CN114402731A - Biological cultivation method for mucilaginous soil of greenhouse - Google Patents

Biological cultivation method for mucilaginous soil of greenhouse Download PDF

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CN114402731A
CN114402731A CN202111572386.XA CN202111572386A CN114402731A CN 114402731 A CN114402731 A CN 114402731A CN 202111572386 A CN202111572386 A CN 202111572386A CN 114402731 A CN114402731 A CN 114402731A
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soil
greenhouse
white gourd
earthworms
gourd
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陈洁
刘伟斌
陈文燕
雷裕
曾继飞
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Yancheng Institute of Technology
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • A01K67/0332—Earthworms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention discloses a biological cultivation method of mucilaginous soil of a greenhouse, which relates to the field of soil improvement and comprises the following steps: regulating and controlling soil moisture of a greenhouse; step two, selecting and subpackaging earthworms; step three, wetting and inoculating the earthworms; step four, performing conventional management measures of the greenhouse: fifthly, adding materials into the greenhouse; the patent uses a popular earthworm with rotten wax gourd as a food resource as a main body, and combines the environment control technologies such as greenhouse soil moisture, greenhouse temperature and the like to solve the problems of poor tilth and difficult release of nutrients of the clay soil.

Description

Biological cultivation method for mucilaginous soil of greenhouse
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a biological cultivation method for mucilaginous soil of a greenhouse.
Background
The facility agriculture is a facility project which adopts an artificial technical means to change natural light and temperature conditions and create environmental factors for optimizing the growth of animals and plants so as to enable the animals and plants to grow all weather, is an important component of modern agriculture and is widely built on various soils, wherein a greenhouse is the most important form at present.
The greenhouse is constructed by adopting a light-transmitting covering material and a framework, so that a favorable environment which can preserve heat and moisture and is suitable for growth of various crops such as fruit and vegetable seedlings and the like is formed. The greenhouse constructed in the clay soil (such as the rice soil of lake matrix in the river basin of Riyu of Jiangsu) has a great number of problems due to the high clay content of the soil, although the water and fertilizer retention capacity is strong, such as: because the pores among the soil particles are small and lack large pores, the soil compactness is high, the air permeability is low, the soil microbial activity is weak, the release of available nutrients is slow, the growth of plant roots is difficult, the later-stage fructification is influenced, and the quality of certain economic crops is also influenced; when the soil is too dry, the soil is easy to be bonded and bumpy, when the irrigation is carried out, the water leakage is slow, the water is easy to be stagnant and waterlogged, when the irrigation is too wet, the soil is easy to adhere to agricultural machinery and appliances, and the soil humidity range and the mechanical tillage depth which are suitable for tillage are very limited.
There are various ways to improve clay soil.
1) The sand-doped sand covering can effectively increase the ventilation holes of the soil and reduce the holes of capillary tubes and the volume weight of the soil, the effect is improved along with the increase of the using amount, but the using amount and the engineering amount are larger (15-20 tons of river sand soil are applied per mu).
2) Powdered conditioners such as waste coal cinder, fly ash, vermiculite, biomass charcoal and the like are mixed, and mechanical rotary tillage is adopted, so that the cost is considered, and the powdered conditioners have certain influence on the body health of operators.
3) The application of organic fertilizer can improve the ventilation of clay soil and increase nutrients, but the same higher cost influences farmers to adopt the strategy.
4) Agricultural measures are taken, and a large amount of agricultural surplus wastes such as rice husks, corn straws, soybean straws and the like are returned to the field.
Agricultural measures are a mainstream way for improving the clay soil, wherein a large amount of agricultural surplus wastes such as rice husks, corn straws and soybean straws are returned to the field, so that the soil permeability and the soil organic matter content can be effectively improved, the cost is reduced, and the ecological environment protection is facilitated. However, in the environment of the greenhouse, due to space limitation, large-scale mechanical operation is not suitable for soil plowing operation, and cultivation can be performed only when the soil is dry, and soil moisture needs to be regulated again before sowing or transplanting. The popularization and the application of the environment-friendly and economic approach are limited.
Earthworms, called "soil ecology engineers", are not only good indicators of soil quality, but also widely used in the field of soil environment improvement and restoration. According to their life and habitation habits, earthworms are often classified into superficial-inhabiting earthworms mainly feeding on dead branches and fallen leaves, deep-inhabiting earthworms similarly feeding on litter but inhabiting deep in the soil and extending longitudinally from the cave path to the depth, and internal-inhabiting earthworms mainly feeding on soil minerals and organic matter particles to produce a large amount of earthworm feces in the soil. Since endosomal earthworms are more resistant to artificial perturbations than the other two types, they are the relatively dominant species in agricultural planting soil. Under the conditions of supplying food resources and ensuring certain soil moisture, earthworms can remarkably promote the change of local soil structure while producing life activities such as earthworm feces, digging holes and the like by eating a large amount of soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art of improving the clay soil in the greenhouse, and provides a biological cultivation method of the clay soil in the greenhouse, which aims to realize the economic, environment-friendly and multifunctional improvement of the clay soil in the greenhouse by taking rotten wax gourds as food to induce endogenous earthworms to have stable and active population in the environment of the greenhouse with controllable temperature and humidity, thereby realizing the method for remarkably increasing soil aggregates and ventilation pores and promoting the mineralization of soil organic matters in a short time.
The technical scheme is as follows: a biological cultivation method of mucilaginous soil of a greenhouse comprises the following steps:
step one, regulating and controlling soil moisture of the greenhouse:
adopting a drip irrigation automatic control system and applying fermented and rotten wax gourds to the greenhouse soil, and adjusting the water content of the soil dry basis of the greenhouse plough layer to 55-80% of field water capacity;
step two, selecting and subpackaging earthworms:
selecting Lauraria Suffruticosa as a variety of earthworms, selecting an individual with a thick body and an active state, temporarily packing the individual earthworms with the weight of 1.2-2.2g in paper cups, putting 95-150g or 80-120 earthworms in each cup, covering the cup mouth with a mosquito net gauze, and tightly wrapping the cup mouth with a rubber band; the dosage of each cup is 1m2The dosage of the internally inoculated earthworms;
step three, wetting and inoculating earthworms:
under the condition of sufficient illumination in the daytime, the earthworms in the paper cup are moistened by adding water, and the earthworms in the paper cup are scattered in the surrounding area where the rotten white gourds are placed;
step four, performing conventional management measures of the greenhouse:
regularly irrigating to keep the soil moist, so that the moisture content of the dry soil is in the range of 45-100% of field moisture capacity, and the temperature of the soil is maintained in the range of 10-28 ℃.
Further, the specific operation of the step one is as follows:
step a), firstly, adopting a drip irrigation automatic control system to adjust the soil moisture of the greenhouse, and adjusting the soil dry basis moisture content of a plough layer of the greenhouse to 50-75% of field moisture capacity;
step b), the water content of the dry soil base is increased to 55-80% of the field water capacity by applying the white gourd, namely, the field water capacity is increased by at least 5% by applying the white gourd;
calculating the application amount of the wax gourds, distributing the complete wax gourds to a land for planting crops in a greenhouse, simultaneously carrying out artificial scratching on the surfaces of the wax gourds, and contacting wound surfaces of the wax gourds with the surface of soil;
the temperature of the soil is kept at 15-20 ℃ through a greenhouse temperature control system, the soil is kept at the temperature for 3-5 days, the rotting degree of the wax gourds is checked during the period, until the pulp is rotted to be pasty, and the water is divided out, namely the fermentation and the rotting of the wax gourds are completed.
Further, in the step one, the thickness of a plough layer of the greenhouse is 0-30 cm;
step a), adopting an automatic irrigation control system to regulate the soil moisture of the greenhouse, namely designing irrigation quota and water dropper flow according to the performance parameters of a drip irrigation system and the soil property;
1) the formula of the irrigation quota is Q ═ rho hp (omega max-omega real)/eta, wherein rho is the soil volume weight, h is the irrigation depth, p is the designed soil wetting ratio, omega max and omega real-time dry basis water content are the upper dry basis water content and the real-time dry basis water content of the soil respectively, and eta is the effective rate of the irrigation system;
2) the design of the flow of the dripper takes the condition of not generating continuous water flow as a standard so as to avoid waterlogging and ponding, and the irrigation is stopped until a soil layer of 30cm is fully wetted;
3) closing an air port of the greenhouse after irrigation, and keeping the greenhouse in a closed state for 1 day;
the calculation method for calculating the wax gourd application amount in the step b) is as follows:
1) first, calculate (m) per unit area2) The returning amount of wax gourd is M (kg) ═ ρ h δω/ωmWhere ρ is the volume weight of soil (kg/m)3) H is the active depth (m) of earthworm, deltaωFor increasing the dry basis water content, omega, of the soil by application of wax gourdmThe water content of the white gourd is the dry basis water content;
2) then, the total amount of white gourd needed is calculated according to the total planting area.
Further, the manual scratching in the step b) is to scratch two wounds with the depth of 2-5cm by using a utility knife or a fruit knife along the axial direction of the wax gourd.
Further, in the step three, the wetting operation of the earthworms is to lightly wet the earthworms in the cups by using a washing bottle filled with irrigation water, and the water consumption of each cup is about 50-80 ml.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps of:
according to the rotting degree of the white gourd on the surface of the soil, when only white gourd peel is visible, the white gourd is added again to supplement the earthworm food resources, and the supplemented white gourd is cut into pieces and laid on the periphery of the soil with relatively concentrated earthworm casts.
Further, before the first step, the width of the ridge is 0.8-1.5m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, and the distance between the ridges is 50-80 cm; and after the first step is finished, mulching the white gourd, shortening the rotting and fermenting time of the white gourd to 2-4 days, and uncovering the mulching film after the fermentation and the rotting are finished.
Further, the white gourd is sowed in an area where crops are not planted, the white gourd with gray peel growing along the ground is selected as a variety, when the white gourd grows to a fruit setting period, the white gourd is placed in the middle of the drip irrigation belt in parallel, and after the white gourd grows to be mature, the white gourd is picked up to serve as a white gourd source.
Further, the first step specifically comprises:
1) firstly, calculating irrigation water required for adjusting the water content of a soil dry basis of a greenhouse cultivation layer to 50-75% of field capacity by adopting a drip irrigation automatic control system; then calculating the wax gourd amount for adjusting the water content of the dry soil base to 55-80% of field water capacity; selecting waste white gourd, namely skew white gourd and bad white gourd;
2) putting the crooked white gourd and bad white gourd into an accommodating box 1/4, adding a sealing cover, fermenting, storing the accommodating box at 15-20 ℃, fermenting and decaying the white gourd after 2 days, moving the accommodating box into a greenhouse field, filling a part of irrigation water into the accommodating box to dilute the decayed white gourd, and directly irrigating the soil in the greenhouse with a plastic ladle; the rest irrigation water is directly dropped into the soil.
Has the advantages that:
the method for biological cultivation by earthworms is used for improving the clay soil of the greenhouse with poor cultivation performance and slow fertility release, and mainly has the following advantages:
(1) the proper temperature of the greenhouse and the superior environmental conditions of the soil wetland are fully utilized.
(2) The wax gourd which has sufficient water content and is easy to rot is used as a raw material, the source is sufficient and economical, the pretreatment is simple and feasible, and the soil humidity is kept while good food resources are provided for the earthworms.
(3) The earthworm species inoculated in the invention is widely-existing popular cavy earthworms, has large body size, is an earthworm species mainly eating soil mineral substance particles and organic matter particles, particularly has large eating amount in clay soil, can eat soil with several times of self body weight within one year, can be carried out under the condition that the soil is relatively wet compared with the condition of mechanically ploughing, and has low energy consumption.
(4) The earthworm biological cultivation forms stable aggregates with a granular structure with the grain diameter of 0.25-0.30mm, and the specific surface area and the air permeability of the granular structure are greatly improved compared with the conventional cultivation, thereby being beneficial to the mineralization.
(5) During the process of excretion, digging and swallowing of earthworms, the composition of microbial communities and the living environment thereof are directly and indirectly improved, and particularly, the earthworm dung is rich in mineral substances necessary for the growth of plants, thereby being more beneficial to the absorption of various nutrients by the plants and improving the utilization efficiency of the nutrients.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
In the following examples, greenhouse selection: the 3 greenhouses to be planted with grapes are built in a inland river basin with sufficient hydrothermal conditions, the soil texture is silty clay, the content of clay grains is 25% -32%, and the dry volume weight of the soil is up to 1.45g/cm3-1.60g/cm 3. A drip irrigation control system is arranged in the greenhouse, the distance between drip irrigation belts is 1.0m, the distance between drippers is 0.3m, the diameter of each drip irrigation belt is 16mm, the wall thickness is 0.18mm, the soil wetting depth is 30cm, and the maximum field water capacity is about 36%.
Example 1:
step one, regulating and controlling soil moisture of a greenhouse:
step a), firstly, adjusting the soil moisture of the greenhouse by adopting a drip irrigation automatic control system, and adjusting the soil dry basis moisture content of a plough layer of the greenhouse to 75% of field moisture capacity;
the concrete method for adjusting the soil moisture of the greenhouse by adopting the irrigation automatic control system comprises the following steps: designing irrigation quota and dripper flow according to the performance parameters of the drip irrigation system and the soil property;
1) the formula of the irrigation quota is Q ═ rho hp (omega max-omega real)/eta, wherein rho is the soil volume weight, h is the irrigation depth, p is the designed soil wetting ratio, omega max and omega real-time dry basis water content are the upper dry basis water content and the real-time dry basis water content of the soil respectively, and eta is the effective rate of the irrigation system;
2) the design of the flow of the dripper takes the condition of not generating continuous water flow as a standard so as to avoid waterlogging and ponding, and the irrigation is stopped until a soil layer of 30cm is fully wetted;
3) closing an air port of the greenhouse after irrigation, and keeping the greenhouse in a closed state for 1 day;
step b), the water content of the dry soil base is increased to 80% of the field water capacity by applying the wax gourd, namely, the field water capacity is increased by 5% by applying the wax gourd;
the calculation method of the wax gourd application amount is as follows:
1) first, calculate (m) per unit area2) The returning amount of wax gourd is M (kg) ═ ρ h δω/ωmWhere ρ is the volume weight of soil (kg/m)3) H is the active depth (m) of earthworm, deltaωFor increasing the dry basis water content, omega, of the soil by application of wax gourdmThe water content of the white gourd is the dry basis water content;
2) then, the total amount of white gourd needed is calculated according to the total planting area.
3) Distributing the complete white gourd to a land block for planting crops in a greenhouse, dispersing the complete white gourd into the land block in a rolling mode based on the cylindrical volume of the white gourd, simultaneously carrying out manual scratching on the surface of the white gourd, scratching two wounds with the depth of 2-5cm by using a utility knife or a fruit knife along the axial direction of the white gourd, and contacting the wound surface of the white gourd with the surface of soil; the temperature of the soil is kept at 15-20 ℃ through a greenhouse temperature control system, the soil is kept at the temperature for 3-5 days, the rotting degree of the wax gourds is checked during the period, until the pulp is rotted to be pasty, and the water is divided out, namely the fermentation and the rotting of the wax gourds are completed.
Step two, selecting and subpackaging earthworms:
the variety selected by the earthworms is popular chambered earthworms which are commonly known as 'green earthworms', and can be purchased and obtained from the market, and the morphological characteristics of the earthworms are as follows: the body color is bluish green, the body length is 12-15cm, the fertilization seminal vesicle cavity is deep, and 3 pairs of fertilization capsular holes are positioned on the secondThe front and rear edges of the earthworm are swollen; selecting thick and active individuals, temporarily packing the earthworms with the weight of 1.2-2.2g in paper cups, putting 95-150g or 80-120 earthworms in each cup, covering the cup mouth with a mosquito net gauze, and tightly wrapping the cup mouth with a rubber band; the dosage of each cup is 1m2The dosage of the internally inoculated earthworms;
step three, wetting and inoculating earthworms:
the method is carried out under the condition of sufficient illumination in the daytime, the efficiency is higher generally in two hours from ten am to afternoon, and the strong illumination can stimulate earthworms to quickly dig into the moist greenhouse soil rich in food. Specifically, the paper cup filled with the earthworms is placed in a large paper box and pushed to a greenhouse field. Taking out the paper cup, and slightly wetting the earthworms in the paper cup by using a washing bottle filled with irrigation water, wherein the water consumption of each cup is about 50-80ml, and the effect of wetting the earthworms is to prevent the earthworms from being broken due to the hard dragging of the earthworms during the subsequent dispersion inoculation of the earthworms. The cup mouth is opened, the earthworms in the cup are scattered in the surrounding area where the rotten wax gourds are placed, and the earthworms can automatically drill into the soil under the attraction of food resources and the stimulation of strong light.
Step four, performing conventional management measures of the greenhouse:
the temperature environment of the water for planting crops is maintained in a proper range, irrigation is carried out every 10 days to keep the soil moist, the field water capacity of the dry soil base with the water content ranging from 45% to 100% can be maintained, namely for earthworms, when the soil water content is lower than 45% of the field water capacity, the activity is weakened, and the earthworms are coiled into a group to reduce the water loss; the activity of the earthworms is optimal under the condition of 65-90% of field water capacity. The earthworms can keep active when the temperature of the soil is maintained within the range of 10-28 ℃, and in the range, the higher the temperature is, the stronger the activity of the earthworms is. The judgment of the earthworm activity can be judged by fresh earthworm casts generated on the soil surface, specifically, the earthworm casts have the grain sizes of 2-3mm and are aggregated together in a granular shape, and the humidity degree of the fresh earthworm casts is higher than that of the surrounding soil. The more the amount of fresh earthworm cast is, the stronger the activity of earthworm is.
Step five, adding materials in the greenhouse:
according to the rotting degree of the wax gourd on the soil surface, when only wax gourd peel is visible, the wax gourd is preferably added again to supplement the earthworm food resource, and the supplemented wax gourd can be cut into pieces with the thickness of 5cm, is contained in a barrel and is sent into the field, and is laid on the periphery of the earthworm excrement which is relatively concentrated.
Example 2:
before the first step, the width of the ridge is 1.5m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, and the space between the ridges is 50 cm; after the first step is finished, mulching is carried out, the white gourd rotting and fermenting time is shortened to 2 days, and then the mulching film is uncovered; the rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3:
step one, regulating and controlling soil moisture of a greenhouse:
1) firstly, calculating irrigation water quantity required for adjusting the soil dry basis water content of a greenhouse cultivation layer to 75% of field capacity by adopting a drip irrigation automatic control system; then calculating the wax gourd amount for adjusting the water content of the dry soil base to 80% of the field water capacity; selecting waste white gourd, namely skew white gourd and bad white gourd;
2) waste white gourd and askew white gourd and bad white gourd fruits are put into an accommodating box 1/4 in volume, a sealing cover is added to the accommodating box for fermentation, the accommodating box is stored at 15-20 ℃, the white gourd is fermented and decayed after 2 days, the accommodating box is moved into a greenhouse field, part of irrigation water is put into the accommodating box to dilute the decayed white gourd, and a plastic water spoon is used for directly irrigating the soil in the greenhouse; the rest irrigation water is directly dropped into the soil. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
In the invention, the white gourd can be purchased; for clay loam with relatively low clay content, i.e. clay content of 15-25%, white gourd can be sown in the area where no crop is planted, and the variety is selected from white gourd with gray skin grown by climbing the ground. When the fruits grow to the fruit setting period, the melons are placed in the middle of the drip irrigation belt in parallel, the fruits are automatically picked after the melons grow to be mature, and the feeding amount of the earthworm food can be met by 2000-one-kilogram yield. In the invention, the earthworms can be selected from Laureria pratensis (Metaphire vulgaris) and Laureria orthodoxa (Metaphire tschliensis).
As a result: after one month, the soil cohesiveness increased to 40-60%, the granular structure increased significantly between 0.25-0.30mm, the soil was significantly looser than before the treatment, and the soil aggregates and air voids increased significantly in examples 1-3 compared to the soil before the treatment. Through ridging and plastic film mulching, the waste white gourd with askew fruits and bad fruits is boxed and sealed, and the fermentation time of the white gourd can be shortened.
The invention makes full use of the proper temperature of the greenhouse and the superior environmental conditions of the soil wetland; the wax gourd which has sufficient water content and is easy to rot is used as a raw material, the source is sufficient and economical, the pretreatment is simple and feasible, and the soil humidity is kept while good food resources are provided for the earthworms.
The earthworm species inoculated in the patent is a popular chambered earthworm which is widely available, has a large body size, is an earthworm species which mainly takes soil mineral particles and organic matter particles, particularly takes food in clay soil, can swallow soil with a weight which is several times of the body weight of the earthworm species in one year, can be carried out under the condition that the soil is relatively wet compared with ploughing through machinery, and has low energy consumption.
The earthworm biological cultivation forms stable aggregates with a granular structure with the grain diameter of 0.25-0.30mm, and the specific surface area and the air permeability of the granular structure are greatly improved compared with the conventional cultivation, thereby being beneficial to the mineralization.
During the process of excretion, digging and swallowing of earthworms, the composition of microbial communities and the living environment thereof are directly and indirectly improved, and particularly, the earthworm dung is rich in mineral substances necessary for the growth of plants, thereby being more beneficial to the absorption of various nutrients by the plants and improving the utilization efficiency of the nutrients.
As noted above, while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limited thereto. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A biological cultivation method for mucilaginous soil of a greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, regulating and controlling soil moisture of the greenhouse:
adopting a drip irrigation automatic control system and applying fermented and rotten wax gourds to the greenhouse soil, and adjusting the water content of the soil dry basis of the greenhouse plough layer to 55-80% of field water capacity;
step two, selecting and subpackaging earthworms:
selecting Lauraria Suffruticosa as a variety of earthworms, selecting an individual with a thick body and an active state, temporarily packing the individual earthworms with the weight of 1.2-2.2g in paper cups, putting 95-150g or 80-120 earthworms in each cup, covering the cup mouth with a mosquito net gauze, and tightly wrapping the cup mouth with a rubber band; the dosage of each cup is 1m2The dosage of the internally inoculated earthworms;
step three, wetting and inoculating earthworms:
under the condition of sufficient illumination in the daytime, the earthworms in the paper cup are moistened by adding water, and the earthworms in the paper cup are scattered in the surrounding area where the rotten white gourds are placed;
step four, performing conventional management measures of the greenhouse:
regularly irrigating to keep the soil moist, so that the moisture content of the dry soil is in the range of 45-100% of field moisture capacity, and the temperature of the soil is maintained in the range of 10-28 ℃.
2. The biological cultivation method of the viscous soil of the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the specific operation of the first step is as follows:
step a), firstly, adopting a drip irrigation automatic control system to adjust the soil moisture of the greenhouse, and adjusting the soil dry basis moisture content of a plough layer of the greenhouse to 50-75% of field moisture capacity;
step b), the water content of the dry soil base is increased to 55-80% of the field water capacity by applying the white gourd, namely, the field water capacity is increased by at least 5% by applying the white gourd;
calculating the application amount of the wax gourds, distributing the complete wax gourds to a land for planting crops in a greenhouse, simultaneously carrying out artificial scratching on the surfaces of the wax gourds, and contacting wound surfaces of the wax gourds with the surface of soil;
the temperature of the soil is kept at 15-20 ℃ through a greenhouse temperature control system, the soil is kept at the temperature for 3-5 days, the rotting degree of the wax gourds is checked during the period, until the pulp is rotted to be pasty, and the water is divided out, namely the fermentation and the rotting of the wax gourds are completed.
3. The biological cultivation method for the viscous soil of the greenhouse as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the first step, the thickness of the cultivation layer of the greenhouse is 0-30 cm;
step a), adopting an automatic irrigation control system to regulate the soil moisture of the greenhouse, namely designing irrigation quota and water dropper flow according to the performance parameters of a drip irrigation system and the soil property;
1) the formula of the irrigation quota is Q ═ rho hp (omega max-omega real)/eta, wherein rho is the soil volume weight, h is the irrigation depth, p is the designed soil wetting ratio, omega max and omega real-time dry basis water content are the upper dry basis water content and the real-time dry basis water content of the soil respectively, and eta is the effective rate of the irrigation system;
2) the design of the flow of the dripper takes the condition of not generating continuous water flow as a standard so as to avoid waterlogging and ponding, and the irrigation is stopped until a soil layer of 30cm is fully wetted;
3) closing an air port of the greenhouse after irrigation, and keeping the greenhouse in a closed state for 1 day;
the calculation method for calculating the wax gourd application amount in the step b) is as follows:
1) first, calculate (m) per unit area2) The returning amount of wax gourd is M (kg) ═ ρ h δω/ωmWhere ρ is the volume weight of soil (kg/m)3) H is the active depth (m) of earthworm, deltaωFor increasing the dry basis water content, omega, of the soil by application of wax gourdmThe water content of the white gourd is the dry basis water content;
2) then, the total amount of white gourd needed is calculated according to the total planting area.
4. The biological cultivation method for the mucilage soil of the greenhouse as claimed in claim 2, wherein the manual scratching in the step b) is carried out by scratching two wounds with a knife or a fruit knife along the axial direction of the wax gourd with a depth of 2-5 cm.
5. The biological cultivation method for the slime soil of the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operation of wetting earthworms in the third step is to lightly wet earthworms in cups with a washing bottle filled with irrigation water, and the amount of water used in each cup is about 50-80 ml.
6. The biological cultivation method of the viscous soil of the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the fifth step of adding materials to the greenhouse:
according to the rotting degree of the white gourd on the surface of the soil, when only white gourd peel is visible, the white gourd is added again to supplement the earthworm food resources, and the supplemented white gourd is cut into pieces and laid on the periphery of the soil with relatively concentrated earthworm casts.
7. The biological cultivation method for the mucilaginous soil of the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein, before the first step, the width of the ridge is 0.8-1.5m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, and the distance between the ridges is 50-80 cm; and after the first step is finished, mulching the white gourd, shortening the rotting and fermenting time of the white gourd to 2-4 days, and uncovering the mulching film after the fermentation and the rotting are finished.
8. The biological cultivation method for the clayey soil of the greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the white gourd is sown in the area where no crop is planted, the white gourd with gray skin grown by the plant climbing the ground is selected, when the white gourd grows to the fruit setting stage, the white gourd is placed in the middle of the drip irrigation belt in parallel, and after the white gourd grows to be mature, the white gourd is picked up to serve as the source of the white gourd.
9. The biological cultivation method of the clay soil of the greenhouse as claimed in claim 8,
the first step is specifically as follows: regulating and controlling the soil moisture of the greenhouse:
1) firstly, calculating irrigation water required for adjusting the water content of a soil dry basis of a greenhouse cultivation layer to 50-75% of field capacity by adopting a drip irrigation automatic control system; then calculating the wax gourd amount for adjusting the water content of the dry soil base to 55-80% of field water capacity; selecting waste white gourd, namely skew white gourd and bad white gourd;
2) putting the crooked white gourd and bad white gourd into an accommodating box 1/4, adding a sealing cover, fermenting, storing the accommodating box at 15-20 ℃, fermenting and decaying the white gourd after 2 days, moving the accommodating box into a greenhouse field, filling a part of irrigation water into the accommodating box to dilute the decayed white gourd, and directly irrigating the soil in the greenhouse with a plastic ladle; the rest irrigation water is directly dropped into the soil.
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