CN105230309A - A method for increasing the land utilization rate in a rice-shrimp culture mode - Google Patents

A method for increasing the land utilization rate in a rice-shrimp culture mode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105230309A
CN105230309A CN201510722423.9A CN201510722423A CN105230309A CN 105230309 A CN105230309 A CN 105230309A CN 201510722423 A CN201510722423 A CN 201510722423A CN 105230309 A CN105230309 A CN 105230309A
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planting
urea
plants
ditch
topdresses
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CN105230309B (en
Inventor
佀国涵
袁家富
彭成林
李金华
赵书军
徐祥玉
徐大兵
喻永冰
熊又升
周忠泉
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Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science
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Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/60Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for increasing the land utilization rate in a rice-shrimp culture mode. The method comprises a first step of transplanting aquatic plants in annular ditches, and a second step of planting crops on the top surfaces of ridges. The first step comprises the sub-step of from May to July, planting submerged aquatic plants such as hydrilla, ceratophyllum demersum or potamogeton distinctus in the annular ditches, planting water spinach at the edge of the ditches and planting water hyacinth or alternanthera philoxeroides at the water surface in a floating manner. The second step comprises: a first sub-step of soil preparation and fertilization in which cultivated land is arranged and part of fertilizer is applied in the land as base fertilizer; a second sub-step of planting first-season crops in which from May to the first third of June, sowing seeds of crops with great stress resistance, such as corn, sesame or soybeans; a third sub-step of planting second-season crops in which the corn, sesame or soybeans are harvested from the last third of August to the last third of September and planting leguminous green manure or oilseed rape from the last third of September to the first third of October; a fourth sub-step of field management in which furrows and blocks match each other to guarantee drainage and irrigation, thinning and final singling are performed in due time according to conventional field management, intertillage weeding is performed, seedling observation management is performed, controlling and promoting are combined and topdressing is performed in due time. The method effectively increases the land utilization rate.

Description

A kind ofly improve the rice shrimp altogether method of land utilization rate under operation mode
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production.Relate to more specifically and a kind ofly improve the rice shrimp altogether method of land utilization rate under operation mode.
Background technology
Rice-shrimp altogether operation mode is a kind of plant breeding model of comprehensive utilization, namely throw in or mend and throw cray seedling in semilate rice harvesting in annual 9 ~ October backward rice field of pouring water and entrust one's child to the care of sb., ripe cray is gathered in the crops before rice transplanting in the 3 ~ April in next year, then draining wholely, transplant semilate rice, and immature juvenile prawn migrates in the shrimp ditch of Around Paddy Field with water, rehydration after semilate rice is tillered, juvenile prawn enters rice field life again, gathers in the crops next season ripe cray before semilate rice results.Only promoted nearly 2,000,000 mu in Hubei Province before this type order, the average every per mu yield value of this pattern that the survey showed that, than traditional " rice-oily continuous cropping " pattern or the many income more than 3000 yuan of " rice-Mai continuous cropping " pattern, has good economic and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly improve the rice shrimp altogether method of land utilization rate under operation mode.The method had both purified water quality, for cray provides the food of habitat and abundance, compensate for again rice-shrimp grain yield that altogether rice field excavation annular ditch and field ditch lose under operation mode, improve the vegetation coverage of ridge, reduce the erosion of ridge.Improve rice-shrimp altogether method of land utilization rate under operation mode, the steps include:
1, annular ditch transplants water plants
May ~ July, to plant in annular ditch black algae or the heavy water-based water plants such as hornwort or pondweed, at limes marginis plantation harmony dish, weter hyacinth or water peanut is planted at water surface floating, general water plants accounts for 40 ~ 50% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area, be uniformly distributed, be conducive to the unblocked plug of current in shrimp ditch.
2, ridge end face Planting Crops
2.1 site preparation and fertilizations: combine arrangement arable land and part fertilizer is applied as base manure, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 50-100kg, urea 8 ~ 20kg, superphosphate 25 ~ 70kg, potassium chloride 2 ~ 14kg.
2.2 the first season crop
May ~ early June, carry out corn or the stronger crop seeding of the resistance such as sesame or soybean, adopt first nursery to transplant during maize planting or the mode of bunch planting is carried out, 1 maize seedling or sowing 2 ~ 3 maize seeds are transplanted in every cave, and planting density is at 4000 ~ 5000 plants/acre again; Sesame adopts the mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, and planting density is at 7000 ~ 8000 plants/acre; Soybean takes the mode of bunch planting to sow, and every bunch planting 2 ~ 3, planting density is at 10000 ~ 12000 plants/acre.
2.3 the second season crop
At late August to late September harvesting corn or sesame or soybean; To late September ~ early October, sowing leguminous green manure or rape; Leguminous green manure adopts Hairy vetch or common vetch, and take the mode of broadcasting sowing, seeding quantity is 3 ~ 6kg/ mu; Rape adopts first nursery to transplant again or the mode of broadcasting sowing is carried out, and planting density is at 6000 ~ 8000 plants/acre.Leguminous green manure or rape were gathered in the crops in 3 ~ May of next year.
2.4 field management
Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, and the row of guaranteeing can fill with; The in good time thinning of field management routinely, final singling; Intertill and clean tillage; See that seedling manages, control is short to be combined, and topdresses in good time.Corn topdressed by 4kg/ mu urea and 6kg/ mu urea respectively in seedling stage and booting stage; Common vetch treats that Miao Qihou imposes superphosphate 15kg/ mu, urea 5kg/ mu.Sesame topdresses by 5kg/ mu urea at bud stage; Rape is after its seedling is neat, and according to 20kg/ mu urea, 40kg/ mu superphosphate, 2kg/ mu potassium chloride topdresses, and at elongation, topdresses by 10kg/ mu urea.Soybean was topdressed according to 3.5kg/ mu urea in the flower pod phase; Press 20kg/ mu urea at rape seedling, 40kg/ mu superphosphate, 2kg/ mu potassium chloride topdresses, and at elongation, topdresses according to 10kg/ mu urea.
compared with prior art the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, in annular ditch and limes marginis planting aquatic plants, not only can purify water, for other biological provides growth necessary dissolved oxygen, but also the food of habitat and abundance can be provided for cray, can also conserve water and soil simultaneously, play the effect of Soil Conservation & Revetment.
2, ridge end face plantation cereal crops, not only compensate for rice-shrimp grain yield that altogether rice field excavation annular ditch and field ditch lose under operation mode, and improve the vegetation coverage of ridge end face, reduce the rain erosion of ridge.
3, the leguminous green manure of ridge end face plantation, not only as a kind of forage grass feeding cray of high nutritive value, and can improve soil, culture fertility as a kind of excellent biological source of manure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, annular ditch transplants water plants
In mid-May, black algae of planting in annular ditch, at limes marginis plantation harmony dish, plant weter hyacinth at water surface floating, water plants accounts for 40% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area, is uniformly distributed.
2, ridge end face Planting Crops
2.1 site preparation and fertilizations: combine arrangement arable land and part fertilizer is applied as base manure, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 100kg, urea 15kg, superphosphate 70kg, potassium chloride 14kg.
2.2 the first season crop
In the first tenday period of a month in May, take direct-seeding maize planting, every bunch planting kind 2 ~ 3 maize seeds, planting density is at about 4700 plants/acre.
2.3 the second season crop
At early September harvesting corn, late September broadcasts sowing common vetch; The seeding quantity of common vetch is 5kg/ mu, in late March harvesting in next year.
2.4 field management
Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, and the row of guaranteeing can fill with; Timely thinning, final singling, intertill and clean tillage; See that seedling manages, control is short to be combined, and topdresses in good time.Corn topdressed by 4kg/ mu urea and 6kg/ mu urea respectively in seedling stage and booting stage; Common vetch treats that Miao Qihou imposes superphosphate 15kg/ mu, urea 5kg/ mu.
Embodiment 2
1, annular ditch transplants water plants
In late May, pondweed of planting in annular ditch, at limes marginis plantation harmony dish, plant water peanut at water surface floating, water plants accounts for 45% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area, is uniformly distributed.
2, ridge end face Planting Crops
2.1 site preparation and fertilizations: combine arrangement arable land and part fertilizer is applied as base manure, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 50kg, urea 12kg, superphosphate 25kg, potassium chloride 10kg.
2.2 the first season crop
In mid-May, take the mode of broadcasting sowing to plant sesame, planting density is at about 7500 plants/acre.
2.3 the second season crop
At early September results sesame, adopt the mode of broadcasting sowing to plant rape in early September, rapeseed cultivation density, at about 8000 plants/acre, is gathered in the first tenday period of a month May in next year.
2.4 field management
Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, and the row of guaranteeing can fill with; Timely thinning, final singling, intertill and clean tillage; See that seedling manages, control is short to be combined, and topdresses in good time.Sesame topdresses by 5kg/ mu urea at bud stage; Rape is after its seedling is neat, and according to 20kg/ mu urea, 40kg/ mu superphosphate, 2kg/ mu potassium chloride topdresses, and at elongation, topdresses by 10kg/ mu urea.
Embodiment 3
1, annular ditch transplants water plants
In early June, hornwort of planting in annular ditch, limes marginis plantation harmony dish, at water surface aquaculture water peanut, water plants accounts for 50% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area, is uniformly distributed.
2, ridge end face Planting Crops
2.1 site preparation and fertilizations: combine arrangement arable land and part fertilizer is applied as base manure, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 70kg, urea 5kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium chloride 12kg.
2.2 the first season crop
In early June, take bunch planting way to plant soybean, every bunch planting 3-4 grain, planting density is at about 11000 plants/acre.
2.3 the second season crop
Late September results soybean; The mode adopting first nursery to transplant again in early October plants rape, and planting density is at about 7500 plants/acre, and rape gathered in late April in next year.
2.4 field management
Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, and the row of guaranteeing can fill with; Timely thinning, final singling, intertill and clean tillage; See that seedling manages, control is short to be combined, and topdresses in good time.Soybean was topdressed according to 3.5kg/ mu urea in the flower pod phase; Press 20kg/ mu urea at rape seedling, 40kg/ mu superphosphate, 2kg/ mu potassium chloride topdresses, and at elongation, topdresses according to 10kg/ mu urea.
Rice shrimp altogether operation mode needs to carry out engineered to rice field in advance, and namely at the annular ditch that surrounding excavation in rice field is not exclusively closed, the field that area is larger, also should excavate the field ditch of " one " font or " ten " font or " well " font.The Standard General of annular ditch is: wide 2.5 ~ 4.0m suitable for reading, the wide 1 ~ 1.5m of end opening, dark 1.2 ~ 1.5m; Field furrow width 1.5 ~ 2.5m, dark 0.5 ~ 0.8m, the gross area of ditch accounts for 8% ~ 12% of rice field area; In addition, reinforced, widen, increase ridge by dug out soil while excavation annular ditch, general ridge height exceeds face, field 0.6 ~ 0.8m, and wide more than the 3m of end face, ridge top surface area accounts for more than 8.0% of rice field area.
Construction criteria: technical standard and construction specification.
Technical standard: shrimp ditch top width 4 meters, bottom width 2 meters, dark 1.5 meters.Peripheral ridge bottom width 6 meters, top width 3 meters.Inside enclose ridge bottom width 60cm, top width 40cm, high 50cm.
Construction specification: the field (33.7 mu) being respectively 150 meters by length and width is calculated, start to dig shrimp ditch apart from Around Paddy Field 6 meters, the earthwork of digging out builds the peripheral ridge and Nei Weigeng for ditch both sides, do not dig the mechanical work passage that shrimp ditch stays 3-4 rice closing on tractor road Tian Jiaochu on one side, formed from outside to inside by the peripheral ridge, shrimp ditch, in enclose not exclusively closed " returning " character form structure that the ridge and rice workspace form.
The area that digs accounts for 11.8%.
Because the area of rice field annular ditch and field ditch accounts for 8% ~ 12% of rice field area under rice shrimp altogether operation mode, decrease Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area, and 1 year kind one season semilate rice, therefore this pattern significantly reduces land utilization rate, decreases grain yield.The rice field subsoil that ridge is mainly dug out by annular ditch builds up, and soil depletion is structural poor, and the ridge gradient simultaneously erected is comparatively large, easily rain erosion occurs.
The present invention by planting cray edible water plants in annular ditch, and the modes such as ridge end face plantation cereal crops, effectively improve the availability in soil; The water plants planted in annular ditch has not only purified water quality, for other biological provides growth necessary dissolved oxygen, and provides the food of habitat and abundance for cray, can also play the effect of Soil Conservation & Revetment simultaneously; Ridge end face plantation drought resisting, the crops that the anti-resistance such as barren is stronger, not only compensate for the rice shrimp grain yield that rice field excavation annular ditch and field ditch lose under operation mode altogether, and improve the vegetation coverage of ridge, reduce the rain erosion of ridge.

Claims (1)

1. improve the rice shrimp altogether method of land utilization rate under operation mode, the steps include:
A, annular ditch transplant water plants;
May ~ July, plant in annular ditch black algae or hornwort or pondweed sink water-based water plants, at limes marginis plantation harmony dish, weter hyacinth or water peanut is planted at water surface floating, water plants accounts for 40 ~ 50% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area, is uniformly distributed, and is conducive to the unblocked plug of current in shrimp ditch;
B, ridge end face Planting Crops;
A, site preparation and fertilization: combine arrangement arable land and part fertilizer is applied as base manure, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 50-100kg, urea 8 ~ 20kg, superphosphate 25 ~ 70kg, potassium chloride 2 ~ 14kg;
B, the first season crop: May ~ early June, carry out corn or the stronger crop seeding of the resistance such as sesame or soybean, adopt first nursery to transplant during maize planting or the mode of bunch planting is carried out, 1 maize seedling or sowing 2 ~ 3 maize seeds are transplanted in every cave, and planting density is at 4000 ~ 5000 plants/acre again; Sesame adopts the mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, and planting density is at 7000 ~ 8000 plants/acre; Soybean takes the mode of bunch planting to sow, every bunch planting 2 ~ 3, and planting density is at 10000 ~ 12000 plants/acre;
C, the second season crop: at late August to late September harvesting corn or sesame or soybean; To late September ~ early October, sowing leguminous green manure or rape; Leguminous green manure adopts Hairy vetch or common vetch, and take the mode of broadcasting sowing, seeding quantity is 3 ~ 6kg/ mu; Rape adopts first nursery to transplant again or the mode of broadcasting sowing is carried out, and planting density is at 6000 ~ 8000 plants/acre; Leguminous green manure or rape were gathered in the crops in 3 ~ May of next year;
D, field management: ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, the row of guaranteeing can fill with; The in good time thinning of field management routinely, final singling; Intertill and clean tillage; See that seedling manages, control is short to be combined, and topdresses in good time; Corn topdressed by 4kg/ mu urea and 6kg/ mu urea respectively in seedling stage and booting stage; Common vetch treats that Miao Qihou imposes superphosphate 15kg/ mu, urea 5kg/ mu; Sesame topdresses by 5kg/ mu urea at bud stage; Rape after its seedling is neat, according to 20kg/ mu urea, 40kg/ mu superphosphate, 2kg/ mu potassium chloride topdresses, and at elongation, topdresses by 10kg/ mu urea; Soybean was topdressed according to 3.5kg/ mu urea in the flower pod phase; Press 20kg/ mu urea at rape seedling, 40kg/ mu superphosphate, 2kg/ mu potassium chloride topdresses, and at elongation, topdresses according to 10kg/ mu urea.
CN201510722423.9A 2015-10-31 2015-10-31 A kind of method for improving land utilization ratio under the common operation mode of rice shrimp Expired - Fee Related CN105230309B (en)

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Cited By (11)

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CN106665425A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-17 卢志旭 Method for breeding Wuchang breams in ecological environmental protection mode
CN106717923A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-31 贵州黔农农业科技有限公司 Plant the implantation methods of pea in husky hillside fields
CN106941988A (en) * 2017-05-15 2017-07-14 马鞍山农腾生态农业科技发展有限公司 One seed shrimp, paddy rice, barley continuous cropping ecological circulation breeding new model
CN107125175A (en) * 2017-05-15 2017-09-05 马鞍山农腾生态农业科技发展有限公司 One seed shrimp, paddy rice, turnip type rape continuous cropping ecological circulation breeding new model
CN108370980A (en) * 2018-04-12 2018-08-07 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 A kind of method of rice shrimp ecologic breeding
CN109526828A (en) * 2019-01-16 2019-03-29 张魁 A kind of cultural method of lotus rhizome field intercropping cray
CN110692461A (en) * 2019-09-23 2020-01-17 华中农业大学 Rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method based on field ecological pond
CN110692466A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-17 华中农业大学 Soil improving, high yield and efficiency increasing method for rice and shrimp co-farming
CN111684888A (en) * 2020-07-08 2020-09-22 广州品客科技有限公司 CNT natural agricultural method active soil technology
CN112772321A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-11 浙江大学 Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, crayfish and rana nigromaculata
CN114885874A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-08-12 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 Shrimp and rice mushroom circular planting and breeding method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN106665425A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-17 卢志旭 Method for breeding Wuchang breams in ecological environmental protection mode
CN106665425B (en) * 2016-11-30 2020-07-14 卢志旭 Ecological environment-friendly method for breeding megalobrama amblycephala
CN106717923A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-31 贵州黔农农业科技有限公司 Plant the implantation methods of pea in husky hillside fields
CN107125175A (en) * 2017-05-15 2017-09-05 马鞍山农腾生态农业科技发展有限公司 One seed shrimp, paddy rice, turnip type rape continuous cropping ecological circulation breeding new model
CN106941988B (en) * 2017-05-15 2019-11-22 马鞍山农腾生态农业科技发展有限公司 One seed shrimp, rice, barley continuous cropping ecological circulation breeding new model
CN106941988A (en) * 2017-05-15 2017-07-14 马鞍山农腾生态农业科技发展有限公司 One seed shrimp, paddy rice, barley continuous cropping ecological circulation breeding new model
CN108370980A (en) * 2018-04-12 2018-08-07 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 A kind of method of rice shrimp ecologic breeding
CN109526828A (en) * 2019-01-16 2019-03-29 张魁 A kind of cultural method of lotus rhizome field intercropping cray
CN110692461A (en) * 2019-09-23 2020-01-17 华中农业大学 Rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method based on field ecological pond
CN110692461B (en) * 2019-09-23 2021-11-26 华中农业大学 Rice and shrimp co-culture planting and breeding method based on field ecological pond
CN110692466A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-17 华中农业大学 Soil improving, high yield and efficiency increasing method for rice and shrimp co-farming
CN111684888A (en) * 2020-07-08 2020-09-22 广州品客科技有限公司 CNT natural agricultural method active soil technology
CN112772321A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-11 浙江大学 Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, crayfish and rana nigromaculata
CN112772321B (en) * 2020-12-31 2022-04-19 浙江大学 Comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, crayfish and rana nigromaculata
CN114885874A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-08-12 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 Shrimp and rice mushroom circular planting and breeding method

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