CN101855982A - Cucumber seedling-raising substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cucumber seedling-raising substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101855982A CN101855982A CN201010136439A CN201010136439A CN101855982A CN 101855982 A CN101855982 A CN 101855982A CN 201010136439 A CN201010136439 A CN 201010136439A CN 201010136439 A CN201010136439 A CN 201010136439A CN 101855982 A CN101855982 A CN 101855982A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cucumber seedling-raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural seedling-raising. The cucumber seedling-raising substrate is prepared from the following components: vegetable stubble as compost products, turf and vermiculite with the volume ratio thereof being (3-5):(1-2):2, wherein the vegetable stubble is particularly chili stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble; and the stubble particularly represents plants or plant tissues discarded in the field by human beings upon picking. The cucumber seedling-raising substrate is particularly suitable for the seedling-raising of cucumber, for the raised cucumber seedling is superior to the existing conventional seedling-raising substrate in the aspects of the activity of root system, the chlorophyll content of leave blades, the seedling index and the post-planting early yield. The cucumber seedling-raising substrate of the invention can reduce the consumption of turf, be favor for the efficient use of turf resources and achieve the purposes of the recycling utilization of vegetable stubble and the reduction in environmental pollution. Therefore, the invention is of obvious benefits at economical, social and ecological levels.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, particularly relate to a kind of cucumber seedling-raising substrate and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Cucumber is one of bigger vegetable species of China's cultivated area, and according to Ministry of Agriculture's statistics, China's cucumber sowing area in 2006 is 98.54 ten thousand hm
2(" China's Vegetable ", 2008 the 1st phases).Cucumber produces upward many based on seedling raising and transplanting.At present, cucumber seedling-raising adopted the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite composite interstitial substance (2: 1 usually, v/v) (" vegetables ", o. 11th in 2005), still, the peat composed of rotten mosses is non-renewable resources, exhaustive exploitation will certainly destroy ecotope, particularly wetland environment (" Yunnan Prov Agriculture University's journal ", 2007 the 2nd phases), country has formulated relevant rules and has limited the quantity of or forbid exploitation (" northern gardening ", 2009 the 4th phases) to the peat composed of rotten mosses.Seek peat composed of rotten mosses substituted type seedling medium, for save peat composed of rotten mosses resource, preserve the ecological environment, to reduce seedling cost significant.
2007, sowing area of China vegetables and gross yield were respectively 1732.9 ten thousand hm
2, 5.6337 hundred million t (" Chinese agriculture information ", 2009 the 7th phases), account for 43%, 49% of the world respectively, all rank first in the world.Produce a large amount of stubbles in the vegetables production process,, head cabbage siphonal lobe climing and rhizome etc. as capsicum seedling, cucumber, vegetables stubble output accounts for 9.09% (" Chinese stalk resource evaluation and utilization " of agricultural crop straw gross yield, 2008), become the fourth-largest agricultural crop straw that China is only second to paddy rice, corn, wheat three generalized grain crops.The vegetables stubble is discarded the field of vegetables periphery, and the mineral matter that produces behind the natural degradation makes surface water and underground water eutrophication through runoff, seepage, and discarded vegetables stubble still is the propagation diffuse source of damage by disease and insect.
The vegetables stubble is carried out composted to be handled, the compost product substitutes the peat composed of rotten mosses and is used for the seedling medium preparation, both can realize the recycling of vegetables stubble, reduce it because of problem of environmental pollution discarded or that burning causes, can alleviate the destruction that ecotope is caused because of peat composed of rotten mosses exhaustive exploitation again, therefore, have tangible economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits, present report without any this respect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the blank in above-mentioned field, a kind of cucumber seedling-raising substrate and preparation method thereof is provided, both can realize the recycling of vegetables stubble, can alleviate the destruction that ecotope is caused because of peat composed of rotten mosses exhaustive exploitation again.
A kind of cucumber seedling-raising substrate, raw material components is vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite, volume ratio is 3～5: 1～2: 2, and described vegetables stubble refers to capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble, described stubble refers to abandon in field plant or plant tissue after human harvesting finishes.
The volume ratio of described capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble 3: 2: 2.
Described vegetables stubble compost product refers to the C/N ratio of vegetables stubble crushed material is adjusted into 25, and water content is 60%, adds viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9The compost Inoculant of cfu/g, the product that makes through composting fermentation process.
The volume ratio of described vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is 3: 1: 2.
The described peat composed of rotten mosses is a 2mm-6mm length.
Described vermiculite particle diameter is 1mm-2mm.
A kind of preparation method of cucumber seedling-raising substrate, step is as follows:
1) the vegetables stubble is crushed to 0.5cm-1.2cm length, regulate C/N than to 25, water content 60%;
2) add compost Inoculant, viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9Cfu/g, compost obtain vegetables stubble compost product until becoming thoroughly decomposed.
3) vegetables stubble compost product mixed with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite in 3: 1: 2 by volume, adjusted pH value to 6.5.
Described compost refers to turning in per 7 days once until becoming thoroughly decomposed, and reduces to below 30 ℃ to piling body central point temperature, and vegetables stubble crushed material darkens.
Contribution of the present invention has been to provide a kind of new cucumber seedling-raising substrate, compare with conventional cucumber seedling-raising substrate, utilize vegetables stubble compost product partly to substitute the peat composed of rotten mosses, help saving peat composed of rotten mosses resource, can also reduce environmental pollution and damage by disease and insect propagates, the more important thing is, seedling medium provided by the invention is suitable for cucumber seedling-raising most, under the identical cultivation management condition, its cucumber seedling that brings out all is better than existing conventional seedbed system matrix aspect the early yield after root system vigor, chlorophyll content in leaf blades, strong sprout index and field planting.
Another advantage of seedling medium provided by the invention is, utilizes the primary raw material of vegetables stubble compost product as seedling medium, and raw material sources are extensive, and aboundresources is cheap, makes the cost of seedling medium reduce 20%-30%.
The present invention also provides the preparation technology and the parameter of this cucumber seedling-raising substrate, and technology is simple, and is easy to operate, and application suits large area to popularize.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. seedling medium of the present invention is to the effect of cucumber seedling index in strong sprout
Fig. 2. seedling medium of the present invention is to the influence of cucumber seedling chlorophyll content in leaf blades
Fig. 3. seedling medium of the present invention is to the effect of cucumber seedling root system vigor
Fig. 4. seedling medium of the present invention to the cucumber seedling field planting after the influence of early yield
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Raw material: capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble are from Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science experimental plot; The peat composed of rotten mosses is available from the U.S. peat of Heilungkiang birch Co., Ltd; Vermiculite is available from Lingshou County, Hebei province Beijing-to-Shijiazhuang mineral products processing factory.
Embodiment
The vegetables stubble is crushed to 0.5cm-1.2cm length, mixed in 3: 2: 2 by volume, regulate C/N than to 25, water content 60%; Add compost Inoculant, viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9Cfu/g, compost are vegetables stubble compost product until becoming thoroughly decomposed; Vegetables stubble compost product mixed with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite in 3: 1: 2 by volume, adjusted pH value to 6.2, can obtain cucumber seedling-raising substrate of the present invention.
Experimental example 1. seedling mediums of the present invention are to the effect of cucumber seedling index in strong sprout
Select the middle peasant to be the examination material No. 26, seed is provided by breed cucumber seminar of Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science.
Flower is No. 1 (N-P the more
2O
5-K
2O=20-20-20), spend the more No. 8 (N-P
2O
5-K
2O=20-10-20) water soluble quick-acting fertilizer is available from Beijing big fellow's agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd.
Experiment is carried out in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's greenhouse by solar heat.The cucumber seeds 4h that soaks seed behind 5%NaClO sterilization 10min places in Φ 15 culture dishes of the double-deck filter paper in shop vernalization in the constant incubator (28 ℃) then.March 15, the seed of selection germination neat and consistent is broadcast into 50 holes and is coiled, being that vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and the vermiculite of 5: 1: 2 (T1), 4: 1: 2 (T2), 3: 1: 2 (T3), 4: 2: 2 (T4), 3: 2: 2 (T5) is composite interstitial substance with volume ratio respectively, is contrast (CK) with 2: 1 peat composed of rotten mosses vermiculite composite interstitial substance of volume ratio.The cucumber seedling cotyledon is open and flat to 1 true leaf expansion, uses weekly to contain 100mgkg
-1The flower of N is fertile 1-2 time of water soluble quick-acting the more; 1 true leaf to 2 true leaf launches, and uses weekly to contain 200mgkg
-1The flower of N is fertile 1-2 time of water soluble quick-acting the more; 2 true leaves are expanded to into seedling, use weekly to contain 300mgkg
-1The flower of N is fertile 1-2 time of water soluble quick-acting the more.Between fertilizer application period, the flower the more No. 1 and the flower the more No. 8 two kinds of fertilizer be used alternatingly.Seedling stage, other management were with conventional.
April 9,10 strains of every processing picked at random cucumber seedling, 3 repetitions, investigation seedling plant height (basal part of stem is to the distance between the growing point), stem thick (rugosity at 1cm place under the cotyledonary node), complete stool dry weight are calculated the index in strong sprout.Strong sprout index=(stem thick/plant height) * complete stool dry weight * 100
Experimental result is as follows:
With contrast matrix phase ratio, T1～T5 seedling medium has all promoted the cucumber seedling growth growth, shows as plant height, stem is thick and the complete stool dry weight increases, and has reached the effect of cultivating strong sprout, and promptly showing as the strong sprout index increases (Fig. 1).Wherein, the facilitation that the T3 seedling medium is grown cucumber seedling growth is bigger, and index comparison in strong sprout has reached the significance level of difference according to having increased by 21.43%.
Experimental example 2. seedling mediums of the present invention are to the effect of cucumber seedling chlorophyll content and root system vigor
With the middle peasant is for No. 26 the examination material, and seed is provided by breed cucumber seminar of Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science.
Experiment is carried out in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's greenhouse by solar heat.Cucumber seeds places constant incubator (28 ℃) vernalization after seed soaking, sterilization.April 20, select the seed of germination neat and consistent to broadcast into 50 holes dish, each handles seedling medium and fertilization mode with experimental example 1.
May 16, choosing launches leaf fully apart from the 2nd of growing point, adopts acetone ethanol mixed liquor extraction method to measure the seedling leaves chlorophyll content; The root system vitality test adopts triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method (TTC).
Chlorophyll is photosynthetic material base, and photosynthesis is one of main determining factor of phytobiology output.Root system is the major organs of plant to moisture, mineral Nutrient Absorption, is again the organ that important substance in the plant (as amino acid, hormone etc.) is synthetic, assimilate, transform, and the growing state of root system and vigor directly influence the vital movement of plant individual.Therefore, chlorophyll content, root system vigor are to weigh seedling stalwartness whether important indicator.From Fig. 2, Fig. 3 as can be known, with contrast matrix phase ratio, T1～T5 seedling medium has all improved cucumber seedling chlorophyll content in leaf blades and root system vigor, wherein, the T3 seedling medium is bigger to the facilitation of seedling chlorophyll content, root system vigor, and comparison is according to having improved 14.80%, 14.57% respectively.
Experimental example 3. seedling mediums of the present invention to the cucumber seedling field planting after the effect of output
Select the middle peasant to be the examination material No. 26, seed is provided by breed cucumber seminar of Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science.
The greenhouse by solar heat soil organic matter content is 3.12%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 146.3mgkg
-1, available phosphorus 576.5mgkg
-1, available potassium 296.2mgkg
-1
Experiment is carried out in Vegetable ﹠ Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's greenhouse by solar heat.Cucumber seeds places constant incubator (28 ℃) vernalization after seed soaking, sterilization.July 12, select the seed of germination neat and consistent to broadcast into 50 holes dish, each handles seedling medium and fertilization mode with experimental example 1.August 6, cucumber seedling 3 true leaves select seedling of the same size to be colonizated in greenhouse by solar heat when launching, seeding row spacing 30cm * 50cm, 60 strains of every sub-district.
Experimental result is as follows:
With contrast matrix phase ratio, after the cucumber seedling field planting that the T3 seedling medium is cultivated, the plant blossom phase, bearing pumpkin rate increased in advance, showed as early yield and raise (Fig. 4), and comparison is according to having increased by 22.77%, and difference reaches significance level.After the cucumber seedling field planting that T1, T2, T4, T5 seedling medium are cultivated, early yield also all in various degree be higher than contrast.
Claims (8)
1. cucumber seedling-raising substrate, raw material components is vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite, volume ratio is 3～5: 1～2: 2, and described vegetables stubble refers to capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble, described stubble refers to abandon in field plant or plant tissue after human harvesting finishes.
2. cucumber seedling-raising substrate according to claim 1, the volume ratio of described capsicum stubble, cucumber stubble and head cabbage stubble is 3: 2: 2.
3. cucumber seedling-raising substrate according to claim 1, described vegetables stubble compost product refer to the C/N ratio of vegetables stubble crushed material is adjusted into 25, and water content is 60%, add viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9The compost Inoculant of cfu/g, the product that makes through composting fermentation process.
4. cucumber seedling-raising substrate according to claim 1, the volume ratio of described vegetables stubble compost product, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite is 3: 1: 2.
5. cucumber seedling-raising substrate according to claim 1, the described peat composed of rotten mosses are 2mm-6mm length.
6. cucumber seedling-raising substrate according to claim 1, described vermiculite particle diameter is 1mm-2mm.
7. the preparation method of a cucumber seedling-raising substrate, step is as follows:
1) the vegetables stubble is crushed to 0.5cm-1.2cm length, regulate C/N than to 25, water content 60%;
2) add compost Inoculant, viable count 〉=2 * 10 by 0.5% of vegetables stubble gross weight
9Cfu/g, compost obtain vegetables stubble compost product until becoming thoroughly decomposed.
3) vegetables stubble compost product mixed with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite in 3: 1: 2 by volume, adjusted pH value to 6.5.
8. preparation method according to claim 7, described compost refers to turning in per 7 days once until becoming thoroughly decomposed, and reduces to below 30 ℃ to piling body central point temperature, vegetables stubble crushed material darkens.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103524228A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-01-22 | 合肥科友生物科技有限公司 | Special biofertilizer for cucumbers and preparation method thereof |
| CN103539535A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-29 | 南京农业大学 | Active biological matrix product specially used for culture of cucumber seedlings |
| CN103787744A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-05-14 | 东北农业大学 | Functional seedling culturing substrate formula applicable to crop seedling culture of cucumbers, watermelons and melons |
| CN113906979A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Resourceful treatment method of stalks and vine-like tail vegetables and seedling culture substrate prepared by resourceful treatment method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103539535A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-29 | 南京农业大学 | Active biological matrix product specially used for culture of cucumber seedlings |
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| CN103787744A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-05-14 | 东北农业大学 | Functional seedling culturing substrate formula applicable to crop seedling culture of cucumbers, watermelons and melons |
| CN103787744B (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2016-07-13 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of functional seedling medium formula suitable in Fructus Cucumidis sativi and western melon crop nursery |
| CN113906979A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Resourceful treatment method of stalks and vine-like tail vegetables and seedling culture substrate prepared by resourceful treatment method |
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Application publication date: 20101013 |