CN108541534B - Ecological planting and breeding method for paddy salamanders for preventing and treating insect pests by flooding in field and pond - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for ecologically planting and breeding giant salamanders in paddy fields and ponds by preventing and controlling insect and prey rice through flooding, which comprises the steps of building ridges in paddy fields and arranging fish pools and fish ditches; sprinkling quicklime to the whole field for disinfection and soil improvement during rice field plowing, and performing innocent treatment on weeds; putting carp, grass carp, crucian carp, croaker and giant salamander; sowing rice in boxes; and (4) preventing plant diseases and insect pests by adopting a water flooding method and spraying lime water. The invention utilizes fishes to remove weeds to create a good environment for paddy, controls ineffective breeding to ensure the nutrition supply of plants which are effectively bred, produces organic fertilizers to ensure the nutrition required by paddy, preys on insect hoppers to replace pesticides to kill insects, eliminates the injury and the disease residue of giant salamanders to reduce fish diseases, improves economic benefit, absorbs excrement of fishes to regulate water quality, creates a comfortable and cool growing environment for fishes, uses quick lime to sterilize and submerges water to assist fishes to prevent and treat the insect hoppers, changes a paddy field into a recycled ecological environment, kills pesticides, ensures the production of ecological agricultural products, has two purposes, and has obvious economic benefit and ecological benefit.

Description

Ecological planting and breeding method for paddy salamanders for preventing and treating insect pests by flooding in field and pond

Technical Field

The invention relates to a rice planting and aquatic product breeding technology, in particular to a symbiotic ecological breeding method for rice and aquatic products.

Background

The paddy field cultivation is an ecological planting and breeding mode for promoting virtuous circle of an ecological system in a paddy field according to the ecological economy principle. The paddy field cultivation can harvest a considerable amount of ecological aquatic products under the conditions of labor saving, labor saving and bait saving, and can promote the increasing of the income of the paddy under the condition of reducing the investment. In the planting and breeding mode, the most traditional rice and fish symbiotic planting and breeding mode is used for the comprehensive planting and breeding of the rice field, and the rice and fish symbiotic planting and breeding mode is developed into a rice and crab type mode, a rice and shrimp and crab type mode, a rice and eel type mode, a rice and loach type mode, a rice and duck type mode and the like, so that the comprehensive planting and breeding of the rice field is developed towards the directions of three-dimensional agriculture, ecological. The existing comprehensive rice field planting and breeding technology generally cannot completely get rid of the use of pesticides and fertilizers and eliminate pesticide residues, cannot achieve real ecological production, has low economic benefit and low popularization value, cannot achieve the technical level of large-scale production, and particularly cannot solve the problem of contradiction conflict between rice pest control and aquaculture. The Chinese patent application discloses a technical method for breeding procypris merus in a paddy field (CN 107494351A), which solves the problem of rice insect damage by utilizing insect eggs of pests eating in the paddy field, floating green moss and microorganisms eating in the paddy field and installing solar energy and light energy insect gathering lamps, and has low production cost and high grade of rice. But the ecological planting and breeding technical method can not be achieved to solve the contradiction conflict problem generated by the rice pest control and aquaculture.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an ecological planting and breeding method for aquatic products such as rice, fish and the like, which utilizes a reasonable base to reconstruct and improve, breed types and density and a special pest control method thereof, improves the land utilization rate, eliminates pesticide residues, produces rice with high ecological quality, can effectively solve the problem of contradiction conflict between rice pest control and aquaculture, and has higher ecological value and economic and social benefits.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an ecological planting and breeding method for rice salamanders for preventing and treating insect pests by flooding in a field and a pond comprises the following steps:

(1) building dykes not lower than 1.5 m in height around the rice field, opening a rectangular or square fish pool in the rice field, opening a circular ditch around the dykes around the rice field, taking the central points of four sides of the fish pool as starting points, and opening a cross-shaped fish ditch at right angles with the sides, wherein the fish ditches are communicated with the circular ditches;

(2) the number of holes suitable for the giant salamander to live in is preferably established in 80 centimeters positions on the inner side of the earth dike opposite to the water outlet so as to meet the culture requirement, three-level flowing steps are arranged on the outer side of each hole, a fence is arranged on the outer side of the earth dike, and mulberries or other crops are planted above the holes to the fence to shade.

(3) A water storage tank is built on the cave, a water inlet pipe is arranged in the water tank, and a water supply pipe is arranged from the water tank to the tail end of the fish hole to supply water for the giant salamander hole all the year round.

(4) Sprinkling quicklime to the whole field for disinfection and soil improvement when the paddy field is ploughed, then repeatedly storing water and draining water until the pH value of the water body is neutral, putting fish fries and frog fries, and performing harmless treatment on weeds;

(5) planting the first season rice in boxes, wherein each box is 3.5-4.5m wide, 50-70cm middle rows are arranged between the boxes, rice is planted in the boxes by taking rows as units, the row spacing is 28-32cm, and the water level in the fish ditch is kept full when the rice is planted. And (3) flooding and spraying lime water to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests in the period from the planting of the rice to the medium maturity.

(6) Keeping the soil of the box moist after the rice is planted in the first season and till the tillering saturation period; tillering is full to the five-maturing of rice, the water level is increased to submerge rice nodes, but effective functional leaves of the rice are not submerged; after the rice is matured for five days, the water level is gradually raised until the rice ears are not flooded, and during the period from the sprouting of the ratoon rice to the maturing of the ratoon rice, the ratoon rice is flooded with water and sprayed with lime water to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.

(7) After the first season rice is harvested, storing water to submerge half of the rice pile, storing water to the depth of water after the rice is flush, just submerging the rice pile, after the ratooning rice is matured, slowly raising the water level until the rice is not submerged.

(8) After the ratoon rice is harvested, the ratoon rice is stored to the highest position capable of storing water so as to increase the water body to provide the largest living space for fishes, meanwhile, bait is fed every day, the feeding amount meets the requirement of the fish food intake, and fishes are caught in winter.

As optimization, the fish hole is built with slates, the hole depth is 1.2 meters, the hole opening is provided with a slate door, the lower edge of the slate door is provided with a semicircular door hole suitable for the giant salamander to pass in and out, three-level flowing water steps are arranged, the fish hole door is externally provided with one-level steps, the width is 60 centimeters, the water storage depth is 20 centimeters, the inclination of the outer edge of the water pool and the second-level steps is not more than 45 degrees, the vertical height is calculated by the height of the bottom surface of the one-level water pool and the height of the bottom of. And the second-level step and the third-level step are designed into the same step. The three-stage steps are connected with the field surface, the inclination is not more than 45 degrees, and the three-stage steps are directly communicated.

Preferably, the depth of the fish ditch is preferably to be completely soft mud, the fish pool is deeper than the fish ditch by 10 centimeters, the area of the fish pool is 5 percent of the total area, and the width of the circular ditch and the fish ditch is 50-70 CM.

As optimization, the water tank needs heat preservation and shading, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are buried underground deeply to achieve heat preservation, cold water with the water temperature not exceeding 23 ℃ is introduced, water is supplied for years, the temperature in the fish hole is controlled by the cold water, and the effect of low temperature in the fish hole is achieved.

As optimization, the method for harmlessly treating the weeds comprises the following steps: accelerating germination in the sun, keeping the fish ditch full of water when the fish is sunned, simultaneously feeding and draining water, irrigating and moisturizing according to the dry humidity of the surface of the fish, promoting the germination in a dry-wet cycle for about one week, storing deep water after the tender shoots of weeds grow, controlling the photosynthesis of the weeds, and allowing the fishes to eat the tender shoots and seeds of the weeds; drying the field again after one week, and operating for 2-3 times by the above method.

As optimization, the rice seeds are compact in spike shape, obliquely extended upwards, about 1 m in plant height and high in rice disease resistance in a mature period of not more than 135 days.

As optimization, the fry is carp, grass carp, crucian carp, fries and giant salamander, and the number of the fish fries is as follows: 50-100 g/mu of carp, 150-100 g/mu of grass carp, 100-40 g/mu of croaker, 100-50-) g/mu of crucian carp, 300-500 g/mu of giant salamander, no limit on the number of frog seedlings, 3 months of feeding of fish seedlings and frog seedlings except for the giant salamander, and 6 months and middle ten days of the giant salamander, and further optimization of crucian carp in selecting white crucian carp with strong fertility or local conventional crucian carp.

As optimization, the method for flooding comprises the following steps: when the pests are just emulsified or occur, the plants are completely submerged with water, the water flooding time is 30-60min each time, and the water flooding is prohibited in the four stages of pregnancy and breeding of the rice, the flowering stage and the filling stage. The further optimization is that the water flooding is implemented on sunny days, pollution-free clean water is used for water flooding, the water flooding is quickly carried out, and the damage of the water flooding to rice is reduced.

Preferably, the lime water is sprayed after rice leaves are watered dry, the used lime water is saturated lime water, the spraying amount of the lime water is that the solution flows into water when the rice is completely wet, and the lime water is not sprayed in the rice flowering period.

The invention uses water flooding to drown pests such as insect-planthopper and insect eggs or to drive away rice or float on water surface, uses fish to kill the pests, and is matched with saturated lime water spraying, so that the pests such as insect-planthopper and the like can be completely killed, thereby avoiding using pesticides and improving the rice quality. The cultivated carps play roles of loosening the soil and loosening the roots, grass carps can remove weeds and control ineffective tillering of rice, the effect of rice leaves is efficiently utilized, crucian carps provide sufficient bait for giant salamanders, and dining-fish can prey pests such as small insect planthoppers and the like and provide bait for the giant salamanders; giant salamander can eliminate the fish with food and crucian which injure the disease and the disability, control the quantity of the fish with food and crucian, clear away the trash fish, and frogs can prey on large insects to provide bait for the giant salamander, thereby achieving ecological breeding and improving the yield of rice and aquatic products.

The invention keeps rice ventilation, lighting and fish growth through reasonable field layout. The method has the advantages that the fishes are used for removing weeds to create a good environment for rice, ineffective tillering is controlled, the nutrition supply of plants which are effectively tillered is guaranteed, organic fertilizers are produced to guarantee the nutrition required by the rice, insect hoppers are used for hunting for replacing pesticides to kill insects, giant salamanders are eliminated to damage disease residues and reduce fish diseases, the aquatic benefits are improved, the rice absorbs excrement of the fishes to regulate water quality, a comfortable and cool growing environment is created for the fishes, rice leaves, rice flowers and insects are fiercely supplied for the fishes to eat, and cyclic utilization is achieved. And the quicklime is used for disinfection and sterilization, flooding is used for assisting fishes to prevent and control pests fiercely, the rice field is changed into a recycled ecological environment, pesticides are exhausted, and the production of ecological agricultural products is ensured. Years of practice prove that more than 500 kilograms of ecological paddy rice and more than 300 kilograms of fish can be produced in each mu of rice field, the yield value of each mu can reach more than 60000 yuan, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are obvious.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given to illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention in more detail.

An ecological planting and breeding method for preventing and controlling insect and manganese rice salamanders by field and pond flooding comprises the following specific steps:

improvement of base reconstruction

1. Base reconstruction: the soil dikes 1.5 meters higher are built around the rice field, the larger the single base is, the better the soil dikes are, caves suitable for living of giant salamanders are built at the positions 80 centimeters on the inner sides of the soil dikes opposite to the water discharge ports, three-stage flowing water steps are arranged on the outer sides of the caves, fences are arranged on the outer sides of the dikes, and mulberries or other crops are planted above the caves to the fences to shade. A water storage tank is built on the cave, a water inlet pipe is arranged in the water tank, and a water supply pipe is arranged from the water tank to the tail end of the fish hole to supply water for the giant salamander hole all the year round. The center position of a single base is provided with a square or rectangular east-west fish pool, an open-loop fish ditch is arranged at a distance of one meter from a ridge along the periphery of the field, the center points of four sides of the fish pool are taken as starting points, a cross-shaped fish ditch is vertically formed towards the ring ditch, the depth of the fish ditch is suitable for digging up soft mud, the width of the fish ditch is 60 centimeters, the fish ditch is 10 centimeters lower than the fish ditch, the area of the fish pool is 5 percent of the total area of the single base, a drainage port is arranged on one side of the lower part of the terrain, the fish ditch leading to the drainage port is designed as a drainage channel, the fish ditch is inclined towards the drainage port by taking the fish pool as the starting point. Compared with traditional comprehensive planting and raising base reconstruction, the design is more suitable for most paddy field ponds in China, is easy to drain, does not damage paddy field plough layers, is more convenient to operate by utilizing agricultural machinery, and is a base design scheme more suitable for mechanized operation to carry out comprehensive planting and raising.

2. Base improvement: when the rice field is ploughed, 400 jin/mu of quicklime is used for sprinkling and disinfecting the whole field to improve the soil, the water is repeatedly stored and drained after two weeks of disinfection until the pH value of the water body is neutral, and the weeds are harmlessly treated. The method for harmlessly treating the weeds comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of planting seedlings in the sun, watering and moisturizing according to the dry humidity of the field, planting seedlings in the sun in a dry-wet cycle for about one week, storing deep water after the seedlings grow out, controlling photosynthesis of weeds, feeding the seedlings of the fishes and the frog seedlings, feeding the seedlings of the weeds and seeds to the fishes, planting the seedlings in the sun again after one week, operating for two to three times, planting seedlings in the field, finishing improvement after no weeds grow out, sowing and transplanting the seedlings, and achieving ecological planting and breeding due to the fact that the content of pathogenic bacteria in the soil base after improvement is small, the number of weed seed sources is small.

(II) putting fry

And (3) disinfecting the rice field with quicklime, repeatedly storing water and draining, and putting the fry and the frog fry after the pH value of the water body is neutral. The fry is carp, grass carp, crucian, food fish and giant salamander, and the putting amount is as follows: 50-100 g/mu of carp, 150-100 g/mu of grass carp, 100-40 g/mu of croaker, 100-50-) g/mu of crucian, 300-500 g/mu of giant salamander and frogs for protecting ecological environment and attracting wild frogs, wherein the fry is preferably bred by self in 3 months and 20-200 g/mu of giant salamander in middle ten days of June. The bait is mainly used for cleaning the injured and diseased residues of other frogs and frogs, maintaining ecological balance and improving economic benefit and benefit.

(III) sowing of rice

1. Selecting rice seeds: the rice seeds are preferably high-quality rice varieties without sources of diseases, high resistance to rice diseases, compact and obliquely extending spike types, about 1 meter of plant height and maturity period of not more than 135 days.

2. The sowing and transplanting method comprises the following steps: (1) the sowing can adopt two modes of direct sowing and rice transplanting, the fish pond does not need to be planted, and the idle fish ditch is divided into large rows (the distance between two rows of rice on two sides of the fish ditch) with 90 centimeters. (2) The planting is carried out by taking the fish ditches in the north and south directions as standard boxes, the width of each box is 4 meters, a middle row space is arranged between the boxes for 60 centimeters, the planting is carried out in the boxes by taking rows in the east-west direction as units, small rows are left between the rows, the row spacing is 30 centimeters, the rice is planted in the annular ditch along the outside of the annular ditch in a vertical direction in a seed sowing way, and the row spacing is 30 centimeters. (3) When sowing and transplanting rice, the fish ditch is filled with water, and water is drained at the same time to reach a balanced state.

The planting layout method utilizes the ventilation, lighting and convenient fish getting and getting, has comprehensive insect catching and enough living space of rice.

(IV) field management

1. The seedling management method in the direct seeding mode comprises the following steps: the rice seeds are planted in the field until the tillering of the rice is protected and the surface of the rice field does not normally store water in the field, but the soil in the field is kept moist, so that the rice is favorable for quick division, the tillering is saturated until the rice is mature, the water level is increased, the rice nodes are submerged, but the effective functional leaves of the rice are not submerged. When the rice is mature five times, the water level is gradually increased along with the speed of the grass carp eating rice leaves until the rice ears are not flooded. Aims to control the invalid division of the rice, reduce the environment of the insect-egg-shaped settlements and provide the eliminated rice leaves for the grass carps to eat. During the period from rice emergence to rice five-maturing growth, according to the occurrence condition of insect pests, flooding and spraying saturated lime water are used for preventing and treating insect pests, and the method comprises the following steps: when the pests are just emulsified or when the pests happen, the seedlings are completely submerged by water, and the water submerging time is 60min each time. The flooding is carried out on sunny days, and flooding water is clean water without dirty beams, so that flooding and draining are fast, and damage to rice caused by flooding is reduced. The lime water is sprayed in sunny days after flooding, the rice dew is sprayed after being dry, and the spraying amount of the lime water is preferably that the rice is completely wet and the solution flows into the water.

2. Transplanting and seedling stage management: when transplanting, the water level is controlled below 5 cm, water intake and drainage are kept in a balanced state, grass carp cannot eat seedlings, but the grass carp needs to be fed with proper bait, the field transplanting layout is the same as the direct seeding layout, and after 15 days, management is carried out according to a direct seeding mode seedling stage management method.

3. The ear period management method comprises the following steps: the rice is forbidden to use water flooding in the fourth period of pregnancy and the flowering period and the grouting period, lime water spraying is forbidden in the flowering period, the grouting period and the maturity period are determined according to insect pest conditions, water flooding is avoided as far as possible, and quicklime concentrated solution spraying is used in the maturity period.

4. And (3) managing the growth period of the giant salamanders, and timely supplementing live bait fishes during the growth and ingestion period of the giant salamanders, such as insufficient field bait fishes. When the temperature of water in the giant salamander cave exceeds 23 ℃, the water pool is filled with deep well water so as to achieve the cooling effect.

(V) harvesting

The paddy is timely harvested when the paddy reaches nine ripens, and the harvesting methods comprise three types:

1. semi-manual harvesting: the harvester is stopped at the field side, the rice ears on the floating row can be rolled in, rice is cut manually, the rice cutting position is suitable for not damaging rice knots, the rice ears are placed on the floating row, the rice ears are pushed to the field side after the rice ears are fully cut in one row, the harvester can be rolled in a threshing position, after the rice ears are rolled up, the rice is pushed and cut, the rice is circularly operated, multiple rows of rice cutting are adopted, the requirement of continuous threshing of the harvester is met, the method does not affect the living growth of fishes, the rice piles can be effectively protected, and the germination rate of regenerated rice is improved.

2. The harvester on water is a small harvester, after the self-walking device is removed, the harvester is fixed on the floating row, manual pushing is carried out for harvesting, the water level is adjusted to the position of the floating row, the water level can be freely pushed, the harvester can harvest the rice ears as many as possible, the method saves labor, has strong flexibility, does not damage the field surface, and has slow speed and large yield loss rate compared with the method for harvesting by using a large and medium-sized self-walking harvester.

3. The self-propelled harvester harvests, the machine tool is a self-propelled harvester, the method is to adjust the water level to the position where all fishes are placed in a fish ditch, a fish pool, and the like, simultaneously, the water is fed and drained to reach a balanced state for rapid harvesting, and the water is stored in time after the harvesting is finished and is flooded to the half position of a rice pile. The method has the advantages that the harvesting speed is high, the yield loss is low, but the damage to the field surface is large, pit grooves are formed, rice piles are crushed, the yield of regenerated rice is influenced, water storage in the field is reduced during harvesting, the life of fishes is influenced, the fishes have oxygen deficiency risks, and water inlet and outlet reach a balanced state.

(VI) management during ratooning of rice

1. The method for preventing and controlling insect pests by flooding during the period of ratoon rice is the same as the method for managing rice in the same season by using a lime water spraying scheme.

2. It submerges half position of rice stake to last season rice harvesting after to the fourth stage of pregnancy of ratoon rice impoundment, it is advisable to keep just submerging the rice stake in the retaining depth behind the neat ear of grain, when ratooning rice is five ripe, the water level slowly rises, use grass carp to eat the rice leaf speed of ratooning rice as standard, keep submerging 50% in the rice leaf of rice bottommost, the position that grass carp can eat partial rice leaf is suitable, constantly adjust the water level and eat the rice leaf and can't eat the rice ear in order to protect grass carp to eat as much as possible, utilization ratio is improved, improve aquatic products output. During the growth period of the ratoon rice, according to the occurrence situation of insect pests, water flooding is adopted to prevent and control the insect pests, and lime water spraying is adopted to sterilize and disinfect.

The harvesting mode of the regenerated rice is the same as that of the rice in the same season.

(VII) management and fishing of winter fallow field

After the ratoon rice is harvested, storing water to the highest position capable of storing water, and meanwhile feeding baits every day, wherein the feeding amount is subject to meeting the fish food consumption.

Fishing in winter, draining water until the planting surface is dry during winter fishing, pulling the net to catch, finally discharging dry fish, catching fish in a pond, catching giant salamanders for three years, and digging holes to catch fish.

The water is not stored after the fish and the giant salamander are caught in the dry field, 300 jin of quicklime is used for sterilization and disinfection in the whole field, and the water is normally stored for about 80 cm after the disinfection is finished, so that the water is not flooded to one step.

The ecological planting and breeding method for preventing and controlling the pests and the vigorous rice salamanders by flooding in the field and the pond implemented by the method has obvious economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit.

Economic benefits are as follows: the first season rice yield is about 1000 jin/mu, the regeneration rice yield is about 300 jin/mu, the annual total yield is about 1300 jin/mu, the rice yield is more than 50%, the total rice yield is about 650 jin/mu, and the planting yield per mu is 9750 yuan calculated according to 15 yuan/jin. Every three jin of 200 grass carps and carps are 600 jin in total, the benefit is 9000 yuan according to 15 jin of every jin, the giant salamander is caught one year, 6 jin of every year benefits 2 jin every year, 2 jin is multiplied by 300 tail multiplied by 150 yuan =45000 yuan, the total yield per mu is 9750 yuan +9000 yuan +45000 yuan =63750 yuan, the high yield is high, and the far-exceeding related reported yield standard is realized.

Ecological benefits are as follows: the method has the advantages that fishes are removed of weeds and used for catching the insect planthoppers, a good growth environment is created for the rice, the nutrition supply of effective plants is guaranteed by controlling ineffective tillering, organic fertilizer is produced to guarantee the nutrition needed by the rice, giant salamanders are eliminated to hurt disease and residue, the morbidity of the fishes is reduced, the water quality is regulated by the rice absorbing excrement of the fishes, and a comfortable and cool growth environment is created for the fishes. The quick lime sterilization and disinfection control plant diseases and insect pests, the flooding assistance fish prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests are more original and absolute, all the plant diseases and insect pests can be killed at one time, the drugs are replaced for preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests, the ecological agricultural products are ensured to be produced, meanwhile, the farmland, the water source and the surrounding environment are effectively protected from pesticide residue pollution, a good environment is created for the organism, the waste in the production is efficiently recycled, the production cost and expenditure are saved, the resources are saved, the ecological environment of the rice field is created, a complete biological ecological food nutrition chain, a special base and an efficient plant disease and insect pest prevention method are utilized, and the purposes of high-yield, high-efficiency, ecological.

Social benefits are as follows: the technical method is suitable for most of rice fields, ponds and hills in China, can greatly improve the land utilization rate, avoids pesticide residues, creates good ecological environment for animals and plants, provides the best choice for rural production transformation and provides powerful help for rural economic development. The paddy field, the low-benefit fishpond and the hillpond can be efficiently utilized, agricultural materials can be saved, agricultural expenses can be reduced, harm of pesticide residues to human beings can be reduced, ecological agricultural products can be produced to supply markets, the ecological rural and ecological social environment can be created, and the ecological living and ecological living can be promoted.

Claims (8)

1. An ecological planting and breeding method for rice salamanders for preventing insect pests by flooding in a field and a pond is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) building dykes not lower than 1.5 m in height around the rice field, opening a rectangular or square fish pool in the rice field, opening a circular ditch around the dykes around the rice field, taking the central points of four sides of the fish pool as starting points, and opening a cross-shaped fish ditch at right angles with the sides, wherein the fish ditches are communicated with the circular ditches;

(2) building holes suitable for accommodating giant salamanders at 80 cm positions on the inner side of the earth dike opposite to the water outlet so as to meet the culture requirement, arranging three-stage flowing steps on the outer side of each hole, arranging a fence on the outer side of the earth dike, and planting mulberries or other crops above the holes to the fence to shade;

(3) a water storage tank is built on the cave, the water storage tank is provided with a water inlet pipe, and a water supply pipe is arranged from the water storage tank to the tail end of the cave to supply water for the giant salamander cave all the year round;

(4) sprinkling quicklime to the whole field for disinfection and soil improvement when the paddy field is ploughed, then repeatedly storing water and draining water until the pH value of the water body is neutral, putting fish fries and frog fries, and performing harmless treatment on weeds; the method for harmlessly treating the weeds comprises the following steps: accelerating germination in the sun, keeping the fish ditch full of water when the fish is sunned, simultaneously feeding and draining water, irrigating and moisturizing according to the dry humidity of the surface of the fish, promoting the germination in a dry-wet cycle for about one week, storing deep water after the tender shoots of weeds grow, controlling the photosynthesis of the weeds, and allowing the fishes to eat the tender shoots and seeds of the weeds; drying the field again after one week, and operating for 2-3 times by the above method;

(5) planting the first season rice in boxes, wherein each box is 3.5-4.5m wide, 50-70cm middle rows are arranged between the boxes, rice is planted in the boxes by taking rows as units, the row spacing is 28-32cm, when the rice is planted, the fish ditch is kept full of water,

in the period from the rice planting to the five-maturing stage, flooding and spraying lime water to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests;

(6) keeping the soil of the box moist after the rice is planted in the first season and till the tillering saturation period; tillering is full to the five-maturing of rice, the water level is increased to submerge rice nodes, but effective functional leaves of the rice are not submerged; when the rice is mature for five times, gradually raising the water level until the rice is not flooded, and flooding and spraying lime water to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests during the period from the sprouting of the ratoon rice to the mature period of the ratoon rice;

(7) after the rice in the first season is harvested, storing water to submerge half of the rice pile, storing water to the depth of water after the rice is flush to just submerge the rice pile, after the ratooning rice is matured, slowly raising the water level until the rice is not submerged and the rice ear is not flooded;

(8) after the ratoon rice is harvested, the ratoon rice is stored to the highest position capable of storing water so as to increase the water body to provide the largest living space for fishes, meanwhile, bait is fed every day, the feeding amount meets the requirement of the fish food intake, and fishes are caught in winter.

2. The ecological planting and breeding method for rice salamanders and rice salamanders by using water logging for preventing and treating insect pests according to claim 1 is characterized in that the holes are built by stone slabs, the depth of each hole is 1.2 meters, a stone slab door is arranged at the hole opening, a semicircular door hole suitable for the giant salamanders to enter and exit is formed in the lower edge of each stone slab door, three-level flow steps are arranged, a first-level step is arranged outside each hole, the width of each step is 60 centimeters, the depth of water to be stored is 20 centimeters, the inclination of the outer edge of the water pool and the height of the second-level step are not more than 45 degrees, the vertical height is calculated by the height of the bottom surface of the first-level water pool and the height of the bottom surface of the second-level water pool, the height.

3. The ecological planting and breeding method for rice salamanders and the pond concurrently used as the water logging for pest control according to claim 1, wherein the fish ditch is deep enough to remove soft mud, the fish pool is 10 cm deeper than the fish ditch, the area of the fish pool is 5% of the total area, and the width of the circular ditch and the fish ditch is 50cm-70 cm.

4. The ecological planting and breeding method for rice salamanders and rice salamanders, which is used as a pond and is flooded with water to prevent and control insect pests according to claim 1, is characterized in that the pond needs to be insulated and shaded, water inlet and outlet pipes are buried underground deeply to keep the temperature, cold water with the water temperature not exceeding 23 ℃ is introduced into a water source, water is supplied for years, the cold water is used for controlling the temperature in the cave, and the effect of low temperature in the cave is achieved.

5. The ecological planting and breeding method for rice salamanders and rice plants for preventing and treating insect pests by both flooding and water logging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice seeds are selected from the varieties with compact spike shapes, upward slant extension, plant heights of about 1 meter, and high rice disease resistance in a mature period of not more than 135 days.

6. The ecological planting and breeding method for rice salamanders and fish ponds used for preventing and treating insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the fish fries are carp, grass carp, crucian carp, croaker and giant salamander, and the number of the fish fries is respectively as follows: 50-100 g/mu of carp, 150-100 g/mu of grass carp, 100-40 g/mu of croaker, 100-50-) g/mu of crucian carp, 300-500 g/mu of giant salamander, and the number of thrown giant salamander fries is not limited, and fish fries and frog fries except giant salamander are thrown in 3 months and 6 middle-aged ten days of giant salamander.

7. The ecological planting and breeding method for rice salamanders with the functions of field pond and water flooding for pest control according to claim 1, wherein the water flooding method comprises the following steps: when the pests are just emulsified or when the pests happen, plants are completely flooded with water, the flooding time is 30-60min each time, flooding is prohibited in the four stages of pregnancy and breeding, the flowering stage and the grouting stage of the rice, the flooding is carried out on a sunny day, pollution-free clean water is used for flooding, flooding is carried out quickly, and damage of flooding to the rice is reduced.

8. The ecological planting and breeding method for rice salamanders and rice salamanders, which is used as both a field and a pond and used for flooding and insect pest control, according to claim 1, is characterized in that lime water is sprayed after rice leaves are watered dry after flooding, the used lime water is saturated lime water, the spraying amount of the lime water is proper when a solution flows into water when rice is fully wet, and the lime water is forbidden to be sprayed during the flowering period of the rice.