CN110892852A - Three-dimensional rice and duck co-breeding ecological system - Google Patents
Three-dimensional rice and duck co-breeding ecological system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional rice and duck co-breeding ecological system, which comprises an agricultural paddy field population and a domestic duck population, wherein the domestic duck population and the agricultural paddy field population are subjected to mixed breeding, varieties are respectively selected, duck placing time and density of the domestic duck population are controlled, breeding management of the domestic duck population is carried out, and rice cultivation management in the agricultural paddy field population is carried out; the compound ecological system combines natural ecology and human intervention, which is mainly characterized by using the symbiotic principle of rice and ducks as a center and using rice planting and domestic duck wild cultivation, achieves the purposes of reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizers, applying less or no pesticides, developing green rice, and realizing sustainable cultivation of rice fields and improving the quality and economic benefit of agricultural products by weeding, eating and fertilizing the ducks and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice and duck co-breeding, in particular to a three-dimensional rice and duck co-breeding ecological system.
Background
At present, the following problems exist in the ecological breeding of meat ducks in China:
1. antibiotics are abused and heavy metals exceed the standard:
china is a large country for producing and using antibiotics, and a large part of the China is used for livestock and poultry cultivation. More than 20 million tons of antibiotic raw materials are produced in China every year, and about more than 10 million tons of antibiotics are used in animal husbandry and account for about 50% of the annual antibiotic consumption. Meanwhile, the Cu and Zn contents in the livestock and poultry manure generally exceed the standard.
2. Ducks have multiple disease types and high incidence rate of mixed infection:
the number of contagious diseases in the farm is large, the number of stress diseases is increased, the diseases are not typical, and the number of mixed infection and secondary infection cases is increased day by day. Common duck diseases include colibacillosis, duck influenza and duck plague.
In order to solve the problems, ecological breeding is developed, the breeding mode is changed, a good production environment is created, the production performance and the product quality of the meat ducks are improved, and the pollution to the environment is reduced. The development of ecological breeding comprises forest breeding, under-fruit breeding, online breeding, duck-marsh-vegetable, fish-duck, duck-marsh-fish, rice-duck and other ecological breeding technologies.
The rice and duck co-breeding technology is a compound breeding technology combining the paddy field rice breeding as the basis and the domestic duck wild breeding. The technology has the advantages of low investment, low risk, labor saving, cost saving and high efficiency, and is a sustainable rice cultivation mode for realizing high quality and high yield of rice, protecting the environment and maintaining ecological balance. The technology has wide application prospect and is an effective way for realizing agricultural efficiency increase and farmer income increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional rice and duck co-cultivation ecological system, which utilizes the symbiotic principle of rice and ducks, takes the rice planting as the center and the wild cultivation of domestic ducks as a characteristic natural ecological and human intervention combined composite ecological system, achieves the purposes of reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizer, applying less or no pesticide, and simultaneously ensuring fresh and tender duck meat and good quality through the effects of weeding, eating and fertilizing ducks, and the like of the ducks so as to realize the sustainable cultivation of rice fields and improve the quality and economic benefit of agricultural products, and solves the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a three-dimensional rice duck is educated ecosystem altogether, includes agricultural paddy field thing population and family duck thing population, carries out mixed culture with family duck thing population and agricultural paddy field thing population, specifically includes:
(1) and variety selection: the rice variety in the agricultural rice field population is Nanjing 5055 or Nanjing 46; the duck variety in the domestic duck population is the Ma duck in the nest lake;
(2) and duck releasing time and density of domestic duck population: putting ducks in 30 days in 6 months every year, and putting the duck seedlings according to the standard of 16 ducks per mu;
(3) and domestic duck breeding management: comprises feeding materials and preventing diseases and expelling parasites; wherein the feeding is specifically as follows: supplementary feed for 15-25-day-old ducklings, wherein 50g of supplementary feed is fed for each ducklings every day; feeding mixed feed or wheat after 25 days of age, wherein each feed is fed with 50-70g of feed every day, the feed is fed twice in the morning and at night every day, the feed is 1/3 of daily feed amount, and the feed is 2/3; 15 days before the meat ducks are taken out of the field, 130g of supplementary materials are fed to each meat duck every day, and whistle is blown to establish conditioned reflex during supplementary materials; the disease prevention and insect expelling method specifically comprises the following steps: injecting a vaccine for preventing duck plague before the duck vaccine is put into the field, inoculating the vaccine for preventing duck plague with 25-30 days old vaccine for preventing fowl cholera, and expelling parasites once at about 50 days old;
(4) and the rice cultivation in the agricultural rice field population comprises the following steps: seedling raising and transplanting, fertilizer and water management and pest control; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: seedling raising and transplanting: adopting a wet seedling raising mode, sowing for 5 months and 12 days, transplanting for 6 months and 18-22 days, wherein the seedling age is 36-40 days, the previous stubble of the rice is the safflower, and ploughing for 4 months and 20 days; and (3) fertilizer and water management: applying 1500 kg of decomposed sheep manure per mu without additional fertilizer, keeping a 3-5 cm shallow water layer in the field, timely baking the field, moistening and irrigating in a grouting period, drying, wetting and cutting off water 7 days before harvesting; and (3) pest control: on one hand, the ducks are used for predation, chemical pesticides are not applied, on the other hand, for pests with strong phototaxis, 1 moth-luring solar insect-killing lamp is arranged in each 30-50 mu of rice field, and the lured insects are fed to the ducks every day; the matched sex attractant and the insect attracting plate can attract and kill the pests;
(5) and when the rice in the agricultural rice field population is aligned with the ears, the ducks are expelled from the field, the rice is ripe in the last 10 months, and the rice is harvested, aired and sold in due time.
Furthermore, in the seedling raising and transplanting process of rice cultivation, artificial transplanting is adopted, the row spacing is controlled to be about 25 centimeters multiplied by 20 centimeters, and 2-3 basic seedlings are planted in each hole.
Furthermore, the method also comprises the step of establishing a breeding shed for the domestic duck population near the agricultural rice field population, wherein the breeding shed is of a cement column support structure, plastic paper is hung around the breeding shed, the breeding shed is convenient to preserve heat at night, formalin, potassium permanganate and clean water are used for fumigation, and appliances are sterilized by 2% sodium hydroxide solution and are cleaned by clean water.
Furthermore, fishery populations can be cultured among the agricultural rice field species populations in a mixed mode, and fish fries in the fishery populations are thrown in 5 months and 30 days each year and are one month earlier than the duck fries.
Furthermore, in the domestic duck breeding management, 5g of terramycin calcium powder is added into one hundred kilograms of feed, the medicine is continuously taken for 3-4 days, the medicine is stopped for 4-5 days, the medicine is intermittently taken, and 50-70PPM enrofloxacin is added into the drinking water 3 days before the ducklings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a three-dimensional rice and duck co-breeding ecological system, which mainly utilizes the symbiotic principle of rice and ducks, is a compound ecological system combining natural ecology and human intervention and is characterized in that rice planting is taken as the center and domestic ducks are cultivated in the field, and achieves the purposes of reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizers, applying less or no pesticides, ensuring fresh and tender duck meat and good quality through the effects of weeding, eating insects, applying fertilizers and the like of the ducks, so as to realize sustainable cultivation of rice fields and improve the quality and economic benefit of agricultural products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention: the utility model provides a three-dimensional rice duck is educated ecosystem altogether, including agricultural paddy field thing population and family duck thing population, carry out mixed culture with family duck thing population and agricultural paddy field thing population, specifically include:
(1) and variety selection: the rice variety in the agricultural rice field population is Nanjing 5055 or Nanjing 46, and the rice is excellent in quality, moderate in plant height, thick and strong in stem, moderate in plant type distribution, lodging-resistant and strong in disease resistance; the duck variety in the domestic duck population is the Donghu sheldrake, and has the advantages of strong vitality and stress resistance, wide adaptability, deep and long claws, strong foraging capability and medium body type;
(2) and duck releasing time and density of domestic duck population: laying ducks in 30 days in 6 months every year, wherein rice is alive at the moment, is the first peak period of weed germination, is large in quantity, early in occurrence and heavy in harm, is the key point of prevention and control, is the optimal time for laying ducks, is favored by ducks by various weeds in the duckweed family, the duckweed family and the like, can kill other weeds by plugging pores of the weeds with mud through trampling, digging and muddy water, and puts duck seedlings according to the standard of 16 weeds per mu;
(3) and domestic duck breeding management: comprises feeding materials and preventing diseases and expelling parasites; wherein the feeding is specifically as follows: supplementary feed for 15-25-day-old ducklings, wherein 50g of supplementary feed is fed for each ducklings every day; feeding mixed feed or wheat after 25 days of age, wherein each feed is fed with 50-70g of feed every day, the feed is fed twice in the morning and at night every day, the feed is 1/3 of daily feed amount, and the feed is 2/3; 15 days before the meat ducks are taken out of the field, 130g of supplementary materials are fed to each meat duck every day, and whistle is blown to establish conditioned reflex during supplementary materials; the disease prevention and insect expelling method specifically comprises the following steps: injecting a vaccine for preventing duck plague before the duck vaccine is put into the field, inoculating the vaccine for preventing duck plague with 25-30 days old vaccine for preventing fowl cholera, and expelling parasites once at about 50 days old; meanwhile, the natural enemies of weasels, snakes, rats and the like are prevented, the duck group is recovered to a duck shed before rainstorm, and the number of ducks is checked by patrolling every day;
(4) and the rice cultivation in the agricultural rice field population comprises the following steps: seedling raising and transplanting, fertilizer and water management and pest control; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: seedling raising and transplanting: adopting a wet seedling raising mode, sowing for 5 months and 12 days, transplanting for 6 months and 18-22 days, wherein the seedling age is 36-40 days, the previous stubble of the rice is the safflower, and ploughing for 4 months and 20 days; and (3) fertilizer and water management: applying 1500 kg of decomposed sheep manure per mu without additional fertilizer, keeping a 3-5 cm shallow water layer in the field to facilitate movement of the ducks, timely baking the field, wetting and irrigating in a grouting period, drying and wetting, and cutting off water 7 days before harvesting; and (3) pest control: on one hand, the ducks are used for predation, chemical pesticides are not applied, on the other hand, for pests with strong phototaxis such as borers, 1 moth-luring solar insect-killing lamp is arranged in each 30-50 mu of rice field, and the lured insects are fed to the ducks every day; the matched sex attractant mainly traps and kills chilo suppressalis and rice leaf roller; the matched trap plate is mainly used for trapping and killing pests such as rice thrips, rice aphids and the like;
(5) and when the rice in the agricultural rice field population is aligned, the ducks are expelled from the field, otherwise, the ducks eat a large amount of rice ears to reduce the yield, and the rice is ripe in the last 10 th month days, harvested, aired and sold at proper time.
In the embodiment, the manual transplanting is adopted in the seedling raising and transplanting process of rice cultivation, the row spacing is controlled to be about 25 cm multiplied by 20 cm, and 2-3 basic seedlings are planted in each hole.
In the embodiment, the method further comprises the step of establishing a breeding shed for the domestic duck population near the agricultural rice field population, wherein the breeding shed is of a cement column support structure, plastic paper is hung around the breeding shed, heat preservation is facilitated at night, formalin, potassium permanganate and clean water are used for fumigation, and appliances are sterilized by 2% sodium hydroxide solution and are cleaned by clean water.
In the embodiment, fishery populations can be mixedly cultured among the agricultural paddy field population, fish fries in the fishery populations are thrown in 5 months and 30 days of each year, and the throwing time is one month earlier than that of duck fries, so that a set of three-dimensional ecological system can be better built, and biological resources can be recycled.
In the embodiment, in the domestic duck breeding management, 5g of terramycin calcium powder is added into one hundred kilograms of feed, the medicine is continuously taken for 3-4 days, the medicine is stopped for 4-5 days, the medicine is intermittently taken, and 50-70PPM enrofloxacin is added into the drinking water 3 days before ducklings.
Example 2:
taking an ecological farmland in a certain southern area as an example to carry out a rice and duck polyculture experiment:
(1) the rice is selected from a Nanjing 5055 variety which is medium in plant height, moderate in plant type collection and distribution, thick in stem and leaf, strong in tillering force and good in stress resistance; the duck is selected from the nest lake sheldrake which is small in size (the weight of each adult duck is about 1.5kg), flexible in movement when passing through rice, wide in adaptability and strong in stress resistance.
(2) And rice and duck farming time: after the rice seedlings are planted for 12d and the seedlings are thrown for 15d, the ducks are suitable to enter the rice field; after the ducks are incubated for 20-25 days, the ducks with the weight of about 150g can be placed in the rice field after having certain independent living ability.
(3) And the duck stocking density: according to the bait in rice field and the economic benefit of duck raising, every 667m2Preferably, about 10 ducks are placed, and about 50 ducks are preferably placed in each group.
(4) And rice cultivation management: five unified cultivation management measures are adopted, namely unified variety, unified seedling raising, unified sowing period, unified field fertilizer and water management and unified comprehensive pest control; sowing and transplanting time: the early rice in the test area is uniformly arranged to be sown in 3 months and 8 days, and plastic trays are adopted for raising seedlings, wherein each 667m of the early rice is2The seed consumption is 1.50kg, the seed is thrown and inserted in 28-30 days in 3 months, and each 667m21.62-1.66 million seedlings are inserted; the late rice is uniformly arranged to be sown in 7 months and 10 days, and a plastic tray is adopted to raise the rice seedlings, wherein each 667m of the late rice is2The seed consumption is 1.25kg, and the transplanting is carried out 26-28 days in 7 months, and each 667m21.39-1.41 million seedlings are inserted; fertilizing tube: in a rice and duck farming test area, chemical fertilizers are not applied in principle, and through winter planting of astragalus sinicus, the organic matter content is increased, and the soil fertility is improved; each 667m2Applying 500kg of decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, and applying additional fertilizer mainly containing duck manure; after seedling throwing by a water pipe: keeping shallow water, keeping the water depth of 5cm after the ducks are placed in the rice field, facilitating the 'intertillage' of the ducks in muddy water in the field and promoting the yield increase of rice; in order to be beneficial to muddy water, the principle that the duck is shallow in small water and the duck is deep in large water is required to be mastered in the water layer management of the rice field, during the field baking period, the ducks can still be in the field, but the water in the ditches and ponds near the duck shed is kept; disease and pest control: in the rice-duck farming test area, chemical pesticides, synthetic pesticides, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are not used in the whole production process, the herbivory of ducks is utilized to feed weeds and pests in a rice field, the ducks have good control effects on rice planthoppers, rice leafhoppers and rice weevils, the control effects on rice leaf rollers and stem borers before the rice is subjected to jointing are also obvious, and the frequency vibration type pest killing lamps and yellow boards can be used for trapping and killing the pests or using plant-source and biological-source pesticides for prevention and control under the condition of extremely large pest quantity.
(5) Feeding of ducksThe management technology comprises the following steps: during the barn feeding period of 1-15 days old ducklings, cooked rice is taken as the main, and 3.0g of ducklings feed is added every day; the duck is preferably fed in rice field by feeding mixture, and the feeding is performed every 667m according to the daily fixation of feeding when the duck is put in the morning and returned to the duck shed at night2The duck breeding amount in the rice field is 50-70g of the average supplementary feed per day; the ducks are driven to the duck shed every night, the ducks are not allowed to fall into the field every morning at 10:00 to 16:00 every afternoon in midsummer, and the ducks are driven into the duck shed when rainstorm comes.
After the rice and duck are polycultured for one quarter in the above example 2, the economic benefits of the rice and duck are improved, wherein:
1. the problem of intertillage weeding is solved by breeding ducks in the rice field: the ducks are fed and trampled with weeds continuously after being placed in the paddy field, so that the weeds in the field are eliminated fundamentally, the soil is loosened in the feeding process of the ducks, the intertillage effect is achieved, and the growth and development of roots are promoted.
2. The duck breeding in the rice field plays a role in warming and oxygenating: duckweed on water can be eaten by ducks in a paddy field, so that the sunlight can be received, the water temperature can be improved, the ducks step on mud to stir the paddy field water in motion, the oxygen content is increased, and the physical and chemical properties of the paddy field are greatly improved.
3. The duck breeding in the rice field can achieve the purposes of disease prevention and deinsectization: the duck moves in the paddy field to enhance permeability, can prevent rice blast and banded sclerotial blight, and eat rice weevil, soil worm and other pests in the paddy field in the feeding process, so that rice field insect pests are prevented.
4. The duck breeding in the rice field has the effect of fertilizing the soil fertility: the ducks are continuously fed and discharged in the paddy field stocking process, and the duck manure plays a role in fertilizing the field.
5. The duck breeding in the rice field improves the quality of rice: the effects of intertillage weeding, disease prevention and deinsectization and land fertility increasing of the ducks can avoid or reduce the pollution of synthetic substances such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers and the like to the rice and effectively improve the quality of the rice.
6. The duck breeding in the rice field has good economic benefits: the duck breeding in the paddy field can reduce the investment of pesticides, fertilizers and manpower in the paddy field, and the bred duck can obtain about 3 yuan, and the income and expenditure can be increased and the expenditure can be saved by 120 yuan for each mu of paddy field and 140 yuan for the implementation of rice and duck co-breeding according to large-area domestic practice.
In summary, the following steps: the invention provides a three-dimensional rice and duck co-breeding ecological system, which mainly utilizes the symbiotic principle of rice and ducks, is a compound ecological system combining natural ecology and human intervention and is characterized in that rice planting is taken as the center and domestic ducks are cultivated in the field, and achieves the purposes of reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizers, applying less or no pesticides, developing green rice, realizing the sustainable planting and breeding of rice fields and improving the quality and economic benefit of agricultural products by weeding, weeding and fertilizing ducks.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional rice duck educates ecosystem altogether, includes agricultural paddy field thing population and family duck thing population, its characterized in that carries out mixed culture, specifically includes with family duck thing population and agricultural paddy field thing population:
(1) and variety selection: the rice variety in the agricultural rice field population is Nanjing 5055 or Nanjing 46; the duck variety in the domestic duck population is the Ma duck in the nest lake;
(2) and duck releasing time and density of domestic duck population: putting ducks in 30 days in 6 months every year, and putting the duck seedlings according to the standard of 16 ducks per mu;
(3) and domestic duck breeding management: comprises feeding materials and preventing diseases and expelling parasites; wherein the feeding is specifically as follows: supplementary feed for 15-25-day-old ducklings, wherein 50g of supplementary feed is fed for each ducklings every day; feeding mixed feed or wheat after 25 days of age, wherein each feed is fed with 50-70g of feed every day, the feed is fed twice in the morning and at night every day, the feed is 1/3 of daily feed amount, and the feed is 2/3; 15 days before the meat ducks are taken out of the field, 130g of supplementary materials are fed to each meat duck every day, and whistle is blown to establish conditioned reflex during supplementary materials; the disease prevention and insect expelling method specifically comprises the following steps: injecting a vaccine for preventing duck plague before the duck vaccine is put into the field, inoculating the vaccine for preventing duck plague with 25-30 days old vaccine for preventing fowl cholera, and expelling parasites once at about 50 days old;
(4) and the rice cultivation in the agricultural rice field population comprises the following steps: seedling raising and transplanting, fertilizer and water management and pest control; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: seedling raising and transplanting: adopting a wet seedling raising mode, sowing for 5 months and 12 days, transplanting for 6 months and 18-22 days, wherein the seedling age is 36-40 days, the previous stubble of the rice is the safflower, and ploughing for 4 months and 20 days; and (3) fertilizer and water management: applying 1500 kg of decomposed sheep manure per mu without additional fertilizer, keeping a 3-5 cm shallow water layer in the field, timely baking the field, moistening and irrigating in a grouting period, drying, wetting and cutting off water 7 days before harvesting; and (3) pest control: on one hand, the ducks are used for predation, chemical pesticides are not applied, on the other hand, for pests with strong phototaxis, 1 moth-luring solar insect-killing lamp is arranged in each 30-50 mu of rice field, and the lured insects are fed to the ducks every day; the matched sex attractant and the insect attracting plate can attract and kill the pests;
(5) and when the rice in the agricultural rice field population is aligned with the ears, the ducks are expelled from the field, the rice is ripe in the last 10 months, and the rice is harvested, aired and sold in due time.
2. The stereoscopic rice and duck co-breeding ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological system comprises: in the seedling raising and transplanting process of rice cultivation, artificial transplanting is adopted, the row spacing is controlled to be about 25 centimeters multiplied by 20 centimeters, and 2-3 basic seedlings are planted in each hole.
3. The stereoscopic rice and duck co-breeding ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological system comprises: the method is characterized by also comprising the step of establishing a breeding shed for the domestic duck population near the agricultural rice field population, wherein the breeding shed is of a cement column support structure, plastic paper is hung around the breeding shed, the breeding shed is convenient to preserve heat at night, formalin, potassium permanganate and clean water are used for fumigation, appliances are sterilized by 2% sodium hydroxide solution, and the appliances are cleaned by clean water.
4. The stereoscopic rice and duck co-breeding ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological system comprises: the fishery population can be mixedly cultured among the species populations of the agricultural rice field, and the fry in the fishery population is thrown in 5 months and 30 days every year, which is one month earlier than the throwing time of the duck fry.
5. The stereoscopic rice and duck co-breeding ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the domestic duck breeding management, 5g of terramycin calcium powder is added into per hundred kilograms of feed, the continuous medication is carried out for 3-4 days, the medication is stopped for 4-5 days, the medication is interrupted, and 50-70PPM enrofloxacin is added into the drinking water 3 days before ducklings.
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