CN112772321A - Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, crayfish and rana nigromaculata - Google Patents
Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, crayfish and rana nigromaculata Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively breeding rice-crayfish-rana nigromaculata, which comprises the following steps: selecting a proper rice field, constructing raised and widened ridges around the rice field, and installing escape-proof facilities around the ridges; in 1-2 months, selecting submerged plants as aquatic weeds for transplanting 15-20 days before the shrimp seedlings are put; 2 months, stocking crayfish seedlings, and 4-6 months, wherein the crayfish is bred until the crayfish reaches the specification of a commodity, and the crayfish is caught by a wheel and is put on the market; after the harvesting of the crayfishes is finished, planting rice from the late 6 th to the early 7 th of the month, wherein the rice is selected from the varieties which do not need to be exposed to the sun; and (3) breeding the rana nigromaculata froglets which are artificially domesticated and can eat commercial artificial compound feed in the rice field 7-10 days later after rice field transplanting, and performing wheel-capture on the rana nigromaculata frogles bred to the commercial specification by adopting a ground cage for 10-11 months. The comprehensive planting and breeding method does not need to dig a ditch, does not reduce the planting area of the rice field, exerts the advantages of continuous cropping of the rice and the crayfish and symbiosis of the rice, the rana nigromaculata and the crayfish, fully utilizes the time and the space of the rice field, and improves the utilization rate and the economic benefit of the rice field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for comprehensively breeding rice, crayfish and rana nigromaculata.
Background
Food is taken as the day by the people, and the grain is not only an important strategic material for the safety of the people and the country, but also the most basic production material of the people. Rice is an annual grass family and is fed to nearly half of the world's population, including almost the entire population of east and south east asia. Rice is widely planted in China, and a certain amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide are needed to be applied in the planting process. In order to improve the economic benefit of unit cultivated land area and develop proper aquaculture by using paddy field wetland resources on the premise of ensuring stable yield of paddy rice, China gradually forms a mode of rice fishing and planting and is widely popularized. Since the 'nine five' project in China, under the promotion of governments at all levels, rice and fish engineering is vigorously developed in rural areas in China, a modern rice and fish culture industry with culture-related objects of nearly 20 types and culture areas of more than 3400 ten thousand mu is formed, and a rice and fish culture mode is continuously developed and evolved.
At present, the rice and fishery planting industry mainly comprises the following modes: (1) symbiotic planting and breeding mode: the breeding varieties mainly comprise carp, loach, finless eel, river crab, freshwater shrimp, Chinese turtle, bullfrog, rana nigromaculata and the like, and the breeding varieties comprise symbiotic modes of rice fish, rice loach, rice eel, rice crab, rice shrimp (freshwater shrimp), rice frog, rice turtle, rice frog and the like proposed by patent numbers CN109169082A, CN106614118A, CN104322337A, CN111543361A, CN107211786A, CN108739159A, CN104106439B, CN108902010A and the like. (2) Continuous cropping planting and breeding mode: the method is characterized in that during the period from harvesting rice in 10 months to planting rice in 6 months of the second year, the idle time in the rice field in winter and spring is utilized to culture aquatic product varieties, the cultured varieties mainly comprise procambarus clarkii (commonly called crayfish) and the like, and for example, an ecological planting and breeding method for continuous cropping of the procambarus clarkii (crayfish) and the like is provided by CN 111543269A. (3) Continuous cropping and symbiotic planting and breeding mode: compared with the former two modes, the mode can be used for cultivating aquatic breeds in the idle period and the rice planting period of the rice field, fully utilizes the space and time of the rice field, can generate higher economic benefit, and is a development direction of rice, fishing and planting agriculture in future. Patent No. CN102090291A proposes a combined planting and breeding method of rice, crayfish and turtle, combining a ditch with a rice field, throwing in turtle seeds in 5 months, and throwing in crayfish seeds in 9-10 months, so as to realize a comprehensive planting and breeding mode of rice and turtle symbiosis and rice and shrimp continuous cropping. According to the comprehensive planting and breeding mode of rice, crayfish and ricefield eels provided by the patent number CN110692554A, after ditches are dug around a rice field, crayfish fries are released and bred from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, the fries are fished in the middle and upper ten days of 5 months, the ricefield eel fries are put in the middle and upper ten days of 7 months, the ricefield eels are fished in the middle and lower ten days of 10 months, and the rest ricefield eels are fished completely from the beginning of the next year to the beginning of the crayfish fishing.
The existing planting and breeding modes can improve the breeding benefit, but still have the defects, for example, the planting and breeding modes need to dig a ditch, the ditch is used for providing a place for the aquatic animals to live and breed and inhabit and avoid summer heat, and the aquatic animals can live in the ditch during the period of sunning the rice fields. However, excavation of the ditch occupies as much as 20% of the rice planting area, resulting in a decrease in the rice planting area and rice yield. In 2019, offices for high-standard fertile farmland construction continuously develop texts, and the high-standard fertile farmland construction is required to be inaccurate for ditching, so that the grain safety is ensured. Therefore, whether the comprehensive planting benefit of the rice field can be effectively improved on the premise of not reducing the planting area of the rice is an important problem to be solved urgently at present. In addition, the existing continuous cropping and symbiotic planting and breeding mode has the defects that the carnivorous soft-shelled turtles, ricefield eels and the like in the continuous cropping and symbiotic planting and breeding mode of rice, crayfish and ricefield eels can prey on crayfish fries, namely, different aquatic culture species cannot be in peaceful co-location, and the culture benefit is influenced.
The crayfish has tender meat, delicious taste, great market demand and wide development prospect, is deeply loved by consumers, and is an important breeding variety in freshwater breeding in China at present. The rana nigromaculata is commonly called frogs and turkeys, has tender meat and high protein content, and is popular with consumers. The rice-crayfish-rana nigromaculata continuous cropping and symbiotic planting mode without the need of digging a ditch can guarantee the planting area of the original rice field, and the requirements of the growth of the mixed-culture variety on different water temperatures are utilized to realize the continuous cropping (rice shrimps) on the time level and the symbiosis (rice frog shrimps) on the space level of the same rice field, so that the utilization efficiency and the planting benefit of the rice field are effectively improved. The mode effectively expands the planting time and space of the rice field, controls the occurrence of diseases and insect pests of the rice field, improves the comprehensive benefit of rice field cultivation, further improves the yield and quality of agricultural products, and realizes the common development of aquaculture and agricultural planting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing rice fishing and planting mode, the invention aims to provide a method for comprehensively planting rice, crayfish and rana nigromaculata, which realizes the effective expansion of the time and the space of a rice field, controls the occurrence of rice diseases and insect pests and improves the comprehensive benefit of rice fishing and planting by a rice and shrimp continuous cropping and rice, frog and shrimp symbiosis mode on the premise of not reducing the planting area of rice.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for comprehensively planting and breeding rice-crayfish-rana nigromaculata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) rice field selection and planning
Selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide in periphery, sufficient in illumination, convenient to transport, separate in water inlet and water outlet and 10-50 mu in area, building heightened and widened ridges around the paddy field, wherein the ridges are usually 0.8-1m high and 0.8-1m wide, fence nets and other escape-preventing facilities are installed around the ridges, the fence nets are 0.5-1 m high and 0.1-0.3 m deep underground, and are fixed at the periphery by bamboo poles every 1-2 m;
preferably, a nylon net with 3cm meshes is covered 3-4 meters above the rice field to prevent birds such as aigret, heroin and the like from catching rana nigromaculata in the rice field.
(2) Cultivation of aquatic weeds
In 1-2 months, selecting submerged plants as aquatic weeds for transplanting 15-20 days before the shrimp seedlings are put; applying 30-50kg of fermented decomposed manure per mu after the aquatic weeds are planted;
the submerged plant is one or more of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, goldfish algae and curly pondweed;
in the later period of crayfish culture, attention needs to be paid to control the area of the aquatic weeds, and the area of the aquatic weeds is controlled to be 30-50% of the culture water surface
(3) Crayfish breeding
2 months stocking crayfish seedlings, wherein the stocking density is 15-20 kg/mu, and the specification is 100-; and adjusting the water level of the rice field to 20cm before breeding the crayfish fries.
The breeding and management are carried out according to the breeding technology of crayfish, rice and shrimp, concretely, soybeans which are ground after being soaked in water are fed for 2 times every day in the 1 st week after crayfish seeds are put in the breeding, commercial special compound feed for the crayfish seeds is fed from the 2 nd week, the soybeans and fish paste which are processed by mixing and crushing corns, wheat and the like are properly matched, meanwhile, multiple vitamins and immune polysaccharide are added into the feed, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the daily feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight, and the principle that crayfish is saturated in eating and no residual feed is left is taken as a principle.
4-6 months, breeding the crayfishes until the crayfishes reach the commodity specification, and performing wheel catching and selling by adopting a ground cage; remaining crayfishes caught in a wheel are reserved for self-propagation so as to breed the next-year offspring seeds;
when crayfish is bred, water is added into the rice field for 1 time in one week under the general condition, and the water quality of the rice field is kept fresh; after the crayfishes begin to be caught in the month 4, the water level of the rice field is increased to 30-50cm until the crayfishes are caught in the last 6 months; the quicklime is used for adjusting water quality and increasing the content of calcium ions in water every 15-20 days to meet the requirement of crayfish on calcium for exuviation growth, and the consumption of the quicklime is 10-15 kg/mu.
(4) After the capture of the crayfish is finished, the rice is planted from the late 6 th to the early 7 th of the month, and the rice varieties are selected from the varieties which do not need to be planted in the fields, such as Anjing you No. 1, Yulianyou No. 1, Jiayou Zhongke No. 3 and the like.
When the rice is planted, the water level is adjusted to meet the requirement of normal growth of the rice after rice transplanting, and the water level is gradually reduced to be harvested before the rice is harvested; after harvesting the rice, the water level is adjusted to 30-50 cm.
When the rice is planted, the monocalcium phosphate fertilizer water is used when the water temperature is above 25 ℃, and the using amount is 20 kg/mu.
(5) And (3) breeding the rana nigromaculata young rana nigromaculata which is artificially domesticated and can eat commercial artificial compound feed 7-10 days later in the rice field, wherein the standard is 8-10 g/rana nigromaculata young rana nigromaculata, and the breeding density is 3000 pieces/mu.
Culturing and managing according to the rice-frog symbiotic breeding technology; the breeding of the rana nigromaculata froglets mainly feeds special artificial compound feed, the feed is fed on a feeding table for 1 time every day, the daily feeding amount accounts for 2-3% of the weight, and the principle that the frogs eat saturated feed without residual feed is taken as the principle. The fish liver oil or multiple vitamins are added into the bait to prevent the skin rot.
And (5) in 10-11 months, carrying out wheel-catching on the rana nigromaculata bred to the commodity specification by adopting a ground cage and selling the rana nigromaculata in the market.
In the method of the invention, the water body management method comprises the following steps:
before breeding crayfish fries, the water level of the rice field is adjusted to 20cm, water is added for 1 time in one week under general conditions, and the freshness of the water quality of the rice field is kept. After 4 months, the water level of the rice field is increased to 50cm until the crayfish is harvested in the last 6 months. The quicklime is used for adjusting water quality and increasing the content of calcium ions in water every 15-20 days to meet the requirement of crayfish on calcium for exuviation growth, and the consumption of the quicklime is 10-15 kg/mu. And (4) beginning to plant rice from the late 6 th to the early 7 th of the month, adjusting the water level to meet the requirement of normal growth of the rice after transplanting, and gradually reducing the water level before harvesting the rice to wait for harvesting. The calcium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer water is used when the water temperature is above 25 ℃, and the using amount is 20 kg/mu. After the rice is harvested, the water level is adjusted to be 30-50cm, after crayfish seedlings are found in 11 months, soybean milk rich water is used, 1.5kg of soybeans are thrown into each mu every day for 1 week continuously, or amino acid rich water paste rich water is used for 1 time in 7 days. And after the shrimp seeds are cultured for 15 days, feeding water to the field surface for 20cm, and performing the next round of shrimp seed culture. The pH value of the water body is maintained between 7 and 7.5, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
In the method of the present invention, the method for controlling diseases is as follows:
most pests in the rice field can be removed by rana nigromaculata as food, in order to prevent a small amount of flying pests of rice in the air, a solar pest killing lamp is arranged in each 10 mu of rice field, a feeding table is arranged below the pest killing lamp, and the pests trapped and killed by the pest killing lamp fall into the feeding table to be eaten by the rana nigromaculata.
The main disease of rana nigromaculata is skin rot, and the prevention method is to add cod liver oil or multiple vitamins into the bait.
During the cultivation of the crayfish, 10-15 kg/mu of quicklime is added with water to prepare a solution every 15-20 days, and the solution is splashed 1 time in the whole pool.
In the step (3) and the step (5), disinfection treatment is carried out before stocking the rana nigromaculata froglets and the crayfish fries, and the disinfection method before stocking is 5 percent of salt solution dipping for 5 to 10 minutes or 5ppm of potassium permanganate dipping for 10 to 20 minutes. The stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the temperature difference between the cultivation water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; when breeding seeds, breeding the seeds uniformly along the periphery of the rice field.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the existing rice fish breeding modes such as rice fish, rice crab, rice shrimp, rice turtle, rice frog and the like all need to dig a ditch, and the method for comprehensively breeding rice, crayfish and rana nigromaculata does not need to dig a ditch, so that the planting area of a rice field is not reduced.
2. The comprehensive planting and breeding method fully exerts the advantages of continuous cropping of the rice and the crayfish and symbiosis of the rice, the rana nigromaculata and the crayfish, fully utilizes the time and the space of the rice field, and improves the utilization rate and the economic benefit of the rice field.
3. The breeding species of the invention comprises rana nigromaculata, has strong jumping ability and wide range of activity, can eat pests with different plant heights of rice from leaves to roots, and is an advantage that other symbiotic aquatic animals do not have. In addition, the rana nigromaculata cannot eat crayfish, can live with the crayfish in a symbiotic way, exerts the ecological advantages of symbiotic coexistence of rice, frog and shrimp, can finally harvest three planting and breeding products such as rice, crayfish and rana nigromaculata, and greatly improves the economic benefit of unit rice field planting area.
4. The breeding varieties of the invention comprise crayfish and rana nigromaculata, the excreta of the breeding varieties can be used as organic fertilizer of rice to promote the growth of the rice, and the rice provides natural bait and good inhabiting environment for the growth of the crayfish and the rana nigromaculata, and the breeding varieties are mutually beneficial and form a benign ecological cycle system.
5. The rice planting of the invention does not need pesticides such as insecticide, the produced rice is green and pollution-free, and the ecological green planting of the rice is realized. Meanwhile, the pests in the rice field provide food sources for the rana nigromaculata, the breeding cost is reduced, and the economic and ecological benefits are improved.
6. The crayfishes selected by the invention can be naturally propagated in the rice field, and the bred offspring can be used as the seeds for continuous cropping of rice and crayfishes in the next year, so that the breeding cost can be reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) Rice field selection and planning
Selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide at the periphery, is sufficient in illumination, is convenient to transport, is divided into water inlet and water outlet, and has the area of 10 mu, constructing heightened and widened ridges around the paddy field, wherein the height of the ridges is 0.8m, the width of the ridges is 0.8m, fence nets and other escape-preventing facilities are arranged around the ridges, the height of the fence nets is 0.5m, the fence nets are deep into the ground for 0.1m, and the fence nets are fixed at the periphery by bamboo poles at intervals of 1 m. Further, a nylon net with a mesh of 3cm was covered over the rice field about 3m above the ground to prevent birds such as aigret and heron from eating the rana nigromaculata in the rice field.
(2) Cultivation of aquatic weeds
Selecting submerged plants such as waterweeds, hydrilla verticillata, goldfish algae, potamogeton crispus and the like as aquatic weeds to be transplanted, wherein the transplanting time is 1-2 months, and the transplanting is carried out 15 days before the shrimp seedlings are put. In the later period of crayfish cultivation, the area of the waterweeds is controlled, the area of the waterweeds is 30 percent of the cultivation water surface, and 30kg of fermented decomposed manure is applied to each mu after the waterweeds are planted.
(3) Stocking offspring seeds
Stocking crayfish seeds: crayfish seedlings are stocked in 2 months, the stocking density is 15 kg/mu, and the specification is 150 per kg. Breeding the rana nigromaculata: and breeding young frogs which are domesticated artificially and can eat commercial artificial compound feed 7 days after rice field transplanting, wherein the standard is 8-10 g/frogs, and the breeding density is 3000 frogs/mu.
Sterilizing young frogs and crayfish fries before stocking, wherein the sterilizing method before stocking is 5 percent salt water immersion for 5 to 10 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate immersion for 10 to 20 minutes. The stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the temperature difference between the cultivation water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; when breeding seeds, breeding the seeds uniformly along the periphery of the rice field.
(4) Feeding management
Feeding soybeans which are soaked in water and ground after crayfish fries are put in the breeding pond for 1 week, feeding for 2 times every day, from 2 weeks, feeding commercial crayfish fries special compound feed mainly, properly matching corn, wheat and the like, mixing and crushing the mixture to obtain pasty bait and fish paste, adding multiple vitamins and immune polysaccharide into the feed, feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 5 percent of the weight, and the principle that crayfish is saturated in eating and does not leave residual bait is taken.
The breeding of the rana nigromaculata froglets mainly feeds special artificial compound feed, the feed is fed on a feeding table for 1 time every day, the daily feeding amount accounts for 2 percent of the weight, and the principle that the frogs eat saturated feed without residual bait is taken as the principle.
(5) Water management
Before breeding crayfish fries, the water level of the rice field is adjusted to 20cm, water is added for 1 time in one week under general conditions, and the freshness of the water quality of the rice field is kept. After 4 months, the water level of the rice field is increased to 40cm until the harvesting of the crayfishes in the last 6 months is finished. The quick lime is used for adjusting the water quality and increasing the content of calcium ions in water every 15 to 20 days so as to meet the requirement of the crayfish on calcium for shelling and growth, and the consumption of the quick lime is 10 kg/mu.
And (4) beginning to plant rice from late 6 th to early 7 th, adjusting the water level to be convenient for transplanting rice seedlings, then adjusting the water level to meet the standard of normal growth of the rice, and gradually reducing the water level before harvesting the rice to wait for harvesting. The rice variety is Anjing you No. 1. When the water temperature is above 25 ℃, the fertilizer water of calcium dihydrogen phosphate can be used, and the using amount is 20 kg/mu. After the water level of the harvested rice is adjusted to 30-50cm, after crayfish seedlings are found in 11 months, soybean milk rich water is used, 1.5kg of soybeans are thrown into each mu every day for 1 week continuously, or amino acid rich water paste rich water is used for 1 time in 7 days. And after the shrimp seeds are cultured for 15 days, feeding water to the field surface for 20cm, and performing the next round of shrimp seed culture. The pH value of the water body is maintained between 7 and 7.5, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
(6) Disease control
Most pests in the rice field can be removed by rana nigromaculata as food, in order to prevent a small amount of flying pests of rice in the air, a solar pest killing lamp is arranged in each 10 mu of rice field, a feeding table is arranged below the pest killing lamp, and the pests trapped and killed by the pest killing lamp fall into the feeding table to be eaten by the rana nigromaculata.
The main disease of rana nigromaculata is skin rot, and the prevention method is to add cod liver oil or multiple vitamins into the bait. The crayfish is mainly used for water body disinfection, and quicklime 10 kg/mu is added with water to prepare a solution every 15 days, and then the solution is splashed 1 time in the whole pool.
(7) Harvesting and catching
When the crayfish is cultured to reach the commodity specification, the crayfish is caught by a ground cage for sale (4-6 months), and a part of crayfish is reserved as seed crayfish for self-breeding; the rana nigromaculata is cultivated until the product specification is reached, and ground cages are adopted for rotation catching and marketing (10-11 months).
The final breeding yield of the crayfishes reaches 90 kg/mu, the marketing specification of the crayfishes is 20/kg, the marketing specification of the rana nigromaculata reaches 40 g/mu, the breeding yield is 30 kg/mu, and the rice yield reaches 450 kg/mu.
Example 2
(1) Rice field selection and planning
Selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide at the periphery, is sufficient in illumination, is convenient to transport, is divided into water inlet and water outlet areas, and has the area of 50 mu, constructing heightened and widened ridges around the paddy field, wherein the height of the ridges is 0.8m, the width of the ridges is 1m, fence nets and other escape-preventing facilities are arranged around the ridges, the height of the fence nets is 0.5m, the fence nets penetrate into the ground for 0.1m, and the fence nets are fixed at the periphery by bamboo poles at intervals of 1 m. Further, a nylon net with a mesh of 3cm was covered over the rice field about 3m above the ground to prevent birds such as aigret and heron from eating the rana nigromaculata in the rice field.
(2) Cultivation of aquatic weeds
Selecting submerged plants such as waterweeds, hydrilla verticillata, goldfish algae, potamogeton crispus and the like as aquatic weeds to be transplanted, wherein the transplanting time is 1-2 months, and the transplanting is carried out 15 days before the shrimp seedlings are put. And (4) controlling the area of the aquatic weeds at the later stage, wherein the area of the aquatic weeds is 50% of the culture water surface, and 50kg of fermented decomposed manure is applied to each mu after the aquatic weeds are planted.
(3) Stocking offspring seeds
Stocking crayfish seeds: crayfish seedlings are stocked in 2 months, the stocking density is 20 kg/mu, and the specification is 100/kg. Breeding the rana nigromaculata: and breeding the young frogs which are domesticated artificially and can eat commercial artificial compound feed 7 days after rice field transplanting, wherein the standard is 10 g/frogs, and the breeding density is 3000 frogs/mu.
Sterilizing young frogs and crayfish fries before stocking, wherein the sterilizing method before stocking is 5 percent salt water immersion for 5 to 10 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate immersion for 10 to 20 minutes. The stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the temperature difference between the cultivation water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; when breeding seeds, breeding the seeds uniformly along the periphery of the rice field.
(4) Feeding management
Feeding soybeans which are soaked in water and ground after crayfish fries are put in the breeding pond for 1 week, feeding for 2 times every day, from 2 weeks, feeding commercial crayfish fries special compound feed mainly, properly matching corn, wheat and the like, mixing and crushing the mixture to obtain pasty bait and fish paste, adding multiple vitamins and immune polysaccharide into the feed, feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 5 percent of the weight, and the principle that crayfish is saturated in eating and does not leave residual bait is taken.
The breeding of the rana nigromaculata froglets mainly feeds special artificial compound feed, the feed is fed on a feeding table for 1 time every day, the daily feeding amount accounts for 2 percent of the weight, and the principle that the frogs eat saturated feed without residual bait is taken as the principle.
(5) Water management
Before breeding crayfish fries, the water level of the rice field is adjusted to 20cm, water is added for 1 time in one week under general conditions, and the freshness of the water quality of the rice field is kept. After 4 months, the water level of the rice field is increased to 40cm until the harvesting of the crayfishes in the last 6 months is finished. The quick lime is used once every 20 days to adjust the water quality and increase the calcium ion content in the water so as to meet the requirement of the crayfish on calcium for shelling and growth, and the using amount of the quick lime is 10 kg/mu.
And (4) beginning to plant rice from late 6 th to early 7 th, adjusting the water level to be convenient for transplanting rice seedlings, then adjusting the water level to meet the standard of normal growth of the rice, and gradually reducing the water level before harvesting the rice to wait for harvesting. The rice variety is Jiayou Zhongke No. 3 which does not need to be sunned. When the water temperature is above 25 ℃, the fertilizer water of calcium dihydrogen phosphate can be used, and the using amount is 20 kg/mu. After the water level of the harvested rice is adjusted to 30-50cm, after crayfish seedlings are found in 11 months, soybean milk rich water is used, 1.5kg of soybeans are thrown into each mu every day for 1 week continuously, or amino acid rich water paste rich water is used for 1 time in 7 days. And after the shrimp seeds are cultured for 15 days, feeding water to the field surface for 20cm, and performing the next round of shrimp seed culture. The pH value of the water body is maintained between 7 and 7.5, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
(6) Disease control
Most pests in the rice field can be removed by rana nigromaculata as food, in order to prevent a small amount of flying pests of rice in the air, a solar pest killing lamp is arranged in each 10 mu of rice field, a feeding table is arranged below the pest killing lamp, and the pests trapped and killed by the pest killing lamp fall into the feeding table to be eaten by the rana nigromaculata.
The main disease of rana nigromaculata is skin rot, and the prevention method is to add cod liver oil or multiple vitamins into the bait. The crayfish is mainly used for water body disinfection, and the crayfish is splashed 1 time in the whole pool after 15 kg/mu of quicklime is added with water to prepare a solution every 20 days.
(7) Harvesting and catching
When the crayfish is cultured to reach the commodity specification, the crayfish is caught by a ground cage for sale (4-6 months), and a part of crayfish is reserved as seed crayfish for self-breeding; the rana nigromaculata is cultivated until the product specification is reached, and ground cages are adopted for rotation catching and marketing (10-11 months).
The final breeding yield of the crayfishes reaches 100 kg/mu, the marketing specification of the crayfishes is 20/kg, the marketing specification of the rana nigromaculata reaches 40 g/mu, the breeding yield is 40 kg/mu, and the rice yield reaches 460 kg/mu.
Example 3
(1) Rice field selection and planning
Selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide at the periphery, is sufficient in illumination, is convenient to transport, is divided into water inlet and water outlet areas, and has the area of 30 mu, constructing heightened and widened ridges around the paddy field, wherein the height of the ridges is 0.8m, the width of the ridges is 0.9m, fence nets and other escape-preventing facilities are arranged around the ridges, the height of the fence nets is 0.5m, the fence nets penetrate into the ground for 0.1m, and the fence nets are fixed at the periphery by bamboo poles at intervals of 1 m. Further, a nylon net with a mesh of 3cm was covered over the rice field about 3m above the ground to prevent birds such as aigret and heron from eating the rana nigromaculata in the rice field.
(2) Cultivation of aquatic weeds
Selecting submerged plants such as waterweeds, hydrilla verticillata, goldfish algae, potamogeton crispus and the like as aquatic weeds to be transplanted, wherein the transplanting time is 1-2 months, and the transplanting is carried out 15 days before the shrimp seedlings are put. And (4) controlling the area of the aquatic weeds at the later stage, wherein the area of the aquatic weeds is 40% of the culture water surface, and applying 40kg of fermented decomposed manure per mu after the aquatic weeds are planted.
(3) Stocking offspring seeds
Stocking crayfish seeds: crayfish seedlings are stocked in 2 months, the stocking density is 18 kg/mu, and the specification is 120/kg. Breeding the rana nigromaculata: and (3) breeding the young frogs which are domesticated artificially and can eat commercial artificial compound feed 7-10 days after rice field transplanting, wherein the standard is 10 g/frogs, and the breeding density is 2000/mu.
Sterilizing young frogs and crayfish fries before stocking, wherein the sterilizing method before stocking is 5 percent salt water immersion for 5 to 10 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate immersion for 10 to 20 minutes. The stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the temperature difference between the cultivation water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; when breeding seeds, breeding the seeds uniformly along the periphery of the rice field.
(4) Feeding management
Feeding soybeans which are soaked in water and ground after crayfish fries are put in the breeding pond for 1 week, feeding for 2 times every day, from 2 weeks, feeding commercial crayfish fries special compound feed mainly, properly matching corn, wheat and the like, mixing and crushing the mixture to obtain pasty bait and fish paste, adding multiple vitamins and immune polysaccharide into the feed, feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 5 percent of the weight, and the principle that crayfish is saturated in eating and does not leave residual bait is taken.
The breeding of the rana nigromaculata froglets mainly feeds special artificial compound feed, the feed is fed on a feeding table for 1 time every day, the daily feeding amount accounts for 2 percent of the weight, and the principle that the frogs eat saturated feed without residual bait is taken as the principle.
(5) Water management
Before breeding crayfish fries, the water level of the rice field is adjusted to 20cm, water is added for 1 time in one week under general conditions, and the freshness of the water quality of the rice field is kept. After 4 months, the water level of the rice field is increased to 40cm until the harvesting of the crayfishes in the last 6 months is finished. The quick lime is used once every 20 days to adjust the water quality and increase the calcium ion content in the water so as to meet the requirement of the crayfish on calcium for shelling and growth, and the using amount of the quick lime is 10 kg/mu.
And (4) beginning to plant rice from late 6 th to early 7 th, adjusting the water level to be convenient for transplanting rice seedlings, then adjusting the water level to meet the standard of normal growth of the rice, and gradually reducing the water level before harvesting the rice to wait for harvesting. The rice variety is the fishery product No. 1 which does not need to be sunned. When the water temperature is above 25 ℃, the fertilizer water of calcium dihydrogen phosphate can be used, and the using amount is 20 kg/mu. After the water level of the harvested rice is adjusted to 30-50cm, after crayfish seedlings are found in 11 months, soybean milk rich water is used, 1.5kg of soybeans are thrown into each mu every day for 1 week continuously, or amino acid rich water paste rich water is used for 1 time in 7 days. And after the shrimp seeds are cultured for 15 days, feeding water to the field surface for 20cm, and performing the next round of shrimp seed culture. The pH value of the water body is maintained between 7 and 7.5, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
(6) Disease control
Most pests in the rice field can be removed by rana nigromaculata as food, in order to prevent a small amount of flying pests of rice in the air, a solar pest killing lamp is arranged in each 10 mu of rice field, a feeding table is arranged below the pest killing lamp, and the pests trapped and killed by the pest killing lamp fall into the feeding table to be eaten by the rana nigromaculata.
The main disease of rana nigromaculata is skin rot, and the prevention method is to add cod liver oil or multiple vitamins into the bait. The crayfish is mainly used for water body disinfection, and the crayfish is splashed 1 time in the whole pool after 15 kg/mu of quicklime is added with water to prepare a solution every 20 days.
(7) Harvesting and catching
When the crayfish is cultured to reach the commodity specification, the crayfish is caught by a ground cage for sale (4-6 months), and a part of crayfish is reserved as seed crayfish for self-breeding; the rana nigromaculata is cultivated until the product specification is reached, and ground cages are adopted for rotation catching and marketing (10-11 months).
The final breeding yield of the crayfishes reaches 95 kg/mu, the marketing specification of the crayfishes is 20/kg, the marketing specification of the rana nigromaculata reaches 40 g/mu, the breeding yield is 30 kg/mu, and the rice yield reaches 480 kg/mu.
Claims (10)
1. A method for comprehensively planting and breeding rice-crayfish-rana nigromaculata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) rice field selection and planning
Selecting a paddy field which faces the sun, is wide in periphery, sufficient in illumination, convenient to transport, separate in water inlet and water outlet and 10-50 mu in area, building heightened and widened ridges around the paddy field, and installing escape-preventing facilities around the ridges;
(2) cultivation of aquatic weeds
In 1-2 months, selecting submerged plants as aquatic weeds for transplanting 15-20 days before the shrimp seedlings are put; applying 30-50kg of fermented decomposed manure per mu after the aquatic weeds are planted;
(3) crayfish breeding
2 months, stocking crayfish seeds, and adjusting the water level of the rice field to 20cm before stocking the crayfish seeds; culturing and managing according to a crayfish, rice and shrimp culturing technology;
4-6 months, breeding the crayfishes until the crayfishes reach the commodity specification, and performing wheel catching and selling by adopting a ground cage; remaining crayfishes caught in a wheel are reserved for self-propagation so as to breed the next-year offspring seeds;
(4) after the harvesting of the crayfishes is finished, planting rice from the late 6 th to the early 7 th of the month, wherein the rice is selected from the varieties which do not need to be exposed to the sun;
when the rice is planted, the water level is adjusted to meet the requirement of normal growth of the rice after rice transplanting, and the water level is gradually reduced to be harvested before the rice is harvested; after harvesting the rice, adjusting the water level to 30-50 cm;
(5) breeding the rana nigromaculata froglets which are artificially domesticated and can eat commercial artificial compound feed into the rice field 7-10 days after rice field transplanting, and breeding and managing according to the rice-frog symbiotic breeding technology;
and (5) in 10-11 months, carrying out wheel-catching on the rana nigromaculata bred to the commodity specification by adopting a ground cage and selling the rana nigromaculata in the market.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the ridge is 0.8-1m high and 0.8-1m wide, fence nets are installed around the ridge as escape-proof facilities, the fence nets are 0.5-1 m high and 0.1-0.3 m deep into the ground, and the fence nets are fixed on the periphery every 1-2 m by bamboo poles; 3-4 meters above the paddy field, and covering a nylon net with 3cm meshes.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the submerged plant is one or more of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, goldfish algae, curly pondweed; the area of the waterweeds needs to be controlled to be 30-50% of the culture water surface in the later period of the crayfish culture.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the stocking density of the crayfish is 15-20 kg/mu, and the specification is 100-;
feeding soybeans which are soaked in water and ground after crayfish fries are put in the breeding pond for 1 week, feeding for 2 times every day, feeding commercial special compound feed for the crayfish fries from the 2 nd week, properly matching with corn, wheat and the like, mixing and crushing the mixture to obtain pasty bait and fish paste, adding multiple vitamins and immune polysaccharide into the feed, feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 3-5% of the weight, and the principle that the crayfish is saturated in eating and does not leave residual bait is taken as the principle.
5. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when crayfishes are cultivated, water is added to the rice field 1 time a week to keep the water quality of the rice field fresh; after the crayfishes begin to be caught in the month 4, the water level of the rice field is increased to 30-50cm until the crayfishes are caught in the last 6 months; the quick lime is used once every 15 to 20 days to adjust the water quality and increase the content of calcium ions in water, and the using amount of the quick lime is 10 to 15 kg/mu.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the fertilizer water of monocalcium phosphate is used at a water temperature of 25 ℃ or higher in an amount of 20 kg/mu when the rice is planted.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the size of the rana nigromaculata frogs is 8-10 g/mou, and the stocking density is 2000-3000/mou;
the method mainly comprises the steps of feeding special artificial compound feed for rana nigromaculata froglets, feeding the feed on a feeding table for 1 time every day, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 2-3% of the weight of the rana nigromaculata frogles, and the principle that the rana nigromaculata frogles are saturated in eating and no residual feed is left is taken as the principle; the fish liver oil or multiple vitamins are added into the bait to prevent the skin rot.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the water level of the harvested rice is adjusted to 30-50cm, after crayfish seedlings are found in 11 months, 1.5kg of soybeans are added per mu per day for 1 week with soybean milk rich water, or 1 time in 7 days with amino acid rich water paste rich water; after the shrimp seeds are cultured for 15 days, feeding water to the field surface for 20cm, and culturing the shrimp seeds in the next round; the pH value of the water body is maintained between 7 and 7.5, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method for controlling diseases comprises:
placing a solar insecticidal lamp in each 10 mu of rice field, placing a feeding table below the insecticidal lamp, and allowing insects trapped and killed by the insecticidal lamp to fall into the feeding table for the rana nigromaculata to eat;
the main diseases of the rana nigromaculata are skin rot, and the prevention method is to add cod liver oil or a plurality of vitamins into bait;
during the crayfish breeding period, 10-15 kg/mu of quicklime is added with water to prepare a solution every 15-20 days, and the solution is splashed 1 time in the whole pool.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (3) and (5), the young Rana nigromaculata and the crayfish fries are disinfected before stocking, and the disinfection method before stocking is 5 percent salt solution immersion for 5 to 10 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate immersion for 10 to 20 minutes; the stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the temperature difference between the cultivation water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; when breeding seeds, breeding the seeds uniformly along the periphery of the rice field.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113875661A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-04 | 浙江大学 | Comprehensive planting and breeding method of rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis |
| CN113875661B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-08-25 | 浙江大学 | Rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis comprehensive planting and breeding method |
| CN114600717A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-06-10 | 江西省水产科学研究所(江西省鄱阳湖渔业研究中心、江西省渔业资源生态环境监测中心) | Rice and shrimp breeding method |
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| CN112772321B (en) | 2022-04-19 |
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