CN109315161A - A kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree - Google Patents
A kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vitro grafting methods of red Fuji apple tree, belong to apple cultivation technical field.The present invention realizes the grafting of red Fuji apple tree by the selection of base anvil, intermediate stock selection and these three steps of fruit-tree grafting.The present invention, using grafting twice, using different processing methods, can make full use of the branch of trees, realize the more fruits of racemosus, and not will cause and carry out nutrient competition between fruit tree in grafting procedures.The hardness of fruit has reached 790.44~792.36g in the present invention, and edible rate is 79.3%~80.7%, and sugariness has reached 14.3~15.2 degree, graft survival rate 98.3%~99.2%, per mu yield is 3700~3730kg/ mus, volume increase 23.3%~24.3%, remarkable in economical benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to apple cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree.
Background technique
Fuji apple be selected from the bud, principal deformation of common Fuji the general designation of colour system Fuji.The characteristics of Fuji apple
Be it is sufficiently bulky, all over body it is aglow, shape is very round, and mean size is as baseball.In the weight of fruit, 9~11% be monosaccharide,
And its pulp is close, will be sweet and clear and melodious than other many apple mutation, therefore the extensive happiness by consumed worldwide person
Love.Fuji apple has the longer most preferably edible date compared with other apples, saves even without refrigerator is put into.It can protect at room temperature
It deposits 4 months, if being put into refrigerator, Fuji apple be can be reserved for 5~7 months.Light, happiness subacidity to neutral soil.It is most suitable for soil
Layer depth is thick, be rich in organic matter, cubsoil is well-drained sand of ventilating.It is measured according to the Ministry of Agriculture, red fuji apple also contains
The nutriment that the human bodies such as carrotene, fat, protein, Ca, Fe need.
The favor of the majority of consumers is obtained in view of Fuji apple, has cultivation in national most places, but in rainwater
It will cause flourishing in the case where excessive, the spacing between two trees can draw small, so that struggle for existence is fierce between tree body, support
Divide and do not supply, yield reduces.In addition, the not anti-scurf of red fuji apple and ring spot, and limitation Fuji apple's yield follow-up
A key factor on not.For these statuses, professional of agriculture would generally overcome above-mentioned lack using the method for grafting
Fall into, but due to the deficiency of graft technology and experience, when apple tree grafting often will appear stay trunk branch is excessively high, grafting site too
Less, stock branch reserves longer, the phenomenon that grafting twig stays bud more, and graft technology operation is unreasonable, lack of standardization in addition, grafting
Branch quality is too poor, and the death rate obviously increases after grafting, has seriously affected the quality and yield of fruit.Therefore, for disadvantages described above,
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of generation for reducing scurf and ring spot, improves fruit quality, one kind of enhancing grafting success rate
The vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of generations for reducing scurf and ring spot, improve fruit quality, and enhancing is transferred
It is connected into the vitro grafting method of the red Fuji apple tree of power.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme.
A kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree, includes the following steps:
1) base anvil selects: select 1 year raw Fuji apple as base anvil, 25~30 days before the germination of fruit tree spring, and distance
Apply fertilizer V at 30~40cm of trunk, the weeds around fruit tree are removed after fertilising, then use mass concentration for 6%~8%
Thimerosal carries out disinfection to base anvil and its surrounding place；
2) intermediate stock selects: selecting SH40 for female parent, midget crabapple is paternal hybrid, obtains cenospecies M1, then will be miscellaneous
After handing over kind of a M1 kind plant to go down to allow it voluntarily to breed for 4 generations, the excellent kind of its character is named as M41, is female parent with M41, S19 is
Male parent is hybridized, and cenospecies P1 is obtained, and selects suitable plot plantation to go down cenospecies P1, then with the upper of cenospecies P1
Portion's fruit branch is female parent, and the bud mutation branch of SH40 fruit tree is male parent, and carries out grafting pollination in bud stage, after the completion of pollination to be grafted
As boundary by after planting fruit trees 3~4 years, the branch intercepted on fruit tree is used as intermediate stock, while taking its stem section, is inoculated with
In the bud inducement cultivation base through autoclave sterilization；Condition of culture: culture room temperature is 23~28 DEG C, 6~10d of dark culture
Afterwards, intensity of illumination is gradually adjusted to 1200~14001x, 9~10h/d of light application time, 15~18d of incubation time；The SH40 is
The high quality tree species of Agricultural University Of Hebei's breeding；
3) fruit-tree grafting: 10~13 days before fruit tree germination, intermediate stock being grafted on base anvil, the grafting base anvil
Rugosity is 25~30cm, base anvil is made into the smooth round log shape in surface using tool, by vertical round log blade in bast zone
3~4 notches are cut between forming layer, by with the round log blade of the inclined angle of fruit tree trunk in forming layer and layer of wood
Between be cut into 2~3 notches, then respectively by interstock be whittled into one end be the wedge-shaped notch for being inserted into above-mentioned processing in, to
When the rugosity of interstock reaches 25~30cm, secondary grafting is carried out, the secondary grafting is that notch is cut on interstock,
Stem section in treated step 2) is inserted into notch, it is described to be grafted twice all using film tape bundled fixed, and apply
Upper seal and shear oil carries out transplanting processing after the completion of grafting；Heating paraffin is melted, when paraffin temperature is in 60~65 DEG C, alignment
Then scion position carries out dipping in wax, dipping in wax depth is 3~4cm；It dips in after wax in 0~4 DEG C, environment of the humidity 80%~90%
Middle storage just completes the vitro grafting of red Fuji apple tree.
Further, the fertilizer V in the step 1) is by 61.5~68.5 parts of dry pig manure, 34~43 parts of wormcast, urea
30~36 parts, 19~29 parts of potassium fulvate, 14~22 parts of sodium pyrophosphate, 10.2~14.8 parts of matrine, obsolete fungus stick 6~10
Part, 3~4 parts of 4~7 parts of fly maggot powder, 4~7 parts of rape straw, apple fallen leaves, 1~4 part of carbendazim, vinasse powder are through 1.5~3.5
Part is prepared through mixing, crushing, stirring, fermentation.
Further, the peripheral branch need to carry out Cold Acclimation 3~6 before grafting in a low temperature of temperature is 1~4 DEG C
It.
Compared with prior art, advantageous effects of the invention:
1) present invention in fruit-tree grafting unlike general grafting directlys adopt stock and fringe bar is grafted, but it is first right
The interstock of selection grafting carries out crossing inbred breeding, the advantage of doing so is that can reduce the generation of apple disease, passes through
The interstock overall quality of breeding is all preferable, can endure the winter resistance and drought resistance of high fruit tree significantly, improve fruit tree and adapt to
The ability of environment reduces the generation of rotten wood.
2) present invention, using different processing methods, can make full use of trees using grafting twice in grafting procedures
Branch, realize the more fruits of racemosus, and not will cause and carry out nutrient competition between fruit tree.
3) present invention apple tree before grafting to sapling at length, graft success rate, scurf and ring spot generation
Rate has and influences significantly, and wherein sapling reaches 92.3%~94.1% at length, and grafting success rate is 97.1%~98.4%,
The incidence of scurf is 0.07%~0.10%, and the incidence of ring spot is only less than 0.06%~0.11%.
4) processing of intermediate stock can effectively improve the grafting success rate of fruit tree in the present invention, enhance the cold-resistant drought resistance of fruit tree
Can, can greatly shorten the grafting time of fruit tree, and after grafting fruit tree stability it is preferable, seldom generation disease, the present invention
The middle hardness of fruit has reached 790.44~792.36g, and edible rate is 79.3%~80.7%, and sugariness has reached 14.3~15.2
Degree, graft survival rate 98.3%~99.2%, per mu yield are 3700~3730kg/ mus, volume increase 23.3%~24.3%, economy effect
It is beneficial significant.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated.It should be appreciated that this hair
Bright embodiment is not limited by the following examples, and accommodation and/or change in any form made for the present invention all will
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree, includes the following steps:
1) base anvil selects: select 1 year raw Fuji apple as base anvil, 25 days before the germination of fruit tree spring, and apart from trunk
Apply fertilizer V at 30cm, the weeds around fruit tree is removed after fertilising, then using mass concentration is 6% thimerosal to base anvil
And its surrounding place carries out disinfection；
The fertilizer V is by dry pig manure 61.5kg, wormcast 34kg, urea 30kg, potassium fulvate 19kg, sodium pyrophosphate
14kg, matrine 10.2kg, obsolete fungus stick 6kg, fly maggot powder 4kg, rape straw 4kg, apple fallen leaves 3kg, carbendazim 1kg,
Vinasse powder is prepared through 1.5kg through mixing, crushing, stirring, fermentation.
2) intermediate stock selects: selecting SH40 for female parent, midget crabapple is paternal hybrid, obtains cenospecies M1, then will be miscellaneous
After handing over kind of a M1 kind plant to go down to allow it voluntarily to breed for 4 generations, the excellent kind of its character is named as M41, is female parent with M41, S19 is
Male parent is hybridized, and cenospecies P1 is obtained, and selects suitable plot plantation to go down cenospecies P1, then with the upper of cenospecies P1
Portion's fruit branch is female parent, and the bud mutation branch of SH40 fruit tree is male parent, and carries out grafting pollination in bud stage, after the completion of pollination to be grafted
As boundary by after planting fruit trees 3 years, the branch intercepted on fruit tree is used as intermediate stock, while taking its stem section, is inoculated in
In bud inducement cultivation base through autoclave sterilization；Condition of culture: culture room temperature is 23 DEG C, after dark culture 6d, intensity of illumination
Gradually it is adjusted to 12001x, light application time 9h/d, incubation time 15d；
3) fruit-tree grafting: 10 days before fruit tree germination, intermediate stock being grafted on base anvil, the rugosity of the grafting base anvil
For 25cm, base anvil is made into the smooth round log shape in surface using tool, by vertical round log blade in bast zone and forming layer
Between be cut into 3 notches, the round log of the inclined angle of fruit tree trunk is cut into 2 with blade between forming layer and layer of wood
Notch, it is the rugosity in the wedge-shaped notch for being inserted into above-mentioned processing, to interstock that interstock, which is then whittled into one end, respectively
When reaching 25cm, secondary grafting is carried out, the secondary grafting is that notch is cut on interstock, by treated peripheral branch
It is inserted into notch, it is described to be grafted twice all using film tape bundled fixed, and seal and shear oil is coated, it is transplanted after the completion of grafting
Processing；Heating paraffin is melted, when paraffin temperature is in 60 DEG C, scion position is aligned, then carries out dipping in wax, dipping in wax depth is
3cm；It is stored in 80% environment after dipping in wax in 0 DEG C, humidity, just completes the vitro grafting of red Fuji apple tree.Described
Peripheral branch need to carry out Cold Acclimation 3 days before grafting in a low temperature of temperature is 1 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
A kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree, includes the following steps:
1) base anvil selects: select 1 year raw Fuji apple as base anvil, 26 days before the germination of fruit tree spring, and apart from trunk
Apply fertilizer V at 35cm, the weeds around fruit tree is removed after fertilising, then using mass concentration is 7% thimerosal to base anvil
And its surrounding place carries out disinfection；
The fertilizer V is by dry pig manure 65kg, wormcast 39kg, urea 33kg, potassium fulvate 24kg, sodium pyrophosphate
18kg, matrine 12.5kg, obsolete fungus stick 8kg, fly maggot powder 6kg, rape straw 6kg, apple fallen leaves 3.5kg, carbendazim
2.5kg, vinasse powder are prepared through 2.5kg through mixing, crushing, stirring, fermentation.
2) intermediate stock selects: selecting SH40 for female parent, midget crabapple is paternal hybrid, obtains cenospecies M1, then will be miscellaneous
After handing over kind of a M1 kind plant to go down to allow it voluntarily to breed for 4 generations, the excellent kind of its character is named as M41, is female parent with M41, S19 is
Male parent is hybridized, and cenospecies P1 is obtained, and selects suitable plot plantation to go down cenospecies P1, then with the upper of cenospecies P1
Portion's fruit branch is female parent, and the bud mutation branch of SH40 fruit tree is male parent, and carries out grafting pollination in bud stage, after the completion of pollination to be grafted
As boundary by after planting fruit trees 4 years, the branch intercepted on fruit tree is used as intermediate stock, while taking its stem section, is inoculated in
In bud inducement cultivation base through autoclave sterilization；Condition of culture: culture room temperature is 25 DEG C, after dark culture 8d, intensity of illumination
Gradually it is adjusted to 13001x, light application time 9.5h/d, incubation time 16d；
3) fruit-tree grafting: 13 days before fruit tree germination, intermediate stock being grafted on base anvil, the rugosity of the grafting base anvil
For 30cm, base anvil is made into the smooth round log shape in surface using tool, by vertical round log blade in bast zone and forming layer
Between be cut into 4 notches, the round log of the inclined angle of fruit tree trunk is cut into 3 with blade between forming layer and layer of wood
Notch, it is the rugosity in the wedge-shaped notch for being inserted into above-mentioned processing, to interstock that interstock, which is then whittled into one end, respectively
When reaching 27cm, secondary grafting is carried out, the secondary grafting is that notch is cut on interstock, by treated step 2)
In stem section be inserted into notch, it is described to graft twice all using film tape bundled fixed, and coat seal and shear oil, after the completion of grafting
Carry out transplanting processing；Heating paraffin is melted, when paraffin temperature is in 62 DEG C, scion position is aligned, then carries out dipping in wax, dip in
Wax depth is 3cm；It is stored in 85% environment after dipping in wax in 0 DEG C, humidity, just completes transferring in vitro for red Fuji apple tree
It connects.The peripheral branch need to carry out Cold Acclimation 5 days before grafting in a low temperature of temperature is 3 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
A kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree, includes the following steps:
1) base anvil selects: select 1 year raw Fuji apple as base anvil, 25~30 days before the germination of fruit tree spring, and distance
At trunk 40cm apply fertilizer V, after fertilising remove fruit tree around weeds, then use mass concentration for 8% thimerosal pair
Base anvil and its surrounding place carry out disinfection；
The fertilizer V is by dry pig manure 68.5kg, wormcast 43kg, urea 36kg, potassium fulvate 29kg, sodium pyrophosphate
22kg, matrine 14.8kg, obsolete fungus stick 10kg, fly maggot powder 7kg, rape straw 7kg, apple fallen leaves 4kg, carbendazim 4kg,
Vinasse powder is prepared through 3.5kg through mixing, crushing, stirring, fermentation.
2) intermediate stock selects: selecting SH40 for female parent, midget crabapple is paternal hybrid, obtains cenospecies M1, then will be miscellaneous
After handing over kind of a M1 kind plant to go down to allow it voluntarily to breed for 4 generations, the excellent kind of its character is named as M41, is female parent with M41, S19 is
Male parent is hybridized, and cenospecies P1 is obtained, and selects suitable plot plantation to go down cenospecies P1, then with the upper of cenospecies P1
Portion's fruit branch is female parent, and the bud mutation branch of SH40 fruit tree is male parent, and carries out grafting pollination in bud stage, after the completion of pollination to be grafted
As boundary by after planting fruit trees 4 years, the branch intercepted on fruit tree is used as intermediate stock, while taking its stem section, is inoculated in
In bud inducement cultivation base through autoclave sterilization；Condition of culture: culture room temperature is 28 DEG C, after dark culture 10d, intensity of illumination
Gradually it is adjusted to 14001x, light application time 10h/d, incubation time 18d；
3) fruit-tree grafting: 13 days before fruit tree germination, intermediate stock being grafted on base anvil, the rugosity of the grafting base anvil
For 30cm, base anvil is made into the smooth round log shape in surface using tool, by vertical round log blade in bast zone and forming layer
Between be cut into 4 notches, the round log of the inclined angle of fruit tree trunk is cut into 3 with blade between forming layer and layer of wood
Notch, it is the rugosity in the wedge-shaped notch for being inserted into above-mentioned processing, to interstock that interstock, which is then whittled into one end, respectively
When reaching 30cm, secondary grafting is carried out, the secondary grafting is that notch is cut on interstock, by treated step 2)
In stem section be inserted into notch, it is described to graft twice all using film tape bundled fixed, and coat seal and shear oil, after the completion of grafting
Carry out transplanting processing；Heating paraffin is melted, when paraffin temperature is in 65 DEG C, scion position is aligned, then carries out dipping in wax, dip in
Wax depth is 4cm；It is stored in 90% environment after dipping in wax in 4 DEG C, humidity, just completes transferring in vitro for red Fuji apple tree
It connects.The peripheral branch need to carry out Cold Acclimation 6 days before grafting in a low temperature of temperature is 4 DEG C.
Experimental example
One, fertilizer treatment is carried out to the influence entirely grafted such as table 1 to by base anvil of red fuji apple before apple grafting
It is shown:
As shown in Table 1, the present invention at length, grafting success rate, scurf and takes turns line to sapling before grafting in apple tree
The incidence of disease has and influences significantly, and wherein sapling reaches 92.3%~94.1% at length, and grafting success rate is 97.1%
~98.4%, the incidence of scurf is 0.07%~0.10%, and the incidence of ring spot is only less than 0.06%~0.11%.
Two, the processing of intermediate stock can effectively improve the grafting success rate of fruit tree in the present invention, enhance the cold-resistant drought resisting of fruit tree
Performance, can greatly shorten the grafting time of fruit tree, and after grafting fruit tree stability it is preferable, seldom generation disease, and
The sugariness of apple is good, specific as shown in table 2:
As shown in Table 2, the hardness of fruit has reached 790.44~792.36g in the present invention, and edible rate is 79.3%~
80.7%, sugariness has reached 14.3~15.2 degree, and graft survival rate 98.3%~99.2%, per mu yield is 3700~3730kg/
Mu, volume increase 23.3%~24.3%, remarkable in economical benefits.
The present invention can be summarized with others without prejudice to the concrete form of spirit or essential characteristics of the invention.No matter from which
From the point of view of a bit, the embodiment above of the invention can only all be considered the description of the invention and cannot limit the present invention, right
Claim indicates the scope of the present invention, therefore, with the comparable meaning and scope of claims of the present invention in it is any
Change, is all considered as being included within Claims scope.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
1) base anvil selects: select 1 year raw Fuji apple as base anvil, 25~30 days before the germination of fruit tree spring, and apart from trunk
At 30~40cm apply fertilizer V, after fertilising remove fruit tree around weeds, then use mass concentration for 6%~8% disinfection
Liquid carries out disinfection to base anvil and its surrounding place；
2) intermediate stock selects: selecting SH40 for female parent, midget crabapple is paternal hybrid, cenospecies M1 is obtained, then by cenospecies
After the plant of M1 kind goes down to allow it voluntarily to breed for 4 generations, the excellent kind of its character is named as M41, is female parent with M41, S19 is male parent
Hybridized, obtain cenospecies P1, selects suitable plot plantation to go down cenospecies P1, then with the top fruit of cenospecies P1
Branch is female parent, and the bud mutation branch of SH40 fruit tree is male parent, and carries out grafting pollination in bud stage, with this after the completion of pollination to be grafted
Be boundary by after planting fruit trees 3~4 years, the branch intercepted on fruit tree is used as intermediate stock, while taking its stem section, be inoculated in through
In the bud inducement cultivation base of autoclave sterilization；Condition of culture: culture room temperature is 23~28 DEG C, after 6~10d of dark culture, light
1200~14001x, 9~10h/d of light application time, 15~18d of incubation time are gradually adjusted to according to intensity；
3) fruit-tree grafting: 10~13 days before fruit tree germination, intermediate stock being grafted on base anvil, the rugosity of the grafting base anvil
For 25~30cm, base anvil is made into the smooth round log shape in surface using tool, by vertical round log blade in bast zone and shape
3~4 notches are cut between stratification, by the round log blade of the inclined angle of fruit tree trunk between forming layer and layer of wood
2~3 notches are cut into, it is in the wedge-shaped notch for being inserted into above-mentioned processing, to centre that interstock, which is then whittled into one end, respectively
When the rugosity of stock reaches 25~30cm, secondary grafting is carried out, the secondary grafting is that notch is cut on interstock, will be through
The stem section crossed in the step 2) of processing is inserted into notch, described to be grafted twice all using film tape bundled fixed, and coats envelope
Oil is cut, transplanting processing is carried out after the completion of grafting；Heating paraffin is melted, when paraffin temperature is in 60~65 DEG C, is aligned scion
Then position carries out dipping in wax, dipping in wax depth is 3~4cm；It is store in 80%~90% environment after dipping in wax in 0~4 DEG C, humidity
It deposits, just completes the vitro grafting of red Fuji apple tree.
2. a kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 1)
In fertilizer V by 61.5~68.5 parts of dry pig manure, 34~43 parts of wormcast, 30~36 parts of urea, 19~29 parts of potassium fulvate, burnt
14~22 parts of sodium phosphate, 10.2~14.8 parts of matrine, 6~10 parts of obsolete fungus stick, 4~7 parts of fly maggot powder, rape straw 4~7
Part, apple fall leaves 3~4 parts, 1~4 part of carbendazim, vinasse powder through 1.5~3.5 parts through mixing, crushing, stirring, fermentation preparation and
At.
3. a kind of vitro grafting method of red Fuji apple tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3)
In peripheral branch before grafting need to temperature be 1~4 DEG C in a low temperature of carry out Cold Acclimation 3~6 days.
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