CN111820091A - Rice, turtle and duck combined three-dimensional planting and breeding method - Google Patents
Rice, turtle and duck combined three-dimensional planting and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820091A CN111820091A CN202010489676.7A CN202010489676A CN111820091A CN 111820091 A CN111820091 A CN 111820091A CN 202010489676 A CN202010489676 A CN 202010489676A CN 111820091 A CN111820091 A CN 111820091A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice-turtle-duck co-culture three-dimensional planting and breeding method, which comprises the steps of breeding Chinese turtles and ducks in a rice field, planting rice on soil by taking a rice field as an ecological circle, breeding the Chinese turtles under the water surface and breeding the ducks on the water surface; the method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a three-dimensional planting field block; 2) field engineering; 3) selecting varieties; 4) a rice machine transplanting production technology; 5) ecologically feeding the rice field turtles; 6) the duck is used for ecological breeding. The invention realizes three-dimensional planting and breeding of rice, soft-shelled turtle and duck, and obviously improves economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agricultural ecological breeding system, in particular to a three-dimensional planting and breeding method for rice, soft-shelled turtle and duck.
Background
With the improvement of living standard of people, the social requirement on food safety is higher and higher, and high-quality agricultural products are gradually favored by middle-high-end consumers. Traditional agriculture (represented by rice planting) has low benefit, high danger (poisoning is easy during pesticide application), high labor cost and serious ecological damage. The number of operators is less and less, and the basic farmland is rejected or moved to other uses more seriously. At present, most of southern China is in a single rice cropping mode, due to the fact that a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used, the ecological environment of a farmland is seriously affected by continuous cropping for many years, the comprehensive functions of a rice field cannot be fully exerted, resources cannot be fully utilized, the production function, the breeding function and the ecological function of the paddy field are greatly exerted by rice and duck farming, and certain benefits are generated. The rice-duck farming method is a research subject on how to effectively utilize the water surface under the ecological circle to generate more obvious economic benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-dimensional rice-turtle-duck farming planting and breeding method which takes a rice-duck farming paddy field as an ecological circle and effectively utilizes the water surface to generate more obvious economic benefit aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention achieves the technical aim through the following technical scheme.
The improved three-dimensional planting and breeding method for rice, soft-shelled turtle and duck comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) breeding Chinese softshell turtles and ducks in a rice field, planting rice on soil by taking the rice field as an ecological circle, breeding the Chinese softshell turtles under the water surface and breeding the ducks on the water surface; the method comprises the following steps:
1) selection of stereo planting field block
Selecting a paddy field block which is free of pollution, rich in water resource, good in water quality, convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in terrain, connected in a square mode and clay as bottom soil of a paddy field as a three-dimensional planting field block; the three-dimensional planting field block is a drainage and irrigation self-forming system and is not influenced by water, fertilizer application and pesticide application of nearby farmlands; the area of the three-dimensional planting field block is not less than 30 mu;
2) engineering of field
2.1) ditching and ridging
Annular ditches with the opening surface width of 3.0-3.5 m, the bottom width of 2.0-3.0 m and the ditch depth of 1.0-1.5 m are dug at the inner sides of the ridges around the three-dimensional planting and raising block; building a sand beach on the inner side of the annular ditch; reinforcing, heightening and widening the three-dimensional planting block ridge, and tamping layer by layer, wherein the three-dimensional planting block ridge is 0.7-0.9 m higher than the field surface, and the top width is 1.0-1.5 m;
2.2) building escape-proof facilities
Anti-escape facilities for preventing enemy organisms from entering and turtles from escaping outwards are built on the three-dimensional planting field block ridges;
2.3) installing the deinsectization lamp
Installing a solar insect killing lamp in each 10-15 mu of the three-dimensional planting field block, and starting the solar insect killing lamp in the period of planting rice in the three-dimensional planting field block;
2.4) building the duck shed
In the three-dimensional planting field block, every 9-11 mu is an isolation square, and a ridge edge of each isolation square is built by 8-10 m2The simple duck shed comprises 3-5 m of simple duck shed sides surrounded by nylon nets2So that the ducklings adapt to the initial placement area of the environment;
2.5) sterilizing three-dimensional planting and raising field block
According to 80-100 kg/667m of quick lime2Adding water into the dosage of the compound fertilizer, sprinkling the mixture into the three-dimensional planting field block for disinfection when the mixture is hot after being dissolved, and injecting clear water after 10 days to submerge the surface of the field in the three-dimensional planting field block;
3) variety selection
3.1) selection of Rice varieties
The rice variety is selected to have good taste quality, compact plant type, strong disease resistance, good lodging resistance, less fertilizer demand and good high yield;
3.2) selection of Duck breed
Selecting the duck variety with moderate size, wide adaptability, strong vitality, long field activity time, large activity amount, wild organism addiction and high survival rate, wherein the stocking amount is 15-18 ducks per mu;
3.3) selection of turtle variety
Selecting the trionyx sinensis variety, and stocking 80-100 rice plants per mu after the rice survives;
4) rice machine transplanting production technology
4.1) cultivating seedlings
4.1.1) seedbed preparation
Selecting soil with clean water source, convenient irrigation and no pollution as a seedbed;
4.1.2) nutrient soil preparation
Selecting vegetable garden or rice soil which is free of impurities and pollution and fertile in soil, crushing, sieving by using a sieve with the diameter of 5mm, and preparing fine soil according to 120 kg per mu of land in the stereoscopic planting field block, wherein 100 kg of fine soil is used as bed soil, and 20 kg of fine soil is used as seed covering soil; 0.5-0.8 kg of rice seedling strengthening agent is added into 100 kg of bed soil and uniformly stirred, and after sieving, film covering and stacking are carried out for curing;
4.1.3) fine-making seedling plate
Feeding water into a paddy field and harrowing the soil 25-30 days before sowing, and ditching and making a seedling plate; draining and airing the seedling plate after the seedling plate is made, so that the surface of the seedling plate is sunk, shoveling the seedling plate to compensate for the height 2-3 days before sowing, filling up cracks, and fully patting the seedling plate;
4.1.4) preparation of materials
25-30 soft or hard seedling raising disks or hard disks special for mechanical rice transplanting are prepared for each mu of the field, and non-woven fabrics with the length of 4-5 m and the width of 1.6-1.7 m are prepared;
4.1.5) seed treatment of Rice
Sunning the rice variety selected in the step 3.1) for 1-2 days before sowing, then soaking the rice variety selected in the step 3.1) in a solution with the volume of 600-800 times that of the fenpropathrin wettable powder or a solution with the volume of 300-400 times that of the 17% fenpropathrin wettable powder for 48 hours, and directly sowing or accelerating germination and sowing without washing after soaking;
4.1.6) precision sowing in due period
Determining planting date according to rising stubble and early and late, and preparing 3-3.5 kg of rice seeds treated in the step 4.1.5) per mu of the field;
4.1.7) flow line seeding
Selecting a sowing flow line suitable for japonica rice blanket seedling mechanical transplanting to perform the sowing of the rice seeds processed in the step 4.1.5), wherein the bottom soil is 2.0cm, the sowing amount is 140-150 g of rice sprouts on each seedling tray, the seed covering soil is 3-5 mm thick, and no rice seeds are seen;
4.1.8) spreading, covering non-woven fabrics and watering
After sowing, transporting the seedling trays obtained in the step 4.1.7) to a seedling bed laying tray and covering a non-woven fabric, wherein the two seedling trays are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other when the seedling trays are laid, and the trays are compact and have no gap; after the seedling plates are paved, 1 reed stalk is flatly placed every 30cm along the longitudinal direction of the seedling plates in the step 4.1.3), or a seedling rope with the height of 10-15 cm is pulled at the central position of the seedling plates in the step 4.1.3), then the non-woven fabrics in the step 4.1.4) are covered, and the periphery is sealed; covering the non-woven fabric in the step 4.1.4), filling the non-woven fabric with primary ditch leveling water, wetting the seedling plate in the step 4.1.3), and then draining water; cutting a horizontal notch on the seedling plate in the step 4.1.3);
4.1.9) management of rice seedling beds
4.1.9.1) pipe water
After seedling aligning, tearing off the non-woven fabric in the evening of a sunny day or 8-9 am of a cloudy day, and irrigating once flat furrow water to cause sufficient water seepage; then keeping the dish surface moist, and supplementing water in case of water shortage; 3-4 days before transplanting, controlling water and hardening seedlings;
4.1.9.2) topdressing
Topdressing is not carried out when the leaf color is not obvious, a light water layer is established in the evening according to 2 g of urea per plate when the leaf color is obvious, and fine soil is mixed for uniform spreading;
4.1.9.3) Pest control
Alternately using 20g of 25% pymetrozine or 20 kg of 50% phenthoate emulsifiable concentrate in 100ml of water every 2-3 days for prevention and treatment;
4.2) one-time fertilization
400kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to every 667 square meters in the field;
4.3) finely preparing the soil
Mechanically cleaning stubbles and finishing the field to achieve the purpose of leveling the field surface, wherein the difference of the height of the whole field is not more than 3cm, the hardness of the surface soil is moderate, and the field surface has no weeds and impurities; settling for 1-2 days and keeping a shallow water layer for transplanting rice seedlings;
4.4) mechanical transplanting
The carpet seedlings in the field are planted in a mechanical mode, 1.5-1.8 ten thousand holes are planted per mu, and 6-8 ten thousand basic seedlings are planted; the planting direction is consistent with the direction of the duck used in service to land;
4.5) Secondary fertilization
In the growth process of the paddy rice in the field, 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the concentration of 45 percent is applied to each mu of paddy rice;
4.6) slurry management
During the co-operation period, a shallow water layer is established on the field surface, tillering is carried out until the jointing stage, and the water depth of the field surface is kept at 5-8 cm; in 7 th ten days, driving the duck for service to the ditch of the stereoscopic planting field block and airing the duck for field 1 time from the critical leaf age of effective tillering to the jointing stage, and keeping the water depth of the field surface to be 15-20 cm after airing the field; gradually reducing the water level to 20cm below the surface of the three-dimensional planting field block field after 20 days before the rice in the field is harvested;
4.7) disease and insect control
4.8) Rice harvesting
Completing harvesting of rice in the field at 11 months; slowly draining water and drying the field 15 days before harvesting; mechanical harvesting, wherein the straws are crushed and returned to the field during harvesting, and green manure is planted after land preparation;
5) ecological breeding method for rice field soft-shelled turtles
5.1) stocking the Chinese softshell turtle
After 10 days of rice transplanting in the field, the seedlings of the threo-system Chinese softshell turtles are transported to the edges of the three-dimensional planting field blocks, and are soaked and disinfected for 8-15 min by using 2.5% saline solution; soaking the seeds in a solution of 1% saline solution and 1: 1 baking soda for 20-30 min; finally, placing the seeds to the water side of the field, and allowing the threo Chinese softshell turtle seeds to climb into the water by self;
5.2) feed feeding
Feeding the feed twice at 9-11 am and 5-6 pm every day;
5.3) daily management
5.3.1) Water level control
Regulating and controlling field water level according to the conventional management requirements of rice water slurry;
5.3.2) Water quality management
In a high-temperature season of 7-9 months, changing water 1-2 times per week, wherein the water changing height is 15cm each time; changing water once every 10-15 days at other time, wherein the water changing height is 9-11 cm; the transparency of the water body is controlled to be 30-40 cm on the whole;
5.3.3) Water Disinfection
Every 15-20 days, splashing 1 time around the circular ditch after dissolving quicklime in water at a rate of 10-15 kilograms per 667 square meter;
5.3.4) inspection of ponds
5.3.5) catching
After the rice in the field is harvested, the threo-series Chinese softshell turtles grow to 500-600 g and are gradually captured;
6) ecological breeding method for active ducks
6.1) centralized brooding
The young ducks of the working ducks are placed in a brooding room at 28-30 ℃ for centralized brooding, and the room temperature is gradually reduced along with the increase of the brooding day age until the brooding days are adaptive to the external temperature; boiling water within 20 hours after the brooding period, boiling water for 15min, and boiling green 3-4 days after the brooding period; preparing 1 per mill of 2 percent ciprofloxacin hydrochloride aqueous solution by drinking water for 3 days continuously; simultaneously feeding complete feed or commercial duck feed, and feeding the green fodder separately for 4-6 times every day; the feeding density per square meter is controlled within 50, and the feeding amount per group is controlled within 150; brooding for 10 days;
6.2) domesticating ducklings
6.2.1) Water taming requirement
Domesticating 1-day-old ducklings in sunny days, wherein the depth of a water pool is 15-20 cm, and one side of the water pool is provided with a 28-32-degree inclined plane; if not, postponing to 3 days old for water domestication step by step;
6.2.2) number of times of domesticating water
Twice a day, carrying out first domesticating from 45 minutes to 15 minutes at 10 o 'clock at 9 o' clock, enabling all the ducklings to catch up to the bank, and combing the feathers to rest under the sunlight; the second water training time is between 2 o 'clock 45 minutes and 3 o' clock 15 minutes in the afternoon, and the time in water is controlled in such a way that the ducklings can freely move in the water and leave water hair shafts;
6.2.3) Water taming Standard
The duckling fluff is damp and cannot exceed a half, and more than a half of the duckling is selected and dried in a greenhouse; domesticating the water for 5-7 days;
6.3) stocking the working ducks
The ducklings trained for 5-7 days through water domestication are placed in the primary placement area for stocking after 15 days of mechanical seedling transplanting in the field; the ducklings are bred in a concentrated mode according to sizes, classified management is carried out, and 15-20 ducklings are bred in each mu;
6.4) management of feeding
6.4.1) principle of feeding
Feeding in a limited amount, namely feeding 7-8 layers of the chicken;
6.4.2) feeding stage
In the duckling stage, feeding and supplementing materials for 3 times in the morning, at noon and at night within 15 days after the rice field is put in the field for stocking; in the stage of medium duck, when the ducklings grow to 0.5kg, the feed feeding times are respectively 1 time in the morning and the evening or only 1 time in the evening, and if the feed feeding times are respectively 1 time in the morning and the evening, the feeding amount is small in the morning and sufficient in the evening; the feed is mainly wheat and blighted rice, and is matched with a duck mixture; in the fattening stage, the serving ducks are fattened and strengthened in the field 15-20 days before ear emergence of rice in the field, the feeding times are 2-3 times per day, the finished duck granulated feed is taken as a main material, and wheat and broken rice are matched;
6.5) three-proofing of duck for service "
6.5.1) epidemic prevention
Before entering the field, completing the work of avian influenza prime and Escherichia coli immunization; secondly, after the working ducks enter the field, disinfecting duck houses and injecting avian influenza vaccine for 1-2 times;
6.5.2) preventing poisoning
Preventing the inflow or the infiltration of the pesticide sewage around and removing the corpse sundries in the field in time; once the phenomenon of batch duck death caused by botulinum toxin poisoning is found, ducks in a poisoning area are timely driven to a safe environment for isolated observation;
6.5.3) heatstroke prevention
In a high-temperature season, keeping the water layer of the field of the three-dimensional planting field blocks at 10-15 cm;
6.6) Duck harvesting
When the rice in the field begins to spike, the serving duck is recovered from the field for processing and selling or continuously fattened selectively, or young female ducks are selected from the field to breed egg ducks for value increase.
In the above technical solution, preferably, in the step 3.1), the rice variety is selected from one or more of nanjing 9108, yangjing 805, nanjing 5055, ningjing 8, yangjing 239, and suxiangjing 3.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the duck variety selected in step 3.2) is one or more of Gaoyou sheldrake, Zhenjiang sheldrake, Shaoxing sheldrake and Chaohu sheldrake.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the threo Chinese soft-shelled turtle selected in the step 3.3) is strong in body quality, smooth and clean in body surface, free of injuries, fat in body, wide in body size and strong in vitality.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
1. the invention is used for cultivating Chinese soft-shelled turtles and ducks in the rice field, the rice field is used as an ecological circle, rice is planted on the soil, Chinese soft-shelled turtles are cultivated under the water surface, ducks are cultivated on the water surface, and by adopting the invention, the effective utilization is also carried out under the water surface, the three-dimensional cultivation of rice, soft-shelled turtles and ducks in a combined mode is realized, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
2. The rice variety is selected from one or more of Nanjing 9108, Yangjing 805, Nanjing 5055, Ningjing 8, Yangjing 239 and Suxiangjing 3, and has the advantages of good taste quality, compact plant type, stronger disease resistance, better lodging resistance, less fertilizer requirement, more appropriate growth period and better high yield.
3. The duck variety is selected from one or more of Gaoyou sheldrake, Zhenjiang sheldrake, Shaoxing sheldrake and Chaohu sheldrake, and has moderate body type, wide adaptability, strong vitality, long field activity time, large activity amount, preference for wild organisms and high survival rate.
4. The selected threo Chinese soft-shelled turtle has the advantages of strong body quality, smooth and clean body surface, no injury, body fat, wide body, strong vitality, stronger viability and better benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
This embodiment selects two adjacent fields to breed the contrast: and performing rice-duck co-culture planting in the first land, and performing three-dimensional rice-turtle-duck co-culture planting in the second land. The selected field is a rice field which has no pollution, rich water resource, good water quality, convenient irrigation and drainage, flat terrain, connected squares and pieces and takes the bottom soil of the paddy field as clay; the selected field is self-made into a system, is not influenced by water, fertilizer and pesticide application of nearby farmlands, and has good water, electric, road and communication conditions.
The first plot is 30 mu, and rice and duck co-culture is carried out according to the prior art, wherein the rice variety is Nanjing 9108, and the duck variety is Gaoyou sheldrake.
The second plot is 30 mu (in other embodiments, the second plot is more than 30 mu), and the three-dimensional co-culture of the rice, the soft-shelled turtle and the ducks is carried out according to the following steps:
1) selection of stereo planting field block
And selecting the second land as a stereoscopic planting field block.
2) Engineering of field
2.1) ditching and ridging
Annular ditches with the opening surface width of 3.0-3.5 m, the bottom width of 2.0-3.0 m and the ditch depth of 1.0-1.5 m are dug at the inner sides of the ridges around the three-dimensional planting and raising block; building a sand beach beside the inner side of the circular ditch for the back drying of the threo-system Chinese soft-shelled turtles raised later; reinforcing, heightening and widening the three-dimensional planting block ridge by using soil for digging a circular ditch (in other embodiments, reinforcing, heightening and widening the three-dimensional planting block ridge by using other soil), tamping layer by layer, wherein the three-dimensional planting block ridge is 0.7-0.9 m higher than the field surface, and the top of the three-dimensional planting block ridge is 1.0-1.5 m wide; when the three-dimensional planting block ridge is reinforced, each layer of soil is tamped to prevent the ridge from collapsing due to water seepage or storm.
2.2) building escape-proof facilities
Anti-escape facilities for preventing enemy organisms from entering and turtles from escaping outwards are built on the three-dimensional planting field block ridges; the escape-proof facilities on the ridges are made of plastic films, thick plastic films or asbestos tiles and the like, the base part of the escape-proof facilities is buried 0.2-0.3 m into the earth, the top end of the escape-proof facilities is 0.8m higher than the ridge surface, and the escape-proof facilities are supported and fixed by timber piles every 2 m. The water inlet and outlet are surrounded by steel wire net or iron fence to prevent harmful living things from entering and the soft-shelled turtle from escaping outwards. At the water inlet, the water is filtered by a long mesh bag with 20 meshes.
2.3) installing the deinsectization lamp
Installing a solar insect killing lamp in each 10-15 mu of the three-dimensional planting field block, and starting the solar insect killing lamp in the period of planting rice in the three-dimensional planting field block;
2.4) building the duck shed
In the three-dimensional planting field block, each 10 mu is an isolation square (in other embodiments, each 9 mu to 11 mu is an isolation square), and a ridge edge of each isolation square is built to be 8 to 10m2The simple duck shed is used as a place for feeding, resting and avoiding severe weather such as storm and the like for the service ducks. The material uses wood as the pile, the plastic net as the backing plate (in other embodiments, bamboo sheets as the backing plate), the smallpox uses fir bark to shade the sun and rain, and a slope bridge is built for the ducks to go up and down. Each rice field beside the simple duck shed is surrounded by a nylon net3～5m2So that the ducklings adapt to the initial placement area of the environment;
2.5) sterilizing three-dimensional planting and raising field block
According to 80 kg/667m of quicklime2The dosage of the above-mentioned raw materials is added with water (in other embodiments, according to quicklime 100 kg/667 m)2Adding water to the amount of the water, sprinkling the water into the three-dimensional planting field block for disinfection while the water is hot after dissolution, and injecting clear water after 10 days to submerge the surface of the field in the three-dimensional planting field block;
3) variety selection
3.1) selection of Rice varieties
The rice variety is selected from rice varieties with good taste quality, compact plant type, strong disease resistance, good lodging resistance, less fertilizer requirement and good yield, in the embodiment, the rice variety is selected from Nanjing 9108 (in other embodiments, the rice variety is selected from one or more of Yangjing 805, Nanjing 5055, Ningjing 8, Yangjing 239 and Suxiangjing 3).
3.2) selection of Duck breed
The duck variety is selected from the working ducks which are moderate in body size, wide in adaptability, strong in vitality, long in field activity time, large in activity amount, addicted to wild organisms and high in survival rate. The stocking amount is 15 per mu (in other embodiments, the stocking amount is 18 per mu).
3.3) selection of turtle variety
The selected Su-line Chinese soft shell turtle is strong in quality, smooth and free of damage to the body surface, fat in body, wide in body and strong in vitality (in other embodiments, the selected Su-line Chinese soft shell turtle is not limited by the conditions). 80 rice plants are put in the field after the rice plants survive in one mu (in other examples, 100 rice plants are put in the field after the rice plants survive in one mu).
4) Rice machine transplanting production technology
4.1) cultivating seedlings
4.1.1) seedbed preparation
Selecting soil with clean water source, convenient irrigation and no pollution as a seedbed; the ratio of 1:80 is sufficient.
4.1.2) nutrient soil preparation
Selecting vegetable garden or rice soil which is free of impurities and pollution and fertile in soil, crushing, sieving by using a sieve with the diameter of 5mm, and preparing fine soil according to 120 kg per mu of land in the stereoscopic planting field block, wherein 100 kg of fine soil is used as bed soil, and 20 kg of fine soil is used as seed covering soil; 0.5kg of rice machine transplanting and strengthening agent is added into 100 kg of bed soil and is uniformly mixed (in other embodiments, 0.8kg of rice machine transplanting and strengthening agent is added into 100 kg of bed soil and is uniformly mixed), and the mixture is sieved, coated, piled and aged.
4.1.3) fine-making seedling plate
Feeding water into a paddy field and harrowing the soil 25-30 days before sowing, and ditching and making a seedling plate; the net width of the ridge surface is 1.4-1.5 m, the furrow width is 0.35-0.4 m, the furrow depth is 0.15 m, the peripheral furrow width is 0.3 m, and the depth is 0.25 m. Draining and airing the seedling plate after the seedling plate is made, so that the surface of the seedling plate is sunk, shoveling the seedling plate to compensate for the height 2-3 days before sowing, filling up cracks, and fully patting the seedling plate; the plate surface is solid, flat, smooth and straight.
4.1.4) preparation of materials
25 seedling raising soft disks special for mechanical rice transplanting are prepared for each mu of the field (in other embodiments, 30 soft disks or 25-30 hard disks special for mechanical rice transplanting are prepared for each mu of the field), and non-woven fabrics with the length of 4m and the width of 1.6m are prepared for each mu of the field (in other embodiments, non-woven fabrics with the length of 5m and the width of 1.7m are prepared for each mu of the field);
4.1.5) seed treatment of Rice
And (3) sunning the rice variety selected in the step 3.1) before sowing for 1 day (in other embodiments, sunning the rice variety selected in the step 3.1) before sowing for 2 days), then soaking the rice variety selected in the step 3.1) by using 20% cyhalothrin and cartap wettable powder 600 times liquid (in other embodiments, 20% cyhalothrin and cartap wettable powder 800 times liquid or 17% cartap and ethylicin wettable powder 300-400 times liquid), soaking for 48 hours, and directly sowing (in other embodiments, germination accelerating and sowing) without washing after soaking, so that bakanae disease and aphrodisias disease can be prevented. (ii) a
4.1.6) precision sowing in due period
Determining the planting date according to the rising and late stubble, grasping the seedling age for 15-20 d, generally sowing for 5 months and 22-28 days, and preparing 3-3.5 kg of rice seeds treated in the step 4.1.5) per mu of the field;
4.1.7) flow line seeding
And (3) selecting a sowing production line suitable for japonica rice blanket seedling mechanical transplanting to carry out installation and debugging, and carrying out the sowing of the rice seeds treated in the step 4.1.5), wherein the bottom soil is generally 2.0cm, the water spraying amount is preferably that the bottom soil of the seedling tray absorbs enough water and the bottom of the seedling tray just leaks water, the sowing amount is preferably 140-150 g of rice sprouts of each seedling tray, and the seed covering soil is 3-5 mm thick and is preferably that no rice is seen.
4.1.8) spreading, covering non-woven fabrics and watering
After sowing, transporting the seedling trays obtained in the step 4.1.7) to a seedling bed laying tray and covering a non-woven fabric, wherein the two seedling trays are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other when the seedling trays are laid, and the trays are compact and have no gap; after the seedling plates are paved, 1 reed stalk is flatly placed every 30cm along the longitudinal direction of the seedling plates in the step 4.1.3) (in other embodiments, seedling ropes with the height of 10-15 cm are pulled at the central positions of the seedling plates in the step 4.1.3), then the non-woven fabrics in the step 4.1.4) are covered, and the periphery is sealed; covering the non-woven fabric in the step 4.1.4), irrigating once flat ditch water, wetting the seedling plate in the step 4.1.3), and draining water to facilitate temperature control, moisture preservation and seedling leveling; and 4.1.3) cutting water shortage on the seedling plate to prevent the seedling plate from being submerged in water and root and bud rotting.
4.1.9) management of rice seedling beds
4.1.9.1) pipe water
After seedling aligning, tearing off the non-woven fabric in the evening of a sunny day or 8-9 am of a cloudy day, and irrigating once flat furrow water to cause sufficient water seepage; then keeping the dish surface moist, and supplementing water in case of water shortage; 3 days before transplanting, controlling water and hardening seedlings (in other embodiments, 4 days before transplanting, controlling water and hardening seedlings);
4.1.9.2) topdressing
Topdressing is not carried out when the leaf color is not obvious, a light water layer is established in the evening according to 2 g of urea per plate when the leaf color is obvious, and the topdressing is evenly applied after being mixed with a proper amount of fine soil;
4.1.9.3) Pest control
The control is carried out by alternately using 20g of 25 percent pymetrozine or 20 kg of water mixed with 100ml of 50 percent phenthoate emulsifiable concentrate every 2 days (in other embodiments, 20g of 25 percent pymetrozine or 20 kg of water mixed with 100ml of 50 percent phenthoate emulsifiable concentrate is alternately used every 3 days for control); the "graft" was used 1 day before transplantation (in other examples, the "graft" was used 2 days before transplantation).
4.2) one-time fertilization
400kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to every 667 square meters in the field, and the machine ploughing is carried out uniformly;
4.3) finely preparing the soil
Mechanically cleaning stubbles and finishing the field to achieve the purpose of leveling the field surface, wherein the difference of the height of the whole field is not more than 3cm, the hardness of the surface soil is moderate, and the field surface has no weeds and impurities; compacting for 1 day and keeping a shallow water layer for transplanting rice seedlings (in other embodiments, compacting for 2 days and keeping a shallow water layer for transplanting rice seedlings);
4.4) mechanical transplanting
The carpet seedlings in the field are planted by a machine, 1.5 ten thousand holes are planted per mu (in other embodiments, 1.8 ten thousand holes are planted per mu), and 6 ten thousand basic seedlings are planted (in other embodiments, 8 ten thousand basic seedlings are planted per mu); the planting direction is consistent with the direction of the duck used in service to land;
4.5) Secondary fertilization
In the growth process of the paddy rice in the field, 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the concentration of 45 percent is applied to each mu of paddy rice;
4.6) slurry management
During the co-cultivation period, a shallow water layer is established on the surface of the field, tillering is carried out until the jointing stage, and the water depth of the surface of the field is kept at 5-8 cm, so that ducks can walk in the field conveniently; in 7 th ten days, driving the duck for service to the ditch of the three-dimensional planting field block to air the field for 1 time, and keeping the depth of water on the field surface of the field to be 15-20 cm after the field is aired, so that the threo Chinese soft-shelled turtles can be conveniently foraged in the field; gradually reducing the water level to 20cm below the surface of the three-dimensional planting field block field after 20 days before the rice in the field is harvested;
4.7) disease and insect control
The disease and pest control is carried out according to the principle of tolerating coexistence, mainly following ecological control and assisting physical and biological control.
4.8) Rice harvesting
Completing harvesting of rice in the field at 11 months; slowly draining water and drying the field 15 days before harvesting; mechanical harvesting, wherein the straws are crushed and returned to the field during harvesting, and green manure is planted after land preparation;
5) ecological breeding method for rice field soft-shelled turtles
5.1) stocking the Chinese softshell turtle
After 10 days of rice transplanting in the field, the seedlings of the threo-system Chinese softshell turtles are transported to the three-dimensional planting field edges, and are soaked and disinfected for 8 min by using 2.5% saline solution (in other embodiments, the seedlings are soaked and disinfected for 15min by using 2.5% saline solution), so that the ectozoa and bacteria are killed; soaking in 1% saline solution and baking soda 1: 1 solution for 20min (in other examples, soaking in 1% saline solution and baking soda 1: 1 solution for 30 min) to prevent saprolegniasis; finally, placing the seeds to the water side of the field, and allowing the threo Chinese softshell turtle seeds to climb into the water by self;
5.2) feed feeding
Feeding the feed twice at 9-11 am and 5-6 pm every day; the specific feeding amount is determined according to the conditions of weather, temperature and the like, and if the weather condition is bad, the feeding amount needs to be correspondingly reduced; when the water temperature is lower than 18 ℃, the feeding can be stopped. The timing, positioning, quantifying and qualitative bait casting principle is adhered to, and the principles of meat and vegetable matching and combination of essence and essence are adhered to. And (5) carrying out regular inspection on the rice field, checking the feeding condition and timely cleaning the feed residues.
5.3) daily management
5.3.1) Water level control
Regulating and controlling field water level according to the conventional management requirements of rice water slurry;
5.3.2) Water quality management
In the high-temperature season of 7-9 months, water is changed for 1 time per week (in other embodiments, water is changed for 2 times per week), and the water changing height is 15 cm; changing water once every 10 days at other time (in other embodiments, changing water once every 15 days), wherein the water changing height is 9-11 cm; if the water level is too shallow, the water needs to be supplemented in time, and if the water quality is too thick, the water needs to be replaced in time. The transparency of the water body is controlled to be 30-40 cm on the whole; and the microbial preparation is sprinkled regularly according to the change conditions of water temperature and water quality to improve the water quality.
5.3.3) Water Disinfection
Insisting on a square policy of 'mainly preventing and combining preventing and treating', namely splashing 1 time to the annular ditch after 10 kilograms of quicklime per 667 square meter is dissolved by adding water every 15 days (in other embodiments, splashing 1 time to the annular ditch after 15 kilograms of quicklime per 667 square meter is dissolved by adding water every 20 days); one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, immune polysaccharide, vitamin C and vitamin E are added into the feed regularly to prepare a medicinal bait for feeding so as to enhance the physique of the Chinese softshell turtles and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Daily tools should be special and regularly sterilized.
5.3.4) inspection of ponds
And (5) frequently patrolling the pond to know the conditions of ingestion, growth, diseases, water quality, facilities and the like of the threo-series Chinese softshell turtles. If dead soft-shelled turtles are found, the dead soft-shelled turtles are immediately fished out and buried deeply or incinerated, and the sick soft-shelled turtles are timely isolated and treated. And making production records according to the requirements of safety quality management.
5.3.5) catching
After the rice in the field is harvested, the threo-series Chinese softshell turtles grow to 500-600 g and are gradually captured;
6) ecological breeding method for active ducks
6.1) centralized brooding
The young ducks of the working ducks are placed in a brooding room at 28-30 ℃ for centralized brooding, and the room temperature is gradually reduced along with the increase of the brooding day age until the brooding days are adaptive to the external temperature; boiling water within 20 hours after the brooding period, boiling water for 15min, and boiling green 3-4 days after the brooding period; preparing 1 per mill of 2 percent ciprofloxacin hydrochloride aqueous solution by drinking water for 3 days continuously; feeding complete feed (in other examples, commercial duck feed is fed at the same time), and separately feeding the green fodder 4 times a day (in other examples, 6 times a day); the feeding density per square meter is controlled to be 50 (in other embodiments, the feeding density per square meter is controlled to be less than 50), and the feeding amount per group is controlled to be 150 (in other embodiments, the feeding amount per group is controlled to be less than 150); the padding in the brooding room should be changed frequently, kept clean and dry, and brooding for 10 days;
6.2) domesticating ducklings
6.2.1) Water taming requirement
The ducklings of 1 day age are domesticated in sunny days, the depth of a pool is 15cm (in other embodiments, the depth of the pool is 20 cm), and a 28-degree inclined plane is formed on one surface of the pool (in other embodiments, a 32-degree inclined plane is formed on one surface of the pool); if not, postponing to 3 days old for water domestication step by step;
6.2.2) number of times of domesticating water
Twice a day, carrying out first domesticating from 45 minutes to 15 minutes at 10 o 'clock at 9 o' clock, enabling all the ducklings to catch up to the bank, and combing the feathers to rest under the sunlight; the second water training time is between 2 o 'clock 45 minutes and 3 o' clock 15 minutes in the afternoon, and the time in water is controlled in such a way that the ducklings can freely move in the water and leave water hair shafts;
6.2.3) Water taming Standard
The duckling fluff is damp and cannot exceed a half, and more than a half of the duckling is selected and dried in a greenhouse; the water domestication time is 5 days (in other embodiments, the water domestication time is 7 days);
6.3) stocking the working ducks
The ducklings after water-domesticating training are placed in the primary placement area for stocking after 15 days of field mechanical seedling transplanting; the ducklings are bred in a centralized mode according to the size, classified management is carried out, and 15 ducklings are bred in each mu (in other embodiments, 20 ducklings are bred in each mu);
6.4) management of feeding
6.4.1) principle of feeding
Limited feeding is carried out, so that the body fat of the duckling cannot be too thin or too fat, the duckling can be kept vigorous in vitality and field work, and 7-8 layers of duckling are fed;
6.4.2) feeding stage
In the duckling stage, feeding and supplementing materials for 3 times in the morning, at noon and at night within 15 days after the rice field is put in the field for stocking; in the stage of medium duck, when the ducklings grow to 0.5kg, the feed feeding frequency is 1 time respectively in the morning and the evening (in other embodiments, only 1 time in the evening), and the feeding amount is less in the morning and sufficient in the evening; the feed is mainly wheat and blighted rice, and is matched with a proper amount of medium duck mixture; in the fattening stage, the serving ducks are subjected to field fattening and strengthening promotion 15 days before the heading of the rice in the field (in other embodiments, 20 days before the heading of the rice in the field), the feeding frequency is 2 times per day (in other embodiments, the feeding frequency is 3 times per day), the finished duck granulated feed is mainly used, and the feeding amount is sufficient by matching with wheat, broken rice and the like;
6.4.3) feeding mode
Generally, an artificial domestication mode is adopted, and the live ducks are beaten and blown to produce conditioned reflex and fed regularly, at fixed points and in fixed amount.
6.5) three-proofing of duck for service "
6.5.1) epidemic prevention
Before entering the field, completing the immunization work of common diseases of ducklings such as avian influenza primary immunization, escherichia coli and the like under the guidance of a veterinary department; secondly, after the working ducks enter the field, disinfecting duck houses and injecting avian influenza vaccines for 1 time (in other embodiments, disinfecting duck houses and injecting avian influenza vaccines for 2 times);
6.5.2) preventing poisoning
Preventing the inflow or the infiltration of the pesticide sewage around and removing the corpse sundries in the field in time; once the phenomenon of batch duck death caused by botulinum toxin poisoning is found, ducks in a poisoning area are timely driven to a safe environment for isolated observation;
6.5.3) heatstroke prevention
In a high-temperature season, keeping the water layer of the field of the three-dimensional planting and raising block within 10-15 cm, preventing heatstroke, and meanwhile, strengthening field patrol and timely removing rotten corpses;
6.6) Duck harvesting
And when the rice in the field begins to spike, the working duck is recovered from the field for processing and sale (in other embodiments, the working duck is continuously fattened from the field selectively, or young female ducks are selected from the field to breed egg ducks for added value).
Comparing the economic benefit of the first land and the second land, the economic benefit generated on the second land is 18.6 percent higher than that of the first land, and the effect is very obvious.
Claims (5)
1. A three-dimensional planting and breeding method for rice, soft-shelled turtle and duck farming is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of (1) breeding Chinese softshell turtles and ducks in a rice field, planting rice on soil by taking the rice field as an ecological circle, breeding the Chinese softshell turtles under the water surface and breeding the ducks on the water surface; the method comprises the following steps:
1) selection of stereo planting field block
Selecting a paddy field block which is free of pollution, rich in water resource, good in water quality, convenient to drain and irrigate, flat in terrain, connected in a square mode and clay as bottom soil of a paddy field as a three-dimensional planting field block; the three-dimensional planting field block is a drainage and irrigation self-forming system and is not influenced by water, fertilizer application and pesticide application of nearby farmlands; the area of the three-dimensional planting field block is not less than 30 mu;
2) engineering of field
2.1) ditching and ridging
Annular ditches with the opening surface width of 3.0-3.5 m, the bottom width of 2.0-3.0 m and the ditch depth of 1.0-1.5 m are dug at the inner sides of the ridges around the three-dimensional planting and raising block; building a sand beach on the inner side of the annular ditch; reinforcing, heightening and widening the three-dimensional planting block ridge, and tamping layer by layer, wherein the three-dimensional planting block ridge is 0.7-0.9 m higher than the field surface, and the top width is 1.0-1.5 m;
2.2) building escape-proof facilities
Anti-escape facilities for preventing enemy organisms from entering and turtles from escaping outwards are built on the three-dimensional planting field block ridges;
2.3) installing the deinsectization lamp
Installing a solar insect killing lamp in each 10-15 mu of the three-dimensional planting field block, and starting the solar insect killing lamp in the period of planting rice in the three-dimensional planting field block;
2.4) building the duck shed
In the three-dimensional planting field block, every 9-11 mu is an isolation square, and a ridge edge of each isolation square is built by 8-10 m2The simple duck shed comprises 3-5 m of simple duck shed sides surrounded by nylon nets2So that the ducklings adapt to the initial placement area of the environment;
2.5) sterilizing three-dimensional planting and raising field block
According to 80-100 kg/667m of quick lime2Adding water into the dosage of the compound fertilizer, sprinkling the mixture into the three-dimensional planting field block for disinfection when the mixture is hot after being dissolved, and injecting clear water after 10 days to submerge the surface of the field in the three-dimensional planting field block;
3) variety selection
3.1) selection of Rice varieties
The rice variety is selected to have good taste quality, compact plant type, strong disease resistance, good lodging resistance, less fertilizer demand and good high yield;
3.2) selection of Duck breed
Selecting the duck variety with moderate size, wide adaptability, strong vitality, long field activity time, large activity amount, wild organism addiction and high survival rate, wherein the stocking amount is 15-18 ducks per mu;
3.3) selection of turtle variety
Selecting the trionyx sinensis variety, and stocking 80-100 rice plants per mu after the rice survives;
4) rice machine transplanting production technology
4.1) cultivating seedlings
4.1.1) seedbed preparation
Selecting soil with clean water source, convenient irrigation and no pollution as a seedbed;
4.1.2) nutrient soil preparation
Selecting vegetable garden or rice soil which is free of impurities and pollution and fertile in soil, crushing, sieving by using a sieve with the diameter of 5mm, and preparing fine soil according to 120 kg per mu of land in the stereoscopic planting field block, wherein 100 kg of fine soil is used as bed soil, and 20 kg of fine soil is used as seed covering soil; 0.5-0.8 kg of rice seedling strengthening agent is added into 100 kg of bed soil and uniformly stirred, and after sieving, film covering and stacking are carried out for curing;
4.1.3) fine-making seedling plate
Feeding water into a paddy field and harrowing the soil 25-30 days before sowing, and ditching and making a seedling plate; draining and airing the seedling plate after the seedling plate is made, so that the surface of the seedling plate is sunk, shoveling the seedling plate to compensate for the height 2-3 days before sowing, filling up cracks, and fully patting the seedling plate;
4.1.4) preparation of materials
25-30 soft or hard seedling raising disks or hard disks special for mechanical rice transplanting are prepared for each mu of the field, and non-woven fabrics with the length of 4-5 m and the width of 1.6-1.7 m are prepared;
4.1.5) seed treatment of Rice
Sunning the rice variety selected in the step 3.1) for 1-2 days before sowing, then soaking the rice variety selected in the step 3.1) in a solution with the volume of 600-800 times that of the fenpropathrin wettable powder or a solution with the volume of 300-400 times that of the 17% fenpropathrin wettable powder for 48 hours, and directly sowing or accelerating germination and sowing without washing after soaking;
4.1.6) precision sowing in due period
Determining planting date according to rising stubble and early and late, and preparing 3-3.5 kg of rice seeds treated in the step 4.1.5) per mu of the field;
4.1.7) flow line seeding
Selecting a sowing flow line suitable for japonica rice blanket seedling mechanical transplanting to perform the sowing of the rice seeds processed in the step 4.1.5), wherein the bottom soil is 2.0cm, the sowing amount is 140-150 g of rice sprouts on each seedling tray, the seed covering soil is 3-5 mm thick, and no rice seeds are seen;
4.1.8) spreading, covering non-woven fabrics and watering
After sowing, transporting the seedling trays obtained in the step 4.1.7) to a seedling bed laying tray and covering a non-woven fabric, wherein the two seedling trays are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other when the seedling trays are laid, and the trays are compact and have no gap; after the seedling plates are paved, 1 reed stalk is flatly placed every 30cm along the longitudinal direction of the seedling plates in the step 4.1.3), or a seedling rope with the height of 10-15 cm is pulled at the central position of the seedling plates in the step 4.1.3), then the non-woven fabrics in the step 4.1.4) are covered, and the periphery is sealed; covering the non-woven fabric in the step 4.1.4), filling the non-woven fabric with primary ditch leveling water, wetting the seedling plate in the step 4.1.3), and then draining water; cutting a horizontal notch on the seedling plate in the step 4.1.3);
4.1.9) management of rice seedling beds
4.1.9.1) pipe water
After seedling aligning, tearing off the non-woven fabric in the evening of a sunny day or 8-9 am of a cloudy day, and irrigating once flat furrow water to cause sufficient water seepage; then keeping the dish surface moist, and supplementing water in case of water shortage; 3-4 days before transplanting, controlling water and hardening seedlings;
4.1.9.2) topdressing
Topdressing is not carried out when the leaf color is not obvious, a light water layer is established in the evening according to 2 g of urea per plate when the leaf color is obvious, and fine soil is mixed for uniform spreading;
4.1.9.3) Pest control
Alternately using 20g of 25% pymetrozine or 20 kg of 50% phenthoate emulsifiable concentrate in 100ml of water every 2-3 days for prevention and treatment;
4.2) one-time fertilization
400kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to every 667 square meters in the field;
4.3) finely preparing the soil
Mechanically cleaning stubbles and finishing the field to achieve the purpose of leveling the field surface, wherein the difference of the height of the whole field is not more than 3cm, the hardness of the surface soil is moderate, and the field surface has no weeds and impurities; settling for 1-2 days and keeping a shallow water layer for transplanting rice seedlings;
4.4) mechanical transplanting
The carpet seedlings in the field are planted in a mechanical mode, 1.5-1.8 ten thousand holes are planted per mu, and 6-8 ten thousand basic seedlings are planted; the planting direction is consistent with the direction of the duck used in service to land;
4.5) Secondary fertilization
In the growth process of the paddy rice in the field, 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the concentration of 45 percent is applied to each mu of paddy rice;
4.6) slurry management
During the co-operation period, a shallow water layer is established on the field surface, tillering is carried out until the jointing stage, and the water depth of the field surface is kept at 5-8 cm; in 7 th ten days, driving the duck for service to the ditch of the stereoscopic planting field block and airing the duck for field 1 time from the critical leaf age of effective tillering to the jointing stage, and keeping the water depth of the field surface to be 15-20 cm after airing the field; gradually reducing the water level to 20cm below the surface of the three-dimensional planting field block field after 20 days before the rice in the field is harvested;
4.7) disease and insect control
4.8) Rice harvesting
Completing harvesting of rice in the field at 11 months; slowly draining water and drying the field 15 days before harvesting; mechanical harvesting, wherein the straws are crushed and returned to the field during harvesting, and green manure is planted after land preparation;
5) ecological breeding method for rice field soft-shelled turtles
5.1) stocking the Chinese softshell turtle
After 10 days of rice transplanting in the field, the seedlings of the threo-system Chinese softshell turtles are transported to the edges of the three-dimensional planting field blocks, and are soaked and disinfected for 8-15 min by using 2.5% saline solution; soaking the seeds in a solution of 1% saline solution and 1: 1 baking soda for 20-30 min; finally, placing the seeds to the water side of the field, and allowing the threo Chinese softshell turtle seeds to climb into the water by self;
5.2) feed feeding
Feeding the feed twice at 9-11 am and 5-6 pm every day;
5.3) daily management
5.3.1) Water level control
Regulating and controlling field water level according to the conventional management requirements of rice water slurry;
5.3.2) Water quality management
In a high-temperature season of 7-9 months, changing water 1-2 times per week, wherein the water changing height is 15cm each time; changing water once every 10-15 days at other time, wherein the water changing height is 9-11 cm; the transparency of the water body is controlled to be 30-40 cm on the whole;
5.3.3) Water Disinfection
Every 15-20 days, splashing 1 time around the circular ditch after dissolving quicklime in water at a rate of 10-15 kilograms per 667 square meter;
5.3.4) inspection of ponds
5.3.5) catching
After the rice in the field is harvested, the threo-series Chinese softshell turtles grow to 500-600 g and are gradually captured;
6) ecological breeding method for active ducks
6.1) centralized brooding
The young ducks of the working ducks are placed in a brooding room at 28-30 ℃ for centralized brooding, and the room temperature is gradually reduced along with the increase of the brooding day age until the brooding days are adaptive to the external temperature; boiling water within 20 hours after the brooding period, boiling water for 15min, and boiling green 3-4 days after the brooding period; preparing 1 per mill of 2 percent ciprofloxacin hydrochloride aqueous solution by drinking water for 3 days continuously; simultaneously feeding complete feed or commercial duck feed, and feeding the green fodder separately for 4-6 times every day; the feeding density per square meter is controlled within 50, and the feeding amount per group is controlled within 150; brooding for 10 days;
6.2) domesticating ducklings
6.2.1) Water taming requirement
Domesticating 1-day-old ducklings in sunny days, wherein the depth of a water pool is 15-20 cm, and one side of the water pool is provided with a 28-32-degree inclined plane; if not, postponing to 3 days old for water domestication step by step;
6.2.2) number of times of domesticating water
Twice a day, carrying out first domesticating from 45 minutes to 15 minutes at 10 o 'clock at 9 o' clock, enabling all the ducklings to catch up to the bank, and combing the feathers to rest under the sunlight; the second water training time is between 2 o 'clock 45 minutes and 3 o' clock 15 minutes in the afternoon, and the time in water is controlled in such a way that the ducklings can freely move in the water and leave water hair shafts;
6.2.3) Water taming Standard
The duckling fluff is damp and cannot exceed a half, and more than a half of the duckling is selected and dried in a greenhouse; domesticating the water for 5-7 days;
6.3) stocking the working ducks
The ducklings trained for 5-7 days through water domestication are placed in the primary placement area for stocking after 15 days of mechanical seedling transplanting in the field; the ducklings are bred in a concentrated mode according to sizes, classified management is carried out, and 15-20 ducklings are bred in each mu;
6.4) management of feeding
6.4.1) principle of feeding
Feeding in a limited amount, namely feeding 7-8 layers of the chicken;
6.4.2) feeding stage
In the duckling stage, feeding and supplementing materials for 3 times in the morning, at noon and at night within 15 days after the rice field is put in the field for stocking; in the stage of medium duck, when the ducklings grow to 0.5kg, the feed feeding times are respectively 1 time in the morning and the evening or only 1 time in the evening, and if the feed feeding times are respectively 1 time in the morning and the evening, the feeding amount is small in the morning and sufficient in the evening; the feed is mainly wheat and blighted rice, and is matched with a duck mixture; in the fattening stage, the serving ducks are fattened and strengthened in the field 15-20 days before ear emergence of rice in the field, the feeding times are 2-3 times per day, the finished duck granulated feed is taken as a main material, and wheat and broken rice are matched;
6.5) three-proofing of duck for service "
6.5.1) epidemic prevention
Before entering the field, completing the work of avian influenza prime and Escherichia coli immunization; secondly, after the working ducks enter the field, disinfecting duck houses and injecting avian influenza vaccine for 1-2 times;
6.5.2) preventing poisoning
Preventing the inflow or the infiltration of the pesticide sewage around and removing the corpse sundries in the field in time; once the phenomenon of batch duck death caused by botulinum toxin poisoning is found, ducks in a poisoning area are timely driven to a safe environment for isolated observation;
6.5.3) heatstroke prevention
In a high-temperature season, keeping the water layer of the field of the three-dimensional planting field blocks at 10-15 cm;
6.6) Duck harvesting
When the rice in the field begins to spike, the serving duck is recovered from the field for processing and selling or continuously fattened selectively, or young female ducks are selected from the field to breed egg ducks for value increase.
2. The rice-turtle-duck co-culture three-dimensional planting and raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 3.1) selects one or more of the rice varieties of Nanjing 9108, Yangjing 805, Nanjing 5055, Ningjing No. 8, Yangjing 239 and Suxiangjing No. 3.
3. The rice-turtle-duck co-culture three-dimensional planting and raising method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and 3.2) selecting one or more of Gaoyou sheldrake, Zhenjiang sheldrake, Shaoxing sheldrake and Chaohu sheldrake as the duck variety.
4. The rice-turtle-duck co-culture three-dimensional planting and raising method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the Su-system Chinese soft-shelled turtle selected in the step 3.3) is strong in body quality, smooth and clean in body surface, free of damage, fertile in body, wide in body size and strong in vitality.
5. The rice-turtle-duck co-culture three-dimensional planting and raising method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the Su-system Chinese soft-shelled turtle selected in the step 3.3) is strong in body quality, smooth and clean in body surface, free of damage, fertile in body, wide in body size and strong in vitality.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114158443A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-11 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Ecological weeding method suitable for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice field |
| CN115362784A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-11-22 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | Ditching method and cultivation method for three-dimensional rice field planting and breeding |
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Application publication date: 20201027 |