CN103141254A - Vegetative propagation method for SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock - Google Patents
Vegetative propagation method for SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a vegetative propagation method for an SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock, which is characterized in that the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock is buried to promote germinating new branches, and then cuttage is performed on the new branches to take root in an arched shed. The method comprises the following steps: 1, obtaining and processing of grafted seedlings of the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock; 2, obtaining of new branches for cuttage; 3, collection and processing of new branches for cuttage; 4, good processing of cuttage of new branches; 5, management after cuttage; and 6, transplanting and management of cutting seedlings. The method breaks through the bottleneck that apple nursery stock propagation of the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock can only be performed by an intermediate stock method, and enables the cuttage rootage rate of the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock to reach 80%, and the transplanting survival rate to reach more than 75%. According to the method, the SH-series apple dwarfing rootstock can completely and really exert the performance of early bearing, high quality and high yield, and the characteristics of strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and good substantivity of rootstock scions. The method has wide application prospect and remarkable social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vegetative propagation technique field of plant, specifically a kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees.
Background technology
SH is that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees is to adopt cross breeding method (state's light * Henan Malus spectabilis by Research Inst. for fruit Tree, Agricultural Academy of Shanxi Prov., 1978-1994) the research seed selection forms, comprise from half and downgrading to the polytype of downgrading, have the time of nourishing and growing that shortens apple tree, the ability that promotion is nourished and grown and transformed to reproductive growth, thereby realize early bearing, high-quality, high yield.SH is that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees has the characteristics such as strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, anvil fringe compatibility be good aspect biological property.Apple expert and orchard worker show through observation and practice for many years: be grafting apple on Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees at SH, M, MM that these Major Economics such as resistance (drought resisting, anti-stripping, cold-resistant, resistant to lodging) of painted, the local flavor of fruit, quality, storability and tree body have all surpassed Britain are Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees.Therefore, SH is that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees is the good apple rootstock under suitable China Loess Plateau natural ecological condition.At present, SH is the first-selected stock that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees has become China's Apple Dwarf Stocks planting culture, promise well.
But, because SH is the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees difficulty of taking root, can only apply by the method as interstock in production.Namely first obtain basic anvils with the plantation of the seeds such as Malus spectabilis, Malus baccata, then the SH of one section 15-30 centimetre of grafting thereon being Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, is Grafted Variety on Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees at SH at last.It is that the characteristic of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees can not be given full play to that this grafting method makes SH, especially aspect tree low body, fruit quality and tree body adaptability.Simultaneously, the step of growing seedlings manys grafting once than vigorous stock, makes the grafting management program loaded down with trivial details, and has extended the outplanting cycle, the effort, with high costs of taking a lot of work.Therefore, carrying out SH is the vegetative propagation of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, realizes the production of its own-rooted tree, and making SH is that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees intrinsic advantage can be given full play to, and seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
Can only do interstock during the present invention promotes for to solve SH be that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees is actual and make SH be that the characteristic of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees is not in full use and extended the outplanting cycle, improved a series of restriction SH such as seedling cost is the bottleneck problem of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees fast development, is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees and a kind of SH is provided.The method is specifically that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees buries the dried shoot that inspires with SH, then with shoot cuttage root-taking in shed.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
(method of bud grafting is the most frequently used grafting method in this area to use in the fall the method for bud grafting, belong to known technology) be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings then with SH, Second Year spring, when himself sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, (this grafting bud is that SH is Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees with being positioned at the grafting bud on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, down together) above 2 centimeters are cut and are cut out, and remove apical dominance, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, for keeping the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, cut sprouting by itself sprout the branch that forms on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground (can avoid like this apical dominance of branch, be conducive to the even growth of sprout on branch, promote that sprout forms new branch fast, uniformly);
2) cuttage is with the acquisition of new branch
on the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, be that (some band girdle mouths are divided into some joints with branch for the band girdle mouth of 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, leave 4 blades on every joint branch, the nutrition that leaf photosynthesis on every joint branch produces only can accumulate on this joint branch because of blocking of band girdle mouth, the final sprouting that promotes sprout on this joint branch, so band girdle mouth has played the purpose of building up nutrition), and with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization parcel band girdle place, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper (toilet paper, aluminium-foil paper is all in order to protect band girdle mouth, avoid the band girdle mouth contaminated), afterwards this branch being buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch being exposed, is the new branch of 15-20 centimetre until obtain 5-7 length on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, sprays the gibberellin of a 50mg/L in every 10 days, to promote the growth of new branch,
3) cuttage is with the acquisition and processing of new branch
With step 2) in the new branch sprouted out block from its base portion, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 15 minutes (to reach the purpose of sterilization) in 800 times of carbendazim solutions, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut one long 1 centimetre the inclined-plane otch (namely on the new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut an inclined-plane otch as entry, long 1 centimetre of otch inclined-plane; On new branch, the petiole root of each blade just has a bud, and the otch that is positioned at the bud place is easily taken root);
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
at first, cuttage layer and the leveling of clean river sand paving 10 cm thicks that will sieve in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray (to prevent growing of miscellaneous bacteria) thoroughly, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick to press 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows on husky bed cuttage layer, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths (seeding row spacing is to determine according to the size that SH is leaves of apple stocks apart from jack, be not advisable not to be in contact with one another between the cuttage rear blade, because blade superposes mutually, easily in stack position generation mould, cause blade to rot.Above-mentioned seeding row spacing, hole depth are determined through theory calculating and correlation test, can guarantee that new branch blade does not overlap, base portion does not does not wear and tear, thereby prevent that blade from rotting, brownization of base portion, provide favorable environment for inducing the cuttage branch to take root); With new branch base portion treated in step 3) at the IBA(of 3000mg/L indolebutyric acid) soaked 3 seconds in the aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged the hole, evenly spray water with watering can, (prevent spray from contacting with cutting medium closely make the spray dehydration) closed with the Sramanera in all gaps, jack place, the new branch that righting is tilted, cuttage is taken the shed moisturizing on the pond;
5) management after cuttage
cuttage pond day temperature is 23 ℃-28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18 ℃-20 ℃ (temperature is controlled particular importance herein, and must have the temperature difference a day night, otherwise can obviously affect rooting rate), spray water 3-5 every day, makes air humidity remain on more than 90%, early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once every day (in case the uppermost leaf sheet comes off and rots, general each 4-5min that leaks informaton), new branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root when growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and minimizing water spray number of times, reducing air humidity (is guaranteeing under the prerequisite that the cuttage material blade is not wilted, spray water less as far as possible, because water spray too much, can cause substrate temperature too low, humidity is excessive, easily cause cuttage branch base portion blackout, leaf abscission, affect rooting rate), simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, after taking root, new branch sprays weekly one time of nutrition liquid, described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea are the 1:1 mixing in mass ratio, add entry, be mixed with concentration and be 0.5% solution, when new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube,
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: (rural area soil is common cultivating soil, and because of often fertilising farming, fertility is higher, and granular structure is good, is one of primary raw material of preparing compost for 3 parts of rural area soils, the farmyard manure that it is good that 1 part becomes thoroughly decomposed and 1 part of perlite; Farmyard manure is of a great variety and the source is wide, quantity is large, be convenient to gather materials on the spot, use on the spot, cost is also lower, contained nutriment is more comprehensive, and it is conducive to promote the formation of soil aggregate, and the ratio of soil air and water is coordinated, make loosing soil, increase the ability of water conservation, insulation, ventilative, fertilizer conservation; Perlite can be transformed soil, regulates soil compaction, controls fertilizer efficiency and fertile degree, and as thinner and the carrier of insecticide and weed killer herbicide); The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, waters immediately permeablely after transplanting, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, take off the alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate for 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant the land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
Further, in step 1), be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is to carry out in the fall August on the seedling of giving birth to then eight rib Malus spectabilis with the method for bud grafting with SH, be the Best Times of grafting August, because grafting time is too early, might budders then and can sprout, can't survive the winter, and grafting time is excessively slow, budders and can not well heal with stock, can affect survival rate.
In step 1), when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is northwards overwhelmed to parallel to the ground.After overwhelming, from morning to the daylighting that can make branch at dusk more fully, rationally, thereby promote branch better to grow northwards.
In step 6), in shed, temperature preferably is controlled between 20-25 ℃, in this temperature range, is conducive to the take root growth of seedling of new branch.
SH provided by the invention is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, be that SH is that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees buries the dried method that inspires cuttage root-taking in shoot, shoot shed can to make SH be that Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees cuttage root-taking rate reaches 80%, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 75%.Making SH is the characteristic of its early bearing of performance that apple rootstock can be fully real, high-quality, high yield and strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, the good characteristics of anvil fringe compatibility.Having broken through SH and be apple rootstock can only carry out bottleneck that apple nursery stock breeds, realize that SH is the production of apple rootstock cuttage seeding by the method for interstock, except giving full play to the good characteristic that SH is Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, can also make growing-seedling period shorten 1 year, the seedling height is neat, greatly reduce production cost, accelerated the speed of growing seedlings.Have the meaning of milestone in downgrading apple industry, have a extensive future, social and economic benefits is remarkable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
Be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on the seedling of eight rib Malus spectabilis then with SH with the method for bud grafting in August, Second Year spring, when the sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, cut and cut out being positioned at more than the grafting bud 2 centimeters on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedling positions, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, be to keep the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, cut sprouting by itself sprout the branch that forms on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground;
2) cuttage is with the acquisition of new branch
On the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, be the band girdle mouth of 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, and wrap up band girdle place, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization; Afterwards this branch being buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch being exposed, is the new branch of 20 centimetres until obtain 5 length on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, and the gibberellin of a 50mg/L of spray in every 10 days;
3) cuttage is with the acquisition and processing of new branch
With step 2) in the new branch sprouted out block from its base portion, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 800 times of carbendazim solutions 15 minutes, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut the inclined-plane otch of long 1 centimetre;
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
At first, cuttage layer and the leveling of clean river sand paving 10 cm thicks that will sieve in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray thoroughly, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick press on husky bed cuttage layer 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths apart from jack; New branch base portion treated in step 3) was soaked 3 seconds in the IBA of the 3000mg/L aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged the hole, evenly spray water with watering can, all gaps, jack place are closed with the Sramanera, the new branch that righting is tilted, cuttage is taken the shed moisturizing on the pond;
5) management after cuttage
Cuttage pond day temperature is 28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18 ℃; Spray water every day 4 times, make air humidity remain on more than 90%, every day early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once; New branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root when growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and reduce the water spray number of times, reduce air humidity, simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, spray weekly one time of nutrition liquid after new branch is taken root, described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea are the 1:1 mixing in mass ratio, add entry, be mixed with concentration and be 0.5% solution; When new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube;
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: 3 parts of rural area soils, 1 part of farmyard manure and 1 part of perlite well that becomes thoroughly decomposed; The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, waters immediately permeablely after transplanting, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, take off the alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate for 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant the land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
Embodiment 2
A kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
Be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on the seedling of eight rib Malus spectabilis then with SH with the method for bud grafting in September, Second Year spring, when the sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, cut and cut out being positioned at more than the grafting bud 2 centimeters on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedling positions, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, be to keep the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, cut sprouting by itself sprout the branch that forms on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground;
2) cuttage is with the acquisition of new branch
On the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, be the band girdle mouth of 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, and wrap up band girdle place, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization; Afterwards this branch being buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch being exposed, is the new branch of 15 centimetres until obtain 6 length on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, and the gibberellin of a 50mg/L of spray in every 10 days;
3) cuttage is with the acquisition and processing of new branch
With step 2) in the new branch sprouted out block from its base portion, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 800 times of carbendazim solutions 15 minutes, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut the inclined-plane otch of long 1 centimetre;
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
At first, cuttage layer and the leveling of clean river sand paving 10 cm thicks that will sieve in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray thoroughly, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick press on husky bed cuttage layer 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths apart from jack; New branch base portion treated in step 3) was soaked 3 seconds in the IBA of the 3000mg/L aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged the hole, evenly spray water with watering can, all gaps, jack place are closed with the Sramanera, the new branch that righting is tilted, cuttage is taken the shed moisturizing on the pond;
5) management after cuttage
Cuttage pond day temperature is 25 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 20 ℃; Spray water every day 5 times, make air humidity remain on more than 90%, every day early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once; New branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root when growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and reduce the water spray number of times, reduce air humidity, simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, spray weekly one time of nutrition liquid after new branch is taken root, described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea are the 1:1 mixing in mass ratio, add entry, be mixed with concentration and be 0.5% solution; When new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube;
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: 3 parts of rural area soils, 1 part of farmyard manure and 1 part of perlite well that becomes thoroughly decomposed; The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, waters immediately permeablely after transplanting, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, take off the alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate for 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant the land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
Embodiment 3
A kind of SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
Be that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on the seedling of eight rib Malus spectabilis then with SH with the method for bud grafting in July, Second Year spring, when the sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, cut and cut out being positioned at more than the grafting bud 2 centimeters on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedling positions, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, be to keep the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, cut sprouting by itself sprout the branch that forms on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground;
2) cuttage is with the acquisition of new branch
On the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, be the band girdle mouth of 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, and wrap up band girdle place, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization; Afterwards this branch being buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch being exposed, is the new branch of 17 centimetres until obtain 7 length on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, and the gibberellin of a 50mg/L of spray in every 10 days;
3) cuttage is with the acquisition and processing of new branch
With step 2) in the new branch sprouted out block from its base portion, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 800 times of carbendazim solutions 15 minutes, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut the inclined-plane otch of long 1 centimetre;
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
At first, cuttage layer and the leveling of clean river sand paving 10 cm thicks that will sieve in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray thoroughly, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick press on husky bed cuttage layer 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths apart from jack; New branch base portion treated in step 3) was soaked 3 seconds in the IBA of the 3000mg/L aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged the hole, evenly spray water with watering can, all gaps, jack place are closed with the Sramanera, the new branch that righting is tilted, cuttage is taken the shed moisturizing on the pond;
5) management after cuttage
Cuttage pond day temperature is 23 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 19 ℃; Spray water every day 3 times, make air humidity remain on more than 90%, every day early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once; New branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root when growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and reduce the water spray number of times, reduce air humidity, simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, spray weekly one time of nutrition liquid after new branch is taken root, described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea are the 1:1 mixing in mass ratio, add entry, be mixed with concentration and be 0.5% solution; When new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube;
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: 3 parts of rural area soils, 1 part of farmyard manure and 1 part of perlite well that becomes thoroughly decomposed; The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, waters immediately permeablely after transplanting, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 35 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, take off the alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate for 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant the land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
Claims (5)
1. a SH is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) SH is acquisition and the processing of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting
Method with bud grafting is that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings then with SH in the fall, Second Year spring, when himself sprout of eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings is expanded, cut and cut out being positioned at more than the grafting bud 2 centimeters on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, to impel the sprouting of grafting bud; After the grafting bud is sprouted, be to keep the grafting bud to form the growth of branch, cut sprouting by itself sprout the branch that forms on eight rib Malus spectabilis seedlings, when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is overwhelmed to parallel to the ground;
2) cuttage is with the acquisition of new branch
On the branch that the grafting bud forms from its base portion upwards in the scope of 70 centimetres every 4 blades, be the band girdle mouth of 1 millimeter with regard to width of band girdle, and wrap up band girdle place, toilet paper outsourcing aluminium-foil paper with the toilet paper of high-temperature sterilization; Afterwards this branch being buried in the earth, only the blade on this branch being exposed, is the new branch of 15-20 centimetre until obtain 5-7 length on this branch, in shoot bar formation process, sprays the gibberellin of a 50mg/L in every 10 days;
3) cuttage is with the acquisition and processing of new branch
With step 2) in the new branch sprouted out block from its base portion, shed is taken back in moisturizing, and new branch is rinsed well, subsequently new branch is immersed in 800 times of carbendazim solutions 15 minutes, scatter, dry the bacterium liquid on blade after taking-up, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%; After drying, blade and petiole in 7 cm range more than new branch base portion are removed, and on new branch the opposite of the bud of close base portion cut the inclined-plane otch of long 1 centimetre;
4) handle the cuttage of new branch well
At first, cuttage layer and the leveling of clean river sand paving 10 cm thicks that will sieve in the cuttage pond, the sand bed that spreads with the carbendazim solution of 800 times spray thoroughly, described carbendazim is the wetting powder of active constituent content 80%, utilize subsequently the branch identical with the cuttage branch thick press on husky bed cuttage layer 5 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 10 centimetres of line-spacings, 3 centimetres of hole depths apart from jack; New branch base portion treated in step 3) was soaked 3 seconds in the IBA of the 3000mg/L aqueous solution, carry out cuttage by the seeding row spacing that is plugged the hole, evenly spray water with watering can, all gaps, jack place are closed with the Sramanera, the new branch that righting is tilted, cuttage is taken the shed moisturizing on the pond;
5) management after cuttage
Cuttage pond day temperature is 23 ℃-28 ℃, and nocturnal temperature is 18 ℃-20 ℃; Spray water 3-5 every day, makes air humidity remain on more than 90%, every day early, middle and late respectively leaking informaton once; New branch base portion cutting part has root to send and root when growing to 1 centimetre, can take off gradually film from shed two, and reduce the water spray number of times, reduce air humidity, simultaneously, add intense light irradiation, thereby promote the photosynthesis of the new branch blade of cuttage, spray weekly one time of nutrition liquid after new branch is taken root, described nutrient solution is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea are the 1:1 mixing in mass ratio, add entry, be mixed with concentration and be 0.5% solution; When new branch root growth to 2 centimetre, radical reach 4 when above, the new branch of cuttage is transplanted to nutritive cube;
6) transplanting of cuttage seeding and management
Transplanting medium is comprised of the raw material of following volume parts: 3 parts of rural area soils, 1 part of farmyard manure and 1 part of perlite well that becomes thoroughly decomposed; The transplanting medium that will fully mix before transplanting is packed in nutritive cube, then new branch is taken root transplantation of seedlings to nutritive cube, waters immediately permeablely after transplanting, and is placed in shed, and in shed, temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, and air humidity is more than 70%; Transplant after 15 days, take off the alms bowl inspection, in the time can seeing that new branch has new root to grow, can throw off gradually the moisture film on shed, first cultivate for 1 week under diffusion light of the sun, then cultivate under direct sunlight, until do not take the shading measure, blade is not wilted yet, and can transplant the land for growing field crops, and the management mode of land for growing field crops seedling is routinely carried out.
2. a kind of SH according to claim 1 is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that: in step 1), be that the method with bud grafting is that the Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees grafting is being given birth on the seedling of eight rib Malus spectabilis then with SH when August.
3. a kind of SH according to claim 1 and 2 is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that: in step 1), when grafting bud formation branch height reaches 1 meter, it is northwards overwhelmed to parallel to the ground.
4. a kind of SH according to claim 1 and 2 is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that: in step 6), in shed, temperature preferably is controlled between 20-25 ℃.
5. a kind of SH according to claim 3 is the vegetative method of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees, it is characterized in that: in step 6), in shed, temperature preferably is controlled between 20-25 ℃.
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| CN105230354A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-13 | 北京市农林科学院 | Rapid cultivation method of self-rooted dwarfing intermediate stock seedlings for apples |
| CN105230354B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-11-14 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of fast breeding method of apple from root dwarfing interstock nursery stock |
| CN109258258A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-01-25 | 强宁侠 | A kind of method of SH system Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees vegetative propagation |
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