CN112189521A - Ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice ducks - Google Patents
Ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice ducks Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of ecological planting and breeding, and provides an ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice and ducks, which can optimize the agricultural ecological environment and improve the rice quality, and in the planting and breeding process of the rice and the ducks, the rice provides food such as pests, diseased leaves, old leaves, ineffective tillers, weeds, aquatic organisms, harvested grains and the like for the ducks. The excrement discharged by the ducks provides a high-quality fertilizer for the rice, and the using amount of the fertilizer can be reduced. The movement of the ducks can activate soil and fertilizer, so that the soil structure is improved, and the fertilizer is easy to absorb. The duck can eat diseased leaves, old leaves and ineffective tillers, promote the growth of rice and enhance the resistance of the rice. The duck can peck pests and weeds and tread to hurt the weeds, so that the using amount of pesticide and herbicide can be reduced. The duck can eat the rice left in the field, and waste is changed into valuable. The ecological efficient planting and breeding method for the rice and the ducks increases organic fertilizers, reduces the using amounts of pesticides, chemical fertilizers and herbicides, optimizes the ecological environment of the rice field, and has wide popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological planting and breeding, and particularly relates to an ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice and ducks.
Background
Ecological planting and breeding refers to a planting and breeding mode which realizes ecological balance, improves product quality and improves production benefit by utilizing a natural substance circulating system and enabling different organisms to jointly grow in the same environment through corresponding technologies and management measures in a certain planting and breeding space and area according to the symbiotic complementation principle among different cultured organisms.
The existing rice and duck ecological planting and breeding technology has some problems which cannot be ignored, firstly, the site selection is improper, the drought and waterlogging resistance of a production base is not strong, the rice and duck ecological planting and breeding technology can be used for drought when dry and flooding when rain occurs, and the serious yield reduction and income reduction are caused. Secondly, the variety is not good, the rice quality is poor, the yield is low, the disease and insect resistance and lodging resistance are poor, the stress resistance of the ducks is not strong, the quality is not good, and the eating quality is single. Thirdly, the density is large, the rice density is large, the row spacing is small, the duck is not suitable for moving, and the duck throwing density is large. Fourthly, the protection is not enough, the protection facilities of the duck shed are poor, and harmful organisms often damage the ducks. Fifthly, the duck is epidemic-prevention ineffective, the duckling is not inoculated with the vaccine in time, and the disease resistance of the duck is poor. And sixthly, extensive management, untimely feed feeding, inaccurate feeding quantity, inadequate sanitation and disinfection, untimely withdrawal of ducks in the field drying, pesticide application and drooping of rice ears, and untimely harmless treatment of dead ducks, dead birds and other dead animals, which causes epidemic disease spread and environmental pollution. The problems prevent the popularization and the application of the rice and duck ecological planting and breeding technology.
Therefore, an advanced, practical, simple and feasible rice and duck ecological planting and breeding technology needs to be researched to solve the problems, so that the aims of popularizing and applying the rice and duck ecological planting and breeding technology on a large scale, improving the production benefit, improving the product quality, optimizing the ecological environment and promoting the development of ecological cycle agriculture are fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice and ducks, and aims to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized in this way, a rice duck ecological high-efficiency planting and breeding method, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of production base
The rice field for rice and duck breeding is suitable in terrain, strong in drought resistance and waterlogging prevention, rich in water resource, excellent in water quality, and capable of controlling the pH of water to be 5.5-8.5, the mercury content to be less than or equal to 0.001mg/L, the arsenic content to be less than or equal to 0.05mg/L, the lead content to be less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, the cadmium content to be less than or equal to 0.005mg/L, water conservancy facilities are sound, and drainage and irrigation are convenient.
Secondly, the duck fields are connected in a centralized manner, the soil layer is deep, the soil is fertile and rich in organic matters, the content of the organic matters in the soil is 20-25 g/kg, the content of heavy metals is low, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, the mercury content is less than or equal to 0.30mg/kg, the arsenic content is less than or equal to 20mg/kg, the lead content is less than or equal to 50mg/kg, and the cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.30 mg/kg.
Thirdly, the production base is far away from industrial and mining enterprises, the air is fresh, and the daily average total suspended particulate matter content in the air is less than or equal to 0.30mg/m3The content of carbon dioxide is less than or equal to 0.15mg/m3The content of nitrogen dioxide is less than or equal to 0.08mg/m3The fluoride content is less than or equal to 0.007mg/m3And the environment is excellent.
(2) Selecting rice duck variety
Selecting a new rice variety with high quality, high yield, thick stems, lodging resistance and disease and insect resistance, wherein the rice variety is selected as follows: the early rice is selected from Xiangzaixian No. 45, Ling Eryou 211, Lu Eryou 996 or Zhongjiazao 17.
The medium rice is selected from Myou 5431, Myou 5455, Xiang late indica No. 13, Hui Eryou No. 6 or nongxiang 32.
The late rice is selected from Shengtaiyou 018, Taoyouxiangzhan, Taiyou 390, Longjinyou No. 1, nongxiang No. 24, Yuzhenxiang, Chuangyu No. 9 or Xiang late long-shaped No. 17.
Selecting medium and small duck improved varieties with strong vitality, strong adaptability, strong stress resistance, good quality, strong wild property, wide eating quality and coarse feeding resistance. Selecting duck varieties: selecting sheldrake, valley duck, green wild duck and the like according to breeding habits and product characteristics of various regions, and selecting meat duck or egg duck according to breeding and processing requirements.
(3) Cultivation of rice
(31) Cultivating strong seedling
The seedling raising can be carried out by water seedling raising, wet seedling raising or dry seedling raising, early sowing is carried out on early rice from 3 months to 4 months, and conventional rice is planted in a field at 75-90 kg/hm222.5-30.0 kg/hm of hybrid rice2。
The middle rice is sowed from late 4 months to middle 5 months, the first late rice is sowed from late 5 months to early 6 months, the second late rice is sowed from late 6 months, and the conventional rice of 45-60 kg/hm is planted in the field215.0-22.5 kg/hm of hybrid rice2. Early rice in seedling stage is kept warm and moist, middle and late rice is kept moist, paclobutrazol is sprayed for 1 time when 2 leaves and 1 heart, topdressing is applied for 1 time in 2.5 leaf stage, and the medicine is applied for 1 time before transplanting.
(32) Fertilizing and field-finishing
Applying decomposed farmyard manure 25-30 t/hm before field preparation2And deeply ploughing 20-25 cm after fertilizing, loosening and completely mixing soil, fully mixing soil and fertilizer, and keeping the field surface flat with the horizontal height difference of 2-3 cm.
(33) Timely transplanting
(331) Transplanting period
Determining a transplanting period according to the age of the seedlings, transplanting rice and duck symbiotic rice and duck suitable for machine transplanting and hand transplanting, transplanting within 18 days of the age of the machine-transplanted seedlings, and planting the rice and duck in a depth of about 2 cm.
Transplanting the hand-transplanted seedlings in about 30 days, wherein the planting depth is 2-3 cm.
(332) Density of transplantation
Production practices prove that the row spacing of the plants is properly increased compared with that of single rice, ducks can move freely conveniently, and damage of the ducks to rice plants is reduced.
(334) Moisture management
Shallow water transplanting is carried out, deeper water survives roots and roots, thin water tillering is carried out, 80% of basic seedlings are sunned in the field, the field is sunned to be slightly cracked until white roots run out, enough water is kept for ear-picking, dry, wet and strong seeds are produced, water cut cannot be too early, and water cut is better in 5-7 days before harvesting.
(34) Disease and pest control
Mainly takes agriculture, physical and biological control as main control and chemical control as auxiliary control, adopts measures of cultivating strong seedlings, strengthening field cultivation and management and the like, enhances the disease resistance of plants, and utilizes methods of removing ridge weeds, natural enemies of insects, sex pheromones of insects, moth-trapping and insect-killing lamps and the like to control insect pests.
When the rice finds the plant diseases and insect pests, biological or chemical pesticides are used for local control in time, the pesticide is not applied to the whole field, the ducks are withdrawn from the shed for captive breeding when the pesticide is applied, and the ducks are fed into the field after 2-3 days.
(36) Harvesting in good time
Harvesting by machine when the grains are full and more than 95% of the grains turn yellow, returning the straws to the field, avoiding burning, drying the rice by a dryer or manually drying the rice in the sun, removing weed impurities, and storing in a cool and ventilated warehouse.
(4) Duck breeding
(41) Building duck shed
A duck shed is constructed at a proper position of a production base, 10 feather ducks are fed per square meter to construct the duck shed, one duck shed is preferably constructed per hectare, the length of the duck shed is 6m and the width of the duck shed is 4m, color strip cloth or bamboo splints are laid on the ground, rice straws are covered on the duck shed, the periphery of the duck shed is enclosed by a fence made of hard plastic plates or bamboo splits with the aperture of 3-5 cm, the height of the fence is 60-80 cm, the duck shed is planted into the soil for 20-25 cm, 1 timber pile or bamboo pole is planted at intervals of 1.5m, the height is about 1.2m, 1 timber pile with the diameter of 20-30 cm and the height of 1.5m is planted in the center of the duck shed, and all the timber piles or bamboo poles are connected by 1cm thick nylon ropes.
Protective facilities are arranged around and at the top of the duck shed to prevent harmful organisms, the periphery and the top of the duck shed are surrounded by nylon nets to prevent rats, snakes, birds, weasand wolves and other harmful organisms from eating ducks secretly or influencing the normal life of the ducks, and the top of the duck shed can be covered with color stripe cloth to shade the sun and avoid rain.
(42) Excavation pool
A water pool is excavated at a position 3-5 m away from the duck shed, the size of the water pool is 2-3 times of the area of the duck shed, the water pool is 60-80 cm deep, a ridge with the width of 50cm is firmly built around the water pool, a fence made of bamboo splits can be used for surrounding the ridge, a water inlet is installed on the ridge of the water pool, a water outlet is installed at the bottom of the water pool, and the water pool is used for enabling ducks to drink water, is clean and sanitary and plays.
(43) Cleaning and sterilizing
Before breeding ducks, the inside and outside of the duck shed are cleaned and sanitary, all appliances and the inside and outside of the duck shed are sprayed with 15% -20% of lime water for disinfection, the duck pond is filled with 20% of lime water for sprinkling disinfection, the bottom of the duck pond is exposed to the sun and cracked, then clear water is filled, and people and vehicles entering the duck shed are disinfected.
(44) Duckling breeding
The method comprises the steps of preparing ducklings when rice is sowed, enabling the ducklings to be bought or automatically hatched, selecting eggs laid by vaccinated breeding ducks to hatch the ducklings, timely vaccinating the ducklings to enhance disease resistance, and inoculating duck viral hepatitis vaccines within 1-3 days after the ducklings are hatched, and respectively injecting duck plague vaccines and bird flu vaccines within 7 days or before stocking to enhance disease resistance and cultivate robust ducklings.
After the ducklings are hatched for 1 day, training drinking water to be boiled, feeding the ducklings for multiple times within 2-15 days to share the complete feed, adding a small amount of rice, feeding the rice, broken rice or broken corn for 2 times each day for 16-25 days, and meanwhile putting the ducklings into a pool for training.
When the temperature is low, the duck shed needs to be manually heated, the temperature of the duck shed is kept at 25-28 ℃, and the ducklings are prevented from dying due to piling.
Keeping the inside of the duck shed clean and sanitary all the time, and disinfecting the inside of the duck shed and tools for 1 time every 3-5 days.
After 25 days, the ducklings can be put into the rice field.
(45) Adult duck feeding
(451) Duck feeding
The method comprises the steps of enclosing the periphery of a paddy field ridge for breeding ducks before feeding ducks by using a nylon net with the aperture of 1.5cm, planting 1 stump or bamboo pole every 1.5-2.0 m, winding the net firmly on the stump or bamboo pole to prevent the ducks from escaping, feeding the ducks after an escape-proof facility is built, wherein the feeding method comprises the steps of starting feeding the ducks after the roots of the rice are transplanted and living, and feeding 450-500 ducklings per hectare to form 225-270 ducks.
(452) Feeding fodder
And (2) properly putting some duckweeds into the rice field at the early stage for the ducks to eat, respectively feeding rice bran, broken rice, paddy or broken corn for 1 time in the duck shed in the morning and evening every day, correspondingly increasing the feeding amount of the ducks at the middle and later stages along with the increase of the ducks, feeding 50-75 g of paddy, corn, wheat or processed feed into the duck shed every day for each duck, and continuously feeding the laying ducks until the meat ducks are fed into the market.
Sterilizing the duck shed with 20% lime water every 5 days for 1 time, frequently replacing the straw, and timely removing duck manure from the fertilizer field outside the shed.
(3) Frequent patrols
The duck is found to be diseased and isolated in time, and is controlled by using the pesticide, the damage of the duck shed and the field purse net is found to be repaired in time, the dead ducks, dead birds and other dead animals in the field are found to be transported out of the field in time, and the harmless treatment is carried out.
The harmless treatment method is to treat dead ducks, dead birds and other dead animals by physical and chemical methods, to eliminate pathogens carried by the dead ducks, the dead birds and other dead animals, to eliminate harm and to prevent epidemic diseases from spreading.
(4) Moisture management
The depth of the water layer in the field is kept to be 5-10 cm, so that ducks can move and take food conveniently, the ducks are retracted into the shed to be cultivated for 5-7 days in the field drying period, and the ducks are placed into the pool to move freely every day.
(5) Collecting and releasing duck
When the ear of rice droops, in order to prevent that the duck from eating the corn on the ear of rice, withdraw all ducks in the canopy in the field, meat duck and drake go on the market, and the laying duck continues to be captive, and the rice is reaped the back, puts into the field to eat the corn and omit other food with the duck.
According to the ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice and ducks, rich food is provided for ducks by rice, high-quality fertilizer is provided for rice by duck manure, and meanwhile, the fertilizer and pesticide are reduced, so that the quality of rice and duck eggs can be obviously improved compared with that of single rice, the production benefit is increased, the agricultural ecological environment is optimized, the rice and duck symbiotic mutual utilization, one-water dual-purpose, one-field dual-purpose harvesting and planting and breeding industries are organically combined, and the ecological agriculture cycle development is promoted.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice and ducks, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of production base
The rice field for rice and duck breeding is suitable in terrain, strong in drought resistance and waterlogging prevention, rich in water resource, excellent in water quality, and capable of controlling the pH of water to be 5.5-8.5, the mercury content to be less than or equal to 0.001mg/L, the arsenic content to be less than or equal to 0.05mg/L, the lead content to be less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, the cadmium content to be less than or equal to 0.005mg/L, water conservancy facilities are sound, and drainage and irrigation are convenient.
Secondly, the duck fields are connected in a centralized manner, the soil layer is deep, the soil is fertile and rich in organic matters, the content of the organic matters in the soil is 20-25 g/kg, the content of heavy metals is low, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-7.5, the mercury content is less than or equal to 0.30mg/kg, the arsenic content is less than or equal to 20mg/kg, the lead content is less than or equal to 50mg/kg, and the cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.30 mg/kg.
Thirdly, the production base is far away from industrial and mining enterprises, the air is fresh, and the daily average total suspended particulate matter content in the air is less than or equal to 0.30mg/m3The content of carbon dioxide is less than or equal to 0.15mg/m3The content of nitrogen dioxide is less than or equal to 0.08mg/m3The fluoride content is less than or equal to 0.007mg/m3And the environment is excellent.
(2) Selecting rice duck variety
Selecting rice varieties with excellent quality, high yield, thick stalks, lodging resistance and disease and insect resistance, wherein the rice variety selection comprises the following steps: selecting Xiangzaixiao No. 45 as early rice.
Medium rice selection megaly 5431.
Selecting Shengtaiyou 018 as late rice.
Selecting sheldrake with strong vitality, strong adaptability, strong stress resistance, good quality, strong wild property, wide feeding range and coarse feeding tolerance.
(3) Cultivation of rice
(31) Cultivating strong seedling
The seedling can be raised by water, the early rice is sowed from 3 late months to 4 early months, and the conventional rice 90kg/hm is planted in the field230.0kg/hm of hybrid rice2。
The middle rice is sowed from late 4 months to middle 5 months, the first late rice is sowed from late 5 months to early 6 months, the second late rice is sowed from late 6 months, and the conventional rice is sowed in the field at 60kg/hm2Hybrid rice 22.5kg/hm2. Early rice in seedling stage is kept warm and moist, middle and late rice is kept moist, paclobutrazol is sprayed for 1 time when 2 leaves and 1 heart, topdressing is applied for 1 time in 2.5 leaf stage, and the medicine is applied for 1 time before transplanting.
(32) Fertilizing and field-finishing
Applying decomposed farmyard manure 30t/hm before field preparation2After fertilization, the soil is ploughed deeply by 25cm, the soil is ploughed firmly and completely, the soil and the fertilizer are mixed fully, the field surface is kept flat, and the horizontal height difference is 3 cm.
(33) Timely transplanting
(331) Transplanting period
Determining the transplanting period according to the seedling age, transplanting rice and duck symbiotic rice and duck suitable for machine transplanting and hand transplanting, transplanting within 18 days of the age of the machine transplanted rice and duck, and planting the rice and duck deeply to 2 cm.
Transplanting the hand-transplanted seedlings in 30 days and planting the seedlings to 3cm deep.
(332) Density of transplantation
The row spacing of early rice plants is 27cm multiplied by 17cm, the row spacing of middle rice and one-season late rice plants is 29cm multiplied by 19cm, and the row spacing of late rice plants is 28cm multiplied by 18 cm.
(334) Moisture management
Transplanting in shallow water, deep-water stump survival, thin-water tillering, sun-drying the field when the basic seedlings reach 80%, sun-drying until the field surface is slightly cracked and white roots run out, keeping enough water for ear-heading, dry, wet and strong seeds, and cutting off water 7 days before harvesting.
(34) Disease and pest control
The method for cultivating strong seedlings, removing ridge weeds, natural enemies of insects, sex pheromones of insects and moth-luring insecticidal lamp is used for preventing and controlling insect pests.
When the rice finds the plant diseases and insect pests, chemical pesticide is timely used for local control, the pesticide is not applied to the field completely, the ducks are retracted to be raised in the shed for captive breeding when the pesticide is applied, and the ducks are fed into the field after 3 days.
(36) Harvesting in good time
Harvesting by machine when the grains are full and more than 95% of the grains turn yellow, returning the straws to the field, avoiding burning, drying the rice by a dryer, removing weed impurities, and storing in a cool and ventilated warehouse.
(4) Duck breeding
(41) Building duck shed
A duck shed is constructed in a production base, 10 feather ducks are fed per square meter to build the duck shed, one duck shed is built per hectare, the length of the duck shed is 6m and the width of the duck shed is 4m, color strip cloth is laid on the ground, rice straws are covered on the duck shed, the periphery of the duck shed is enclosed by hard plastic plates with the aperture of 5cm, the height of the duck shed is 80cm, the duck shed is planted in the soil by 25cm, 1 wooden pile or bamboo pole is planted every 1.5m, the height of the duck shed is 1.2m, 1 wooden pile with the diameter of 30cm and the height of 1.5m is planted in the center of the duck shed, and all the wooden piles or bamboo poles are connected by 1cm thick nylon ropes.
Protective facilities are arranged around the duck shed and at the top of the duck shed, the duck shed is surrounded by nylon nets at the periphery and the top of the duck shed, and the top of the duck shed is covered with color strip cloth on the nylon nets.
(42) Excavation pool
A water pool is excavated at a position 5m away from the duck shed, the size of the water pool is 3 times of the area of the duck shed, the water pool is 80cm deep, soil ridges with the width of 50cm are built around the water pool, fences woven by bamboo splits are used around the soil ridges to enclose the soil ridges, water inlets are arranged on the soil ridges of the water pool, and water outlets are arranged at the bottom of the water pool.
(43) Cleaning and sterilizing
Spraying and disinfecting all appliances and 20% lime water inside and outside the duck shed before duck breeding, sprinkling and disinfecting the dry water in the duck pond by using 20% lime water in the whole duck pond, solarizing and cracking the bottom of the duck pond, filling clear water into the duck shed, and disinfecting people and vehicles entering the duck shed.
(44) Duckling breeding
The method comprises the steps of preparing ducklings when rice is sowed, selecting eggs laid by vaccinated breeding ducks to hatch the ducklings, and timely vaccinating the ducklings, wherein the method for preventing and controlling epidemic diseases comprises the steps of vaccinating the ducklings after hatching for 1 day and respectively injecting duck plague vaccines and avian influenza vaccines within 7 days.
After the ducklings are hatched for 1 day, training drinking water to be boiled, feeding the ducklings for multiple times within 2-15 days to share the complete feed, adding a small amount of rice, feeding the rice, broken rice or broken corn for 2 times each day for 16-25 days, and meanwhile putting the ducklings into a pool for training.
And (3) manually heating at a low temperature, keeping the temperature of the duck shed at 25-28 ℃, and preventing the ducklings from dying due to piling.
The duck shed is kept clean and sanitary all the time, and the inside of the duck shed and tools are sterilized 1 time every 3 days. After 25 days, the ducklings are put into the rice field.
(45) Adult duck feeding
(451) Duck feeding
The periphery of a paddy field ridge for breeding ducks before feeding ducks is surrounded by a nylon net with the aperture of 1.5cm, the height of the nylon net is 80cm, 1 timber pile or bamboo pole is planted every 2.0m, the net is tightly wound on the timber pile or the bamboo pole, the ducks are fed after the building, the feeding method is that the ducks are fed after the roots of the rice are transplanted and live, 500 ducklings are fed in each hectare, and 270 ducklings are formed.
(452) Feeding fodder
And (2) properly putting some duckweeds into the rice field at the early stage for the ducks to eat, respectively feeding rice bran, broken rice, paddy or broken corn for 1 time in the duck shed in the morning and evening every day, feeding 75g of paddy, corn and wheat into the duck shed every day at the middle and later stages, feeding meat ducks until the meat ducks are on the market, and continuously feeding egg-laying ducks.
Sterilizing the duck shed with 20% lime water every 5 days for 1 time, frequently replacing the straw, and timely removing duck manure from the fertilizer field outside the shed.
(3) Frequent patrols
The duck is found to be diseased and isolated in time, and is controlled by using the pesticide, the damage of the duck shed and the field purse net is found to be repaired in time, the dead ducks, dead birds and other dead animals in the field are found to be transported out of the field in time, and the harmless treatment is carried out.
(4) Moisture management
Keeping the depth of the water layer in the field to be 10cm, taking the ducks back to the shed to be raised for 7 days in the field drying period, and putting the ducks into the pool every day to allow the ducks to move freely.
(5) Collecting and releasing duck
When the rice ears droop, all ducks in the field are retracted into the shed, meat ducks and drakes are on the market, laying ducks continue to be captive, after rice is harvested, the ducks are placed in the field to peck and miss grains and other foods.
The ecological efficient planting and breeding method for the rice and the ducks, provided by the embodiment of the invention, is improved aiming at the prior art, and can optimize the agricultural ecological environment, improve the rice quality and improve the economic benefit. In the process of planting rice and ducks, rice provides food such as activity places, pests (including adults, larvae, nymphs, ova and the like), diseased leaves, old leaves, ineffective tillers, weeds, aquatic organisms, harvested grains and the like for ducks. The excrement discharged by the ducks provides a high-quality fertilizer for the rice, and the using amount of the fertilizer can be reduced. The movement of the ducks can activate soil and fertilizer, so that the soil structure is improved, and the fertilizer is easy to absorb. The duck can eat diseased leaves, old leaves and ineffective tillers, promote the growth of rice and enhance the resistance of the rice. The duck can peck pests and weeds and tread to hurt the weeds, so that the using amount of pesticide and herbicide can be reduced. The duck can eat the rice left in the field, and waste is changed into valuable. The implementation of the rice and duck breeding technology increases organic fertilizers, reduces the using amount of pesticides, chemical fertilizers and herbicides, and optimizes the ecological environment of the rice field. The ecological and efficient planting and breeding method for the rice ducks enables the rice ducks to complement each other in advantages, realizes the organic combination of one-water dual-purpose, one-field dual-purpose and planting and breeding, and has wide popularization and application prospects.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice and ducks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a production base, wherein the production base comprises a rice field and a duck field, and selecting the rice field which is drought-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, rich in water resource, excellent in water quality, sound in water conservancy facilities and convenient to drain and irrigate; selecting a concentrated duck field with continuous sheets, deep soil layer, fertile soil, rich organic matters and low cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic contents; the production base is far away from industrial and mining enterprises, and the air is fresh;
(2) selecting a rice duck variety, and selecting a rice variety with high quality, high yield, thick stem, lodging resistance and disease and insect resistance; selecting small or medium-sized duck varieties with strong vitality, strong adaptability, strong stress resistance, high quality, strong wildness, wide feeding range and coarse feeding tolerance;
(3) and (3) rice cultivation:
(31) cultivating strong seedlings by adopting water seedling raising, wet seedling raising or dry seedling raising, sowing early rice in the early 3 th to 4 months, and planting conventional rice in the field at 75-90 kg/hm222.5-30.0 kg/hm of hybrid rice2(ii) a The middle rice is sowed from late 4 months to middle 5 months, the first late rice is sowed from late 5 months to early 6 months, the second late rice is sowed from middle 6 months to late 6 months, and the conventional rice of 45-60 kg/hm is planted in the field215.0-22.5 kg/hm of hybrid rice2(ii) a Early rice in seedling stage is kept warm and moist, middle and late rice is kept moist, paclobutrazol is sprayed for 1 time when 2 leaves and 1 heart, topdressing is applied for 1 time in 2.5 leaf stage, and the medicine is applied for 1 time before transplanting;
(32) fertilizing and field-finishing, wherein decomposed farmyard manure is applied for 25-30 t/hm before field-finishing2Deeply ploughing for 20-25 cm after fertilizing, loosening and completely mixing soil and fertilizer, keeping the field surface flat and keeping the horizontal height difference of 2-3 cm;
(33) timely transplanting, (331) in a transplanting period, transplanting rice and ducks in symbiosis by adopting machine transplanting or hand transplanting, transplanting rice and ducks in the machine transplanting period within 18 days, and planting the rice and ducks deeply by 2 cm; transplanting the hand-transplanted seedlings in 30 days, wherein the planting depth is 2-3 cm; (332) transplanting density, wherein the row spacing of early rice plants is 27cm multiplied by 17cm, the row spacing of middle rice and one-season late rice plants is 29cm multiplied by 19cm, and the row spacing of late rice plants is 28cm multiplied by 18 cm;
(34) performing water management, namely performing shallow water transplanting, deep water stump survival and thin water tillering, drying the field when 80% of basic seedlings are planted, sun-drying until the field surface is slightly cracked and white roots run off, keeping sufficient water for heading, and cutting off water 5-7 days before harvesting;
(35) controlling diseases and pests by removing ridge weeds, natural enemies of insects, sex pheromones of the insects and a moth-luring insecticidal lamp;
(36) harvesting at proper time, mechanically harvesting when the grains are full and more than 95% of the grains turn yellow, returning the straws to the field without burning, drying the rice by a dryer or manually drying the rice in the sun, removing weed impurities, and storing the rice in a cool and ventilated warehouse;
(4) duck breeding:
(41) building a duck shed, building the duck shed by feeding 10 feather ducks per square meter, building a duck shed per hectare, wherein the length of the duck shed is 6m and the width of the duck shed is 4m, color strip cloth or bamboo splints are laid on the ground, rice straws cover the duck shed, the periphery of the duck shed is surrounded by a fence woven by hard plastic plates or bamboo splits with the aperture of 3-5 cm, the height of the duck shed is 60-80 cm, the duck shed is planted in the soil for 20-25 cm, 1 timber pile or bamboo pole is planted every 1.5m, the height of the duck shed is 1.2m, 1 timber pile with the diameter of 20-30 cm and the height of 1.5m is planted in the center of the duck shed, all the timber piles or the bamboo poles are connected by nylon ropes with the diameter of 1cm, and protective facilities are installed around and at the top of the;
(42) excavating a water pool, excavating a water pool 3-5 m away from the duck shed, wherein the size of the water pool is 2-3 times of the area of the duck shed, the depth of the water pool is 60-80 cm, soil ridges with the width of 50cm are built around the water pool, the peripheries of the soil ridges are surrounded by fences woven by bamboo strips, water inlets are arranged on the soil ridges of the water pool, and water outlets are arranged at the bottoms of the soil ridges of the water pool;
(43) cleaning and disinfecting, namely spraying 15-20% of lime water on all appliances and the inside and outside of the duck shed for disinfection before duck breeding, spraying 20% of lime water on the duck pool for disinfection after dry water in the duck pool is sprayed, and filling clear water after the bottom of the duck pool is exposed and cracked, and disinfecting people and vehicles entering the duck shed;
(44) feeding ducklings, namely preparing the ducklings when rice is sowed, selecting eggs laid by vaccinated breeding ducks to hatch the ducklings, timely vaccinating the ducklings when the ducklings hatch out, training drinking water to boil after the ducklings hatch out for 1 day, feeding the ducklings for a plurality of times within 2-15 days to share full-value feed and adding a small amount of rice, feeding the rice, broken rice or broken corn for 2 times each day within 16-25 days, putting the ducks into a pool for training, keeping the temperature of the duck shed at 25-28 ℃, constantly keeping the inside of the duck shed clean and sanitary, sterilizing the inside of the duck shed and tools for 1 time within 3-5 days, and putting the ducklings into a rice field after 25 days;
(45) feeding adult ducks, (451) putting the ducks, surrounding the periphery of a paddy field ridge for feeding the ducks before feeding the ducks with a nylon net with the aperture of 1.5cm, wherein the height of the nylon net is 60-80 cm, planting 1 stake or bamboo pole every 1.5-2.0 m, and tightly winding the nylon net on the stake or the bamboo pole; (452) feeding the feed, properly putting some duckweeds into the rice field at the early stage for the ducks to eat, respectively feeding rice bran, broken rice, paddy or broken corn for 1 time in the duck shed in the morning and evening every day, correspondingly increasing the feeding amount along with the increase of the ducks at the middle and later stages, feeding 50-75 g of paddy, corn, wheat or processed feed into the duck shed for each duck every day, feeding meat ducks until the meat ducks come into the market, continuously feeding laying ducks, disinfecting the duck shed for 1 time by using 20% of lime water every 5 days, frequently replacing straws, and timely cleaning duck manure out of the fertile field outside the duck shed;
(453) frequently patrolling, timely isolating the duck with disease, preventing and treating the duck with the pesticide, timely repairing the damaged duck shed and field purse nets, timely transporting dead ducks, dead birds and other dead animals out of the field, and performing harmless treatment; (454) managing water, keeping the depth of a field water layer to be 5-10 cm, taking the ducks back to the shed to be cultivated for 5-7 days in the field drying period, and putting the ducks into the pool every day to allow the ducks to move freely; (455) the duck is put in and put away, when the rice ears droop, all ducks in the field are retracted into the shed, meat ducks and drakes are on the market, laying ducks continue to be captive, after rice is harvested, the ducks are put into the field to peck and miss grains and other foods.
2. The ecological efficient rice and duck breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the pH of the water in the rice field is 5.5-8.5, the mercury content is less than or equal to 0.001mg/L, the arsenic content is less than or equal to 0.05mg/L, the lead content is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L;
the content of organic matters in the soil of the duck field is 20-25 g/kg, the pH of the soil is 6.5-7.5, the content of mercury is less than or equal to 0.30mg/kg, the content of arsenic is less than or equal to 20mg/kg, the content of lead is less than or equal to 50mg/kg, and the content of cadmium is less than or equal to 0.30 mg/kg;
the daily average suspended particulate matter content in the air of the production base is selected to be less than or equal to 0.30mg/m3The content of carbon dioxide is less than or equal to 0.15mg/m3The content of nitrogen dioxide is less than or equal to 0.08mg/m3The fluoride content is less than or equal to 0.007mg/m3。
3. The ecological and efficient planting and breeding method for rice and ducks as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the rice varieties are: the early rice is selected from Xiangzaixian No. 45, Ling Shuangyou 211, Lu Shuangyou 996 or Zhongjiazao No. 17, the middle rice is selected from Mzhao No. 5431, Mzhao No. 5455, Xiang late Long No. 13, Hui Shuangyou No. 6 or nongxiang No. 32, and the late rice is selected from Shengtaiyou 018, Taoyouzhan, Taiyou 390, Longjinyou No. 1, nongxiang No. 24, Yuzhenxiang, Chuangyu No. 9 or Xiang late Long No. 17;
the duck variety is as follows: selecting sheldrake, valley duck or green wild duck according to breeding habits and product characteristics of various regions, and selecting meat duck or egg duck according to breeding and processing requirements.
4. The ecological efficient planting and breeding method for rice and ducks as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (35), when the rice finds the disease and insect pest, biological or chemical pesticides are used for local control in time, and when the pesticide is used, the ducks are recovered in the shed for captive breeding and are planted in the field 2-3 days later.
5. The ecological and efficient planting and breeding method for rice and ducks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (41) further comprises: the periphery and the top of the duck shed are surrounded by nylon nets, and the nylon nets at the top of the duck shed are covered with color strip cloth.
6. The ecological efficient rice duck breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (44), the ducklings are inoculated with duck viral hepatitis vaccines within 1-3 days of hatching, and duck plague vaccines and avian influenza vaccines are respectively injected within 7 days or before stocking.
7. The ecological efficient rice and duck breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (451), ducks are thrown at the beginning after transplanting the roots of the rice, 450-500 ducklings are thrown per hectare, and 225-270 adult ducks are thrown.
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