consistent to broadcast into 50 holes dish, each handles seedling medium and fertilization mode with experimental example 1.August 19, watermelon seedling 4 true leaves select seedling of the same size to be colonizated in greenhouse by solar heat when launching, seeding row spacing 60cm * 150cm, 30 strains of every sub-district.
Experimental result is as follows:
With contrast matrix phase ratio, after the watermelon seedling field planting that the T4 seedling medium is cultivated, the plant blossom phase, bearing pumpkin rate increased in advance, showed as early yield and raise (Fig. 4), and comparison is according to having increased by 18.47%, and difference reaches significance level.After the watermelon seedling field planting that T1, T2, T3, T5 seedling medium are cultivated, early yield also all in various degree be higher than contrast.
Claims (8)
1. watermelon seedling culturing substrate, its raw material components is that the volume ratio of vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is 3～5: 1: 2, described vegetables stubble refers to capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble, and described stubble refers to abandon after human harvesting finishes plant or the plant tissue in the field.
2. watermelon seedling culturing substrate according to claim 1, described capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble were with volume ratio 3: 2: 2.
3. watermelon seedling culturing substrate according to claim 1 and 2, described vegetables stubble compost product refer to the C/N ratio of vegetables stubble crushed material is adjusted into 25, and water content is 60%, add viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9The compost Inoculant of cfu/g, the product that makes through composting fermentation process.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described watermelon seedling culturing substrates, the volume ratio of described vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is 3.5: 1: 2.
5. watermelon seedling culturing substrate according to claim 1, the described peat composed of rotten mosses is of a size of 2mm-6mm.
6. watermelon seedling culturing substrate according to claim 1, described vermiculite particle diameter is 1mm-2mm.
7. the preparation method of a watermelon seedling culturing substrate, step is as follows:
(1) the vegetables stubble is crushed to 0.5cm-1.2cm length, regulate C/N than to 25, water content 60%;
(2) add compost Inoculant, viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9Cfu/g, compost obtain vegetables stubble compost product until becoming thoroughly decomposed.
(3) vegetables stubble compost product mixed with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite in 3.5: 1: 2 by volume, adjusted pH value to 6.0.
8. preparation method according to claim 7, described compost refers to turning in per 7 days once until becoming thoroughly decomposed, and reduces to below 30 ℃ to piling body central point temperature, vegetables stubble crushed material darkens.
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Cited By (14)
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| CN102090306A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-06-15 | 海城市三星生态农业有限公司 | Stevia rebaudiana seedling medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN102138499A (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2011-08-03 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and application thereof |
| CN103026958A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-04-10 | 东台市富春园蔬菜瓜果专业合作社 | Facility watermelon cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103621388A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-12 | 李春娣 | Soilless cultivation seedling method for vegetables |
| CN103636473A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-19 | 谭飞鸿 | Soilless culture seedling raising method for preserved vegetables |
| CN103636375A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-19 | 谭飞鸿 | Seedling cultivation method for preserved vegetables |
| CN103739400A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-23 | 谭飞鸿 | Substrate for soilless seedling of mustard |
| CN103787744A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-05-14 | 东北农业大学 | Functional seedling culturing substrate formula applicable to crop seedling culture of cucumbers, watermelons and melons |
| CN104211517A (en) * | 2014-09-06 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏沃绿宝有机农业开发有限公司 | Watermelon seedling culture matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104303808A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-01-28 | 重庆管春果树种植股份合作社 | Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation method |
| CN105284475A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-03 | 阜南县赵氏家庭农场 | Watermelon planting substrate |
| CN105766460A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-07-20 | 陆开云 | Purple cabbage cultivation nutrient medium |
| CN105900740A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 丁广礼 | Fertilizer and water integrated high-yield cultivation method for early-spring watermelons and autumn delayed chilies in greenhouse |
| CN106699372A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-24 | 济南市蔬菜技术推广服务中心 | Watermelon grafting seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102090306A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-06-15 | 海城市三星生态农业有限公司 | Stevia rebaudiana seedling medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN102138499A (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2011-08-03 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and application thereof |
| CN102138499B (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2012-07-04 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and application thereof |
| CN103026958A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-04-10 | 东台市富春园蔬菜瓜果专业合作社 | Facility watermelon cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103026958B (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-12-17 | 东台市富春园蔬菜瓜果专业合作社 | Facility watermelon cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103636375B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-02-03 | 谭飞鸿 | A kind of plum dish seedling method |
| CN103636473A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-19 | 谭飞鸿 | Soilless culture seedling raising method for preserved vegetables |
| CN103636375A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-19 | 谭飞鸿 | Seedling cultivation method for preserved vegetables |
| CN103636473B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-06-15 | 谭飞鸿 | A kind of plum dish soilless culture seedling method |
| CN103621388A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-12 | 李春娣 | Soilless cultivation seedling method for vegetables |
| CN103787744B (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2016-07-13 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of functional seedling medium formula suitable in Fructus Cucumidis sativi and western melon crop nursery |
| CN103787744A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-05-14 | 东北农业大学 | Functional seedling culturing substrate formula applicable to crop seedling culture of cucumbers, watermelons and melons |
| CN103739400B (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2016-06-29 | 谭飞鸿 | A kind of substrate of preserved vegetable non-soil culture |
| CN103739400A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-23 | 谭飞鸿 | Substrate for soilless seedling of mustard |
| CN104211517A (en) * | 2014-09-06 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏沃绿宝有机农业开发有限公司 | Watermelon seedling culture matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104303808A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-01-28 | 重庆管春果树种植股份合作社 | Watermelon continuous cropping cultivation method |
| CN105284475A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-03 | 阜南县赵氏家庭农场 | Watermelon planting substrate |
| CN105766460A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-07-20 | 陆开云 | Purple cabbage cultivation nutrient medium |
| CN105900740A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-08-31 | 丁广礼 | Fertilizer and water integrated high-yield cultivation method for early-spring watermelons and autumn delayed chilies in greenhouse |
| CN106699372A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-24 | 济南市蔬菜技术推广服务中心 | Watermelon grafting seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20101013 |