CN114600717A - Rice and shrimp breeding method - Google Patents
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
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- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding rice and shrimps, which adopts a rice breeding and breeding mode of one season, breeding and separation, and alternate catching and alternate placing, and comprises the selection and modification of a rice field, wherein an anti-escape device is arranged along the periphery of the rice field, fields are sunned and dried tea, water grass is transplanted, crayfish seedlings are periodically placed and bred, daily water quality management is performed, the water level of the rice field is controlled, and feed feeding and disease control are performed: the invention is a new mode for comprehensively planting and breeding rice and crayfish for rice and fish at present, is an effective mode for breaking the predicament of comprehensively planting and breeding rice and crayfish, and promotes the modern agricultural development of grain stabilization, fish promotion, efficiency improvement, quality improvement and ecology; the crayfish breeding and separating technology is adopted, so that the crayfish breeding and selling are facilitated; by adopting the round catching and round releasing technology, the crayfishes are caught and released in time regularly, the crayfishes are sold continuously, the problem that the crayfishes in the market are gathered and come into the market is solved, the problem that the crayfishes are bred and bred in the same pond into a whole, the crayfishes are easy to select from the germplasm in the direction of miniaturization and the negative direction is solved, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for breeding rice shrimps.
Background
Crayfish is known as Procambarus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii) and is classified as belonging to the family crayfish (cambardae) and the genus Procambarus (Procambarus). The crayfish is widely distributed in rivers, lakes, ditches, ponds and paddy fields of Yangtze river basin and the river basin, has extremely strong adaptability, and becomes one of the most important economic shrimp varieties with the development potential in the Yangtze river basin in China.
The existing rice and shrimp breeding mode puts forward higher requirements on rice varieties, if rice straws of rice cannot reach a certain length, the water resistance of the selected rice varieties is not strong, the rice and shrimp are easy to fall down in the rice and shrimp co-culture breeding process, and the yield of crayfish is unstable.
The invention provides a rice and fish comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding mode, which is a novel modern ecological cycle agricultural development mode with multiple functions of grain stabilization, fish promotion, efficiency enhancement, quality improvement, ecology and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for breeding rice and shrimps, which specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding rice shrimps comprises the following steps:
(1) selection and transformation of rice field: water feeding and draining facilities are arranged in the east-west direction of the rice field, furrows are formed along ridges, the furrows are smaller than 10% of the area of a field block, the bottom of the field is flat, and the bottom is loam;
(2) preparation work before stocking: arranging an escape-proof device around the rice field, harvesting rice in the last year, drying the rice field and killing wild trash fish by tea dregs, and transplanting water plants in the current year;
(3) breeding rice and shrimps: stocking 25kg of crayfish fries per mu in the middle ten days of the month 2, stocking 5kg of crayfish fries per mu in the middle ten days of the month 3-7 months, and transplanting rice in the middle ten days of the month 6;
(4) daily management: keeping on a field patrol, recording the crayfish culture and rice growth conditions, checking escape-proof facilities, periodically testing the Ph value, the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the transparency of culture water, and periodically exchanging culture water according to the water quality condition; controlling the water level of the rice field, and keeping the deep water level of 40-60 cm in 2 months; when the water temperature rises in the last ten days of 3-4 months, the shallow water level of 20-30 cm is kept; the deep water level of 30cm to 50cm is kept from the middle ten days to the bottom of 5 months in 4 months; keeping normal water level after rice transplanting;
(5) feeding the feed: adopting a rice and shrimp seed breeding mode of 'one-season rice + breeding separation + round catching and round putting', after seedling is put in the middle ten days of 2 months, grinding corn and soybeans into pulp and feeding the pulp every 8 am, feeding the pulp and the dregs for one circle along a field diving area, wherein the feeding amount of the corn and the soybeans is 2-3 kg/mu, and after the specification of crayfish seeds is 10g, feeding commercial mixed feed;
(6) wheel catching and wheel releasing: periodically fishing the crayfishes by using a ground cage in the middle ten days of each month for 3-8 months after the crayfishes are periodically released for 2-7 months in each month;
(7) disease prevention and treatment: the disease resistance of the crayfish is strong, but in the feeding process, the disease prevention is enhanced, and the common diseases mainly belong to four categories, namely parasitic diseases, viral diseases, fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and the like; according to the principle that prevention is mainly carried out and prevention is more important than treatment, quicklime is used twice a month; in the early stage of cultivation, water is splashed in the whole field after quick lime is used for dissolving water, and water is splashed along the shrimp ditch after quick lime is used for dissolving water after seedling transplanting.
At present, the rice shrimp breeding mode is to wait for all the mature crayfishes and then carry out the overall fishing, which can lead to the breeding cost to increase, and the problem of lack of continuity is too concentrated to appear on the market. The invention adopts a wheel-catching wheel-releasing method, which can basically solve the problems; on the basis, the traditional mode of integrating breeding and cultivation is adjusted to a mode of separating breeding and cultivation, the problem that the specification of the crayfishes is gradually reduced is solved, and the special mode of breeding and separation and alternate catching and alternate putting of the crayfishes is formed.
Preferably, the escape-proof device in the step (2) is a plastic film, so that the crayfish is prevented from escaping in the breeding process, and the basic guarantee for crayfish breeding is provided; the aquatic weeds are dinoflagellates, and a good habitat environment is created for stocking shrimp seedlings.
Preferably, the middle ten days in steps (3) and (5) are 20 days of the month.
Preferably, the crayfish fries in the step (3) are sourced from 8-month and 20-day old crayfish breeding ponds of the base, updated seed shrimps are continuously added, and the breeding proportion of the seed shrimps is female: is equal to 4: 1.
Preferably, the step (5) of feeding the feed specifically comprises the following steps: after 20 days of 2 months and 20 seedlings are put, adding soybeans into corn and grinding the corn into pulp at 8 am every day, feeding the pulp for one circle along a field diving area, wherein the feeding amount of the corn and the soybeans is 2-3 kg/mu; after the specification of the crayfish fries is 10g, feeding commercial compound feed, and repeating the operation after the crayfish fries are put in the subsequent process; feeding according to a 'four-definite' method, wherein a small amount of feeding is carried out in the morning, and a large amount of feeding is carried out in the evening, wherein the feeding amount in the evening is 70% or more of the feeding amount in one day, and the feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of shrimps; when the weather is sunny, the water quality is good and the crayfish has a strong appetite, the crayfish is fed normally, and when the weather is overcast and rainy, the air pressure is low, the water temperature is low, the water color is too strong, and the crayfish has a poor appetite, the feeding amount is reduced or the feeding is suspended.
Preferably, the amount of the quicklime used in the step (7) is 5-10 kg/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a rice and shrimp seed breeding mode of 'one-season rice, breeding separation and alternate catching and alternate putting', aims to construct a new rice and shrimp seed breeding mode for comprehensive rice and fish breeding at present, is an effective mode for breaking the difficulty of comprehensive rice and crayfish breeding, and promotes the modern agricultural development of grain stabilization, fish promotion, efficiency improvement, quality improvement and ecology; by adopting the crayfish breeding and separating technology, the source of crayfish fries for breeding is the basic parent shrimp hatching pond, the crayfish fries are tidy and robust in size during fry stocking, the fry stocking time is relatively fixed, and the crayfish breeding and selling are facilitated; by adopting the round catching and round releasing technology, the crayfishes are caught and released in time regularly, the crayfishes are sold continuously, the problem that the crayfishes in the market are gathered and come into the market is solved, the problem that the crayfishes are bred and bred in the same pond into a whole, the crayfishes are easy to select from the germplasm in the direction of miniaturization and the negative direction is solved, and the like.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following embodiments to fully understand the objects, aspects and effects of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
In the period from 20 days 2-20 days 2021 to 20 days 9-20 days 2021, in a model base of a Wanfang rice shrimp breeding technology in Nancheng county, a rice shrimp breeding mode test is developed, breeding separation is carried out, fries are bred in a crayfish breeding pool of the base in 20 days 8 years, updated seed shrimps are continuously added, and the breeding proportion of the seed shrimps is female: the term is 4: 1.
(1) Selection and transformation of rice field: three fields of No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 are selected in the test paddy field, and the areas are respectively 10 multiplied 667m2、5×667m2、5×667m2The water inlet and outlet facilities are arranged along the east-west direction, furrows are formed along ridges, the furrows are smaller than 10% of the area of a field block, the bottom of the field is flat, and the bottom is loam.
(2) Preparation work before stocking: the anti-escape device is arranged around the rice field and is a plastic film, so that the crayfish is prevented from escaping in the breeding process and the basic guarantee for crayfish breeding is also provided; harvesting the rice in the last year for 9 months and 20 days, and then performing field sunning and tea withering to kill wild trash fish; in 1 month of this year, the dinoflagellate is transplanted to create a good habitat for the stocking of shrimp seedlings.
(3) Breeding rice and shrimps: a rice and shrimp seed breeding mode of 'one-season rice + breeding separation + alternate catching and alternate releasing' is adopted, 25kg of crayfish seeds are bred in one mu of three test rice fields within 2 months and 20 days per month, 5kg of crayfish seeds are bred in 20 mu of three test rice fields within 3-7 months, rice is transplanted in 20 months, and specific rice planting and crayfish breeding conditions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Rice planting and crayfish breeding stocking condition table
(4) Daily management: keeping on a field patrol, recording the crayfish culture and rice growth conditions, checking escape-proof facilities, periodically testing the Ph value, the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the transparency of culture water, and periodically exchanging culture water according to the water quality condition; controlling the water level of the rice field, and keeping 50cm deep water level for 2 months; keeping a shallow water level of 20cm when the water temperature rises in the last ten days of 3-4 months; the deep water level of 40cm is kept from the middle ten days to the bottom of 5 months in 4 months; keeping normal water level after rice transplanting;
(5) feeding the feed: after 20 days after 2 months, and 8 am every day, corn and soybeans are ground into pulp, and the pulp is fed for one circle along a field diving area, wherein the feeding amount of the corn and the soybeans is about 2-3 kg/mu. After the specification of the crayfish fries is 10g, commercially available compound feed is fed, and after the crayfish fries are put in subsequently, the operation is repeated. Feeding according to a 'four-season' method, feeding in a small amount in the morning mainly in the evening, wherein the feeding in the evening accounts for 70% of the feeding amount in one day, the feeding amount is 4% of the weight of the shrimps, and the feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the ingestion condition, the weather and the water temperature of the crayfish.
(6) Wheel catching and wheel releasing: after 2-7 months of crayfish are regularly stocked in middle ten days of each month, the crayfish are regularly caught by a ground cage in middle ten days of each month for 3-8 months;
(7) disease prevention and treatment: the crayfish has strong disease resistance, but the disease prevention is mainly strengthened in the feeding process, and the common diseases of the crayfish mainly belong to four categories, namely parasitic diseases, viral diseases, fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and the like. According to the principle that prevention is mainly carried out and prevention is heavier than control, quicklime is used twice every month, and in the early stage of cultivation, the quicklime is used for dissolving water and then splashing the quicklime all over the field. After transplanting, quicklime is used for dissolving water and then splashing along the shrimp ditch, and the consumption of the quicklime is 10 kg/mu.
Crayfish planting and harvesting conditions:
the harvest of the crayfish is to catch the crayfish big and small every month,the total amount of the crayfishes harvested in the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 rice fields is 1860kg, 790kg and 820kg respectively through rotation and rotation of the rotation and the cultivation for 180 days; the average specification is 31.2 g/tail, 26.4 g/tail and 29.2 g/tail respectively; the recapture rates are respectively 59.62%, 59.85% and 56.16%, wherein the highest yield per 1# field is 186kg/667m2The specific harvest was as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Table of harvest conditions of breeding crayfish
Wherein the harvesting time of the rice is 9 months and 20 days, and the average yield 1#, 2# and 3# of the rice are 550kg/667m respectively2、520kg/667m2、510kg/667m2。
The crayfish breeding benefit condition:
the yield values of the rice (average price of 2.4 yuan/kg) produced by the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 paddy fields are 13200 yuan, 6240 yuan and 6120 yuan respectively; crayfish (average price 52 yuan/kg) were collected in 93000 yuan, 39500 yuan, and 41000 yuan, and the total income was 106200 yuan, 45740 yuan, and 47120 yuan, respectively. The bait coefficient of the whole breeding period is evaluated to be 1.5, the feed cost is 3800 yuan/t, and the feed cost is calculated according to the yield of the crayfish in unit area and the usage amount of the feed; the cost of the crayfish fry is 20 yuan/kg, and the costs of rent, labor, water and electricity, fish medicine and the like of the field are uniformly shared; the average yield per mu benefit of the 1#, 2#, 3# paddy fields is 6860 yuan, 5547 yuan, 5789 yuan, and the crayfish breeding benefit condition is as follows: see table 3.
TABLE 3 crayfish cultivation test field input-output situation table (Unit: Yuan)
Wherein the rice yield values of the 1#, 2#, and 3# paddy fields are 13200 yuan, 6240 yuan, 6120 yuan respectively, and the average yield per mu of the rice is 1320 yuan, 1248 yuan, 1224 yuan.
While the present invention has been described in considerable detail and with particular reference to a few illustrative embodiments thereof, it is not intended to be limited to any such details or embodiments or any particular embodiments, but it is to be construed as effectively covering the intended scope of the invention by providing a broad, potential interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art with reference to the appended claims. Furthermore, the foregoing describes the invention in terms of embodiments foreseen by the inventor for which an enabling description was available, notwithstanding that insubstantial modifications of the invention, not presently foreseen, may nonetheless represent equivalent modifications thereto.
Claims (6)
1. A method for planting rice and shrimp is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection and transformation of rice field: water feeding and draining facilities are arranged in the east-west direction of the rice field, furrows are formed along ridges, the furrows are smaller than 10% of the area of a field block, the bottom of the field is flat, and the bottom is loam;
(2) preparation work before stocking: arranging an escape-proof device around the rice field, harvesting rice in the last year, drying the rice field and killing wild trash fish by tea dregs, and transplanting water plants in the current year;
(3) breeding rice and shrimps: stocking 25kg of crayfish fries per mu in the middle ten days of the month 2, stocking 5kg of crayfish fries per mu in the middle ten days of the month 3-7 months, and transplanting rice in the middle ten days of the month 6;
(4) daily management: insisting on field patrol, recording the conditions of crayfish culture and rice growth, checking escape-preventing facilities, periodically testing the pH value, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and transparency of culture water, and periodically exchanging culture water according to the water quality; controlling the water level of the rice field, and keeping the deep water level of 40-60 cm in 2 months; when the water temperature rises in the last ten days of 3-4 months, the shallow water level of 20-30 cm is kept; the deep water level of 30 cm-50 cm is kept from the middle ten days of 4 months to the bottom of 5 months; keeping normal water level after rice transplanting;
(5) feeding the feed: adopting a rice and shrimp seed breeding mode of 'one-season rice + breeding separation + round catching and round putting', after seedling is put in the middle ten days of 2 months, grinding corn and soybeans into pulp and feeding the pulp every 8 am, feeding the pulp and the dregs for one circle along a field diving area, wherein the feeding amount of the corn and the soybeans is 2-3 kg/mu, and after the specification of crayfish seeds is 10g, feeding commercial mixed feed;
(6) wheel catching and wheel releasing: after 2-7 months of crayfish are regularly stocked in middle ten days of each month, the crayfish are regularly caught by a ground cage in middle ten days of each month for 3-8 months;
(7) disease prevention and treatment: the crayfish has strong disease resistance, but in the feeding process, the disease prevention is enhanced, and the common diseases mainly comprise four main types, namely parasitic diseases, viral diseases, fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and the like; according to the principle that prevention is mainly carried out and prevention is more important than treatment, quicklime is used twice a month; in the early stage of cultivation, water is splashed in the whole field after quick lime is used for dissolving water, and water is splashed along the shrimp ditch after quick lime is used for dissolving water after seedling transplanting.
2. The method for raising rice and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the escape-preventing means is a plastic film; the aquatic weed is dinoflagellate.
3. The method for raising rice and shrimp according to claim 1, wherein the middle ten days in the steps (3) and (5) are 20 days of the month.
4. The method for raising rice shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the crayfish fries are released from the crayfish breeding pond in the base every 8 months and 20 days and updated seed shrimps are added continuously, wherein the releasing ratio of the seed shrimps is as follows: is equal to 4: 1.
5. The method for raising rice and shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (5) of feeding the feed specifically comprises the following steps: after 20 days of 2 months and 20 seedlings are put, adding soybeans into corn and grinding the corn into pulp at 8 am every day, feeding the pulp for one circle along a field diving area, wherein the feeding amount of the corn and the soybeans is 2-3 kg/mu; after the specification of the crayfish fries is 10g, feeding commercial compound feed, and repeating the operation after the crayfish fries are put in the subsequent process; feeding a small amount of shrimps in the morning and a large amount of shrimps in the evening, wherein the feeding amount in the evening is 70% or more of the feeding amount in one day, and the feeding amount is 3-5% of the weight of the shrimps; when the weather is sunny, the water quality is good and the crayfish has a strong appetite, the crayfish is fed normally, and when the weather is overcast and rainy, the air pressure is low, the water temperature is low, the water color is too strong, and the crayfish has a poor appetite, the feeding amount is reduced or the feeding is suspended.
6. The method for raising rice and shrimp according to claim 1, wherein the amount of quicklime used in step (7) is 5-10 kg/mu.
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| CN105830834A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-08-10 | 湖北省潜江市华山水产食品有限公司 | Novel crayfish and rice rotation breeding and planting method |
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