CN109122141A - A kind of rice makees method - Google Patents
A kind of rice makees method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109122141A CN109122141A CN201811022278.3A CN201811022278A CN109122141A CN 109122141 A CN109122141 A CN 109122141A CN 201811022278 A CN201811022278 A CN 201811022278A CN 109122141 A CN109122141 A CN 109122141A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rice to make method comprising: 1) preceding crop stalk handled；2) field ditch and water management are excavated；3) escaping-preventing facilities construct；4) base applies fertilizer to the subsoil；5) early rice sowing and field management；6) fish, earthworm, chicken, duck, goose seedling and cultivation are launched；7) early rice harvesting is sowed with late rice；8) late rice field management；9) late rice harvest is sowed with pea；10) pea field management and harvest.The present invention is used using the ripe wide compartment wheel of rice-rice-Freezed pea three as core; it is aided with the method for rice field cultivating earthworm, chicken, duck, goose, fish; realize that rice makees the sustainable production of scale; rice field Production Gain is significantly improved while stablizing grain-production, not only changes rice field plant structure, the leguminous plant pea newly introduced; it is harvest purpose with Chinese olive; economic value is high, ornamental value is good, infertile field effect is good, and changes rice field animal arrangement, improves the biomass of animal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Rotation in Paddy Field cultivation management method, especially a kind of rice makees method.
Background technique
According to statistics, about 200,000,000 tons of China's rice gross annual output in 2017, paddy shows high yield, high purchase volume, high inventory
Amount is locally in the presence of " overproduction ".Under the soaring background with paddy price declines of paddy import volume, single cropping water
Rice benefit ratio is lower.The phenomenon that Higher output is not accompanied by a higher income affects the enthusiasm that peasant plants grain, and local middle-and-low-yielding fields is caused to let a piece of farmland go to waste
Phenomenon, pole are unfavorable for national food security.
200000000 tons of paddy can produce 2.4 hundred million tons of stalks (estimating by grain stalk ratio 1:1.2), contain a large amount of organic matter in stalk,
N P and K and microelement, npk nutrient content is equivalent to more than 160 ten thousand tons of urea, more than 233 ten thousand tons of peroxophosphoric acid in 200,000,000 tons of stalks
Calcium, more than 233 ten thousand tons of potassium sulfates.Research shows that crop material carries out turning over returning to the field or mulching and returning is that an effective volume increase is arranged
It applies, can generally increase production 4% or more, but China's agricultural straw resource is largely burnt as rural household's life fuel or in field
It burns or is huddled by throwing aside, not only cause the serious waste of stalk resource, but also also result in the pollution of environment.
In addition, Rice Production extensiveization trend comes back, chemical fertilizer is still excessively used with pesticide, and farmland ecological environment pressure is still
It is larger.While the Rice Production site preparation soaked field bottleneck problem that water is also in multiple cropping crop production, China's Multicropping rice are raw
Preceding season harvesting uses track combine operation after generally all taking dry field in production, and arable layer has dehydrated, and is received with carrying
Cutting mill operation, soaked field of then pouring water generally need 150 cubic meter of water per acre, but also require in shortest time meet demand
To reduce agriculture consumption, therefore often there are water use disputes in Rice Production double rush for harvesting and sowing season.China's rice growing area 4.55 hundred million in 2017
Mu, soaked field is with 69,800,000,000 cubes of water, this link is the main body of Rice Production water, and Rice Production is agricultural production with water
With the main body of water, and agricultural production is the main body of China's Water Consumption, thus save this link of soaked field with water concerning
China's water overall situation.The high yield occurred in Rice Production and high quality contradiction how are solved under the new situation this, high yield and are received
Enter the contradiction of decline, high yield and the contradiction of Environmental security etc. become the bottleneck problem that must currently solve.
Chinese patent CN201410013761.0 discloses a kind of triple-cropping system early rice ecological ditch live streaming based on double cropping of rice
Cultural method, and the advantages of detail ecological ditch direct-sowing cultivating method in the background technology, be conducive to deep-fertilizing and raising
The utilization efficiency of fertilizer improves soil aeration, improves the utilization efficiency of natural precipitation, realizes early rice plantation three and exempts from: no-tillage,
Unburned stalk exempts to fill soaked field water；Operation consumption is reduced, haze is reduced, reduces irrigation water.But the invention is with double cropping of rice triple-cropping system
For object, rice field three dimensional-planting-breeding may not apply to.
Summary of the invention
For the existing rice work production output value is low, net profit is low, production intensity is big, natural risk is big, and production process liquid manure
Survival dose is big, Returning Application of Crop Straw is difficult, pest control is difficult, according to the problem of anniversary in farming season in due course operation difficulty, originally
Invention provides one kind and can be achieved to increase income, reduces farming intensity and improve and resist natural risk ability, effectively control Pest organism
Evil, returning total stalks into fields, the anniversary rice of in due course operation make method.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of rice makees method comprising following step
It is rapid:
(1) it does not turn over, pour water after preceding crop harvest, by crop material or the uniform spreading of stalk clast in field；
(2) using rotary cutter type ditching machine from excavating annular ditch 10 ~ 15cm of ridge at, the excavation compartment ditch in field, and by field
It is organized into compartment face, compartment ditch and annular ditch are interconnected；The sposh in annular ditch and compartment ditch is cleared up simultaneously, and sposh is uniformly trickled down
On the face of compartment, then keeps compartment face dry, 5 ~ 10cm water layer is kept in annular ditch and compartment ditch；Annual ditch cleaning mud one later
It is secondary；
(3) escaping-preventing facilities that chicken and duck goose fish escapes and hide and harmful organism invades are prevented along the building of ridge surrounding；
(4) base applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and uses rotary cutter type ditching machine ditch cleaning immediately and screws out sposh, sposh uniform fold is on the face of compartment；
(5) using live streaming or transplanting method sow early rice, early rice plantation after, deepen compartment ditch water level, keep water level lower than compartment face 2 ~
5cm, it is continuous to be kept for 12-18 days；
(6) fry is launched within 8-12 days in compartment ditch and annular ditch after early rice plantation, and keep at least 20cm high water layer, from June
Start multiple stocking and multiple fishing, fish, remains 480-520 item per acre constantly all the year；
(7) 20 days dispensings earthworms after 25 days or transplanting after early direct sowing of rice, after earthworm dispensing, at least kept on ridge 8cm always not on
Water, compartment face are in moisture state；
(8) 35 days or 25 days dispensing baby chicks of transplanting, newly-hatched duckling and goose seedling, the dispensing ratio of baby chick, newly-hatched duckling and goose seedling after early rice emergence
For 100:2:1,20 days before rice harves, chicken and duck goose is withdrawn, lower season rice continues to launch baby chick, newly-hatched duckling and goose seedling；
(9) conventional field management is carried out to early rice；
(10) can be gathered in when early paddy kernel reaches at least 90% maturation, rice stubble height is no more than 5cm, using the broken grass of harvester and
Careless function is blown uniformly to cover stalk or stalk clast on the face of compartment；
(11) using live streaming or transplanting method sow late rice, late rice plantation after, deepen compartment ditch water level, keep water level lower than compartment face 2 ~
5cm；
(12) conventional field management is carried out to late rice；
(13) after late rice ripe and harvested, stubble height is no more than 5cm, using the broken grass of harvester and blows careless function for stalk or stalk
Clast uniformly covers on the face of compartment, uses planting and fertilizing machine with item, direct-seeding sowing pea and fertilizer immediately, and grow in pea
Period carries out conventional field management.
Above-mentioned rice further includes early rice, late rice growth period as method, determines type bait throwing at regular time and quantity to chicken, duck, goose,
General secondary, morning bait throwing in one third, dusk bait throwing in 2/3rds daily.
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, the annular ditch furrow width 30 ~ 50cm, 40 ~ 60cm of ditch depth；Wide 200 ~ the 250cm in compartment face, compartment ditch
Wide 25 ~ 40 cm, compartment 30 ~ 45cm of ditch depth.
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, and the escaping-preventing facilities construction method is, first digs deep 20 centimetres of ditch on ridge, and ditch is to rice
Field tilts 45~50 DEG C, can not be straight up and down；Then height and the moderate bamboo pole of thickness are securely inserted in ditch, 1 meter of spacing, are inserted
The position of bar is at the slight slope in ditch, close to bottom position, can not be inserted in bottom middle position, and with nylon rope by every bamboo pole
Connection；Height is finally placed on bottom of trench for 60 centimetres of 20 mesh nylon sieve bottoms, is buried with soil, gently step on to completely with original ground it is flat
It is capable or slightly higher, nylon wire and bamboo pole junction are tied with thin wire.
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, and the amount that the field base applies fertilizer to the subsoil is: the pure N total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, potash fertilizer K2O total amount
60% and whole phosphate fertilizer P2O5, or spread fertilizer over the fields the compound fertilizer of equivalent, three kinds of fertilizer total amounts be respectively as follows: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer be 144.0 ~
180.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer K2O is 115.0 ~ 144.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer P2O5For 72.0 ~ 90kg/hm2。
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, use mass concentration for millesimal " strong chlorine oil " before the early rice or late rice live streaming or
" bacterium worm is clear " solution seed soaking 5 ~ 6 hours, or " carbendazim " solution seed soaking 10 ~ 12 hours；It is rinsed well after seed soaking with clear water, with few
Kind of the diligent water that changes of more dew is principle, using the method for " daytime soaks night dew, three ups and three downs ", i.e., soaks within 8 ~ 12 hours 1 time kind, next 8 ~
Reveal 1 time kind within 12 hours, rise and fall behind by 3 times, seed is sowed after breaking chest vernalization；For hybrid rice variety, when seed soaking, frequently changes water,
Temperature when vernalization is lower than conventional rice kind, is unable to high temperature and breaks chest.
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, 20 days before the rice harvesting, at least below compartment face 15cm；Pea was emerged to the jointing stage,
Compartment ditch water level is at least below compartment face 8cm, jointing to boot stage, at least below compartment face 15cm, florescence to harvest time, at least below
Compartment face 20cm.
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, the feeding and management method of fish in the step (6) are as follows: 1) fingerling is launched: the fish launched
Kind requires physical strong, neat specification, disease-free and injury-free, the fingerling that requirement oneself of having ready conditions is cultivated, tamed, external fingerling source phase
Together, stocking model to put in a suitable place to breed based on 5 ~ 10cm long crucian, 400 ~ 600 tail per acre, with 20 tail of grass carp for supporting every tail 100g, every tail
40 tail of silver carp of 50g, 15 tail of variegated carp of every tail 50g, 100 tail of loach of every tail 5g, the river snail of every 2g 500；2) it feeds
Technology: fingerling uses little particle feed, through after a period of time adaptation, after domestication, should hold on " four is fixed ", " four see "
Feed principle；3) water quality management: will the extra excreta in water and residual often plus water and draining be discharged in the irrigation canals and ditches of rice field fish culture
Bait prevents and treats water quality deterioration, and water body is kept to have certain transparency, it is noted that observing water body color when patrolling field, and according to temperature
The appropriate water level adjusted in irrigation canals and ditches, and assist quick lime regulating water quality of splashing；4) it the prevention and treatment of fish disease: aims at prevention, daily
In production process, the disinfection for strictly getting hold of each link is closed, and periodically feeds pharmaceutical chemistry.
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, the cultivating and managing method of step (7) earthworm are as follows: 1) earthworm is launched, and puts per acre at least
The earthworm of 2cm long 10000, selection have the cloudy day or are advisable for light rain 3 ~ 5 days after launching；2) feeding of earthworm: the stalk of returning to the field, rice
Dry branches and fallen leaves, the chicken manure in field are all the natural baits of earthworm, general without feeding；3) shape: Mei Geyi is answered in the purification of vermiculture
The earthworm on bis- mound phase Ling is exchanged 1/10th by year, i.e., the second mound is guided on the first mound, the first mound is guided on the second mound,
Reduce the inbreeding of earthworm.
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, the feeding and management method of step (8) chicken are as follows: the 1) choosing of the selection of chicken kind and henhouse
Location: selection guinea fowl, Gallus domesticlus brisson, Baigong chicken, Sanhuang chicken and select place cool in summer and warm in winter, and topography is slightly higher, illumination it is sufficient and
Aeration-drying；2) feeding management of chicken: cultivation density is 100/mu, and the feed of addition is fitted based on corn and dregs of beans
When addition vitamin, minerals are supplemented, these material mixings are uniform, and every morning and evening each supplementary feeding are primary, and be fed in the morning
Half-full, the supplementary feeding in evening is carried out by the way of manually educating worm or lamplight insect lure；3) disinfection of henhouse: in the raising of chicken
In the process, periodically to coop sterilizing, when disinfection, is used in combination environment disinfected, disinfection of drinking water, band body and sterilizes, disinfectant selection alkalinity
Disinfectant, aldehyde disinfectant；4) prevention and treatment of epidemic disease: Marek's disease, bursal disease vaccine, prevention and control of fowl influenza, chicken are injected in time
Dysentery characterized by white mucous stool controls worm mouse, wild beast, and periodically to putting in a suitable place to breed carry out disinfection processing, and the chicken to die of illness removes henhouse in time and carries out innoxious
Processing.
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, the feeding and management method of step (8) duck and goose are as follows: 1) selection of duck and goose kind and duck shed
Addressing: the bigger mallard of selection market demand, kind duck, Dual Gold as far as possible；Goose selects native breed, and duck shed selects field side
The slightly higher place of upper topography, it is desirable that illumination abundance, aeration-drying；2) feeding management of duck goose: the cultivation density of duck is 2
Only/mu, 1/mu of goose, the feed of addition are properly added vitamin based on corn and dregs of beans, minerals are supplemented, by these
Material mixing is uniform, every morning and each supplementary feeding is primary at night, be fed to morning it is half-full, at night using manually educating worm or lamp
The mode of photo-induction worm carries out；3) duck shed sterilizes: periodically sterilizing to duck shed, environment disinfected, disinfection of drinking water, band are used in combination when disinfection
Body disinfection；4) prevention and treatment of epidemic disease: injection Marek's disease, bursal disease vaccine, and pay attention to communicable disease, worm mouse, wild beast
Carry out prevention and control.
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, and step (9), (12) field management include:
(1) it patrols field: combining chicken and duck fish goose feeding to carry out patrolling field sooner or later daily, observe chicken and duck goose fish food, rice growing way, furrow water
Situations such as position and whether damaged water quality, escaping-preventing facilities；
(2) top dressing: view the growth of cereal crop seedlings after emergence 30 days or transplanting after the pure N total amount of 20 days or so Nitrogen Top Dressings 30%；Rice young panicle point
Change phase, the 20% of the ear manuer view pure N total amount of growth of cereal crop seedlings nitrogen fertilizer application, potash fertilizer K2The 40% of O total amount, wherein the pure N total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer be 144.0 ~
180.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer K2O total amount is 115.0 ~ 144.0kg/hm2；
(3) Guan Shui: water management is based on the accumulation rainfall of compartment ditch, appropriate supplementary irrigation；Water management whole process to be retained, based on water storage,
Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage, after milk stage with draining based on；
(4) disease, worm, grass prevention and treatment: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control；
Above-mentioned rice makees in method, the cultivation management measure of step (13) pea: (1) date of seeding and receipts phase: on late October to November
Use planting with sowing machine ten days, mid-March in the coming year to early April receives green pod；(2) planting density and mode: drilling, per acre with kind
12 kilograms, 26 ~ 30cm of line-spacing, 16.5 ~ 20 cm of hill spacing, 3 ~ 5, every cave, and a point band plantation is carried out, it is conducive to management and ventilation；
(3) fertilising and top dressing: the light basal dressing of pea, seedling stage pay attention to top dressing, generally impose 5 ~ 7.5 kilograms of compound fertilizer per acre or urea 5 is public
Jin；Required nutrient when bearing pods of blooming is more, imposes 7.5 kilograms of urea, 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer per acre；Podding duration spray 1% urea and
0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times；(4) field management: weeding preferably early unsuitable evening disables chemical drugs with the jointing stage except a grass is advisable
Agent weeding, attention control aphid before blooming, attention control root rot, powdery mildew after flowering stage pay attention to that waterlogging occurs, especially raw
Long vigorous plot；(5) it harvests in due course: can successively harvest listing after green pea pod is full.
Scale Rice Production operation faces two low two big problems, i.e., the output value is low, net profit is low, production intensity is big, certainly
Right risk is big, and solution is first is that internal i.e. by optimized technology to improve Rice Production efficiency and labor productivity, and two
Be it is external, i.e., by such as front and back stubble of measure other than optimization rice, increase cultivation etc. to increase the output value and profit.The present invention is excellent
On the basis of changing internal technology measure, by the poultry of Rice Production season, fish, earthworm is cultivated, winter planting's garden pea realizes a field
Multi-purpose, multi-purpose water, water-saving, section fertilizer, section work while, increases output, increases profit.Especially every season crop harvesting while
Second stubble crop is planted, zero agriculture consumption, no-tillage and water-saving, saving of labor are realized.In the large-scale production harvest season, due to different rich anies influential family
Pour water simultaneously soaked field, while being turned over machinery, water, machinery, labour's three elements all can supply falls short of demand, the present invention is in the same of harvest
Lower batch of seed of the improving straw mulching of stubble before Shi Liyong solves the problems, such as the seasonal shortage of three elements.
Due to season anxiety in scale Rice Production, stalk processing becomes in large area production with effective supply soaked field water
Two bottlenecks, the present invention spatially not only realizes unburned stalk with soil pressure stalk, moreover it is possible to stalk total crop return on the spot；With
Sposh tiling compartment face in the ditch of compartment not only realizes no-tillage, moreover it is possible to exempt to fill soaked field water；Compartment face base wad is made not with stalk in time
It only realizes preceding crop harvesting and zero agriculture of early direct sowing of rice consumes, also eliminate the time of processing stalk；With the sposh in the ditch of compartment
Make the time that compartment face interface not only eliminates soaked field of pouring water, to also a save the time of site preparation.Meanwhile In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River is general
The planting system that double cropping of rice adds preceding crop three crops per annual is carried out, multiple crop index is high, and soil fertility loss is serious, the side covered with firming
Formula plays an important role fresh preceding crop returning total stalks into fields for reducing haze, raising retention capacity of soil, culture fertility.
Technical principle of the invention are as follows: the present invention using fish, chicken, duck, goose predation, trample function and construct Pest organism
Prevention and control system；Disposable to launch earthworm seed holding compartment face not ponding, permanent maintenance earthworm existence is to provide loam function；Winter
Season plants pea, picks green pod blueness grain in the April of second year, not only improves the output value, but also utilize nitrogen-fixing plants fertilizing soil；It cuts
Crushing straw, fertilising form the ecological compartment face of stalk (chemical fertilizer) layer and soil horizon, change soil plough horizon structure, while also realizing base
It is fertile to apply deeply；Compartment ditch accumulation natural precipitation and compartment ditch efficiently drain, and improve water use efficiency and soil aeration, realize organic
Fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, water resource three efficient coupling, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, volume increase.It can be in early rice, late rice, pea using the technology of the present invention
Realize that three exempt from before live streaming: no-tillage, unburned preceding crop stalk exempts to fill soaked field water, and ecological benefits are obvious: reducing operation consumption, exempts from
With pesticide stubble-cleaning, reduce haze, reduction irrigation water.
Specifically, the present invention, which forms ideal rice as shown in Figure 1, makees structure: field face forms plant, animal, farming
Layer, four layers of reservoir bed generate comprehensive function；Compartment face forms three layers of stalk layer, seed and chemical fertilizer layer, soil horizon, generates ecology
Function.There is following function by the ecological compartment that compartment face is formed:
First is that water retaining function, second layer stalk is become the water conservation layer of similar cavernous body by the compressing of upper layer sposh；
Second is that oxygen-enriched function, the similar cavernous body that second layer stalk is formed can store air and be metabolized for rice root breath；
Third is that fertilizer conservation function, is absorbed first by stalk after the chemical fertilizer dissolution mixed with stalk and accumulates, there are also sposh coverings to exempt from upper layer
Volatilization, lower layer have the topsoil pad that do not turn over to delay lower infiltration；
Fourth is that cleaning stalk function, leading to mechanical rotary tillage after total straw returning to the field or turning over operation difficulty so as to cause rice farmer burning
For straw to remove obstacles, the present invention is no-tillage and presses stalk using sposh paving to provide the basal plane of shoot transplanting equipment, forms stalk cleaning benefit
Use function.
The compartment ditch and annular ditch form ecological ditch structure: the sposh of ditch bottom carries out 1 centimetre of water layer or more of lid sposh.
Ecological ditch function is as follows:
First is that drain function, excludes the excessive moisture being seeped into ecological ditch from arable layer side；
Second is that the arable layer under oxygen supply function, with compartment face constitutes air convection channel, supplied oxygen for crop root mass；
Third is that providing lid material for stalk, the sposh in ditch is raised with water rotation to compartment face, muddy water paving pressure stalk by helix ditching machine；
Fourth is that breeding function, compartment ditch can breeding loach and yellow eel, form breeding spaces.
The method of the present invention has following comprehensive function:
First is that ecological functions, the anti-disease-control of second layer chicken, duck, goose, fish, worm, grass, snake, mouse, yellow weasel, earthworm movement add with predation
Fast substance circulation, improves soil physics and chemical structure, thus fertilizing soil；
Second is that oxygen-enriched function, the similar cavernous body that second layer stalk is formed can store air and be metabolized for rice root breath；
Third is that fertilizer conservation function, is absorbed first by stalk after chemical fertilizer dissolution and accumulate, there are also sposh to cover non-volatile on upper layer, and lower layer has not
The topsoil pad turned over delays lower infiltration；
Lead to mechanical rotary tillage fourth is that circulatory function, after total straw returning to the field or turn over operation difficulty to burn straw so as to cause rice farmer
To remove obstacles, the present invention is no-tillage and uses improving straw mulching seed and chemical fertilizer, and moisturizing, fertilizer conservation simultaneously form straw circulating using function.
Carry out production by the method for the present invention to form ideal rice and make structure: connecing has water in batch phase compartment ditch, compartment face 5cm depth range
Inside there is earthworm, compartment face seed is uniformly distributed and in a strip shape, chemical fertilizer is uniformly distributed compartment face, has fish in the ditch of compartment；This ideal rice makes knots
Structure has following function:
First is that water-saving function, no-tillage no fills direct-sowing dry, and the improving straw mulching harvested using preceding stubble forms anhydrous wettable layer, improves
Germination percentage.
Second is that stabilization function, arable layer no-tillage no is filled, and no water layer in 5cm, keeps the physical structure of soil below the table of compartment, is tieed up
Hold soil animal, microhabital.
Third is that covering function, by harvester by the improving straw mulching of blowout on the second stubble crop seed of germination, both moisturizing,
Heat preservation, and anti-bird pest, are conducive to second stubble crop seed growth；
Fourth is that breeding function, compartment ditch can cultivate crucian, grass carp, silver carp, bighead, can also cultivate a small amount of loach, river snail, be formed aquatic
The ecologic structure of animal is all distributed aquatic animal in the layer of the upper, middle and lower of water body.
The topsoil function fifth is that plant is increased fertilizer, winter planting's legume pea only takes Chinese olive as vegetables, most of nitrogenous
Stalk retain rice field, increase soil N, C, fertilizing soil.
Sixth is that animal fertilizing topsoil and function of water body, cultivate the excreta fertilizing water that grass carp, silver carp, bighead are formed the anniversary
Body, topsoil reside earthworm conversion stalk and clast fertilizing soil.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) present invention is used using the ripe wide compartment wheel of rice-rice-Freezed pea three as core, is aided with rice field cultivating earthworm, chicken, duck, goose, fish
Method, realize rice make the sustainable production of scale, rice field Production Gain is significantly improved while stablizing grain-production, not only
Rice field plant structure is changed, the leguminous plant pea newly introduced is harvest purpose with Chinese olive, economic value is high, ornamental value is good,
Infertile field effect is good, and changes rice field animal arrangement, improves the biomass of animal.
2) pulse family and gramineous crop crop rotation and breeding earthworm, chicken, duck, fish etc. increase soil carbon, nitrogen in the present invention
Content, pea root residue, the wormcast, chicken manure newly increased are rich in nitrogen, are conducive to plough horizon structural improvement.
3) present invention realizes that early rice, late rice, three season of pea production three are exempted from: no-tillage, unburned stalk exempts to fill soaked field water, ecology
Benefit is evident: reducing operation consumption, reduces haze, reduces irrigation water, is conducive to fertilizer Rational Application and improves the benefit of fertilizer
With efficiency, carriage body storage, drainability and the utilization efficiency for improving natural precipitation are improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to form paddy soil hierarchical chart after one embodiment of the invention is implemented.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
Rice of the present invention make one specific embodiment of method the following steps are included:
(1) preceding crop stalk is handled: it does not turn over, pour water after preceding crop harvest, crop material or stalk clast is uniform
Spreading is on the face of field.When to crop material processing, preceding crop is gathered in using combine harvester, as harvester carries broken careless function
Can, then crop material is uniformly shredded to spreading on the face of compartment；If harvester is without broken careless function, then widen harvester discharge gate,
Expand stalk to be scattered face, by the uniform spreading of stalk on the face of compartment.
(2) compartment ditch and water management are excavated: after preceding crop returning to the field, using rotary cutter type ditching machine from 10 ~ 15cm of ridge
Annular ditch, 30 ~ 50cm of furrow width, 40 ~ 60cm of ditch depth excavate in place, and field is organized into compartment face, the wide 200 ~ 250cm in compartment face, compartment ditch
Wide 25 ~ 40 cm, compartment 30 ~ 45cm of ditch depth, compartment ditch and annular ditch are interconnected；Annular ditch and compartment ditch sposh are screwed out simultaneously, uniformly
It trickles down on the face of compartment, then keeps compartment face dry, 5 ~ 10cm water layer is kept in ditch；Annual ditch cleaning mud is primary later,
Effect is ditch cleaning.
(3) escaping-preventing facilities construct: to prevent chicken, duck, goose, fish from escaping and hiding and harmful organism intrusion, constructing along ridge surrounding.
Escaping-preventing facilities construction method is: deep 20 centimetres of ditch is first dug on ridge, ditch tilts 45~50 DEG C to rice field, can not
Straight up and down；Then height and the moderate bamboo pole of thickness are securely inserted in ditch, 1 meter of spacing, the position of inserted link is the soil in ditch
At slope, close to bottom position, it can not be inserted in bottom middle position, and every bamboo pole is connected with nylon rope；Finally will highly be
60 centimetres of 20 mesh nylon sieve bottoms are placed on bottom of trench, are buried with soil, gently step on to completely parallel or slightly higher with original ground, use thin wire
Nylon wire and bamboo pole junction are tied.
(4) base applies fertilizer to the subsoil: direct sowing of rice uses planting and fertilizing machine row replacement, and transplanting is spread fertilizer over the fields using tradition, and the pure N of radix heap is total
Amount 50%, potash fertilizer K260% and whole phosphate fertilizer P of O total amount2O5, or the compound fertilizer of equivalent is spread fertilizer over the fields, wherein three kinds of fertilizer total amount difference
Are as follows: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 144.0 ~ 180.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer K2O is 115.0 ~ 144.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer P2O5For 72.0 ~
90kg/hm2.After base applies fertilizer to the subsoil, rotary cutter type ditching machine ditch cleaning is used immediately and screws out sposh, sposh uniform fold is on the face of compartment.
(5) early rice is sowed:
1) be broadcast live: direct sowing of rice breaks chest seed rice using seeding and fertilizing dirlling by seeder；
2) transplant: base fertilising material uses rice transplanting transplanting immediately, rice transplanting drive end unit is lifted, rice shoot falls on compartment face with after ditch cleaning
Sposh on, root system and sposh are in close contact, and root of hair comes into leaves.Rice transplanting preferably selects yin, rainy day, and such as fine day is then newly-increased to be covered film and arrange
It applies, that is, rice transplanting immediately after ditching covers film immediately, plays moisture-keeping function, without support when overlay film, directly covers and is losing seedling
On the face of compartment, drop back within 48 hours from for next group covering；After Rice Cropping, deepen compartment ditch water level, water level is lower than 2 ~ 5cm of field face,
It is continuous to be kept for 15 days or so.
(6) it launches fry: putting within 10 days after Rice Cropping seedling, selection has the opportunity of 3 to 5 fine days to throw seedling after launching, per acre
Launch 5 ~ 10cm of length crucian seedling 400 ~ 600, can also suitably reduce crucian quantity, suitably mixed breeding grass carp, silver carp, variegated carp,
Loach, river snail.After seedling is launched, furrow at least keeps 20cm or more water layer.Since June, start multiple stocking and multiple fishing, throughout the year not
Disconnected fish, remains 500 or so per acre.
The cultivating and managing method of fish are as follows: 1) fingerling is launched: the fingerling requirement launched is physical strong, and neat specification is disease-free
Without wound, the fingerling that requirement oneself of having ready conditions is cultivated, tamed, external fingerling source is identical, and stocking model to put 5 ~ 10cm in a suitable place to breed per acre
Based on long 400 ~ 600 tail of crucian, with 20 tail of grass carp for supporting every tail 100g, 40 tail of silver carp of every tail 50g, the variegated carp of every tail 50g
15 tails, 100 tail of loach of every tail 5g, the river snail of every 2g 500；2) feeding technic: fingerling uses little particle feed, passes through
After the adaptation of a period of time, domestication, should hold on " four is fixed ", " four see " feeds principle, four fixed i.e. fixed points, timing, determine matter,
Quantitative, four see the activity condition for seeing season, seeing weather, see water quality, seeing fish；3) water quality management: the irrigation canals and ditches of rice field fish culture will be through
The extra excreta and residual bait in water is discharged in Chang Jiashui and draining, prevents and treats water quality deterioration, and water body is kept to have centainly transparent
Degree it is noted that observing water body color when patrolling field, and suitably adjusts the water level in irrigation canals and ditches according to temperature, and assists quick lime tune of splashing
Water-saving matter；4) prevention and treatment of fish disease: fish disease aims at prevention, and in daily production process, strictly gets hold of disappearing for each link
Poison closes, and periodically feeds pharmaceutical chemistry.
(7) vermiculture: after early direct sowing of rice 25 days or transplanting after 15 days dispensing earthworms, after dispensing with have 3 to 5 cloudy days or
The opportunity of light rain is advisable, and launches length 2cm above seedling 10,000 per acre.After seedling is launched, 8cm is not at least kept on ridge always not
Upper water, compartment face are in moisture state.Earthworm only launches a seedling, generates offspring by self-reproduction.
The cultivating and managing method of earthworm are as follows: 1) earthworm is launched, and puts earthworm 10000 of at least 2cm long per acre, and selection is launched
After have cloudy day or be advisable within light rain 3 ~ 5 days；2) feeding of earthworm: the stalk of returning to the field, the dry branches and fallen leaves in rice field, chicken manure are all earthworms
Natural bait is general without feeding；3) shape is answered in the purification of vermiculture: exchanging ten every 1 year earthworm Ba bis- mound Xiang Ling
/ mono-, i.e., the second mound is guided on the first mound, the first mound is guided on the second mound, reduces the inbreeding of earthworm.
(8) chicken, duck, goose cultivation: 35 days or transplanting put baby chick, newly-hatched duckling and goose seedling in 25 days or so after early rice emergence, after dispensing
Having the opportunity of 3 to 5 fine days to throw seedling is advisable, and launches 30 age in days baby chick 100, newly-hatched duckling 2, goose seedling 1 per acre.Before rice harves
20 days, chicken and duck goose is withdrawn, lower season rice continues to launch chicken, duck and goose seedling.
The feeding and management method of chicken are as follows: the 1) addressing of the selection of chicken kind and henhouse: first is that the selection of chicken kind, selects pearl
Chicken, Gallus domesticlus brisson, Baigong chicken, Sanhuang chicken；Second is that the addressing of henhouse: selecting place cool in summer and warm in winter, topography is slightly higher, and illumination is sufficient
And aeration-drying, henhouse should be built securely, in order to avoid there is birds and beasts to enter in henhouse；2) feeding management of chicken: first is that cultivation density
Control, optimal cultivation density are 100/mu；Second is that supplementary feeding is appropriate, the feed of addition will based on corn and dregs of beans,
And it is properly added vitamin, minerals are supplemented, these material mixings are uniform, and every morning and evening each supplementary feeding are primary, morning
It is fed to half-full, the supplementary feeding in evening is carried out by the way of manually educating worm or lamplight insect lure；Third is that the disinfection of henhouse, in chicken
Breeding process in, should be periodically to coop sterilizing, there are three types of sterilization methods, should be used in combination, one is environment disinfected, one is
Disinfection of drinking water, there are also one is band bodies to sterilize.The type of disinfectant is relatively more, alkalinity can be selected to disappear according to specific circumstances
Toxic agent, aldehyde disinfectant etc..The sterilization objects of environment disinfected include henhouse, road, the living area of surrounding etc..Disinfection of drinking water master
If removing the cause of disease in water body, in order to avoid influence the intestinal health of ecological chicken.Band body disinfection mainly will be present in air,
Pathogen in face, poultry body surface is killed.Before disinfection, henhouse is cleaned up, to reduce the generation probability of pathogen,
Guarantee Disinfection Effect.Fourth is that the prevention and treatment of epidemic disease should carry out immunity inoculation for the disease incidence for reducing chicken to it in time, Ma Li is injected
Creutzfeldt jakob disease, bursal disease vaccine, and pay attention to carrying out prevention and control to communicable diseases such as bird flu, white diarrheas.Worm mouse, wild beast etc. can
It spreads the disease, to control it, and the processing that periodically to putting in a suitable place to breed carries out disinfection.For the chicken to die of illness, to be moved in time
Henhouse out, and harmless treatment is carried out to it, it is threatened in order to avoid being formed to other chickens.
The feeding and management method of duck and goose are as follows: 1) duck and the selection of goose kind and the addressing of duck shed: first is that the selection of duck kind,
The bigger kind of selection market demand as far as possible, such as mallard, kind duck, Dual Gold；The optional native breed of goose, because duck with
The life habit of goose is similar, and in addition to variety adoption, remaining is consistent with duck management.Second is that the addressing of duck shed selects field side Shangdi
Gesture is slightly higher, it is desirable that and illumination abundance, aeration-drying, duck shed should be built securely, in order to avoid there is birds and beasts to enter in duck shed.2) duck goose
Feeding management first is that cultivation density control, the optimal cultivation density of duck be 2/mu, 1/mu of goose, be conducive to chicken, fish
Symbiosis.Second is that supplementary feeding is appropriate, the feed of addition will be based on corn and dregs of beans, and is properly added vitamin, supplements minerals,
These material mixings are uniform.Every morning and each supplementary feeding is primary at night, it is fed to morning half-full, the supplementary feeding amount in evening will close
Reason.It can be used and manually educate worm or the mode of lamplight insect lure carries out, resistivity can be enhanced, improve meat, improve flavor.Third is that
Duck shed disinfection should periodically sterilize duck shed, and there are three types of sterilization methods, should be used in combination, and one is environment disinfecteds, and one is drinking-water
Disinfection, there are also one is band bodies to sterilize.Fourth is that the prevention and treatment of epidemic disease should carry out immune connect for the disease incidence for reducing chicken to it in time
Kind, Marek's disease, bursal disease vaccine are injected, and pay attention to carrying out prevention and control to communicable diseases such as bird flus.Worm mouse, wild beast danger
Evil duck group, and spread the disease, stringent prevention and control.
(9) early rice field management:
1) it patrols field: combining chicken and duck fish goose feeding to carry out patrolling field sooner or later daily, observe chicken and duck goose fish food, rice growing way, furrow water
Situations such as position and whether damaged water quality, escaping-preventing facilities；
2) top dressing: view the growth of cereal crop seedlings after emergence 30 days or transplanting after the pure N total amount of 20 days or so Nitrogen Top Dressings 30%；Rice young panicle point
Change phase, the 20% of the ear manuer view pure N total amount of growth of cereal crop seedlings nitrogen fertilizer application, potash fertilizer K2The 40% of O total amount, wherein the pure N total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer be 144.0 ~
180.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer K2O total amount is 115.0 ~ 144.0kg/hm2；
3) Guan Shui: water management is based on the accumulation rainfall of compartment ditch, appropriate supplementary irrigation；Water management whole process is to be retained, based on water storage, children
Jointing stage, after milk stage with draining based on；
4) disease, worm, grass prevention and treatment: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control.
(10) early rice is gathered in: early paddy kernel can gather in when reaching 90% or more maturation, and rice stubble height is no more than 5cm, use
The broken grass of harvester blows careless function and uniformly covers stalk or stalk clast on the face of compartment.
(11) late rice is sowed: when late rice is using live streaming, using planting and fertilizing machine that broken chest seed rice and fertilizer are broadcast live with item
Form is sowed；When rice transplanting, base fertilising material is transplanted after clearing up compartment ditch mud；Add after direct sowing of rice or transplanting
Deep compartment ditch water level, water level are lower than 2 ~ 5cm of compartment face.
(12) late rice field management:
1) it patrols field: combining chicken and duck fish goose feeding to carry out patrolling field sooner or later daily, observe chicken and duck goose fish food, rice growing way, furrow water
Situations such as position and whether damaged water quality, escaping-preventing facilities；
2) top dressing: view the growth of cereal crop seedlings after emergence 30 days or transplanting after the pure N total amount of 20 days or so Nitrogen Top Dressings 30%；Rice young panicle point
Change phase, the 20% of the ear manuer view pure N total amount of growth of cereal crop seedlings nitrogen fertilizer application, potash fertilizer K2The 40% of O total amount, wherein the pure N total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer be 144.0 ~
180.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer K2O total amount is 115.0 ~ 144.0kg/hm2；
3) Guan Shui: water management is based on the accumulation rainfall of compartment ditch, appropriate supplementary irrigation；Water management whole process is to be retained, based on water storage, children
Jointing stage, after milk stage with draining based on；
4) disease, worm, grass prevention and treatment: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control.
(13) pea sowing and field management: after late rice ripe and harvested, stubble height is no more than 5cm, is blown using harvester
Careless function uniformly covers stalk or stalk clast on the face of compartment, use planting and fertilizing machine with direct-seeding sowing pea immediately and
Fertilizer；Pea growth period carries out the field management work such as Guan Shui, diseases prevention, control grass, top dressing, and pays attention to harvest in due course.
The cultivation management measure of pea are as follows: (1) date of seeding and receipts phase: late October to early November uses planting with sowing machine,
Mid-March in the coming year to early April receives green pod；(2) planting density and mode: drilling, with per acre with kinds 12 kilograms, line-spacing 26 ~
30cm, 16.5 ~ 20 cm of hill spacing, 3 ~ 5, every cave.And a point band plantation is carried out, management and ventilation are conducive to；(3) fertilising and top dressing:
The light basal dressing of pea, seedling stage pay attention to top dressing, generally impose 5 ~ 7.5 kilograms of compound fertilizer or 5 kilograms of urea per acre；It blooms institute when bearing pods
It needs nutrient more, imposes 7.5 kilograms of urea, 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer per acre.Podding duration sprays 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times；
(4) field management: weeding is the important process of pea field pipe, and weeds birth, win honour for fertilizer influence yield, and weeding is preferably early unsuitable
Evening disables chemical agent weeding with the jointing stage except a grass is advisable.Attention control aphid before blooming, attention control after flowering stage
Root rot, powdery mildew pay attention to that waterlogging occurs, especially grow vigorous plot；(5) it harvests in due course: after green pea pod is full
Successively harvesting listing.
(14) chicken, duck and goose bait throwing in: early rice, late rice growth period determine type bait throwing at regular time and quantity, and general daily two
It is secondary, morning bait throwing in one third, dusk bait throwing in 2/3rds.
The present invention can in step (5), (11) early rice or late rice using live streaming when carry out presoaking and germinating: use one thousandth
" strong chlorine oil " or " bacterium worm is clear " solution seed soaking 5-6 hours, or " carbendazim " solution seed soaking 10-12 hours；It is rinsed after leaching through clear water
Completely, using the method for " daytime soaks night dew, three ups and three downs ".The daytime leaching night dew, three ups and three downs refer to, change water so that dew is diligent more than few kind
For principle, 8-12h soaks 1 time kind, and next 8-12h reveals 1 time kind, rises and falls behind by 3 times, and early rice is sowed after breaking chest vernalization, in
Late rice is directly sowed；For hybrid rice variety, when seed soaking, frequently changes water；Temperature when vernalization is lower than conventional rice kind, cannot
High temperature breaks chest.
Structure as shown in Figure 1 is formed after implementing according to the method for the present invention in rice field, wherein first unit is First Year first
The wormcast and topsoil mixed layer formed after the plantation of season early rice, second unit are to be formed after First Year first season early rice is planted
Chicken manure, duck excrement and ditch mud mixed layer, third unit are the early rice stalk layer formed after First Year first season early rice is planted, and the 4th is single
Member is the first, second and third unit mixed layer formed after First Year second season late rice is planted, and Unit the 5th is the evening First Year second season
The wormcast that is formed and soil mixed layer after seed rice is planted, Unit the 6th be the chicken manure formed after the plantation of First Year second season late rice,
Duck excrement and ditch mud mixed layer, Unit the 7th are the late rice stalk layer formed after First Year second season late rice is planted, and Unit the 8th is
The first-seven unit mixed layer formed after the plantation of First Year third quarter pea, Unit the 9th are the plantation of First Year third quarter pea
The wormcast that is formed afterwards and soil mixed layer, Unit the tenth be the chicken manure formed after the plantation of First Year third quarter pea, duck excrement with
Ditch mud mixed layer, Unit the 11st are the pea stalk layer formed after First Year third quarter pea is planted.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of rice makees method, it is characterized in that the following steps are included:
(1) it does not turn over, pour water after preceding crop harvest, by crop material or the uniform spreading of stalk clast in field；
(2) using rotary cutter type ditching machine from excavating annular ditch 10 ~ 15cm of ridge at, the excavation compartment ditch in field, and by field
It is organized into compartment face, compartment ditch and annular ditch are interconnected；The sposh in annular ditch and compartment ditch is cleared up simultaneously, and sposh is uniformly trickled down
On the face of compartment, then keeps compartment face dry, 5 ~ 10cm water layer is kept in annular ditch and compartment ditch；Annual ditch cleaning mud one later
It is secondary；
(3) escaping-preventing facilities that chicken and duck goose fish escapes and hide and harmful organism invades are prevented along the building of ridge surrounding；
(4) base applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and uses rotary cutter type ditching machine ditch cleaning immediately and screws out sposh, sposh uniform fold is on the face of compartment；
(5) using live streaming or transplanting method sow early rice, early rice plantation after, deepen compartment ditch water level, keep water level lower than compartment face 2 ~
5cm, it is continuous to be kept for 12-18 days；
(6) fry is launched within 8-12 days in compartment ditch and annular ditch after early rice plantation, and keep at least 20cm high water layer, from June
Start multiple stocking and multiple fishing, fish, remains 480-520 item per acre constantly all the year；
(7) 20 days dispensings earthworms after 25 days or transplanting after early direct sowing of rice, after earthworm dispensing, at least kept on ridge 8cm always not on
Water, compartment face are in moisture state；
(8) 35 days or 25 days dispensing baby chicks of transplanting, newly-hatched duckling and goose seedling, the dispensing ratio of baby chick, newly-hatched duckling and goose seedling after early rice emergence
For 100:2:1,20 days before rice harves, chicken and duck goose is withdrawn, lower season rice continues to launch baby chick, newly-hatched duckling and goose seedling；
(9) conventional field management is carried out to early rice；
(10) can be gathered in when early paddy kernel reaches at least 90% maturation, rice stubble height is no more than 5cm, using the broken grass of harvester and
Careless function is blown uniformly to cover stalk or stalk clast on the face of compartment；
(11) using live streaming or transplanting method sow late rice, late rice plantation after, deepen compartment ditch water level, keep water level lower than compartment face 2 ~
5cm；
(12) conventional field management is carried out to late rice；
(13) after late rice ripe and harvested, stubble height is no more than 5cm, using the broken grass of harvester and blows careless function for stalk or stalk
Clast uniformly covers on the face of compartment, uses planting and fertilizing machine with item, direct-seeding sowing pea and fertilizer immediately, and grow in pea
Period carries out conventional field management.
2. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, it is characterized in that further include early rice, late rice growth period, to chicken,
Duck, goose determine type bait throwing at regular time and quantity, general secondary, morning bait throwing in one third, dusk bait throwing in 2/3rds daily.
3. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that 30 ~ 50cm of the annular ditch furrow width, ditch depth 40 ~
60cm；Wide 200 ~ the 250cm in compartment face, 25 ~ 40 cm of compartment furrow width, compartment 30 ~ 45cm of ditch depth.
4. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that the escaping-preventing facilities construction method is, first in field
Deep 20 centimetres of ditch is dug on the ridge, ditch tilts 45~50 DEG C to rice field, can not be straight up and down；Then by height and the moderate bamboo of thickness
Pole is securely inserted in ditch, and 1 meter of spacing, the position of inserted link is that, close to bottom position, can not be inserted among bottom at the slight slope in ditch
Position, and connected every bamboo pole with nylon rope；Height is finally placed on bottom of trench for 60 centimetres of 20 mesh nylon sieve bottoms, with soil
It buries, gently steps on to completely parallel or slightly higher with original ground, tied nylon wire and bamboo pole junction with thin wire.
5. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that the amount that the field base applies fertilizer to the subsoil is: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer
Total amount 50%, potash fertilizer K260% and whole phosphate fertilizer P of O total amount2O5, or the compound fertilizer of equivalent is spread fertilizer over the fields, three kinds of fertilizer total amount difference
Are as follows: the pure N of nitrogenous fertilizer is 144.0 ~ 180.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer K2O is 115.0 ~ 144.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer P2O5For 72.0 ~
90kg/hm2。
6. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that dense using quality before the early rice or late rice live streaming
Degree is millesimal " strong chlorine oil " or " bacterium worm is clear " solution seed soaking 5 ~ 6 hours, or " carbendazim " solution seed soaking 10 ~ 12 hours；
Rinsed well after seed soaking with clear water, using few kind reveal more it is diligent change water as principle, using the method for " daytime soaks night dew, three ups and three downs ", i.e., 8
1 time kind is soaked within ~ 12 hours, reveals 1 time kind within next 8 ~ 12 hours, rises and fall behind by 3 times, seed is sowed after breaking chest vernalization；For
Hybrid rice variety, when seed soaking, frequently change water, and temperature when vernalization is lower than conventional rice kind, are unable to high temperature and break chest.
7. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that 20 days before the rice harvesting, compartment ditch water level is extremely
It is lower than compartment face 15cm less；Pea was emerged to the jointing stage, and compartment ditch water level is at least below compartment face 8cm, jointing to boot stage, at least below
Compartment face 15cm, florescence to harvest time, at least below compartment face 20cm.
8. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that the feeding and management method of fish in the step (6)
Are as follows: 1) fingerling is launched: the fingerling requirement launched is physical strong, and neat specification is disease-free and injury-free, requirement oneself of having ready conditions culture,
The fingerling of domestication, external fingerling source is identical, and stocking model to put in a suitable place to breed based on 5 ~ 10cm long crucian, 400 ~ 600 tail per acre, with supporting
20 tail of grass carp of every tail 100g, 40 tail of silver carp of every tail 50g, 15 tail of variegated carp of every tail 50g, 100 tail of loach of every tail 5g,
The river snail of every 2g 500；2) feeding technic: fingerling uses little particle feed, through after a period of time adaptation, after domestication, answer
Hold on " four fixed ", " four see " feeds principle；3) water quality management: the irrigation canals and ditches of rice field fish culture will often add water and draining, row
Extra excreta and residual bait in water outlet prevents and treats water quality deterioration, and water body is kept to have certain transparency, when patrolling field it is noted that
Water body color is observed, and suitably adjusts the water level in irrigation canals and ditches according to temperature, and assists quick lime regulating water quality of splashing；4) fish disease
Prevention and treatment: aiming at prevention, and in daily production process, the disinfection for strictly getting hold of each link is closed, and periodically feeds pharmaceutical chemistry.
9. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that the cultivating and managing method of step (7) earthworm
Are as follows: 1) earthworm is launched, and puts earthworm 10000 of at least 2cm long per acre, and selection has the cloudy day or is advisable for light rain 3 ~ 5 days after launching；2)
The feeding of earthworm: the stalk of returning to the field, the dry branches and fallen leaves in rice field, chicken manure are all the natural baits of earthworm, general without feeding；3)
Shape is answered in the purification of vermiculture: the earthworm on bis- mound phase Ling being exchanged 1/10th every 1 year, i.e., the first mound is guided to the
Second mound is guided to the first mound, reduces the inbreeding of earthworm by two mounds.
10. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that the feeding and management method of step (8) chicken
Are as follows: 1) addressing of the selection of chicken kind and henhouse: selection guinea fowl, Gallus domesticlus brisson, Baigong chicken, Sanhuang chicken, and select ground cool in summer and warm in winter
Side, topography is slightly higher, illumination abundance and aeration-drying；2) feeding management of chicken: cultivation density is 100/mu, addition
Feed is properly added vitamin based on corn and dregs of beans, supplements minerals, these material mixings are uniform, every morning
It is primary with each supplementary feeding at night, be fed to morning it is half-full, the supplementary feeding in evening by the way of manually educating worm or lamplight insect lure into
Row；3) disinfection of henhouse: in the breeding process of chicken, periodically to coop sterilizing, environment disinfected is used in combination in when disinfection, drinking-water disappears
Poison, band body sterilize, and disinfectant selects alkaline disinfectant, aldehyde disinfectant；4) prevention and treatment of epidemic disease: in time inject Marek's disease,
Bursal disease vaccine, prevention and control of fowl influenza, white diarrhea control worm mouse, wild beast, and periodically to putting in a suitable place to breed carry out disinfection processing, dies of illness
Chicken removes henhouse in time and carries out harmless treatment.
11. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that the feeding and management method of step (8) duck and goose
Are as follows: 1) duck and the selection of goose kind and the addressing of duck shed: the bigger mallard of selection market demand, kind duck, Jin Ding as far as possible
Duck；Goose selects native breed, and duck shed selects the place that topography is slightly higher on the side of field, it is desirable that illumination abundance, aeration-drying；2) duck goose
Feeding management: the cultivation density of duck is 2/mu, 1/mu of goose, and the feed of addition is and appropriate based on corn and dregs of beans
Vitamin is added, minerals are supplemented, these material mixings are uniform, and every morning and evening each supplementary feeding are primary, are fed to half morning
It is full, it is carried out by the way of manually educating worm or lamplight insect lure at night；3) duck shed sterilizes: periodically sterilizing to duck shed, disinfection
When be used in combination environment disinfected, disinfection of drinking water, band body sterilize；4) prevention and treatment of epidemic disease: injection Marek's disease, bursal disease epidemic disease
Seedling, and pay attention to carrying out prevention and control to communicable disease, worm mouse, wild beast.
12. a kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that step (9), (12) field management include:
(1) it patrols field: combining chicken and duck fish goose feeding to carry out patrolling field sooner or later daily, observe chicken and duck goose fish food, rice growing way, furrow water
Situations such as position and whether damaged water quality, escaping-preventing facilities；
(2) top dressing: view the growth of cereal crop seedlings after emergence 30 days or transplanting after the pure N total amount of 20 days or so Nitrogen Top Dressings 30%；Rice young panicle point
Change phase, the 20% of the ear manuer view pure N total amount of growth of cereal crop seedlings nitrogen fertilizer application, potash fertilizer K2The total amount of the 40% of O total amount, three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer
Pure N is 144.0 ~ 180.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer K2O is 115.0 ~ 144.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer P2O5For 72.0 ~ 90kg/hm2；
(3) Guan Shui: water management is based on the accumulation rainfall of compartment ditch, appropriate supplementary irrigation；Water management whole process to be retained, based on water storage,
Panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage, after milk stage with draining based on；
(4) disease, worm, grass prevention and treatment: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control；
A kind of rice according to claim 1 makees method, characterized in that the cultivation management measure of step (13) pea: (1) broadcasts
Phase and receipts phase: late October to early November uses planting with sowing machine, and mid-March in the coming year to early April receives green pod；(2) it plants
Density and mode: drilling, with per acre with kinds 12 kilograms, 26 ~ 30cm of line-spacing, 16.5 ~ 20 cm of hill spacing, 3 ~ 5, every cave, and it is real
Row point band plantation, is conducive to management and ventilation；(3) fertilising and top dressing: the light basal dressing of pea, seedling stage pay attention to top dressing, generally chase after per acre
Apply 5 ~ 7.5 kilograms of compound fertilizer or 5 kilograms of urea；Required nutrient when bearing pods of blooming is more, imposes 7.5 kilograms of urea, compound fertilizer 5 per acre
Kilogram；Podding duration sprays 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times；(4) field management: weeding preferably early unsuitable evening, with the jointing stage
Grass is advisable except one time, disables chemical agent weeding, attention control aphid before blooming, attention control root rot, white powder after flowering stage
Disease pays attention to that waterlogging occurs, especially grows vigorous plot；(5) it harvests: can successively be harvested after green pea pod is full in due course
City.
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| CN111771652A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-16 | 丽水市农林科学研究院 | Lily-thunberg fritillary bulb-rice fish symbiotic grain circulation alternate planting method |
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