CN110663480A - Method for planting rice by rice-duck farming - Google Patents

Method for planting rice by rice-duck farming Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110663480A
CN110663480A CN201911154278.3A CN201911154278A CN110663480A CN 110663480 A CN110663480 A CN 110663480A CN 201911154278 A CN201911154278 A CN 201911154278A CN 110663480 A CN110663480 A CN 110663480A
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rice
duck
ducks
water
planting
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CN201911154278.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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王沙
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Hengyang Zhengzhan Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Hengyang Zhengzhan Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201911154278.3A priority Critical patent/CN110663480A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02Breeding vertebrates

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting rice by rice and duck co-cropping, which comprises the steps of applying organic base fertilizer and deeply ploughing after land selection, introducing water to cultivate the field and build a duck shed, carrying out hardening seedling and raising seedlings after seed selection and carrying out sun seeding, seed soaking and germination on rice seeds in sequence, then planting auxiliary crops in a rice and duck co-cropping area in late March of every year and screwing the auxiliary crops into soil, then carrying out transplanting planting, placing ducks after the rice seedlings enter five leaves, controlling the feeding materials and the food intake of the ducks during the period, withdrawing the duck from the rice field according to batches after the rice spikes are removed, and harvesting after the duck seedlings are matured. The method for planting rice by rice-duck co-cropping has the advantages that the rice yield is high, the rice organic property is good, high-quality ducks can be obtained, the pollution is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

Description

Method for planting rice by rice-duck farming
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological breeding in ecological agricultural technology, in particular to a method for planting rice by rice-duck farming.
Background
The planting industry and the breeding industry are both traditional agricultural economic models, the planting industry and the breeding industry have differences and certain relevance, based on traditional agricultural thinking, the planting industry and the breeding industry have lower economic benefits and higher agricultural risks in respective development and cannot fully exert resource advantages. The planting and breeding combined agricultural development mode is used as a new mixed agricultural economic structure mode, various interrelations of rice and animals are coordinated, various biological resources of a rice field ecological system are efficiently utilized, the maximum utilization of agricultural resources is realized, an industrial chain is enriched, meanwhile, the agricultural mode has ecological benefits, the agricultural resource loss can be greatly reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the transformation of traditional agriculture to ecological agriculture is promoted.
At present, during rice planting, a common planting and breeding combined mode is a duck and rice co-operation system, which fully utilizes ecological principles such as symbiotic mutual benefits, ecological niches, food chains and the like, takes rice as a matrix and rice as a center, and adopts a natural and artificial combined planting and breeding ecological system for field net breeding of domestic ducks. The soil is loosened through the continuous movement of the ducks to stimulate the growth of rice, the excrement of the ducks can be used as organic fertilizer, the ducks can be used for treading on weeds in the field and predating pests to replace the use of herbicides and pesticides, so that chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not used or are used in a small amount; the green and tender weeds, pests, earthworms, river snails and field chickens produced in the rice field provide nutritious natural animal and plant feed for the ducks, so that the ducks are produced quickly and have delicious meat, an ecological breeding system for breeding the ducks in the field, protecting the rice by the ducks and enabling the rice and the domestic ducks to inhabit and grow together is realized, and the ecological breeding system has wide application prospect.
However, the duck and rice co-culture type breeding and breeding system technology performed in various places is still not perfect, and an adaptive technical system established according to different growth characteristics of rice and domestic duck strains is generally lacked, so that the co-growth of the rice and the domestic duck is influenced to a certain extent. In the rice and corresponding growth adaptation technology, the actual situation of a system is not considered, the growth speed and the yield of the rice are mostly considered, the combination of the growth period, the organic property and the growth characteristic of the rice and the duck growth characteristic is neglected, the defects that the yield and the quality cannot be considered, the organic property and the yield of the rice are poor and the quality of the rice is poor exist, and the requirements of the increasingly developed agriculture are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for planting rice by rice-duck farming, which aims to overcome the defects in the technical background.
The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for planting rice by rice-duck farming specifically comprises the following operation steps:
s1, selecting a structure land block which is pollution-free, rich in water resource, flat in terrain and 0.5m, ~ 1.2m, 1.2m and high in staggered floor at the corner position as a rice and duck co-culture area, applying organic base fertilizer and deeply ploughing in the rice and duck co-culture area, leading water to a water culture field water surface to submerge a ridge surface 8 ~ 10 days before transplanting, timely supplementing the water after seepage, carrying out closed weeding after the water level is relatively stable, and culturing waterweeds;
s2, selecting high-quality and high-yield japonica rice with strong straw, strong tillering, more ears, no lodging, full seeds and excellent rice quality, sunning the rice seeds for 30 ~ 40h before sowing, soaking the seeds for 10 ~ 15h by using a seed soaking liquid at the temperature of 35 ~ 40 ℃ for 10 8620 h, soaking the seeds for 15 ~ 20h by using clear water, and finally accelerating germination, hardening seedlings and raising seedlings at the temperature of 18 ~ 25 ℃;
s3, planting milk vetch, alfalfa and water candles in the rice and duck farming area in late 3 months every year, screwing the waterweeds, the milk vetch, the alfalfa and the water candles into soil by using a rotary cultivator in the last ten days of May, and in the middle ten days of May, using the seedlings obtained by the method of the step S2 as raw materials to complete whole-field rice transplanting, wherein the planting density of rice is usually 14 ~ 16cm between each plant during rice transplanting, the row spacing is preferably 25 ~ 30cm, the excessive dense planting density can influence the activities of ducks, the excessive sparse planting can influence the yield, and 4 ~ 6 basic seedlings are transplanted in each hole;
s4, spraying seedling period fertilizer when rice seedlings grow to one-to-two-leaf period, spraying leaf fertilizer at the bottom of July and at the beginning of August, putting ducks in the rice seedlings after five-leaf period, keeping the water depth at 3 ~ 5cm when the ducks are put in the rice seedlings, and putting all the ducks in the duck shed into the field with the duck density of 350 ~ 400/hm2Putting the ducks in the field in the morning and returning the ducks to the duck shed in the evening, putting plant crops duckweeds and animal crops such as small fish, shrimps and snails according to the feed intake of the ducks, and supplementing 80 ~ 100 g/piece of corn flour and concentrated feed mixture according to the mass ratio of 5:1 ~ 3:1 every other day;
s5, after the ears of the rice are removed from the last ten days of August to the last ten days of September, feeding 120 ~ 150 g/duck with corn flour and concentrated feed mixture every day to prevent the duck from eating the ears of the rice, avoiding influencing the yield of the rice, and beginning to withdraw the duck from the rice field according to batches;
s6, gradually draining water after the rice is raised or naturally drying the water, adding water and draining alternately, keeping the field wet, harvesting when the rice is completely yellow and is more than 95%, cutting off water 6 ~ 8 days before harvesting, drying the field after cutting off water, and harvesting after the rice is mature.
As a further limitation, the rice seed selected in step S1 is preferably one of huai rice No. 5, chun you 927, nong xiang 18, nong xiang 32, suxiu 867, and the lodging resistance and disease resistance of these rice seeds are suitable for planting in a rice-duck farming mode.
The organic base fertilizer comprises 20 ~ 30 parts by mass of decomposed animal manure, 3 ~ 16 parts by mass of chicken manure, 56 ~ 065 parts by mass of biogas residues, 10 ~ 20 parts by mass of biogas slurry, 5 ~ 12 parts by mass of soybean meal, 5 ~ 12 parts by mass of peat, 3 ~ 5 parts by mass of plant ash, 5 ~ 15 parts by mass of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5 ~ 10 parts by mass of calcium carbonate, 6 ~ 10 parts by mass of lignin and 0.05 ~ 0.3.3 parts by mass of microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent comprises bacillus thuringiensis, photosynthetic bacteria, phosphorus bacteria and bacillus, and the ratio of viable bacteria is 2:3:1: 5.
Further, when the rice seedlings are planted in step S3, the rice seedlings are planted in a whole field by a rice transplanter, and the mechanical rice transplanting and the artificial rice seedling supplementing are performed simultaneously.
By way of further limitation, when the ducks are withdrawn in batches in the step S5, the withdrawal amount of a single batch does not exceed 30%, and the interval between adjacent batches is 3 ~ 5 d.
By further limiting, when the pesticide is applied to the rice in the rice and duck farming area, the ducks are completely removed to the duck shed for housing in the first 3 days within the pesticide application time, and the ducks are placed in the rice and duck farming area again after the pesticide is applied for 10 ~ 15 days.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, rice is planted in a rice and duck co-breeding planting and breeding combined mode, the biological characteristics of ducks can be utilized to achieve the purposes of weeding, killing insects, loosening soft soil and increasing the fertility of a rice field, the fertilizing amount to the rice field can be reduced, meanwhile, the duck manure can greatly improve soil quality, increase the disease resistance of the rice, promote the green growth of the rice and improve the yield and quality of the rice, meanwhile, the pores of the soil in the rice field can be reduced due to the rice field movement of the ducks, the biogas and hydrogen sulfide in the rice soil can be rapidly discharged, the root system of the rice can deeply prick the soil, and the better growth of the rice can be promoted; the method can not only realize the optimization of the industrial structure and the enlargement of the planting and breeding scale, but also realize the advantage complementation by utilizing the characteristics of two resources, increase the actual income of farmers, effectively reduce the environmental pollution and maintain the ecological balance.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments and examples.
In the following examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In the embodiment, a structural plot which is free of pollution in Hunan Hende, rich in water resources, flat in terrain and has a high staggered floor of 0.5m ~ 1.2.2 m at a corner position is selected as a rice-duck farming area, organic base fertilizer is applied to the rice-duck farming area and turned deeply, wherein the organic base fertilizer is prepared by taking decomposed animal manure and biogas residues as base fertilizers and comprising 25 parts by mass of decomposed animal manure and 10 parts by mass of chicken manure, and 60 parts by mass of biogas residues, 15 parts by mass of biogas slurry, 10 parts by mass of soybean meal, 10 parts by mass of peat, 4 parts by mass of plant ash, 10 parts by mass of chitooligosaccharide, 8 parts by mass of calcium carbonate, 8 parts by mass of lignin and 0.1 part by mass of microbial inoculum are added together, wherein the microbial inoculum comprises bacillus thuringiensis, photosynthetic bacteria, phosphorus bacteria and bacillus with the viable count of 1. 1.5 ~ 1.8.8/g, and meanwhile, the duck breeding duck is carried out in the duck farming area with the staggered floor position, and dry feed and duck feed are left at the corner position of the duck-farming area.
And (3) introducing water into the water channel for cultivating the field 10 days before transplanting rice seedlings, enabling the water surface to submerge the ridge surface during water introduction, supplementing the water in time after water leakage, carrying out closed weeding after the water level is relatively stable, weeding in a physical mode in the closed weeding, and cultivating the waterweeds after weeding. Planting the astragalus sinicus, the alfalfa and the water candle in the rice-duck farming area in the late 3 months of each year, and screwing the waterweeds, the astragalus sinicus, the alfalfa and the water candle into soil by using a rotary cultivator in the early May.
Selecting No. 5 Huai rice as an experimental rice seed, sunning for 32h before sowing, soaking the seed for 12h under the condition of the temperature of 37 ℃ by using urea liquid as a seed soaking liquid, then fishing out, continuously soaking the seed for 20h by using clear water, finally accelerating germination, hardening seedling and raising seedlings under the condition of the temperature of 22 ℃, taking the seedlings after raising the seedlings as raw materials in the middle ten days of May, transplanting the seedlings in the whole field by using a transplanter during transplanting, controlling the planting density to be 14cm multiplied by 30cm, influencing the movement of ducks by the over dense planting density, influencing the yield by the over sparse planting, transplanting 4 ~ 6 basic seedlings in each hole, and artificially supplementing the seedlings during the period.
Rice seedlings grow to one-to-two-leaf period, fertilizer is sprayed in the seedling period, leaf fertilizer is respectively sprayed at the bottom of July and in the early August, ducks are placed after the rice seedlings enter five-leaf period, the water depth is kept 5cm when the ducks are placed, the ducks in the duck shed are all placed in the field, the rice and duck co-breeding mode is adopted, ducks growing to 20d are placed usually, and the duck placing density is 380 duck/hm2Putting the ducks in the field in the morning and returning the ducks to the duck shed in the evening; in the duck laying process, plant crops duckweed and animal crops such as small fish, small shrimps and spiral shells are put in according to the feed intake of ducks, the duckweed is high in nutrient content, the content of nitrogen elements in soil can be effectively fixed, the use amount of nitrogen fertilizers is reduced, meanwhile, the duckweed can also effectively reduce the number of weeds, can serve as food of the ducks to replace the use of chemical fertilizers in the soil, rice is subjected to topdressing, deinsectization and weeding by utilizing the growth characteristics of the ducks in the growth process, pesticide application is reduced, chemical pollution of the crops is reduced, aquatic organisms in paddy fields also bring a large number of food sources for the ducks, the feed intake of duck breeding can be reduced, a mutually-benefited symbiotic system can be formed in the growth process of the rice, agricultural ecological cycle is promoted, and the ecology is enabled to reach a balanced state.
In order to balance and supplement the nutrition of ducks, 90 ~ 100 g/one of corn flour and concentrated feed mixed material is supplemented every other day according to the mass ratio of 3:1, after the ears of the rice are pulled from the late august to the early September, 120 g/one of corn flour and concentrated feed mixed material is fed every day instead, so that the ducks are prevented from eating the ears of the rice, the yield of the rice is prevented from being influenced, the ducks are withdrawn from the rice field according to batches, the single-batch withdrawal amount is 25 ~ 30%, the ducks are withdrawn in four batches, the adjacent batches are separated by 3d, in addition, the rice and the ducks in the rice and duck co-culture area in which the rice and the ducks are co-cultured are not generally applied with pesticides, if the diseases and insect pests are too heavy, a proper amount of pesticides can be considered, when the pesticides are applied, the ducks are completely withdrawn into the duck shed for breeding in the duck shed in the first 3 days within the pesticide application time, and the ducks are released again in the rice and duck co-culture.
Gradually draining water after the rice blooms or naturally drying the water, then adding water and draining water alternately, keeping the field moist, harvesting when the rice is fully yellow and is more than 95%, cutting off the water 8 days before harvesting, and harvesting in a dry field after water is cut off.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (7)

1. A method for planting rice by rice-duck farming is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
s1, selecting a structure land block which is pollution-free, rich in water resource, flat in terrain and 0.5m, ~ 1.2m, 1.2m and high in staggered floor at the corner position as a rice and duck co-culture area, applying organic base fertilizer and deeply ploughing in the rice and duck co-culture area, leading water to a water culture field water surface to submerge a ridge surface 8 ~ 10 days before transplanting, timely supplementing the water after seepage, carrying out closed weeding after the water level is relatively stable, and culturing waterweeds;
s2, selecting high-quality and high-yield japonica rice with strong straw, strong tillering, more ears, no lodging, full seeds and excellent rice quality, sunning the rice seeds for 30 ~ 40h before sowing, soaking the seeds for 10 ~ 15h by using a seed soaking liquid at the temperature of 35 ~ 40 ℃ for 10 8620 h, soaking the seeds for 15 ~ 20h by using clear water, and finally accelerating germination, hardening seedlings and raising seedlings at the temperature of 18 ~ 25 ℃;
s3, planting milk vetch, alfalfa and water candles in the rice and duck farming area in late 3 months of each year, screwing the waterweeds, the milk vetch, the alfalfa and the water candles into soil by using a rotary cultivator in the early May, and in the middle May, using seedlings obtained by the method of the step S2 as raw materials to complete whole-field rice transplanting, wherein the planting density of rice during rice transplanting is 14 ~ 16cm multiplied by 25 ~ 30cm, and 4 ~ 6 basic seedlings are transplanted in each hole;
s4, spraying seedling period fertilizer when rice seedlings grow to one-to-two-leaf period, spraying leaf fertilizer at the bottom of July and at the beginning of August, putting ducks in the rice seedlings after five-leaf period, keeping the water depth at 3 ~ 5cm when the ducks are put in the rice seedlings, and putting all the ducks in the duck shed into the field with the duck density of 350 ~ 400/hm2Putting the ducks in the field in the morning and returning the ducks to the duck shed in the evening, putting plant crops duckweeds and animal crops such as small fish, shrimps and snails according to the feed intake of the ducks, and supplementing 80 ~ 100 g/piece of corn flour and concentrated feed mixture according to the mass ratio of 5:1 ~ 3:1 every other day;
s5, after the ears of the rice are removed from the last ten days of August to the last ten days of September, feeding 120 ~ 150 g/duck with corn flour and concentrated feed mixture every day to prevent the duck from eating the ears of the rice, avoiding influencing the yield of the rice, and beginning to withdraw the duck from the rice field according to batches;
s6, gradually draining water after the rice is raised or naturally drying the water, adding water and draining alternately, keeping the field wet, harvesting when the rice is completely yellow and is more than 95%, cutting off water 6 ~ 8 days before harvesting, drying the field after cutting off water, and harvesting after the rice is mature.
2. The method for planting rice by rice and duck farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice seed selected in step S1 is one of Huai rice No. 5, Chun you 927, nong Xiang 18, nong Xiang 32 and Su Xiu 867.
3. The rice-duck co-cropping method for planting rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic base fertilizer comprises 20 ~ 30 parts by mass of rotten animal manure, 3 ~ 16 parts by mass of chicken manure, 56 ~ 065 parts by mass of biogas residue, 10 ~ 20 parts by mass of biogas slurry, 5 ~ 12 parts by mass of soybean meal, 5 ~ 12 parts by mass of peat, 3 ~ 5 parts by mass of plant ash, 5 ~ 15 parts by mass of chitooligosaccharide, 5 ~ 10 parts by mass of calcium carbonate, 6 ~ 10 parts by mass of lignin and 0.05 ~ 0.3.3 parts by mass of microbial inoculum.
4. The rice and duck co-cropping method for planting rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein the microbial agent comprises Bacillus thuringiensis, photosynthetic bacteria, phosphorus bacteria and bacillus, and the ratio of viable bacteria is 2:3:1: 5.
5. The method for planting rice by rice and duck co-farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the rice transplanting in step S3, whole-field rice transplanting is performed by a rice transplanter, and manual seedling supplementing is performed simultaneously with mechanical rice transplanting.
6. The method for rice-duck co-cropping planting of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the ducks are withdrawn in batches in step S5, the withdrawal amount of each batch is not more than 30%, and the interval between the adjacent batches is 3 ~ 5 d.
7. The method for planting rice by rice and duck farming as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the rice in the rice and duck farming area is applied with pesticide, the ducks are completely removed to the duck shed for housing in the first 3 days within the pesticide application time, and the ducks are released again in the rice and duck farming area after the pesticide application time is 10 ~ 15 days.
CN201911154278.3A 2019-11-22 2019-11-22 Method for planting rice by rice-duck farming Pending CN110663480A (en)

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CN112690184A (en) * 2021-01-18 2021-04-23 光泽县联农农业专业合作社 Ecological breeding method for Ctenopharyngodon idellus and ecological breeding rice field for Ctenopharyngodon idellus
CN112753408A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-07 哈尔滨奥农生物科技发展有限公司 Application and method of photosynthetic bacteria for preventing and treating rice straw returning reduced acidosis
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112189521A (en) * 2020-10-16 2021-01-08 常德职业技术学院 Ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice ducks
CN112753408A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-07 哈尔滨奥农生物科技发展有限公司 Application and method of photosynthetic bacteria for preventing and treating rice straw returning reduced acidosis
CN112690184A (en) * 2021-01-18 2021-04-23 光泽县联农农业专业合作社 Ecological breeding method for Ctenopharyngodon idellus and ecological breeding rice field for Ctenopharyngodon idellus
CN113812321A (en) * 2021-09-22 2021-12-21 黑龙江庭大农业科技有限公司 Rice and duck farming weeding and pest killing method

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Application publication date: 20200110