CN113303286B - Method for constructing soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecological system - Google Patents
Method for constructing soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecological system Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which comprises the following steps: composting and ridging farmyard, livestock and poultry manure on a planting field, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 60-70%; inoculating earthworms on the ridges, placing drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridges on the ridges, then laying ground cloth, and composting the earthworms for 20-30 days, wherein water is sprayed onto the compost body through the drip irrigation pipes, and the water content of the ridges is kept at 60-70%; and step three, after the earthworm composting is finished, uncovering the ground cloth, sowing grass seeds on the ridges, and planting vegetable seedlings on the ridges after the grass grows to cover the whole ridge surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green ecological planting. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem.
Background
The earthworm biotechnology is characterized in that the specific biotransformation capability of earthworms is utilized, cow dung, straws, tailed vegetables and the like are used as raw materials to breed earthworms, the produced earthworm dung is used as a base fertilizer, and the earthworm biotechnology can improve the soil ecological environment, fertilize the soil, clean the environment, improve the resource utilization rate, reduce the using amount of pesticides and fertilizers, produce high-quality agricultural products, and realize the ecological cycle of breeding and planting and the ecological cycle in the planting industry.
For reducing the application amount of farmland fertilizer, combine vegetable planting and earthworm cultivation among the more and more agricultural technologies, but present traditional method mostly is selected special place to build fixed cow dung heap and carries out biological treatment and transformation of earthworm, need occupy the place of great area, and need transport the cow dung heap after the compost is accomplished to the farmland and use, increased planting cost, in addition, the fertility of the soil originally in the farmland can not obtain essential improvement.
In addition, in northern areas with low temperature in China, the yield of vegetables planted in autumn, winter, spring and early spring stubbles is generally low, because the internal temperature of soil in farmlands is low due to the low temperature, the activity of microorganisms in the soil is low, the root of the vegetables is poor in development, and the yield and the quality of the vegetables are low.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which comprises the steps of composting on site in a planting field, introducing earthworms to treat cow dung to obtain wormcast, then planting green manure grass plants to form an insulating layer on the surfaces of ridges, and then planting vegetable seedlings; the invention effectively combines the technology of improving the planting soil quality by earthworm compost and covering and insulating grass plants, and greatly improves the yield and the vegetable quality of vegetable planting in the north.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a soil-earthworm-cover plant integrated green ecosystem construction method, comprising the steps of:
composting and ridging farmyard manure and livestock manure on a planting land, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 60-70%;
inoculating earthworms on the ridges, placing drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridges on the ridges, then laying ground cloth, and composting the earthworms for 20-30 days, wherein water is sprayed onto the compost body through the drip irrigation pipes, and the water content of the ridges is kept at 60-70%;
and step three, after the earthworm composting is finished, uncovering the ground cloth, sowing grass seeds on the ridges, and planting vegetable seedlings on the ridges after the grass grows to cover the whole ridge surface.
Preferably, the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem comprises a step I of carrying out land preparation pretreatment on a planting field before composting and ridging by using livestock and poultry manure on the planting field, and specifically comprises the following steps: sprinkling 500 g/mu of quicklime on the surface of the planting land, and insolating for 5-10 days, then deeply turning the planting land by 20-30 cm, leveling the surface of the planting land, then paving a layer of vermiculite mixture with the thickness of 3-4 cm on the surface of the planting land, and paving a layer of nylon net on the surface of the vermiculite mixture to obtain the artificial soil; the vermiculite mixture comprises bamboo vinegar liquid, peanut bran water, molasses alcohol fermentation liquid and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 0.2:0.5:10: 30; the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.3-0.6 mm.
Preferably, the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem construction method is that the inoculation amount of the earthworms is 0.5kg/m3。
Preferably, in the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, the sowing amount of the grass seeds is 5 kg/mu, and the grass seeds are one or a mixture of clover, ryegrass and wild peas.
Preferably, the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem comprises the steps of planting vegetable seedlings with the plant spacing of 30-35 cm and the row spacing of 40-50 cm, wherein the vegetable seedlings are tomato seedlings or other vegetable seedlings except pepper seedlings.
Preferably, the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem construction method is characterized in that the farm and livestock manure comprises cow manure, pig manure, straw fermentation products, seabed lower organism rotten products, peel enzymes and bamboo vinegar in a weight ratio of 5:2:0.5:0.5:0.2: 0.1.
Preferably, in the second step, the urea and the bamboo vinegar solution are added into the water sprayed by the drip irrigation pipe, and the weight ratio of the urea to the bamboo vinegar solution to the water is 0.05:0.08: 1.
Preferably, in the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, wet corn stalks are covered on the surface of the ridge before ground cloth is laid in the second step, and the specific manufacturing method of the wet corn stalks comprises the following steps: exposing the corn straws to the sun, cutting the corn straws to a corn straw section with the length of 3-4 cm, performing steam explosion treatment on the corn straw section, and then soaking the corn straw section in a soaking solution for 20-30 min to obtain the corn straw; ultrasonic treatment is carried out simultaneously in the soaking treatment process; the soaking solution comprises peanut bran water, bamboo vinegar liquid and urea in a weight ratio of 10:0.2: 0.04.
Preferably, in the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, the cover thickness of the wetted corn straws is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem comprises the steps of selecting a field with a greenhouse as a planting field, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 45-65 ℃ in the first step; and in the second step, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 30-35 ℃.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
in-situ composting is carried out on a planting site, earthworms are introduced to treat cow dung to obtain wormcast, then green manure grass plants are planted to form an insulating layer on the surfaces of ridges, and then vegetable seedlings are planted; according to the invention, three related and independent technological measures of earthworm composting, soil improvement and grass plant covering are organically integrated, so that a green ecological breeding system is constructed, the application amount of organic fertilizers is reduced, and the yield and the vegetable quality of vegetable planting in the north are greatly improved;
the in-situ composting can eliminate the transfer operation procedure of the cow dung compost, reduce the planting and fertilizing cost, introduce earthworms into the compost, fully utilize the earthworms to carry out bioconversion on the cow dung, and adopt the earthworm biotechnology to realize the harmless and resource utilization of the manure in the breeding industry and promote the output of green organic fertilizer in the planting industry, thereby not only realizing the requirement of clean and tidy treatment of rural environment, but also creating a new way and a new channel for the income increase of farmers; the green manure grass plants are planted on the ridges after composting is completed, vegetable seedlings are planted after the grass plants completely cover the surfaces of the ridges, the green manure grass plants form a natural protective layer on the surfaces of the ridges, the technical problem that the microbial activity in soil is low due to low northern temperature is solved, meanwhile, the green grass plants also have the nitrogen fixation effect, and the grass plants also have the microbial environment for improving the soil in the vegetable growth process.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which comprises the following steps:
composting and ridging farmyard, livestock and poultry manure on a planting field, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 60-70%; the width of the ridge is 70cm, and the height of the ridge is 20 cm;
inoculating earthworms on the ridges, placing drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridges on the ridges, then laying ground cloth, completely covering the ridges, composting the earthworms for 20-30 days, and spraying water to the compost body through the drip irrigation pipes during the period to keep the water content of the ridges to be 60-70%;
and step three, after the earthworm composting is finished, uncovering the ground cloth, sowing grass seeds on the ridges, and planting vegetable seedlings on the ridges after the grass grows to cover the whole ridge surface.
In the technical scheme, in-situ composting is carried out on a planting site, earthworms are introduced to treat cow dung to obtain wormcast, then green manure grass plants are planted to form a heat insulation layer on the surfaces of ridges, and then vegetable seedlings are planted; according to the invention, three related and independent technological measures of earthworm composting, soil improvement and grass plant covering are organically integrated, so that a green ecological breeding system is constructed, the application amount of organic fertilizer is reduced, and the yield and the vegetable quality of vegetable planting in the north are greatly improved;
the in-situ composting can eliminate the transfer operation procedure of the cow dung compost, reduce the planting and fertilizing cost, introduce earthworms into the compost, fully utilize the earthworms to carry out bioconversion on the cow dung, and adopt the earthworm biotechnology to realize the harmless and resource utilization of the manure in the breeding industry and promote the output of green organic fertilizer in the planting industry, thereby not only realizing the requirement of clean and tidy treatment of rural environment, but also creating a new way and a new channel for the income increase of farmers; the green manure grass plants are planted on the ridges after composting is completed, vegetable seedlings are planted after the grass plants completely cover the surfaces of the ridges, the green manure grass plants form a natural protective layer on the surfaces of the ridges, the technical problem that the microbial activity in soil is low due to low northern temperature is solved, meanwhile, the green grass plants also have the nitrogen fixation effect, and the grass plants also have the microbial environment for improving the soil in the vegetable growth process.
In another technical scheme, the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem comprises the following steps of firstly, performing soil preparation pretreatment on a planting field before composting and ridging with livestock and poultry manure on the planting field, and specifically comprises the following steps: sprinkling 500 g/mu of quicklime on the surface of the planting land, and after insolating for 5-10 days, deeply turning the planting land by 20-30 cm, leveling the surface of the planting land, then paving a layer of vermiculite mixture with the thickness of 3-4 cm on the surface of the planting land, and paving a layer of nylon net on the surface of the vermiculite mixture to obtain the composite material; the vermiculite mixture comprises bamboo vinegar liquid, peanut bran water, molasses alcohol fermentation liquid and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 0.2:0.5:10: 30; the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.3-0.6 mm.
In the technical scheme, the planting land is pretreated, the planting land is disinfected and sterilized by splashing quicklime and insolation, the vermiculite mixture is paved on the surface of the planting land, a proper culture bed is paved for the cow dung and earthworm compost, the vermiculite mixture can ensure the air permeability of the culture bed, bamboo vinegar liquid, peanut bran water and molasses alcohol fermentation liquid in the vermiculite mixture can also provide effective substances for the composting process, the thoroughness of compost fermentation is promoted, and a nylon net is further paved on the surface of the vermiculite, so that earthworms can be prevented from escaping to the bottom of the culture bed and the culture bed.
The technical scheme can also comprise the following technical details so as to better realize the technical effects: before earthworms are inoculated on the ridges in the second step; digging a plurality of cylindrical grooves arranged at intervals on each ridge, wherein the distance between any two adjacent grooves is 20-30 cm, the diameter of any groove is 5-8 cm, the interval between any groove and a vegetable seedling is at least 8cm, and the bottom of each groove extends to the surface of the nylon net; inserting an electric heating rod in the middle of each groove, and filling a water-retaining mixture between the inner wall of each groove and the electric heating rod, wherein the water-retaining mixture comprises the wetted corn straws, attapulgite, bagasse, sponge batting and sphagnum in a weight ratio of 5:2:1:1: 3;
in the second step, when the drip irrigation pipe sprays water on the ridges every time, water is supplemented into the water-retaining mixture in the grooves, and the water content of the water-retaining mixture is kept to be 60-70%; after the water retention mixture is filled into the groove, each electric heating rod is started to work for 5-10 min, and the temperature of any electric heating rod is 50-60 ℃.
As a preferred technical scheme, after ridging is completed and before earthworms are inoculated, a plurality of grooves are formed in a ridge, a water-retaining mixture is filled in any groove, the water-retaining mixture has a water storage effect, when the water content in soil is reduced, the water-retaining mixture can convey water for the soil, when the water content in the soil is too high, the water-retaining mixture can absorb part of water to prevent vegetable seedlings from being burnt due to the too high water content in the soil, an electric heating rod is arranged in each groove, after water is sprayed on the surface of the ridge, the electric heating rods are started to raise the temperature around the grooves, the earthworms around the grooves migrate to a place with lower temperature in the soil after being heated, after the electric heating rods stop heating, the temperature around the grooves is lowered, the earthworms migrate back again, the activity range of the earthworms in the soil can be increased, the compost fermentation is always in an aerobic state, and unpowered aerobic composting is carried out, improving the composting efficiency and quality, being beneficial to the biological treatment and transformation of earthworm compost, providing the efficiency of cow dung compost and the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer, and providing sufficient nutrition for the growth process of vegetables.
In another technical scheme, the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem construction method is characterized in that the inoculation amount of the earthworms is 0.5kg/m3。
In another technical scheme, the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecological system construction method is characterized in that the sowing amount of grass seeds is 5 kg/mu, and the grass seeds are one or a mixture of clover, ryegrass and wild peas.
In another technical scheme, the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem comprises the steps that the planting distance of vegetable seedlings is 30-35 cm, the row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the vegetable seedlings are tomato seedlings or other vegetable seedlings except pepper seedlings.
In another technical scheme, the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem construction method is characterized in that the farm and livestock manure comprises cow manure, pig manure, straw fermentation products, benthos, pericarp ferment and bamboo vinegar liquid in a weight ratio of 5:2:0.5:0.5:0.2: 0.1.
In another technical scheme, the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem comprises the step two of adding urea and bamboo vinegar into water sprayed by a drip irrigation pipe, wherein the weight ratio of the urea to the bamboo vinegar to the water is 0.05:0.08: 1.
In another technical scheme, the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem construction method comprises the following steps of covering wet corn straws on the surface of a ridge before ground cloth is laid, wherein the specific preparation method of the wet corn straws comprises the following steps: exposing the corn straws to the sun, cutting the corn straws to a corn straw section with the length of 3-4 cm, performing steam explosion treatment on the corn straw section, and then soaking the corn straw section in a soaking solution for 20-30 min to obtain the corn straw; ultrasonic treatment is carried out simultaneously in the soaking treatment process; the soaking solution comprises peanut bran water, bamboo vinegar liquid and urea in a weight ratio of 10:0.2: 0.04. The wetted corn straws are covered on the surface of the ridge, so that the heat preservation effect can be achieved, a ventilating environment is provided for the earthworms, the corn straws are subjected to exposure and steam explosion treatment, the porosity of the corn straw section is increased, the liquid absorption amount of the corn straw section to a soaking solution is increased, nitrogen and carbon can be supplemented for the composting process by peanut bran water, bamboo vinegar solution and urea absorbed by the corn straws, the composting fermentation progress and thoroughness are promoted, and the fertility of the compost is improved.
In another technical scheme, in the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, the cover thickness of the wet corn straw is 5-10 cm.
In another technical scheme, the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem construction method includes that a field with a greenhouse is selected as a planting field, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 45-65 ℃ in the first step; and in the second step, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 30-35 ℃.
< example 1>
The invention provides a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which comprises the following steps:
composting and ridging farmyard, livestock and poultry manure on a planting field, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 60%; the width of each ridge is 70cm, and the height of each ridge is 20 cm;
secondly, inoculating earthworms on the ridges, wherein the inoculation amount of the earthworms is 0.5kg/m3Arranging drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridge on the ridge, then laying ground cloth, completely covering the ridge, composting the earthworms for 20d, and spraying water to the pile body through the drip irrigation pipes during the period to keep the water content of the ridge at 60%;
step three, after the earthworm composting is finished, uncovering the ground cloth, and sowing ryegrass seeds on ridges, wherein the sowing amount of the ryegrass seeds is 5 kg/mu; after the grass grows to cover the whole ridge surface, planting tomato seedlings on the ridge; the planting distance of the tomato seedlings is 3cm, and the row spacing is 40 cm;
selecting a field with a greenhouse as a planting field, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 45 ℃ in the first step; and in the second step, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 30 ℃.
< example 2>
The invention provides a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which comprises the following steps:
composting and ridging farmyard, livestock and poultry manure on a planting field, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 70%; the width of the ridge is 70cm, and the height of the ridge is 20 cm;
secondly, inoculating earthworms on the ridges, wherein the inoculation amount of the earthworms is 0.5kg/m3Placing drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridges on the ridges, then laying ground cloth, completely covering the ridges, carrying out earthworm composting for 30d, and spraying water to the piles through the drip irrigation pipes during the period to keep the water content of the ridges at 70%;
step three, after the earthworm composting is finished, uncovering the ground cloth, and sowing wild pea seeds on ridges, wherein the sowing amount of the grass seeds is 5 kg/mu; after the grass grows to cover the whole ridge surface, planting tomato seedlings on the ridge; the planting distance of the tomato seedlings is 35cm, and the row spacing is 50 cm;
selecting a field with a greenhouse as a planting field, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 65 ℃ in the first step; and in the second step, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 35 ℃.
< example 3>
The invention provides a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which comprises the following steps:
composting and ridging farmyard manure and livestock manure on a planting land, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 65%; the width of the ridge is 70cm, and the height of the ridge is 20 cm;
secondly, inoculating earthworms on the ridges, wherein the inoculation amount of the earthworms is 0.5kg/m3Arranging drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridge on the ridge, laying ground cloth, completely covering the ridge, composting the earthworms for 25d, and spraying water to the heap body through the drip irrigation pipes during the period to keep the water content of the ridge at 65%;
step three, after the earthworm composting is finished, uncovering the ground cloth, and sowing clover seeds on the ridges, wherein the sowing amount of the grass seeds is 5 kg/mu; planting tomato seedlings on the ridges after the grass grows to cover the whole ridge surface; the planting distance of the tomato seedlings is 33cm, and the row spacing is 45 cm;
selecting a field with a greenhouse as a planting field, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 55 ℃ in the first step; and in the second step, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 33 ℃.
< example 4>
The difference between the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem and the embodiment 3 is that in the step one, before composting and ridging are carried out on a planting field by using livestock and poultry manure, the planting field is subjected to soil preparation pretreatment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: sprinkling 500 g/mu of quicklime on the surface of the planting land, and insolating for 5-10 days, then deeply turning the planting land by 20-30 cm, leveling the surface of the planting land, then paving a layer of vermiculite mixture with the thickness of 3-4 cm on the surface of the planting land, and paving a layer of nylon net on the surface of the vermiculite mixture to obtain the artificial soil; the vermiculite mixture comprises bamboo vinegar liquid, peanut bran water, molasses alcohol fermentation liquid and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 0.2:0.5:10: 30; the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.3-0.6 mm; the farm poultry manure comprises cow manure, pig manure, straw fermentation products, benthos, pericarp ferment and bamboo vinegar liquid in a weight ratio of 5:2:0.5:0.5:0.2: 0.1; the remaining conditions and parameters were the same as in example 3.
< example 5>
A method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which is different from the embodiment 4 in that in the second step, urea and bamboo vinegar are added into water sprayed by a drip irrigation pipe, and the weight ratio of the urea to the bamboo vinegar to the water is 0.05:0.08: 1; the remaining conditions and parameters were the same as in example 4.
< example 6>
The difference between the method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem and the embodiment 5 is that wet corn straws are covered on the surface of the ridge before ground cloth is laid in the step two, and the covering thickness of the wet corn straws is 8 cm; the specific preparation method of the wet corn straw comprises the following steps: exposing the corn straws to the sun, cutting the corn straws to a corn straw section with the length of 3-4 cm, performing steam explosion treatment on the corn straw section, and then soaking the corn straw section in a soaking solution for 25min to obtain the corn straw; ultrasonic treatment is carried out simultaneously in the soaking treatment process; the soaking solution comprises peanut bran water, bamboo vinegar liquid and urea in a weight ratio of 10:0.2: 0.04; the remaining conditions and parameters were the same as in example 5.
< example 7>
A method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which is different from the method in the embodiment 6 in that before earthworms are inoculated on ridges in the step two; digging a plurality of cylindrical grooves arranged at intervals on each ridge, wherein the distance between any two adjacent grooves is 25cm, the diameter of any groove is 6cm, at least 8cm is arranged between any groove and a vegetable seedling, and the bottom of each groove extends to the surface of the nylon net; inserting an electric heating rod in the middle of each groove, and filling a water-retaining mixture between the inner wall of each groove and the electric heating rod, wherein the water-retaining mixture comprises the wetted corn straws, attapulgite, bagasse, sponge batting and sphagnum in a weight ratio of 5:2:1:1: 3;
in the second step, when the drip irrigation pipe sprays water on the ridges every time, water is supplemented into the water-retaining mixture in the grooves, and the water content of the water-retaining mixture is kept to be 65%; after the water retention mixture is filled into the groove, starting each electric heating rod to work for 8min, wherein the temperature of any electric heating rod is 55 ℃; the remaining conditions and parameters were the same as in example 6.
< comparative example 1>
The invention provides a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which comprises the following steps:
composting and ridging farmyard manure and livestock manure on a planting land, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 65%; the width of the ridge is 70cm, and the height of the ridge is 20 cm;
step two, placing drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridges on the ridges, then laying ground cloth, completely covering the ridges, composting for 25d, and spraying water onto the piles through the drip irrigation pipes during composting to keep the water content of the ridges at 65%;
step three, after composting, uncovering the ground cloth, and sowing clover seeds on the ridges, wherein the sowing amount of the grass seeds is 5 kg/mu; planting tomato seedlings on the ridges after the grass grows to cover the whole ridge surface; the planting distance of the tomato seedlings is 33cm, and the row spacing is 45 cm;
selecting a field with a greenhouse as a planting field, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 55 ℃ in the first step; and in the second step, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 33 ℃.
< comparative example 2>
The invention provides a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which comprises the following steps:
composting and ridging farmyard, livestock and poultry manure on a planting field, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 65%; the width of each ridge is 70cm, and the height of each ridge is 20 cm;
secondly, inoculating earthworms on the ridges, wherein the inoculation amount of the earthworms is 0.5kg/m3Arranging drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridge on the ridge, laying ground cloth, completely covering the ridge, composting the earthworms for 25d, and spraying water to the heap body through the drip irrigation pipes during the period to keep the water content of the ridge at 65%;
step three, after the earthworm composting is finished, uncovering the ground cloth, and planting tomato seedlings on the ridges in a fixed mode; the planting distance of the tomato seedlings is 33cm, and the row spacing is 45 cm;
selecting a field with a greenhouse as a planting field, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 55 ℃ in the first step; and in the second step, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 33 ℃.
< comparative example 3>
The invention provides a method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, which comprises the following steps:
composting and ridging farmyard, livestock and poultry manure on a planting field, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 65%; the width of the ridge is 70cm, and the height of the ridge is 20 cm;
secondly, placing drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridge on the ridge, then laying ground cloth, completely covering the ridge, composting for 25d, and spraying water to the heap body through the drip irrigation pipes to keep the water content of the ridge at 65%;
step three, after composting, uncovering the ground cloth, and planting tomato seedlings on ridges; the planting distance of the tomato seedlings is 33cm, and the row spacing is 45 cm;
selecting a field with a greenhouse as a planting field, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 55 ℃ in the first step; and in the second step, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 33 ℃.
< test example 1>
Selecting greenhouse planting fields with the same soil quality in the north, planting tomatoes according to the planting methods of the embodiment 3 and the comparative examples 1-3, respectively, picking the tomatoes after the tomatoes are ripe, and collecting earthworms; after one planting period is finished, the quality of the tomatoes (the content of reducing sugar and the content of vitamin C) is measured, the yield of the tomatoes is counted, and the planting pure income (the pure income is four-west-red product income + earthworm income-planting material cost-labor cost) is calculated, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 tomato quality, tomato yield, planting net benefit
As can be seen from Table 1, the quality and yield of the tomatoes are greatly improved in the embodiment 3 of the invention compared with the comparative examples 1-3, and a higher yield is created; therefore, the earthworm compost, the green grass mulching and the soil improvement are organically integrated, a green ecological culture system is constructed, the application amount of organic fertilizers is reduced, the yield and the vegetable quality of vegetable planting in the north are greatly improved, and the agricultural product income of farmers is improved.
< test example 2>
Selecting greenhouse planting fields with the same soil quality in the north, planting tomatoes according to the planting methods of the embodiments 3-7, picking tomatoes after the tomatoes are ripe, and counting the average plant height of the tomato plants, the average single fruit weight of the tomatoes and the yield of the tomatoes after a planting period is finished; measuring the physicochemical properties of the soil after the completion of planting and collection of earthworms, wherein the specific results are shown in table 2;
TABLE 2 tomato quality and soil Properties
| Item | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 |
| Average plant height (cm) of tomato | 94 | 99 | 105 | 110 | 118 |
| Tomato weight (g) | 203 | 208 | 211 | 215 | 218 |
| Tomato yield (kg/mu) | 4902 | 4936 | 5053 | 5119 | 5189 |
| Total nitrogen content (mg/kg) of soil | 1.76 | 1.78 | 1.79 | 1.81 | 1.83 |
| Organic matter content of soil (g/kg) | 22.41 | 22.52 | 22.89 | 23.17 | 23.79 |
| Soil available potassium content (mg/kg) | 157.31 | 158.09 | 158.99 | 159.25 | 160.04 |
| Soil available phosphorus content (mg/kg) | 73.09 | 73.91 | 74.23 | 74.89 | 75.11 |
As can be seen from table 2, the present invention can improve the quality of the vegetables and tomatoes to a certain extent and can improve the quality of the soil of the planting field by performing a soil preparation pretreatment on the planting field, preparing special manure of farm animals and poultry, spraying the prepared aqueous solution through a drip irrigation pipe, covering the surface of the ridge with wet corn stalks, and providing the groove on the ridge with the electric heating rod.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown in the description and the examples, which are set forth, but are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor as are suited to the particular use contemplated, and further modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art, since the invention is not limited to the details shown and described without departing from the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, carrying out in-situ composting and ridging on a planting field by using livestock and poultry manure, and spraying water on each ridge to keep the water content of the ridge to be 60-70%;
inoculating earthworms on the ridges, placing drip irrigation pipes extending along the length direction of the ridges on the ridges, then laying ground cloth, and composting the earthworms for 20-30 days, wherein water is sprayed onto the compost body through the drip irrigation pipes, and the water content of the ridges is kept at 60-70%;
step three, after the earthworm composting is finished, uncovering the ground cloth, sowing grass seeds on the ridges, and planting vegetable seedlings on the ridges after the grass grows to cover the whole ridge surface;
wherein, before composting and ridging on the planting field by using the manure of farm animals and poultry in the step one, the planting field is subjected to land preparation pretreatment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: sprinkling 500 g/mu of quicklime on the surface of the planting land, and insolating for 5-10 days, then deeply turning the planting land by 20-30 cm, leveling the surface of the planting land, then paving a layer of vermiculite mixture with the thickness of 3-4 cm on the surface of the planting land, and paving a layer of nylon net on the surface of the vermiculite mixture to obtain the artificial soil; the vermiculite mixture comprises bamboo vinegar liquid, peanut bran water, molasses alcohol fermentation liquid and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 0.2:0.5:10: 30; the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.3-0.6 mm;
before earthworms are inoculated on the ridges in the second step; digging a plurality of cylindrical grooves arranged at intervals on each ridge, wherein the distance between any two adjacent grooves is 20-30 cm, the diameter of any groove is 5-8 cm, the interval between any groove and a vegetable seedling is at least 8cm, and the bottom of each groove extends to the surface of the nylon net; inserting an electric heating rod in the middle of each groove, and filling a water-retaining mixture between the inner wall of each groove and the electric heating rod, wherein the water-retaining mixture comprises wetted corn straws, attapulgite, bagasse, sponge batting and sphagnum in a weight ratio of 5:2:1:1: 3;
in the second step, when the drip irrigation pipe sprays water on the ridges every time, water is supplemented into the water-retaining mixture in the grooves, and the water content of the water-retaining mixture is kept to be 60-70%; after the water retention mixture is filled into the groove, starting each electric heating rod to work for 5-10 min, wherein the temperature of any electric heating rod is 50-60 ℃;
any groove is filled with a water-retaining mixture which has a water storage effect, when the water content in soil is reduced, the water-retaining mixture can convey water for the soil, when the water content in the soil is too high, the water-retaining mixture can absorb part of water, so that vegetable seedlings are prevented from being burnt due to the fact that the water content in the soil is too high, an electric heating rod is arranged in each groove, after water is sprayed on the surface of a ridge, the electric heating rods are started, the temperature around the grooves is increased, earthworms around the grooves migrate to a place with lower temperature in the soil after being heated, the temperature around the grooves is reduced after the electric heating rods stop heating, the earthworms can migrate back again, the activity range of the earthworms in the soil can be increased, the composting fermentation is always in an aerobic state, and aerobic composting is carried out.
2. The method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant integrated green ecosystem according to claim 1, wherein the inoculation amount of the earthworms is 0.5kg/m3。
3. The method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem of claim 2, wherein the sowing amount of the grass seeds is 5 kg/mu, and the grass seeds are one or more of clover, ryegrass and wild peas.
4. The method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, according to claim 3, wherein the planting distance of the vegetable seedlings is 30-35 cm, the row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the vegetable seedlings are tomato seedlings or other vegetable seedlings except pepper seedlings.
5. The method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, according to claim 4, wherein the manure of farm animals comprises cow manure, pig manure, straw fermentation, benthic lower organisms, pericarp ferment and bamboo vinegar in a weight ratio of 5:2:0.5:0.5:0.2: 0.1.
6. The method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, according to claim 5, wherein in the second step, urea and bamboo vinegar are added into the water sprayed from the drip irrigation pipe, and the weight ratio of the urea to the bamboo vinegar to the water is 0.05:0.08: 1.
7. The method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, according to claim 6, is characterized in that in the second step, before ground cloth is laid, wet corn stalks are covered on the surface of the ridge, and the specific manufacturing method of the wet corn stalks comprises the following steps: exposing the corn straws to the sun, cutting the corn straws to a corn straw section with the length of 3-4 cm, performing steam explosion treatment on the corn straw section, and then soaking the corn straw section in a soaking solution for 20-30 min to obtain the corn straw; ultrasonic treatment is carried out simultaneously in the soaking treatment process; the soaking solution comprises peanut bran water, bamboo vinegar liquid and urea in a weight ratio of 10:0.2: 0.04.
8. The method for constructing the soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, according to claim 7, wherein the cover thickness of the wet corn stalks is 5 to 10 cm.
9. The method for constructing a soil-earthworm-cover plant comprehensive green ecosystem, according to claim 8, wherein a field with a greenhouse is selected as a planting field, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 45-65 ℃ in the first step; and in the second step, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 30-35 ℃.
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| CN113303286A (en) | 2021-08-27 |
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