CN105230309B - A kind of method for improving land utilization ratio under the common operation mode of rice shrimp - Google Patents
A kind of method for improving land utilization ratio under the common operation mode of rice shrimp Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230309B CN105230309B CN201510722423.9A CN201510722423A CN105230309B CN 105230309 B CN105230309 B CN 105230309B CN 201510722423 A CN201510722423 A CN 201510722423A CN 105230309 B CN105230309 B CN 105230309B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for improving land utilization ratio under the common operation mode of rice shrimp, its step is：A, annular ditch transplanting water plant；In May ~ July, black algae or hornwort or bog pondweed are transplanted in annular ditch and sinks water-based water plant, harmony dish is planted in limes marginis, plant water hyacinth or water peanut in water surface floating.B, ridge top surface Planting Crops；A, site preparation and fertilization：Part fertilizer is made into base manure application with reference to arable land is arranged；B, first season crop：In May ~ early June, the stronger crop seeding of the resistance such as corn or sesame or soybean is carried out；C, second season crop：In late August to late September harvesting corn or sesame or soybean；To late September ~ early October, leguminous green manure or rape are sowed；D, field management：Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, it is ensured that can arrange to fill；The routinely in good time thinning of field management, final singling；Tillage and weeding；Seedling management is seen, control promotees to combine, in good time top dressing.The present invention effectively increases the utilization rate in soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural production.More particularly relate to land utilization ratio under a kind of common operation mode of raising rice shrimp
Method.
Background technology
Operation mode is a kind of plant breeding model of comprehensive utilization to rice-shrimp altogether, i.e., after the harvesting of annual semilate rice in 9 ~ October is poured water
Launch or mend to rice field and throw cray seedling and entrusted one's child to the care of sb., harvest ripe cray before rice transplanting in the 3 ~ April in next year, then
Draining site preparation, transplanting semilate rice, and immature juvenile prawn is migrated with water in the shrimp ditch to around rice field, the rehydration after semilate rice tiller,
Juvenile prawn is again introduced into rice field life, the next season maturation cray of harvest before semilate rice harvests.Before the type order only in Hubei Province
Nearly 2,000,000 mu are promoted, the pattern that the survey showed that is averagely per per mu yield value than traditional " rice-oily continuous cropping " pattern or " rice-Mai Lian
Make " pattern more than 3000 yuan of income more, there is good economic and social benefit.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for improving land utilization ratio under the common operation mode of rice shrimp.This method both purified
Water quality, the food of habitat and abundance is provided for cray, compensate for rice-shrimp again, annular is excavated in rice field under operation mode altogether
The grain yield that ditch and field ditch are lost, the vegetation coverage of ridge is improved, reduce the erosion of ridge.One kind improves
The method of land utilization ratio, its step are under the common operation mode of rice-shrimp：
1st, annular ditch transplanting water plant
In May ~ July, the heavy water-based water plant such as black algae or hornwort or bog pondweed is transplanted in annular ditch, in limes marginis kind
Harmony dish is planted, water hyacinth is planted in water surface floating or water peanut, general water plant accounts for the 40 ~ 50% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area,
It is uniformly distributed, is advantageous to the unblocked plug of current in shrimp ditch.
2nd, ridge top surface Planting Crops
2.1 site preparation and fertilization：Part fertilizer is made into base manure application with reference to arable land is arranged, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 50-
100kg, 8 ~ 20kg of urea, 25 ~ 70kg of calcium superphosphate, 2 ~ 14kg of potassium chloride.
2.2 first season crops
In May ~ early June, the stronger crop seeding of the resistance such as corn or sesame or soybean is carried out, adopt during maize planting
Transplanted again with first nursery or the mode of bunch planting is carried out, 2 ~ 3 maize seeds of 1 maize seedling or sowing are transplanted per cave, planting density exists
4000 ~ 5000 plants/acre；Sesame is sowed by the way of broadcasting sowing, and planting density is at 7000 ~ 8000 plants/acre；Soybean takes cave
The mode broadcast is sowed, and per bunch planting 2 ~ 3, planting density is at 10000 ~ 12000 plants/acre.
2.3 second season crops
In late August to late September harvesting corn or sesame or soybean；It is green to late September ~ early October, sowing pulse family
Fertilizer or rape；Leguminous green manure takes the mode of broadcasting sowing, application rate is 3 ~ 6kg/ mus using Hairy vetch or common vetch；Oil
Dish is transplanted again using first nursery or the mode of broadcasting sowing is carried out, and planting density is at 6000 ~ 8000 plants/acre.Leguminous green manure or rape are next
3 ~ May of year harvests.
2.4 field management
Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, it is ensured that can arrange to fill；The routinely in good time thinning of field management, final singling；Tillage and weeding；Seedling management is seen,
Control promotees to combine, in good time top dressing.Corn carries out top dressing by 4kg/ mus urea and 6kg/ mus urea respectively in seedling stage and boot stage；Arrow tongue
Pea imposes the kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate 15, the kg/ mus of urea 5 after full stand.Sesame is chased after in bud stage by 5kg/ mu urea
Fertilizer；Rape is after its full stand, and according to 20kg/ mu urea, 40kg/ mu calcium superphosphate, 2kg/ mus potassium chloride carries out top dressing, in flower bud tongue
Phase, top dressing is carried out by 10kg/ mus urea.Soybean carries out top dressing in the flower pod phase according to 3.5kg/ mus urea；Pressed in rape seedling
20kg/ mu urea, 40kg/ mu calcium superphosphate, 2kg/ mus potassium chloride carry out top dressing, in elongation, entered according to 10kg/ mu urea
Row top dressing.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：
1st, it in annular ditch and limes marginis planting aquatic plants, can not only purify water, growth institute is provided for other biological
Required dissolved oxygen, but also the food of habitat and abundance can be provided for cray, while can also conserve water and soil,
Play a part of Soil Conservation ＆ Revetment.
2nd, ridge top surface plantation cereal crops, it not only compensate for rice field under the common operation mode of rice-shrimp and excavate annular ditch and field
The grain yield that ditch is lost, and the vegetation coverage of ridge top surface is improved, reduce the rain erosion of ridge.
3rd, the leguminous green manure of ridge top surface plantation, acts not only as a kind of small dragon of with high nutritive value forage grass feeding
Shrimp, and can be with improved soil, culture fertility as a kind of excellent biological source of manure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1st, annular ditch transplanting water plant
In mid-May, black algae is transplanted in annular ditch, harmony dish is planted in limes marginis, plants water hyacinth, water plant in water surface floating
The 40% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area is accounted for, is uniformly distributed.
2nd, ridge top surface Planting Crops
2.1 site preparation and fertilization：Part fertilizer made into base manure application with reference to arable land is arranged, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 100kg,
Urea 15kg, calcium superphosphate 70kg, potassium chloride 14kg.
2.2 first season crops
In the first tenday period of a month in May, take direct-seeding maize planting, per bunch planting 2 ~ 3 maize seeds of kind, planting density 4700 plants/
Mu or so.
2.3 second season crops
In early September harvesting corn, late September broadcasts sowing common vetch；The application rate of common vetch is 5kg/ mus, next
Year late March harvesting.
2.4 field management
Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, it is ensured that can arrange to fill；Timely thinning, final singling, tillage and weeding；Seedling management is seen, control promotees to combine, chased after in good time
Fertilizer.Corn carries out top dressing by 4kg/ mus urea and 6kg/ mus urea respectively in seedling stage and boot stage；Common vetch chases after after full stand
Apply the kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate 15, the kg/ mus of urea 5.
Embodiment 2
1st, annular ditch transplanting water plant
In late May, bog pondweed is transplanted in annular ditch, harmony dish is planted in limes marginis, plants water peanut, aquatic plant in water surface floating
Thing accounts for the 45% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area, is uniformly distributed.
2nd, ridge top surface Planting Crops
2.1 site preparation and fertilization：Part fertilizer is made into base manure application with reference to arable land is arranged, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 50kg, urine
Plain 12kg, calcium superphosphate 25kg, potassium chloride 10kg.
2.2 first season crops
In mid-May, the mode of broadcasting sowing is taken to plant sesame, planting density is at 7500 plants/acre or so.
2.3 second season crops
Sesame is harvested in early September, plants rape by the way of broadcasting sowing in early September, rapeseed cultivation density is 8000
Plant/acre or so, gathered in the first tenday period of a month May in next year.
2.4 field management
Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, it is ensured that can arrange to fill；Timely thinning, final singling, tillage and weeding；Seedling management is seen, control promotees to combine, chased after in good time
Fertilizer.Sesame carries out top dressing in bud stage by 5kg/ mus urea；Rape is after its full stand, according to 20kg/ mu urea, 40kg/ mu mistakes
Calcium phosphate, 2kg/ mus potassium chloride carry out top dressing, and in elongation, top dressing is carried out by 10kg/ mus urea.
Embodiment 3
1st, annular ditch transplanting water plant
In early June, hornwort, limes marginis plantation harmony dish, in water surface aquaculture water peanut, water plant are transplanted in annular ditch
The 50% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area is accounted for, is uniformly distributed.
2nd, ridge top surface Planting Crops
2.1 site preparation and fertilization：Part fertilizer is made into base manure application with reference to arable land is arranged, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 70kg, urine
Plain 5kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, potassium chloride 12kg.
2.2 first season crops
In early June, bunch planting way is taken to plant soybean, per bunch planting 3-4 grains, planting density is at 11000 plants/acre or so.
2.3 second season crops
Soybean is harvested in late September；Rape is planted by the way of being transplanted again using first nursery in early October, planting density exists
7500 plants/acre or so, rape gathers in late April in next year.
2.4 field management
Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, it is ensured that can arrange to fill；Timely thinning, final singling, tillage and weeding；Seedling management is seen, control promotees to combine, chased after in good time
Fertilizer.Soybean carries out top dressing in the flower pod phase according to 3.5kg/ mus urea；20kg/ mu urea, 40kg/ mu peroxophosphoric acid are pressed in rape seedling
Calcium, 2kg/ mus potassium chloride carry out top dressing, and in elongation, top dressing is carried out according to 10kg/ mus urea.
Operation mode need to be engineered to rice field progress in advance altogether for rice shrimp, i.e., excavates endless totally enclosed annular in rice field surrounding
Ditch, the larger field of area, it should also excavate the field ditch of " one " font or " ten " font or " well " font.The standard one of annular ditch
As be：Wide 2.5~4.0m suitable for reading, the lower wide 1~1.5m of mouth, deep 1.2~1.5m；Field 1.5 ~ 2.5m of furrow width, deep 0.5~0.8m,
The gross area of ditch accounts for the 8% ~ 12% of rice field area；In addition, the soil dug out is reinforced while excavating annular ditch, widen, increased
Ridge, general ridge are highly higher by 0.6 ~ 0.8m of field face, wide more than the 3m of top surface, and ridge top surface area accounts for the 8.0% of rice field area
More than.
Construction criteria：Technical standard and construction specification.
Technical standard：4 meters of shrimp ditch top width, 2 meters of bottom width, 1.5 meters of depth.Peripheral 6 meters of ridge bottom width, 3 meters of top width.Inside enclose ridge bottom width
60cm, top width 40cm, high 50cm.
Construction specification：It is respectively 150 meters of field by length and width（33.7 mu）Calculated, start to dig away from 6 meters around rice field
Shrimp ditch, the earthwork dug out build the peripheral ridge and Nei Weigeng for ditch both sides, do not dig shrimp ditch in the field Jiao Chu for closing on tractor road one side and stay
The mechanical work passage of 3-4 rice, formed from outside to inside by the peripheral ridge, shrimp ditch, it is interior enclose the ridge and rice workspace form it is endless totally-enclosed
" returning " character form structure.
Dug area accounts for 11.8%.
Because rice field annular ditch and the area of field ditch account for the 8% ~ 12% of rice field area under rice shrimp altogether operation mode, reduce
Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area, and 1 year only one season of kind semilate rice, therefore the pattern significantly reduces land utilization ratio, reduce grain production
Amount.Ridge is mainly that the rice field subsoil dug out by annular ditch is built up, and soil depletion is structural poor, while erect
The ridge gradient is larger, and rain erosion easily occurs.
The present invention in annular ditch by planting the side such as cray edible water plant, ridge top surface plantation cereal crops
Formula, effectively increase the utilization rate in soil；The water plant planted in annular ditch has not only purified water quality, is provided for other biological
Dissolved oxygen necessary to growth, and habitat and sufficient food are provided for cray, while can also play solid
The effect of native shore protection；Ridge top surface plantation drought resisting, resist the stronger crops of resistance such as barren, not only compensate for rice shrimp and make mould altogether
The grain yield that annular ditch is excavated in rice field under formula and field ditch is lost, and the vegetation coverage of ridge is improved, reduce
The rain erosion of ridge.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for improving land utilization ratio under the common operation mode of rice shrimp, its step are：
A, annular ditch transplanting water plant；
In May ~ July, black algae or hornwort or bog pondweed are transplanted in annular ditch and sinks water-based water plant, harmony is planted in limes marginis
Dish, plant water hyacinth in water surface floating or water peanut, water plant account for the 40 ~ 50% of annular ditch and the field ditch gross area, be uniformly distributed,
Be advantageous to the unblocked plug of current in annular ditch；
B, ridge top surface Planting Crops；
A, site preparation and fertilization：Part fertilizer is made into base manure application with reference to arable land is arranged, according to every mu of organic fertilizer 50-100kg, urea
8 ~ 20kg, 25 ~ 70kg of calcium superphosphate, 2 ~ 14kg of potassium chloride；
B, first season crop：In May ~ early June, corn or sesame or the stronger crop seeding of soybean resistance, plantation are carried out
During corn using first nursery transplant again or bunch planting by the way of carry out, per cave transplant 1 maize seedling or sowing 2 ~ 3 maize seeds, kind
Density in planting is at 4000 ~ 5000 plants/acre；Sesame is sowed by the way of broadcasting sowing, and planting density is at 7000 ~ 8000 plants/acre；Greatly
Beans take the mode of bunch planting to be sowed, and per bunch planting 2 ~ 3, planting density is at 10000 ~ 12000 plants/acre；
C, second season crop：In late August to late September harvesting corn or sesame or soybean；To late September ~ early October, broadcast
Kind leguminous green manure or rape；Leguminous green manure takes the mode of broadcasting sowing using Hairy vetch or common vetch, and application rate is 3 ~
6kg/ mus；Rape is transplanted again using first nursery or the mode of broadcasting sowing is carried out, and planting density is at 6000 ~ 8000 plants/acre；Leguminous green manure or
Rape harvests in 3 ~ May of next year；
D, field management：Ditch railway carriage or compartment is supporting, it is ensured that can arrange to fill；The routinely in good time thinning of field management, final singling；Tillage and weeding；See
Seedling management, control promote to combine, in good time top dressing；Corn is chased after by 4kg/ mus urea and 6kg/ mu urea respectively in seedling stage and boot stage
Fertilizer；Common vetch imposes the kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate 15, the kg/ mus of urea 5 after full stand；Sesame presses 5kg/ mu urea in bud stage
Carry out top dressing；Rape carries out top dressing after its full stand, according to 20kg/ mus urea, 40kg/ mus calcium superphosphate, 2kg/ mus potassium chloride,
In elongation, top dressing is carried out by 10kg/ mus urea；Soybean carries out top dressing in the flower pod phase according to 3.5kg/ mus urea.
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| CN201510722423.9A CN105230309B (en) | 2015-10-31 | 2015-10-31 | A kind of method for improving land utilization ratio under the common operation mode of rice shrimp |
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| CN105230309B true CN105230309B (en) | 2018-01-05 |
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