CN109496724B - Efficient planting method for emilia sonchifolia - Google Patents
Efficient planting method for emilia sonchifolia Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496724B CN109496724B CN201811561193.2A CN201811561193A CN109496724B CN 109496724 B CN109496724 B CN 109496724B CN 201811561193 A CN201811561193 A CN 201811561193A CN 109496724 B CN109496724 B CN 109496724B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/002—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from fish or from fish-wastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency planting method of emilia sonchifolia, which relates to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection, (2) preparation of a germination promoter, (3) preparation of an ecological mulching film, (4) ridging, (5) seed pretreatment, (6) sowing and (7) field management; the efficient planting method of emilia sonchifolia has the advantages of high germination rate and high germination speed, avoids manual weeding to the maximum extent, greatly saves the production cost, improves the economic benefit of emilia sonchifolia planting, is good for environment, has no pollution, and is worthy of popularization.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, in particular to a highly-efficient planting method of emilia sonchifolia.
[ background of the invention ]
Herba Duchesneae Indicae, a herb of homology of medicine and food, is also the main raw material of Huahong tablet. The chrysanthemum tea has the advantages of mild nature, bitter and slightly pungent taste, and blood cooling and detoxifying effects, is mainly prepared from tender tips and tender leaves of food, can be fried to eat, used as soup or used as a hot pot material, is crisp and tasty in texture, is similar to the taste of crowndaisy chrysanthemum, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis, and can be used for treating urinary system infection, sphagitis, sore and the like.
At present, the cultivation is a little red, and the following problems are mainly caused: 1. the seed germination speed is slow, the traditional direct seeding mode is not applicable, and weeds grow up firstly after seeding and cover a little red, so that the weeding is difficult. 2. Needs to be transplanted, and is time-consuming and labor-consuming. The seedling growing in greenhouse is mainly carried out, and the seedlings are transplanted to the field after seedling growing, because the number of the seedlings used in one red mu is large, the transplanting labor cost is huge. 3. After transplanting, manual weeding takes much labor and effort.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a pointohong efficient planting method which is high in budding rate and high in budding speed, avoids artificial weeding to the greatest extent, greatly saves production cost, improves economic benefits of pointohong planting, is good for environment, is pollution-free and is worthy of popularization.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an efficient planting method of emilia sonchifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: screening qualified seeds according to the germination rate of the seeds to be tested, wherein the specific method for testing comprises the following steps: selecting emilia sonchifolia seeds, randomly dividing into a plurality of parts, numbering the parts in sequence, wherein each part is 50-60 g, soaking each part of seeds in water at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 12-15 hours, filtering the water, washing the seeds with clear water, placing the seeds in a culture dish with filter paper, observing the germination condition after 48-72 hours, calculating the corresponding germination rate, and selecting the seeds with the germination rate not lower than 80% as qualified seeds;
(2) preparing a bud promoting agent: a. and (3) strain amplification culture: mixing brown sugar and wheat bran according to a mass ratio of 1: mixing according to the proportion of 10-11, inoculating 1-2mL of probiotics, adding water with the same volume as the probiotics, and naturally fermenting for 24-25 hours to obtain a strain for later use; b. preparing a supernatant fluid: mixing the wood chips of the pachyrhizua angulatus, the pineapples and the cedar wood according to the mass ratio of 1-2:2:1, then mixing the obtained mixture with the strains obtained in the step a according to the mass ratio of 10-11:1, putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting the mixture for 90-95 days, filtering the fermented product, and taking the supernatant as the germination promoter;
(3) preparing an ecological mulching film: the thickness of the ecological mulching film is 0.2-0.25mm, and is 7600 pieces/m according to 7560-2The circular holes with the diameter of 3-3.5mm are uniformly distributed on the mulching film to facilitate red roots to pass through the circular holes on the film,the soil is penetrated downwards, the water permeability of the round holes is 100 percent, and the water permeability of the hole gaps is 0 percent; the thickness of the round hole is 0.4mm, one side of the round hole is flush with the membrane, and the other side of the round hole protrudes out of the surface of the membrane by 0.3-0.33mm, so that the contact area with the soil is increased;
(4) ridging: one week before planting, ploughing the field, applying quicklime according to the ratio of 6-10 kg/mu, drying the soil for 3-5 days, leveling, ridging, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 2-3m, the height is 20-30cm, then applying decomposed farmyard manure, covering the mulching film in the step (3), and then uniformly covering raw soil with the thickness of 1-2cm on the mulching film;
(5) seed pretreatment: placing qualified seeds selected by the test of the step (1) in the sun for irradiation for 3-4 hours, and then soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of the germination promoter obtained in the step (2) and water according to the volume ratio of 1:300-350 for 24-26 hours;
(6) sowing: mixing river sand, humus soil, perlite, biogas slurry and mushroom bran according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1-2:3-4:1 to obtain a seedling substrate, uniformly mixing the seeds treated in the step (5) with the seedling substrate, uniformly spraying the seeds mixed with the seedling substrate on ridges according to the seeding amount of 60-70 g/mu, spraying water, covering a shading net, and removing the shading net when 3 true leaves grow out of the seedlings;
(7) field management: watering once in the morning and evening after sowing, keeping the soil moist, and dressing a leaf fertilizer once every 7-10 days; applying the bactericide for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests once every 10 to 15 days; collecting herba Duchesneae Indicae as medicinal material in the positive flowering phase of 40-45 days; when the dish is red, topping in time and removing buds; after each harvest, applying organic fertilizer once.
In the invention, further, the decomposed farmyard manure in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-16 parts of wine groove, 6-12 parts of cassava residue, 3-8 parts of chicken manure, 3-8 parts of peanut cake, 2-4 parts of fishbone powder and 6-12 parts of rice bran.
In the invention, the foliar fertilizer in the step (7) further comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of aloe powder, 6-12 parts of brassinolide, 5-10 parts of boric acid, 10-20 parts of urea, 2-4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.4-0.6 part of yeast and 200 parts of water 120-sodium bicarbonate.
In the present invention, the bactericide in the step (7) is a carbendazim solution diluted by 300 times with water.
In the invention, further, the organic fertilizer in the step (7) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-16 parts of biogas residues, 7-14 parts of straws, 8-16 parts of bone meal fertilizer and 5-12 parts of human and animal excreta.
In the invention, further, the ecological mulching film in the step (3) can be degraded.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the efficient planting method of emilia sonchifolia, qualified seeds are selected before sowing, pretreatment is carried out, the seeds are soaked by adopting the germination promoter, the germination promoter is prepared by mixing and fermenting the powder of the radix puerariae, the pineapple and the wood chips of the cedar according to the mass ratio of 1-2:2:1, wherein the radix puerariae provides a nitrogen source and multiple small molecular substances to promote cell growth, the pineapple provides vitamins, the pineapple contains a large amount of reducing sugar and cellulose to meet the requirements of plant growth, the wood chips of the cedar provide salicylic acid, and the three are mixed, so that the germination of the plants and the seeds can be effectively promoted, the germination rate of the emilia sonchifolia seeds can be effectively improved, and the germination time and the germination consistency can be shortened; after seed soaking, seed mixing and seed dressing are carried out on the seed by adopting a breeding substrate, and then seeding is carried out, so that nutrients are provided for the growth of the seeds, the absorption is convenient, the germination of the seeds is promoted, and the rapid growth of seedlings is promoted; the ecological mulching film is adopted for cooperation with planting, so that weeding can be realized, the photosynthesis of weeds can be effectively organized, and the weeding effect is excellent; secondly, the soil can be kept moist, so that the soil is always moist and soft, and the water sprinkling amount is reduced; the air permeability is improved, the microenvironment of the soil is changed, the soil temperature is controlled to be constant, the content of organic matters in the soil is increased, and the soil hardening is reduced; finally, the ecological film is an annual degradable environment-friendly material, does not cause secondary pollution, can retain water and fertilizer, improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, keeps ground temperature, saves cost and labor force and is good for environment; in the ridging process, firstly, the field is ploughed, so that the moisture of the soil on the lower layer is conveyed upwards and reduced, the evaporation of the soil surface is weakened, a dry soil layer is formed on the soil surface, the consumption of the moisture of the soil is inhibited, the humidity of the soil on the lower layer is relatively increased, the soil humidity of the ploughed layer is higher than that of the lower layer in a wet state, the water permeability and the water holding capacity are high, compared with the non-ploughed field, the soil humidity of the ploughed layer is relatively higher in a certain time and is more helpful for subsequent sowing, then quicklime is applied and the soil is sunned, germs carried by the soil can be killed, farmyard manure is applied to increase the soil fertility, a foundation is provided for later plant growth, and the fertilizer is applied in the treatment stage, so that the uniformity of the fertilizer efficiency can be furthest guaranteed, and seedlings are prevented from being burnt; through scientific field management after sowing and by utilizing the combination of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, the plant can achieve the effects of high yield and high quality and can also protect soil; the emilia sonchifolia planted by the planting method disclosed by the invention is high in yield and excellent in quality, and the planting period can be shortened by 3-6 days.
2. In the foliar fertilizer, the aloe powder has the protection effect on cell tissues and the activation and regeneration effect on damaged cells; brassinolide can promote plant growth, improve quality, increase yield, and has bright color and thick leaves; boric acid can promote root growth, has important effect on the synthesis and transportation of a product-carbohydrate for photosynthesis, and has special effect on the normal operation of the fertilization process; the urea is a nitrogen fertilizer with the highest nitrogen content, is suitable for various soils and plants, and can promote the division and growth of cells and promote branches and leaves to grow luxuriantly; the calcium superphosphate can supply phosphorus, calcium, sulfur and other elements to plants, has the effect of improving alkaline soil, has the nitrogen fixation effect when being mixed with urea, reduces the loss of nitrogen, and can promote the germination, root growth, branching, fructification and maturation of the plants; the yeast ferment the above raw materials, make its ingredient harmless, nutrient humate, and produce a large amount of microbial metabolites, benefit the plant growth and absorb, in addition, because the yeast's life metabolic activity in the soil produces a large amount of nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, thiamine, and many growth hormone substances, have promoted the inherent azotobacteria, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria's activity in the soil.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
The efficient planting method for the emilia sonchifolia provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: screening qualified seeds according to the germination rate of the seeds to be tested, wherein the specific method for testing comprises the following steps: selecting emilia sonchifolia seeds, randomly dividing into a plurality of parts, numbering the parts in sequence, wherein each part is 50 g, respectively soaking the seeds in water at 40 ℃ for 12 hours, filtering the water, washing the seeds with clear water, then placing the seeds in a culture dish with filter paper, observing the germination condition after 48 hours, calculating the corresponding germination rate, and selecting the seeds with the germination rate not lower than 80% as qualified seeds;
(2) preparing a bud promoting agent: a. and (3) strain amplification culture: mixing brown sugar and wheat bran according to a mass ratio of 1: 10, inoculating 1mL of probiotics, adding water with the same volume as the probiotics, and naturally fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a strain for later use; b. preparing a supernatant fluid: mixing the powder of the kudzu, the pineapple and the cedar wood chips according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1, then mixing the obtained mixture with the strain obtained in the step a according to the mass ratio of 10:1, putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting the mixture for 90 days, filtering the fermented product, and taking the supernatant as the sprouting promoter;
(3) preparing an ecological mulching film: the thickness of the ecological mulching film is 0.2mm and is 7560 pieces/m2The density of the soil is that round holes with the diameter of 3mm are uniformly distributed on the mulching film, so that red roots can conveniently penetrate through the round holes on the film and can be pricked into soil downwards, the round holes have the water permeability of 100 percent, and the hole gaps have the water permeability of 0 percent; the thickness of the round hole is 0.4mm, one side of the round hole is flush with the membrane, and the other side of the round hole protrudes out of the surface of the membrane by 0.3mm, so that the contact area with soil is increased; the ecological mulching film is degradable;
(4) ridging: one week before planting, ploughing the field, applying quicklime according to 6 kg/mu, drying the soil for 3 days, leveling, ridging, applying decomposed farmyard manure, covering the mulching film in the step (3), and uniformly covering raw soil with the thickness of 1cm on the mulching film; the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of a wine groove, 6 parts of cassava residue, 3 parts of chicken manure, 3 parts of peanut cake, 2 parts of fishbone powder and 6 parts of rice bran;
(5) seed pretreatment: placing qualified seeds selected by the test of the step (1) in the sun for irradiation for 3 hours, and then soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of the germination accelerator obtained in the step (2) and water according to the volume ratio of 1:300 for 24 hours;
(6) sowing: mixing river sand, humus soil, perlite, biogas slurry and mushroom bran according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1:3:1 to obtain a seedling culture substrate, uniformly mixing the seeds treated in the step (5) with the seedling culture substrate, uniformly spraying the seeds mixed with the seedling culture substrate on ridges according to the sowing amount of 60 g/mu, spraying water, covering a shading net, and removing the shading net when 3 true leaves grow out of the seedlings;
(7) field management: watering once in the morning and evening after sowing to keep the soil moist, and dressing a leaf fertilizer once every 7 days; applying the bactericide for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests once every 10 days; all medicinal herba Emiliae is collected in the positive flowering phase of 40 days; when the dish is red, topping in time and removing buds; after each harvest, applying organic fertilizer once; the foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of aloe powder, 6 parts of brassinolide, 5 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of urea, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.4 part of yeast and 120 parts of water; the bactericide is carbendazim solution diluted by 300 times by adding water; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of biogas residues, 7 parts of straws, 8 parts of bone meal fertilizer and 5 parts of human and animal excreta.
Example 2
The efficient planting method for the emilia sonchifolia provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: screening qualified seeds according to the germination rate of the seeds to be tested, wherein the specific method for testing comprises the following steps: selecting emilia sonchifolia seeds, randomly dividing into a plurality of parts, numbering in sequence, wherein each part is 55 g, respectively soaking each part of seeds in 45 ℃ water for 13 hours, filtering out the water, washing with clear water, then placing in a culture dish with filter paper, observing the germination condition after 60 hours, calculating the corresponding germination rate, and selecting the seeds with the germination rate not lower than 80% as qualified seeds;
(2) preparing a bud promoting agent: a. and (3) strain amplification culture: mixing brown sugar and wheat bran according to a mass ratio of 1: 10, inoculating 1.5mL of probiotics, adding water with the same volume as the probiotics, and naturally fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a strain for later use; b. preparing a supernatant fluid: mixing the powder of the kudzu, the pineapple and the cedar wood chips according to the mass ratio of 1:2:1, then mixing the obtained mixture with the strain obtained in the step a according to the mass ratio of 10:1, putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting for 92 days, filtering the fermented product, and taking the supernatant as the germination promoter;
(3) preparing an ecological mulching film: the thickness of the ecological mulching film is 0.23mm and is 7580/m2The density of the soil is that round holes with the diameter of 3.2mm are uniformly distributed on the mulching film, so that red roots can penetrate through the round holes on the film and can be pricked into soil downwards, the round holes have the water permeability of 100 percent, and the hole gaps have the water permeability of 0 percent; the thickness of the round hole is 0.4mm, one side of the round hole is flush with the membrane, and the other side of the round hole protrudes out of the surface of the membrane by 0.32mm, so that the contact area with soil is increased; the ecological mulching film is degradable;
(4) ridging: one week before planting, ploughing the field, applying quicklime according to 8 kg/mu, drying soil for 4 days, leveling, ridging, applying decomposed farmyard manure, covering the mulching film in the step (3), and uniformly covering raw soil with the thickness of 1.5cm on the mulching film; the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of a wine groove, 9 parts of cassava residue, 6 parts of chicken manure, 6 parts of peanut cake, 3 parts of fishbone powder and 9 parts of rice bran;
(5) seed pretreatment: placing qualified seeds selected by the test of the step (1) in the sun for irradiation for 3.5 hours, and then soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of the bud promoting agent obtained in the step (2) and water according to the volume ratio of 1:320, wherein the seed soaking time is 25 hours;
(6) sowing: mixing river sand, humus soil, perlite, biogas slurry and mushroom bran according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1:4:1 to obtain a seedling culture substrate, uniformly mixing the seeds treated in the step (5) with the seedling culture substrate, uniformly spraying the seeds mixed with the seedling culture substrate on ridges according to the sowing amount of 65 g/mu, spraying water, covering a shading net, and removing the shading net when 3 true leaves grow out of the seedlings;
(7) field management: watering once in the morning and evening after sowing to keep the soil moist, and dressing a leaf fertilizer once every 9 days; applying the bactericide for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests once every 12 days; all medicinal herba Emiliae is collected in the positive flowering phase of 42 days; when the dish is red, topping in time and removing buds; after each harvest, applying organic fertilizer once; the foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of aloe powder, 9 parts of brassinolide, 7 parts of boric acid, 15 parts of urea, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5 part of yeast and 160 parts of water; the bactericide is carbendazim solution diluted by 300 times by adding water; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of biogas residues, 10 parts of straws, 12 parts of bone meal fertilizer and 9 parts of human and animal excreta.
Example 3
The efficient planting method for the emilia sonchifolia provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: screening qualified seeds according to the germination rate of the seeds to be tested, wherein the specific method for testing comprises the following steps: selecting emilia sonchifolia seeds, randomly dividing into a plurality of parts, numbering the parts in sequence, soaking each part of seeds in water at 50 ℃ for 15 hours, filtering the water, washing the parts with clear water, placing the parts in a culture dish with filter paper, observing the germination condition after 72 hours, calculating the corresponding germination rate, and selecting the seeds with the germination rate not lower than 80% as qualified seeds;
(2) preparing a bud promoting agent: a. and (3) strain amplification culture: mixing brown sugar and wheat bran according to a mass ratio of 1: 11, inoculating 1-2mL of probiotics, adding water with the same volume as the probiotics, and naturally fermenting for 25 hours to obtain a strain for later use; b. preparing a supernatant fluid: mixing the powder of the kudzu, the pineapple and the cedar wood chips according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1, then mixing the obtained mixture with the strain obtained in the step a according to the mass ratio of 11:1, putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting for 95 days, filtering the fermented product, and taking the supernatant as the germination promoter;
(3) preparing an ecological mulching film: the thickness of the ecological mulching film is 0.25mm according to 7600 pieces/m2The circular holes with the diameter of 3.5mm are uniformly distributed on the mulching film to be beneficial to reddeningThe roots penetrate through round holes in the membrane and are pricked into the soil downwards, the water permeability of the round holes is 100 percent, and the water permeability of the hole gaps is 0; the thickness of the round hole is 0.4mm, one side of the round hole is flush with the membrane, and the other side of the round hole protrudes out of the surface of the membrane by 0.33mm, so that the contact area with soil is increased; the ecological mulching film is degradable;
(4) ridging: one week before planting, ploughing the field, applying quicklime according to 10 kg/mu, drying the soil for 5 days, leveling, ridging, applying decomposed farmyard manure, covering the mulching film in the step (3), and uniformly covering raw soil with the thickness of 2cm on the mulching film; the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of wine groove, 12 parts of cassava residue, 8 parts of chicken manure, 8 parts of peanut cake, 4 parts of fishbone powder and 12 parts of rice bran;
(5) seed pretreatment: placing qualified seeds selected by the test of the step (1) in the sun for irradiation for 4 hours, and then soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of the germination accelerator obtained in the step (2) and water according to the volume ratio of 1:350, wherein the seed soaking time is 26 hours;
(6) sowing: mixing river sand, humus soil, perlite, biogas slurry and mushroom bran according to the mass ratio of 3:1:2:4:1 to obtain a seedling culture substrate, uniformly mixing the seeds treated in the step (5) with the seedling culture substrate, uniformly spraying the seeds mixed with the seedling culture substrate on ridges according to the seeding amount of 70 g/mu, spraying water, covering a shading net, and removing the shading net when 3 true leaves grow out of the seedlings;
(7) field management: watering once in the morning and evening after sowing, keeping the soil moist, and dressing a leaf fertilizer once every 10 days; applying the bactericide for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests once every 15 days; all medicinal herba Emiliae is collected in the positive flowering phase of 45 days; when the dish is red, topping in time and removing buds; after each harvest, applying organic fertilizer once; the foliar fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of aloe powder, 12 parts of brassinolide, 10 parts of boric acid, 20 parts of urea, 4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.6 part of yeast and 200 parts of water; the bactericide is carbendazim solution diluted by 300 times by adding water; the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of biogas residues, 14 parts of straws, 16 parts of bone meal fertilizer and 12 parts of human and animal excreta.
Effect verification
To further illustrate the utility value of the highly efficient planting method of emilia sonchifolia of the present invention, the applicant made a comparative test:
a first group: the planting method of embodiment 1 of the invention;
second group: the planting method of embodiment 2 of the invention;
third group: the planting method of embodiment 3 of the invention;
and a fourth group: removing the germination promoter and soaking seeds with the germination promoter, and carrying out other methods strictly according to the embodiment 1;
and a fifth group: removing the ecological mulching film, and carrying out other methods strictly according to the embodiment 1;
a sixth group: and (4) carrying out a traditional planting method.
And (3) effect analysis: the germination rate of the seeds, the survival rate of the seedlings, the yield and the profit (income-cost) during the cultivation were recorded as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison table of planting situation
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the method for planting the emilia sonchifolia has the advantages of high seed germination rate, high survival rate, high yield, low cost and improvement of economic benefits of the emilia sonchifolia planting.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. The efficient planting method of the pointohong is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) seed selection: screening qualified seeds according to the germination rate of the seeds to be tested, wherein the specific method for testing comprises the following steps: selecting emilia sonchifolia seeds, randomly dividing into a plurality of parts, numbering the parts in sequence, wherein each part is 50-60 g, soaking each part of seeds in water at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 12-15 hours, filtering the water, washing the seeds with clear water, placing the seeds in a culture dish with filter paper, observing the germination condition after 48-72 hours, calculating the corresponding germination rate, and selecting the seeds with the germination rate not lower than 80% as qualified seeds;
(2) preparing a bud promoting agent: a. and (3) strain amplification culture: mixing brown sugar and wheat bran according to a mass ratio of 1: mixing according to the proportion of 10-11, inoculating 1-2mL of probiotics, adding water with the same volume as the probiotics, and naturally fermenting for 24-25 hours to obtain a strain for later use; b. preparing a supernatant fluid: mixing the wood chips of the pachyrhizua angulatus, the pineapples and the cedar wood according to the mass ratio of 1-2:2:1, then mixing the obtained mixture with the strains obtained in the step a according to the mass ratio of 10-11:1, putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting the mixture for 90-95 days, filtering the fermented product, and taking the supernatant as the germination promoter;
(3) preparing an ecological mulching film: the thickness of the ecological mulching film is 0.2-0.25mm, and is 7600 pieces/m according to 7560-2The density of the soil is that round holes with the diameter of 3-3.5mm are uniformly distributed on the mulching film, so that red roots can penetrate through the round holes on the film and can be pricked into soil downwards, the round holes have the water permeability of 100 percent, and the hole gaps have the water permeability of 0 percent; the thickness of the round hole is 0.4mm, one side of the round hole is flush with the membrane, and the other side of the round hole protrudes out of the surface of the membrane by 0.3-0.33mm, so that the contact area with the soil is increased;
(4) ridging: one week before planting, ploughing the field, applying quicklime according to the weight of 6-10 kg/mu, drying the soil for 3-5 days, leveling, ridging, wherein the width of a ridge surface is 2-3m, the height is 20-30cm, then applying decomposed farmyard manure, covering the mulching film in the step (3), and then uniformly covering raw soil with the thickness of 1-2cm on the mulching film;
(5) seed pretreatment: placing qualified seeds selected by the test of the step (1) in the sun for irradiation for 3-4 hours, and then soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of the germination promoter obtained in the step (2) and water according to the volume ratio of 1:300-350 for 24-26 hours;
(6) sowing: mixing river sand, humus soil, perlite, biogas slurry and mushroom bran according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1-2:3-4:1 to obtain a seedling substrate, uniformly mixing the seeds treated in the step (5) with the seedling substrate, uniformly spraying the seeds mixed with the seedling substrate on ridges according to the seeding amount of 60-70 g/mu, spraying water, covering a shading net, and removing the shading net when 3 true leaves grow out of the seedlings;
(7) field management: watering once in the morning and evening after sowing, keeping the soil moist, and dressing a leaf fertilizer once every 7-10 days; applying the bactericide for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests once every 10 to 15 days; collecting herba Duchesneae Indicae as medicinal material in the positive flowering phase of 40-45 days; when the dish is red, topping in time and removing buds; after each harvest, applying organic fertilizer once;
the foliar fertilizer in the step (7) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of aloe powder, 6-12 parts of brassinolide, 5-10 parts of boric acid, 10-20 parts of urea, 2-4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.4-0.6 part of yeast and 200 parts of water 120-;
the organic fertilizer in the step (7) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-16 parts of biogas residues, 7-14 parts of straws, 8-16 parts of bone meal fertilizer and 5-12 parts of human and animal excreta.
2. The efficient planting method of emilia sonchifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the decomposed farmyard manure in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-16 parts of wine groove, 6-12 parts of cassava residue, 3-8 parts of chicken manure, 3-8 parts of peanut cake, 2-4 parts of fishbone powder and 6-12 parts of rice bran.
3. The efficient planting method of emilia sonchifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bactericide in step (7) is a 300-fold diluted carbendazim solution.
4. The efficient planting method of emilia sonchifolia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological mulching film in step (3) is degradable.
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| CN110896800B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-12-31 | 南宁市农业科学研究所 | Seed collection time control method for emilia sonchifolia planting |
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