CN101724558A - Disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101724558A CN101724558A CN200910220546A CN200910220546A CN101724558A CN 101724558 A CN101724558 A CN 101724558A CN 200910220546 A CN200910220546 A CN 200910220546A CN 200910220546 A CN200910220546 A CN 200910220546A CN 101724558 A CN101724558 A CN 101724558A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant and a preparation method and application thereof. The adopted technical scheme is that the disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant contains seven bacterial strains of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, pseudomonas, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus planetarium. The microbial organic fertilizer prepared by the disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant has the functions of prompting growth of crops and inhibiting diseases. The invention has the functions of preventing and treating multiple fungoid and bacterial diseases and inhibiting viral diseases with the preventing and treating effect of above 80%. The anti-disease effect is enhanced by 10-15%. The invention has the advantages of low production cost and stable process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the microbial organic fertilizer field, relate to a kind of have disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant that promotes crop growth and inhibition disease and the biological organic fertilizer that contains this microbial inoculum particularly.
Background technology
China's microbial fertilizer research originates from the thirties in 20th century, the famous soil microorganisms scholar Zhang Xianwu professor of China has delivered the article of first piece " rihizobium japonicum research and application " in nineteen thirty-seven, the beginning of the fifties, professor Zhang Xianwu leads the scientific research personnel of Inst. of Forestry and Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences again, northeastward area 1,500,000 hm
2The soil on promote the technology of rihizobium japonicum Inoculant, make farm crop on average increase production more than 10%.Promote the use of " 5406 " antibiotic bacteria fertilizer and fixed nitrogen blue-green algae fertilizer that actinomycetes are made the sixties.70～the mid-80, the VA mycorhiza that begins one's study is to improve the plain nutritional condition of plant phosphorus and to improve efficiency of water application.The mid-80～nineties, in the agriculture production again sequential use combination azotobacter and biological potassium fertilizer as seed dressing.After summing up Chinese microbial fertilizer research, production and the applicating history experience of decades, the become thoroughly decomposed agent etc. of association nitrogen fixation bacterial manure, silicate bacteria preparation, photosynthetic bacterium microbial inoculum, PGPR preparation and organic materials (stalk) that releases one after another of microbial fertilizer research institute adapts to the new variety of agricultural development demands.After entering 21 century, occur genetically engineered bacterial manure both at home and abroad, made base manure and the microbial fertilizer of the compound bacterial manure of the organic-inorganic of the usefulness of topdressing, biological organic fertilizer, the highdensity bacterium powder of non-peat composed of rotten mosses carrier type microbial inoculant agent fertilizer and other multiple function type and title.Along with the continuous expansion of going deep into and using of research, microbial fertilizer has formed by the leguminous crop Inoculant and has transformed to non-leguminous crop fertilizer; Transform to composite biological fertilizer by single Inoculant; Transform to composite bacteria by single culture; By simple function to multi-functional conversion; By with the production of no brood cell's bacterial classification to trend such as brood cell's bacterial classification production conversion are arranged.Produce the requirement of " green food " according to China, the amount of application of control fertilizer and pesticide is imperative, and microorganism fertilizer has the activating soil nutrient, promotes root system to absorb moisture, stimulating plant growth, some can also suppress the harmful microbe survival, shows the effect that alleviates some diseases (worm) evil.Therefore, to have a microbial fertilizer of disease-resistant function very necessary in research.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of have disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant that promotes crop growth and suppress disease and the biological organic fertilizer of producing with this microbial inoculum.
Among the present invention, form: bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus), Bacillus licheniformis (licheniformis), false monospore bacillus (pseudomonas), yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiace) bacterium, lactobacillus plantarum (lactobcillus plantarum) by following seven kinds of bacterium.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: a kind of disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant is characterized in that: the weight part proportioning of pressing carrier is composed as follows:
Contain 0.8～1.2 part in bacillus megaterium carrier,
Contain 1.0～2.0 parts in subtilis carrier,
0.2～0.6 part in content of wax shape genus bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.2～0.6 part in Bacillus licheniformis carrier,
Contain 0.1～0.5 part of false monospore bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.2～0.6 part of S. cervisiae strain vector,
Contain 0.1～0.5 part in lactobacillus plantarum carrier,
Vehicle group becomes, and wheat bran and rice bran are 1: 1～1: 2 by weight.
Above-mentioned disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant preparation method is as follows:
1) preparing carriers:
Wheat bran and rice bran were mixed by weight 1: 1～1: 2, as absorption carrier;
2) contain the preparing carriers of microorganism strains:
1. contain bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) carrier: activate by the microorganism field routine operation, amplify through one-level, secondary amplifies and shaking table amplifies, when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, carry out carrier absorption, living bacteria count surpasses 2.5 hundred million/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
The substratum that adopts is: in conventional PDA substratum, add PGY peptone 0.5 gram, and extractum carnis 0.5 gram, yeast extract paste 0.5 gram, tween 80 0.5 gram is regulated PH6.8～7.0;
2. contain subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 300,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
3. content of wax shape genus bacillus (Bacillus cereus) carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 300,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
4. contain Bacillus licheniformis (licheniformis) carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 300,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
5. contain false monospore bacillus (pseudomonas) carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 300,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
6. contain yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiace) carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 2.5 hundred million/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
7. contain lactobacillus plantarum (lactobcillus plantarum) carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 200,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition.
3) mix
With the carrier that contains microorganism strains of second step preparation, by above-mentioned weight part proportioning, get material, mix; Under aseptic condition, carry out the solid-state heap fermentation of nature, keep 35～38 ℃ of temperature, continue 24～36 hours; Carry out cryodrying then, drying temperature is not higher than 55 ℃, to water content≤20%, and effective total viable count 〉=2,000,000,000/gram, assorted bacterium rate≤10% promptly gets disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant, the normal temperature and pressure vacuum packaging.
Adopt aforesaid disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant, can make the biological organic fertilizer that has the promotion crop growth and suppress disease, biological organic fertilizer comprises aforesaid disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant, organic materials, Semen Maydis powder and fowl and animal excrement; Its proportioning is organic materials, the Semen Maydis powder of 1～2kg and the disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant of 0.8～1.5kg that every cubic metre fowl and animal excrement adds 80～100kg;
Wherein said organic materials is one or more mixing of rice husk, sawdust or stalk.Preferred stalk.
Above-mentioned preparation method with the biological organic fertilizer that promotes crop growth and inhibition disease comprises the steps:
By described proportioning, get fowl and animal excrement, stalk and Semen Maydis powder, mix, by regulating proportion of raw materials, to the C/N of mixture than 20～25: between 1, by adding or do not add plaster, to the moisture of mixture between 65～70%, the above-mentioned material that mixes is sent into the GALLUS fermentation cabin, and it is mixing to pressurize, deodorizing sterilizing; After delivering from godown, disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant is inoculated in the mixture, after mixing, through bank up the fermentation and spread out and dry, when moisture reduces to 25～35%, with the tunning granulation, drying is made the biological organic fertilizer that has the promotion crop growth and suppress disease.When material moisture is reduced to 20% when following, packing.
Above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer can also add auxiliary material, and auxiliary material is one or more mixing of wheat bran, fish meal, bone meal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, wilkinite or shale.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the biological organic fertilizer that contains disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant of the present invention, the microbiotic that produces has preventive and therapeutic effect to multiple fungal disease, bacterial disease, viral disease there is restraining effect, as common damping-off, verticillium, black spot, the rotten disease of frost, root rot, late blight and viral mosaic disease etc.Prevention effect reaches more than 80%, suppresses to reduce generation and the procreation of pathogenic bacteria.To crop safety, improve crop disease-resistant, be to produce nuisanceless, the effective bio-organic fertilizer of green food.
2. the biological organic fertilizer that utilizes disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant to produce, disease resisting effect is higher by 10～15% than like product on the market.
3. to tolerate the mal-condition ability strong in the present invention, and reproduction speed is fast, and product is easy to preserve, and under the physical environment, product was preserved after 2 years, and the thalline survival rate is 75%, and the shared ratio of genus bacillus rate in the thalline reaches more than 90% of sum.
4. production cost is low, process stabilizing.Low price, the peasant can afford to use; The processing condition maturation, product category is many, the ripening degree height.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant
(1) it is composed as follows to press the weight part proportioning of carrier:
Contain 1 part in bacillus megaterium carrier,
Contain 1.45 parts in subtilis carrier,
0.4 part in content of wax shape genus bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.4 part in Bacillus licheniformis carrier,
Contain 0.3 part of false monospore bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.4 part in S. cervisiae carrier,
Contain 0.3 part in lactobacillus plantarum carrier;
Vehicle group becomes, and wheat bran and rice bran are 1: 1 by weight.
(2) preparation method of disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant
1, preparing carriers:
Wheat bran and rice bran were mixed by weight 1: 1, as absorption carrier;
2, the preparing carriers that contains microorganism strains:
1. contain the bacillus megaterium carrier: activate by the microorganism field routine operation, amplify through one-level, secondary amplifies and shaking table amplifies, when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, carry out carrier absorption, living bacteria count surpasses 2.5 hundred million/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
The substratum that adopts is: in conventional PDA substratum, add PGY peptone 0.5 gram, and extractum carnis 0.5 gram, yeast extract paste 0.5 gram, tween 80 0.5 gram is regulated PH6.8～7.0;
2. contain the subtilis carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 300,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
3. content of wax shape genus bacillus carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 300,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
4. contain the Bacillus licheniformis carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 300,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
5. contain false monospore bacillus carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 300,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
6. contain the S. cervisiae carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 2.5 hundred million/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition
7. contain the lactobacillus plantarum carrier: substratum and step when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, are carried out carrier absorption with 1., and living bacteria count surpasses 200,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition.
3, mix
With the carrier that contains microorganism strains of second step preparation, by vehicle weight part proportioning, get material, mix; Under aseptic condition, carry out the solid-state heap fermentation of nature, keep 35～38 ℃ of temperature, continue 24～36 hours; Carry out cryodrying then, drying temperature is not higher than 55 ℃, when water content≤20%, and effective total viable count 〉=2,000,000,000/gram, assorted bacterium rate≤10% o'clock, normal temperature and pressure is vacuum-packed down, makes disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant.
Embodiment 2: disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant
(1) it is composed as follows to press the weight part proportioning of carrier:
Contain 0.8 part in bacillus megaterium carrier,
Contain 1.0 parts in subtilis carrier,
0.2 part in content of wax shape genus bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.2 part in Bacillus licheniformis carrier,
Contain 0.1 part of false monospore bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.2 part in S. cervisiae carrier,
Contain 0.1 part in lactobacillus plantarum carrier,
Vehicle group becomes, and wheat bran and rice bran are 1: 1.5 by weight.
(2) preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3 disease-resistant compound microbial inoculants
(1) it is composed as follows to press the weight part proportioning of carrier:
Contain 1.2 parts in bacillus megaterium carrier,
Contain 2.0 parts in subtilis carrier,
0.6 part in content of wax shape genus bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.6 part in Bacillus licheniformis carrier,
Contain 0.5 part of false monospore bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.6 part in S. cervisiae carrier,
Contain 0.5 part in lactobacillus plantarum carrier,
Vehicle group becomes, and wheat bran and rice bran are 1: 2 by weight.
(2) preparation method is with embodiment 1.
4 one kinds of biological organic fertilizers that contain disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant of embodiment
(1) proportioning of biological organic fertilizer
Every cubic metre of chicken manure adds the disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant of 90kg stalk, 1.5kg Semen Maydis powder and 1.0kg embodiment 1 preparation.
(2) preparation method is as follows:
By proportioning, with chicken manure, stalk and Semen Maydis powder, mix, recording the C/N ratio is 25: 1, moisture is 75.3%, adds plaster, to the moisture that records mixture between 65～70%.The above-mentioned material that mixes is sent into the GALLUS fermentation cabin, and it is mixing to pressurize, deodorizing sterilizing.After delivering from godown, the 1.0kg disease-resistant compound microbial is inoculated in the mixture, mixing of materials evenly after, the long strip shape stockpile of high 0.7m, wide 2.2m is banked up in the fermentation of banking up.Go up and plug in thermometer, cover with straw mat.Turning is 1 time after 24 hours, turns over every day afterwards 1 time, measures temperature every day 1 time, turns the back temperature and raises faint or no longer rising, indicates that the elementary decomposition of labile carbohydrate and nitride finishes substantially.Ferment after 5 days, stockpile is spread out dried, when moisture reduces to 30%, with the tunning granulation, drying, when material moisture is reduced to 20% when following, packing is made the biological organic fertilizer that contains disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant.
Embodiment 5 contains the biological organic fertilizer of disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant
In the biological organic fertilizer that embodiment 4 makes, add auxiliary material.
1. add the 0.05kg fish meal in the per kilogram biological organic fertilizer, make the biological organic fertilizer that further contains fish meal.
2. add the 0.05kg bone meal and the 0.5kg peat composed of rotten mosses in the per kilogram biological organic fertilizer, make the biological organic fertilizer that further contains the bone meal and the peat composed of rotten mosses.
3. add 0.04kg fish meal, the 0.2kg peat composed of rotten mosses and 0.2kg wilkinite in the per kilogram biological organic fertilizer, make and further contain fish meal, the peat composed of rotten mosses and bentonitic biological organic fertilizer.
4. add 0.6kg shale in the per kilogram biological organic fertilizer, make the biological organic fertilizer that further contains shale.
Claims (5)
1. disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant, it is characterized in that: the weight part proportioning of pressing carrier is composed as follows:
Contain 0.8～1.2 part in bacillus megaterium carrier,
Contain 1.0～2.0 parts in subtilis carrier,
0.2～0.6 part in content of wax shape genus bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.2～0.6 part in Bacillus licheniformis carrier,
Contain 0.1～0.5 part of false monospore bacillus carrier,
Contain 0.2～0.6 part in S. cervisiae carrier,
Contain 0.1～0.5 part in lactobacillus plantarum carrier,
Vehicle group becomes, and wheat bran and rice bran are 1: 1～1: 2 by weight.
2. the preparation method of the described disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant of claim 1 is characterized in that the preparation method is as follows:
1) preparing carriers:
Wheat bran and rice bran were mixed by weight 1: 1～1: 2, as absorption carrier;
2) contain the preparing carriers of microorganism strains:
With the activation of bacillus megaterium and S. cervisiae, amplify through one-level respectively, secondary amplifies and shaking table amplifies, and when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, carries out carrier absorption respectively, to the carrier living bacteria count surpass 2.5 hundred million/restrain, possess mixing condition;
Respectively with subtilis, bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis and the activation of false monospore bacillus, amplify through one-level, secondary amplifies and shaking table amplifies, when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, carry out carrier absorption respectively, living bacteria count surpasses 300,000,000/gram to the carrier, possesses mixing condition;
With lactobacillus plantarum activation, amplify through one-level, secondary amplifies and shaking table amplifies, and when effective viable count is 2.5～500,000,000/ml number, carries out carrier absorption, to the carrier living bacteria count surpass 200,000,000/restrain, possess mixing condition;
3) mix
With the carrier that contains microorganism strains of second step preparation, by the described weight part proportioning of claim 1, get material, mix; Under aseptic condition, carry out the solid-state heap fermentation of nature, keep 35～38 ℃ of temperature, continue 24～36 hours; Carry out cryodrying then, drying temperature is not higher than 55 ℃, to water content≤20%, and effective total viable count 〉=2,000,000,000/gram, assorted bacterium rate≤10%.
3. a biological organic fertilizer that contains claim 1 or 2 described disease-resistant compound microbial inoculants is characterized in that comprising disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant, organic materials, Semen Maydis powder and fowl and animal excrement; Its proportioning is organic materials, the Semen Maydis powder of 1～2kg and the disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant of 0.8～1.5kg that every cubic metre fowl and animal excrement adds 80～100kg;
Wherein said organic materials is one or more mixing of rice husk, sawdust or stalk.
4. according to the described biological organic fertilizer of claim 3, it is characterized in that comprising auxiliary material, auxiliary material is one or more mixing of wheat bran, fish meal, bone meal, the peat composed of rotten mosses, wilkinite or shale.
5. the preparation method of the described biological organic fertilizer of claim 3 is characterized in that comprising the steps:
By the described proportioning of claim 3, get fowl and animal excrement, stalk and Semen Maydis powder, mix, by regulating proportion of raw materials, to the C/N of mixture than 20～25: between 1, by adding or do not add plaster, to the moisture of mixture between 65～70%, the above-mentioned material that mixes is sent into the GALLUS fermentation cabin, and it is mixing to pressurize, deodorizing sterilizing; After delivering from godown, disease-resistant compound microbial inoculant is inoculated in the mixture, after mixing, through bank up the fermentation and spread out and dry, when moisture reduces to 25～35%, with tunning granulation, drying.
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