CN103918464A - Hybridization seedling culturing method for malus spectabilis and apples - Google Patents
Hybridization seedling culturing method for malus spectabilis and apples Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hybridization seedling culturing method for malus spectabilis and apples and belongs to the technical field of seedling culturing. The malus spectabilis is adopted for the seedling culturing method. According to the method, the malus spectabilis is cultured to obtain malus spectabilis seedlings A as rootstocks; the malus spectabilis as female parents and the apples are hybridized to obtain hybridized seeds, and the seeds are planted to obtain malus spectabilis seedlings B; the malus spectabilis seedlings B are used for obtaining malus spectabilis and apple hybridized leaf bud pieces. A bud grafting method is adopted for grafting the obtained malus spectabilis and apple hybridized lead bud pieces on the malus spectabilis seedlings B to the malus spectabilis seedlings A. The hybridization seedling culturing method for the malus spectabilis and apples is short in seedling culturing period, high in sapling survival rate and adaptability of the obtained seedlings, rapid in growth and resistant to freezing, drought, waterlogging and barren after planting. Borne fruits through the obtained hybridized grafted seedlings not only have the taste of the apples, but also have the high-yield characteristic of the malus spectabilis and can rapidly enter a high-yield period, rapid popularization of a new species of apples is facilitated, and high economical benefits are high.
Description
Technical field
Winter haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, belong to nursery technology field.
Background technology
Winter haw Malus spectabilis at present at home and abroad, only as gardens, observe seeds and plant, do not have to use as stock with its seed seedling-raising, do not have and use it as genetic breeding material.The apple production of China reaches approximately 3,500 ten thousand tons for 2012, accounts for world's apple production more than 40%, and industry size is sure to occupy the first in the world.Apple in Shandong, many places in Liaoning, Shaanxi are the main pillar industries in rural area.In apple production, selecting breeding stock is to be substantially the most also a most important link, because stock is related to an apple individual plant, the characteristics such as fundamentally whether disease-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, waterlogging, barren-resistant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, life-span be long, thereby affected growth potential, output, the quality of apple, final decision the economic benefit of apple production.Shandong is maximum hybridization apple nursery stock seedling grown place, the whole nation, apple rootstock is mainly with the breeding of growing directly from seeds of the seeds such as hupehensis Rehd, Hubei Chinese flowering crabapple, Mount Taishan Malus spectabilis, Laiwu Malus spectabilis, these breeding stocks mostly were wild state in the past, in its grown place large area, distribute, eighties of last century the early 1990s, whole nation Apple development area expands rapidly, and rootstock resource suffers predatory exploitation.Late nineteen nineties glides with apple price, and apple production is touched the bottom, and many local appearance are ruined garden phenomenon in a large number, and rootstock resource be nobody shows any interest in, and has lost artificial protection.Along with the raising of living standards of the people, the development of apple processing industry, since 2006, apple price improves rapidly, and Apple development area increases rapidly again, and sapling demand increases, to the demand of stock seed thereby increase, breeding stock has suffered again once destructive exploitation.According to the relevant expert of College of Horticulture of Shandong Agricultural University survey data, show, several apple breeding stocks just fragmentary distribution now in original producton location that our province is main, is in Critical Condition, and the research and development of apple breeding stock germ plasm resource are extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, winter haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple is provided, this seedling-cultivating method can obtain hybridization apple nursery stock by quickly breeding, and growing-seedling period is short, sapling survival rate is high, is conducive to the Rapid Popularization of Variety of Apple.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that the seedling-cultivating method of this Malus spectabilis and apple hybridization grafting nursery stock, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) Malus spectabilis florescence pollination: choose many strains winter haw cherry-apple tree, be divided into two groups and be labeled as respectively Malus spectabilis A, Malus spectabilis B; First Year is Malus spectabilis in the florescence, and the Malus spectabilis A of usining is bloomed and pollinated as male parent and female parent; The Malus spectabilis B of usining is bloomed and is awarded Apple Pollen as female parent, carries out hybridization pollination;
2) fruit collection: after First Year Malus spectabilis in autumn fallen leaves, under the Malus spectabilis A fruit that Malus spectabilis A is tied, the Malus spectabilis B Fruit that Malus spectabilis B ties, hold respectively with the woven bag of correspondence markings, First Year is placed on outdoor cold storage by woven bag winter;
3) the husky Tibetan vernalization of seed: Second Year, after the beginning of spring, is broken Malus spectabilis A fruit, Malus spectabilis B fruit to take out Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed into pieces, mixes the even Sha Zang of shady spot that is placed on respectively with moistening sand, carries out vernalization.
4) seeding and seedling raising: Malus spectabilis A seed, the Malus spectabilis B seed sand hidden every 5 ~ 8 days respectively turn over a time, until Malus spectabilis A seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germinate be greater than 80%, Malus spectabilis B seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinates while being greater than 30 ~ 40%, the Malus spectabilis A seed of germination, Malus spectabilis B seed are entered respectively to land for growing field crops, transplant and emerge;
5) seedling management: Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed sprouting become nursery stock, until Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, Malus spectabilis B seedling height, while reaching 10 centimetres, carry out final singling, start stop-spraying when 800 times of carbendazim to Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, Malus spectabilis B seedling heights of spray in 8 ~ 10 days all reach 40 centimetres; Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, Malus spectabilis B seedling height all reach 20 centimetres when above, start to topdress;
6) seedling grafting: Second Year early August intercepts bud sheet to early September on Malus spectabilis B nursery stock; At the Malus spectabilis A nursery stock mobile jib upper cut of high 10 ~ 20 centimeters overhead, with bud grafting method grafting Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud sheet, grafting place of bud sheet is wound around parcel with Polypropylence Sheet and passes the winter;
7) cutting anvil grows seedlings: when within the 3rd year, germinate spring, more than grafting place of bud sheet, 0.5 ~ 2 centimeters is wiped out Malus spectabilis A nursery stock top or major branch, with cutter, at the bud sheet grafting place back side, plastics cloth is scratched and taken off, the Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud that exposes grafting, obtain grafting nursery stock, within the 3rd year, grafting in spring to autumn nursery stock growing period topdresses, waters, and obtains.
Described apple variety is red fuji apple, Starkrimson or loud, high-pitched sound apple.
Pollination time described in step 1) be at 10 in the morning to point in afternoons 4, pollination adopts converts clear water by pollen and sprays flower.
In step 3), the consumption of sand is 3 ~ 5 times of seed volume, and the humidity of sand is agglomerating for holding, unclamp and fall apart for degree.
The distance of the final singling described in step 5) is 20 ~ 30 centimetres, and overstocked place is removed, and excessively rare place is mended and planted.
Transplanting described in step 5) is emerged and is adopted with the following method: before transplanting, every mu of ground evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 1 kilogram of phoxim granule; During sowing, the fine earth that furrow face is taken out to 1.5 cm thicks is placed in another furrow face, after this furrow face waters, Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed are evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face by 5 ~ 8 cm distance respectively, ready fine earth is covered to Malus spectabilis A seed, above Malus spectabilis B seed, spreads water and treat that it emerges.
In step 5), topdress and be blended in before watering and apply in 1:1 ratio with urea and composite fertilizer, 30 ~ 40 kgs/acre of the quantity of topdressing, 1 ~ 2 time/month.
Bud grafting method described in step 6), when in early August to the middle ten days grafting, bud grafting method adopts " T " font bud grafting method; When in late August to early September grafting, bud grafting method adopts wooden bud grafting method.
It is 1:1 that topdressing described in step 7) adopts the ratio of urea and composite fertilizer, topdresses 50 ~ 60 kgs/acre, topdresses 3 ~ 5 times/month.
Being described as follows of the seedling-cultivating method of this Malus spectabilis and apple hybridization grafting nursery stock:
The effect that wherein step 1) " is labeled as Malus spectabilis A, Malus spectabilis B " is for the ease of distinguishing the cherry-apple tree of same breed; " the Malus spectabilis A of usining is bloomed and is pollinated as male parent and female parent; The Malus spectabilis B of usining is bloomed and is awarded Apple Pollen as female parent, carries out hybridization pollination " effect be: obtain Malus spectabilis A nursery stock as stock, for obtaining the Malus spectabilis B nursery stock of hybridization apple bud sheet.By artificial pollination, can improve the rate of setting seeds of fruit and seed.In Malus spectabilis and Apple, all have 5 ventricles, if pollination is good, how a fruit can tie 10 seeds if being done at most; If poor pollination, only ties 3 ~ 5 seeds, even still less.Pollinating first 2 ~ 3 days, is the best opportunity of producing pollen.Win the bud that a bud just ready to burst, with hand, rub in time, make flower pesticide depart from stamen, then with dusting cover sieve, remove the impurity such as petal one time.Flower pesticide is layered on newspaper thinly, is placed in indoor drying in the shade, indoor requirement is dry, ventilation, dustless, and temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃.Temperature is too low, and flower pesticide is not easy to crack, and loose powder speed is slow; Excess Temperature, affects the vitality of pollen.Note, flower pesticide can't be exposed to the sun in the sun or toast.After 24 hours, by the meticulous square-bottomed bamboo basket of flower pesticide of the cracking that dries in the shade, remove impurity and can obtain flavous pollen.Pollen is packed in Brown Glass Brown glass bottles and jars only, be placed in 0 ℃ of following refrigerator and store for future use.
Preferably, apple variety is red fuji apple, Starkrimson or loud, high-pitched sound apple.Red fuji apple, Starkrimson and loud, high-pitched sound apple are the better kinds of proterties of main cultivation, with them and winter haw Malus spectabilis crossbreeding, and the middle small fruit type apple variety that availability shape is good.The healthy and strong middle disc flower of choosing during pollination, takes artificial point to award, and with rubber or writing brush, dips in.
Step 2 and 3) in, cold storage and husky effect of hiding are in order to break the dormancy of seed, in order to seed sprouting, improve seed planting percent.
In step 4), before transplanting, applying phoxim granule, is in order to kill soil insect, and it is in order to prevent the damping-off of seedling that larva sprays carbendazim.
5) meaning of the Malus spectabilis B nursery stock in is: Malus spectabilis B is through step 1) ~ 2) the Malus spectabilis B seed of gained, through step 3) ~ 5) cultivate the nursery stock obtaining; The meaning of Malus spectabilis A nursery stock is: Malus spectabilis A is through step 1) ~ 2) the Malus spectabilis A seed of gained, through step 3) ~ 5) cultivate the nursery stock obtaining.
The effect of step 6) is: the bud grafting of T font need be peeled off cortex, and early August, no matter as the Malus spectabilis A nursery stock of stock, for obtaining the Malus spectabilis B nursery stock of hybridization apple bud sheet, both branches were all easily from skin to the middle ten days.During late August to early September, be difficult for peeling off cortex, be with wooden budding method better.Grafting before August, budders and easily sprouts, and is difficult for surviving the winter; After mid-September, graft survival rate is low.
Effect " more than grafting place of bud sheet 0.5 ~ 2 centimeters is wiped out Malus spectabilis A nursery stock top mobile jib " in step 7) is: by wiping out Malus spectabilis A nursery stock top mobile jib, the Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud sheet that is beneficial to grafting grows into brachyplast, turns to reproductive growth, spend as early as possible the virgin phase of real nursery stock, and precocity fruiting, shorten the seed selection cycle of kind, and suitable seeding row spacing had both been beneficial to the growth of nursery stock, be beneficial to again saving land resources.
In step 7), topdress to adopt and topdress 50 ~ 60 kgs/acre, the effect of 3 ~ 5 times/month of topdressing is to shorten cultivation period, increases the success rate of fine quality seed selection.To autumn, can grow up to high more than 1.5 meters, the stalwartness of leading thread 1.0 ~ 2.0cm hybridization apple nursery stock.Hybridization apple nursery stock growing period should be strengthened rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Preferably, in step 7), the extermination of disease and insect pest is 3 ~ 5 times/month, mainly prevents and treats apple yellow aphid, two spotted spider mite and leaf diseases.
Compared with prior art, winter of the present invention haw Malus spectabilis and the beneficial effect that has of the hybrid breeding method of apple be:
1, the hybridization apple nursery stock survival rate that seedling-cultivating method of the present invention obtains is high, and sapling capillary root is many.The grafting affinity of seedling-cultivating method of the present invention and various apple varieties is strong, can be used for the stock as apple.This seedling-cultivating method Malus spectabilis used is winter haw Malus spectabilis.Applicant obtains Malus spectabilis A nursery stock as stock using winter haw Malus spectabilis cultivation; With Malus spectabilis, do maternal and apple hybridization acquisition hybridization, obtain hybrid seed, through plantation, obtain Malus spectabilis B nursery stock; This Malus spectabilis B nursery stock fruit can keep the mouthfeel of apple and similar outward appearance, but has the characteristic of Malus spectabilis high yield simultaneously.Applicant finds that this Malus spectabilis B nursery stock fruit is slow and fruit and seed germination rate is obviously lower with respect to winter haw under study for action.Applicant finds after deliberation: because female parent is winter haw Malus spectabilis, Malus spectabilis B nursery stock and the winter haw Malus spectabilis make maternal and male parent the affinity of Malus spectabilis A nursery stock obviously due to the affinity of existing apple and Malus spectabilis; Adopt the Malus spectabilis apple hybridization bud sheet obtaining on Malus spectabilis B nursery stock to adopt bud grafting method, the Malus spectabilis apple hybridization bud sheet grafting obtaining on Malus spectabilis B nursery stock, to Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, can be obtained to the hybridization apple nursery stock of high yield fast.In the present invention, Malus spectabilis kind used is winter haw, and winter haw belongs to rose family hybridization apple nursery stock, good for the affinity of existing apple variety, can be used for grafting Fuji apple, new Red Star, loud, high-pitched sound, the apple variety such as Qiao Najin.Sapling survival rate height can reach more than 98%, and sapling growth is fast.The hybridization apple nursery stock disease and insect resistance obtaining, its limb, blade, fruit, root system disease resistance are strong, and especially blade is plump, seldom infects leaf diseases.Identical apple variety comparison, the hybridization apple nursery stock fallen leaves that seedling-cultivating method of the present invention obtains are all later than not graft hybridization apple nursery stock of same kind.Seedling-cultivating method cultivation period of the present invention is short; Lower to germination rate especially Variety of Apple, adopts method of the present invention can play the effect of Rapid Popularization new varieties.
2, the hybridization apple nursery stock strong adaptability, freeze proof, the drought resisting, waterlogging, barren-resistant that adopt seedling-cultivating method of the present invention to obtain.And of the present invention obtained seedling growth is rapid.After leading thread 1.0 ~ 1.5cm seedling planting that step of the present invention obtains, hills unfertile land then leading thread can reach more than 3 centimetres, Second Year can reach more than 5 centimetres.Of the present invention obtained hybridization apple nursery stock field planting is in the good plot of rich water, and within the 3rd year, leading thread can reach 8 centimetres.The nursery stock yielding ability obtaining is strong.Nursery stock is because growth is fast, and axillary bud bearing capacity is strong, without fruit drop phenomenon, within the 3rd year of first order result, can enter high yield period, and fruit does not fall through frost and snow.And the mouthfeel that the hybridization grafting nursery stock fruit obtaining has an apple has again the high yield feature of winter haw Malus spectabilis, can enter high yield period fast.Compare existing method of planting achievement tree acquisition new apple kind by seed, seedling-cultivating method of the present invention can obtain the fruit tree seedling of new varieties fast, is conducive to coming into the market fast of Variety of Apple, has higher economic benefit.
3, seedling-cultivating method of the present invention is applicable to apple variety hybridization volume increase, and applicable apple variety is of a great variety, and preferred, apple variety is red fuji apple, Starkrimson, loud, high-pitched sound apple.Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention also can be applicable to the Malus spectabilis hybridization grafting of different cultivars.Because the affinity of winter haw Malus spectabilis stock and other kind Malus spectabilis is all better, the grafting of the sea of fire Chinese bush cherry on preferred, hall crabapple flower, midget crabapple, Kai Ersi Malus spectabilis, plateau all succeeds.Adopt the method for the present invention can a plurality of Malus spectabilis kinds of grafting high and changing head grafting, upper different patterns, different leaf look, the different fruit of occurring of a strain tree, such Evergreen garden plant dowel valency high benefit is good.If apple and Malus spectabilis inter breed crossing with good, select the better apple that has independent intellectual property right and Malus spectabilis kind.New varieties sapling will have the huge market demand, obviously drives the development of Apple Industry and Malus spectabilis sapling industry, and industrialization prospect is wide.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 ~ 3rd, the specific embodiment of the present invention, and wherein embodiment 1 is most preferred embodiment.
embodiment 1
The present embodiment adopts following seedling-cultivating method:
1) Malus spectabilis florescence pollination: choose many strains winter haw cherry-apple tree, be divided into two groups and be labeled as respectively Malus spectabilis A, Malus spectabilis B; Apple variety is red fuji apple; First Year is Malus spectabilis in the florescence, and the Malus spectabilis A of usining is bloomed and pollinated as male parent and female parent; The Malus spectabilis B of usining is bloomed and is awarded Apple Pollen as female parent, carries out hybridization pollination; Pollination time be at 10 in the morning to point in afternoons 4, pollination adopts converts clear water by pollen and sprays flower
2) fruit collection: after First Year Malus spectabilis in autumn fallen leaves, under the Malus spectabilis A fruit that Malus spectabilis A is tied, the Malus spectabilis B Fruit that Malus spectabilis B ties, hold respectively with the woven bag of correspondence markings, First Year volume in winter will be knitted bag and is placed on outdoor cold storage;
3) the husky Tibetan vernalization of seed: Second Year, after the beginning of spring, is broken Malus spectabilis A fruit, Malus spectabilis B fruit to take out Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed into pieces, mixes the even Sha Zang of shady spot that is placed on respectively with moistening sand, carries out vernalization; The consumption of sand is 5 times of seed volume, and the humidity of sand is agglomerating for holding, unclamp and fall apart for degree;
4) seeding and seedling raising: Malus spectabilis A seed, the Malus spectabilis B seed sand hidden every 5 days respectively turn over a time, until Malus spectabilis A seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germinate be greater than 80%, Malus spectabilis B seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinates while being greater than 40%, the Malus spectabilis A seed of germination, Malus spectabilis B seed are entered to land for growing field crops, transplant and emerge, be sown into land for growing field crops; During sowing, the fine earth that furrow face is taken out to 1.5 cm thicks is placed in another furrow face, after this furrow face waters, Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed are evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face by 5 cm distance respectively, ready fine earth is covered to Malus spectabilis A seed, above Malus spectabilis B seed, spreads water and treat that it emerges;
5) seedling management: Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed sprouting become nursery stock, carries out final singling until Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, Malus spectabilis B nursery stock when high to 10 centimetres, and the distance of final singling is 25 centimetres, and overstocked place is removed, and excessively rare place is mended and planted; Beginning is every 800 times of carbendazim of spray in 10 days stop-spraying during to 40 centimetres of heights of seedling; Nursery stock, up to when more than 20 centimetres, starts to topdress; Described transplanting is emerged and is adopted with the following method: before transplanting, every mu of ground evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 1 kilogram of phoxim granule; During sowing, the fine earth that furrow face is taken out to 1.5 cm thicks is placed in another furrow face, after this furrow face waters, Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed are evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face by 5 ~ 8 cm distance respectively, ready fine earth is covered to Malus spectabilis A seed, above Malus spectabilis B seed, spreads water and treat that it emerges; Topdress and be blended in before watering and apply in 1:1 ratio with urea and composite fertilizer, 30 kgs/acre of the quantity of topdressing, 2 times/month;
6) seedling grafting: Second Year is when early August to the middle ten days grafting; On Malus spectabilis B nursery stock, intercept bud sheet; At the Malus spectabilis A nursery stock mobile jib upper cut of high 20 centimeters overhead, adopt " T " font bud grafting method grafting Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud sheet, grafting place of bud sheet is wound around parcel with Polypropylence Sheet and passes the winter;
7) cutting anvil grows seedlings: when within the 3rd year, germinate spring, more than grafting place of bud sheet, 0.5 centimeters is wiped out Malus spectabilis A nursery stock top or major branch, with cutter, at the bud sheet grafting place back side, plastics cloth is scratched and taken off, the Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud that exposes grafting, obtains grafting nursery stock, and within the 3rd year, grafting in spring to autumn nursery stock growing period topdresses, waters, the ratio of described topdress employing urea and composite fertilizer is 1:1, topdress 60 kgs/acre, topdress 4 times/month, obtain.
embodiment 2
The present embodiment adopts following seedling-cultivating method:
1) Malus spectabilis florescence pollination: choose many strains winter haw cherry-apple tree, be divided into two groups and be labeled as respectively Malus spectabilis A, Malus spectabilis B; Apple variety is Starkrimson; First Year is Malus spectabilis in the florescence, and the Malus spectabilis A of usining is bloomed and pollinated as male parent and female parent; The Malus spectabilis B of usining is bloomed and is awarded Apple Pollen as female parent, carries out hybridization pollination; Pollination time be at 10 in the morning to point in afternoons 4, pollination adopts converts clear water by pollen and sprays flower
2) fruit collection: after First Year Malus spectabilis in autumn fallen leaves, under the Malus spectabilis A fruit that Malus spectabilis A is tied, the Malus spectabilis B Fruit that Malus spectabilis B ties, hold respectively with the woven bag of correspondence markings, First Year volume in winter will be knitted bag and is placed on outdoor cold storage;
3) the husky Tibetan vernalization of seed: Second Year, after the beginning of spring, is broken Malus spectabilis A fruit, Malus spectabilis B fruit to take out Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed into pieces, mixes the even Sha Zang of shady spot that is placed on respectively with moistening sand, carries out vernalization; The consumption of sand is 3 times of seed volume, and the humidity of sand is agglomerating for holding, unclamp and fall apart for degree;
4) seeding and seedling raising: Malus spectabilis A seed, the Malus spectabilis B seed sand hidden every 8 days respectively turn over a time, until Malus spectabilis A seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germinate be greater than 80%, Malus spectabilis B seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinates while being greater than 30%, the Malus spectabilis A seed of germination, Malus spectabilis B seed are entered to land for growing field crops, transplant and emerge, be sown into land for growing field crops; During sowing, the fine earth that furrow face is taken out to 1.5 cm thicks is placed in another furrow face, after this furrow face waters, Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed are evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face by 5 cm distance respectively, ready fine earth is covered to Malus spectabilis A seed, above Malus spectabilis B seed, spreads water and treat that it emerges;
5) seedling management: Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed sprouting become nursery stock, carries out final singling until Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, Malus spectabilis B nursery stock when high to 10 centimetres, and the distance of final singling is 30 centimetres, and overstocked place is removed, and excessively rare place is mended and planted; Beginning is every 800 times of carbendazim of spray in 8 days stop-spraying during to 40 centimetres of heights of seedling; Nursery stock, up to when more than 20 centimetres, starts to topdress; Described transplanting is emerged and is adopted with the following method: before transplanting, every mu of ground evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 1 kilogram of phoxim granule; During sowing, the fine earth that furrow face is taken out to 1.5 cm thicks is placed in another furrow face, after this furrow face waters, Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed are evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face by 5 ~ 8 cm distance respectively, ready fine earth is covered to Malus spectabilis A seed, above Malus spectabilis B seed, spreads water and treat that it emerges; Topdress and be blended in before watering and apply in 1:1 ratio with urea and composite fertilizer, 40 kgs/acre of the quantity of topdressing, 1 time/month;
6) seedling grafting: Second Year is when early August to the middle ten days grafting; On Malus spectabilis B nursery stock, intercept bud sheet; At the Malus spectabilis A nursery stock mobile jib upper cut of high 15 centimeters overhead, adopt " T " font bud grafting method grafting Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud sheet, grafting place of bud sheet is wound around parcel with Polypropylence Sheet and passes the winter;
7) cutting anvil grows seedlings: when within the 3rd year, germinate spring, more than grafting place of bud sheet, 2 centimeters are wiped out Malus spectabilis A nursery stock top or major branch, with cutter, at the bud sheet grafting place back side, plastics cloth is scratched and taken off, the Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud that exposes grafting, obtains grafting nursery stock, and within the 3rd year, grafting in spring to autumn nursery stock growing period topdresses, waters, the ratio of described topdress employing urea and composite fertilizer is 1:1, topdress 60 kgs/acre, topdress 3 times/month, obtain.
embodiment 3
The present embodiment adopts following seedling-cultivating method:
1) choose many strains winter haw cherry-apple tree, be divided into two groups and be labeled as respectively Malus spectabilis A, Malus spectabilis B; Apple variety is loud, high-pitched sound apple; First Year is Malus spectabilis in the florescence, and the Malus spectabilis A of usining is bloomed and pollinated as male parent and female parent; The Malus spectabilis B of usining is bloomed and is awarded Apple Pollen as female parent, carries out hybridization pollination; Pollination time be at 10 in the morning to point in afternoons 4, pollination adopts converts clear water by pollen and sprays flower
2) fruit collection: after First Year Malus spectabilis in autumn fallen leaves, under the Malus spectabilis A fruit that Malus spectabilis A is tied, the Malus spectabilis B Fruit that Malus spectabilis B ties, hold respectively with the woven bag of correspondence markings, First Year volume in winter will be knitted bag and is placed on outdoor cold storage;
3) the husky Tibetan vernalization of seed: Second Year, after the beginning of spring, is broken Malus spectabilis A fruit, Malus spectabilis B fruit to take out Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed into pieces, mixes the even Sha Zang of shady spot that is placed on respectively with moistening sand, carries out vernalization; The consumption of sand is 4 times of seed volume, and the humidity of sand is agglomerating for holding, unclamp and fall apart for degree;
4) seeding and seedling raising: Malus spectabilis A seed, the Malus spectabilis B seed sand hidden every 7 days respectively turn over a time, until Malus spectabilis A seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germinate be greater than 80%, Malus spectabilis B seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinates while being greater than 35%, the Malus spectabilis A seed of germination, Malus spectabilis B seed are entered to land for growing field crops, transplant and emerge, be sown into land for growing field crops; During sowing, the fine earth that furrow face is taken out to 1.5 cm thicks is placed in another furrow face, after this furrow face waters, Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed are evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face by 5 cm distance respectively, ready fine earth is covered to Malus spectabilis A seed, above Malus spectabilis B seed, spreads water and treat that it emerges;
5) seedling management: Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed sprouting become nursery stock, carries out final singling until Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, Malus spectabilis B nursery stock when high to 10 centimetres, and the distance of final singling is 20 centimetres, and overstocked place is removed, and excessively rare place is mended and planted; Beginning is every 800 times of carbendazim of spray in 9 days stop-spraying during to 40 centimetres of heights of seedling; Nursery stock, up to when more than 20 centimetres, starts to topdress; Described transplanting is emerged and is adopted with the following method: before transplanting, every mu of ground evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 1 kilogram of phoxim granule; During sowing, the fine earth that furrow face is taken out to 1.5 cm thicks is placed in another furrow face, after this furrow face waters, Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed are evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face by 5 ~ 8 cm distance respectively, ready fine earth is covered to Malus spectabilis A seed, above Malus spectabilis B seed, spreads water and treat that it emerges; Topdress and be blended in before watering and apply in 1:1 ratio with urea and composite fertilizer, 40 kgs/acre of the quantity of topdressing, 2 times/month;
6) seedling grafting: Second Year early August intercepts bud sheet to early September on Malus spectabilis B nursery stock; At the Malus spectabilis A nursery stock mobile jib upper cut of high 15 centimeters overhead, with bud grafting method grafting Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud sheet, grafting place of bud sheet is wound around parcel with Polypropylence Sheet and passes the winter; Described bud grafting method, when in early August to the middle ten days grafting, bud grafting method adopts " T " font bud grafting method; When in late August to early September grafting, bud grafting method adopts wooden bud grafting method;
7) cutting anvil grows seedlings: when within the 3rd year, germinate spring, more than grafting place of bud sheet, 1 centimeters is wiped out Malus spectabilis A nursery stock top or major branch, with cutter, at the bud sheet grafting place back side, plastics cloth is scratched and taken off, the Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud that exposes grafting, obtains grafting nursery stock, and within the 3rd year, grafting in spring to autumn nursery stock growing period topdresses, waters, the ratio of described topdress employing urea and composite fertilizer is 1:1, topdress 55 kgs/acre, topdress 4 times/month, obtain.
performance test
Applicant separates growing area that three areas are equal as the growing area of embodiment 1 ~ 3 in orchard, in three growing areas, adopt respectively the nursery stock seedling-cultivating method of embodiment 1 ~ 3 to carry out cultivating seedlings, and three growing areas are carried out to label, each growing area is cultivated nursery stock 1000 strains.Statistics Implementation example 1 ~ 3 step 1 ~ 7) total duration is as cultivation period, and cultivation period, the calculating mean value of adding up the 1000 strain saplings of each embodiment are recorded into following table.Limiting Survival rate of nursery stock standard is: the nursery stock after grafting grows young leaves and is and survives.Survival rate is: in 1000 strains, survive sapling strain number shared percentage in 1000 strain saplings.Statistics Implementation example 1 ~ 3 survival rate be recorded into following table.
Table 1 testing result
The cultivation period that can find out the hybridization apple nursery stock that seedling-cultivating method of the present invention obtains by table 1 is short, and sapling survival rate is high.
The fruit tree of embodiment 1 ~ 3 is continued to observe, and in the fruit tree result time, result is calculated First Year for the first time, and 3 growing areas every mu of result situation of initial 3 years at track record embodiment 1 ~ 3 place, in Table 2.
Table 2 testing result
By table 2, can find out that the hybridization apple nursery stock that seedling-cultivating method of the present invention obtains can enter high yield period fast, and institute's result outward appearance, mouthfeel be apple, but this nursery stock has again the high yield feature of Malus spectabilis, in result, within the 3rd year, can enter high yield period.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not invention to be done to the restriction of other form, and any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.But every technical solution of the present invention content that do not depart from, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling above embodiment done according to technical spirit of the present invention, still belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
- Winter haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:1) Malus spectabilis florescence pollination: choose many strains winter haw cherry-apple tree, be divided into two groups and be labeled as respectively Malus spectabilis A, Malus spectabilis B; First Year is Malus spectabilis in the florescence, and the Malus spectabilis A of usining is bloomed and pollinated as male parent and female parent; The Malus spectabilis B of usining is bloomed and is awarded Apple Pollen as female parent, carries out hybridization pollination;2) fruit collection: after First Year Malus spectabilis in autumn fallen leaves, under the Malus spectabilis A fruit that Malus spectabilis A is tied, the Malus spectabilis B Fruit that Malus spectabilis B ties, hold respectively with the woven bag of correspondence markings, First Year is placed on outdoor cold storage by woven bag winter;3) the husky Tibetan vernalization of seed: Second Year, after the beginning of spring, is broken Malus spectabilis A fruit, Malus spectabilis B fruit to take out Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed into pieces, mixes the even Sha Zang of shady spot that is placed on respectively with moistening sand, carries out vernalization;4) seeding and seedling raising: Malus spectabilis A seed, the Malus spectabilis B seed sand hidden every 5 ~ 8 days respectively turn over a time, until Malus spectabilis A seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germinate be greater than 80%, Malus spectabilis B seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and germinates while being greater than 30 ~ 40%, the Malus spectabilis A seed of germination, Malus spectabilis B seed are entered respectively to land for growing field crops, transplant and emerge;5) seedling management: Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed sprouting become nursery stock, until Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, Malus spectabilis B seedling height, while reaching 10 centimetres, carry out final singling, start stop-spraying when 800 times of carbendazim to Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, Malus spectabilis B seedling heights of spray in 8 ~ 10 days all reach 40 centimetres; Malus spectabilis A nursery stock, Malus spectabilis B seedling height all reach 20 centimetres when above, start to topdress;6) seedling grafting: Second Year early August intercepts bud sheet to early September on Malus spectabilis B nursery stock; At the Malus spectabilis A nursery stock mobile jib upper cut of high 10 ~ 20 centimeters overhead, with T font bud grafting method grafting Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud sheet, grafting place of bud sheet is wound around parcel with Polypropylence Sheet and passes the winter;7) cutting anvil grows seedlings: when within the 3rd year, germinate spring, more than grafting place of bud sheet, 0.5 ~ 2 centimeters is wiped out Malus spectabilis A nursery stock top or major branch, with cutter, at the bud sheet grafting place back side, plastics cloth is scratched and taken off, the Malus spectabilis B nursery stock bud that exposes grafting, obtain grafting nursery stock, within the 3rd year, grafting in spring to autumn nursery stock growing period topdresses, waters, and obtains.
- Winter according to claim 1 haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, it is characterized in that: described apple variety is red fuji apple, Starkrimson or loud, high-pitched sound apple.
- Winter according to claim 1 haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, it is characterized in that: the pollination time described in step 1) be at 10 in the morning to point in afternoons 4, pollination adopts converts clear water by pollen and sprays flower.
- Winter according to claim 1 haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, it is characterized in that: in step 3), the consumption of sand is 3 ~ 5 times of seed volume, the humidity of sand is agglomerating for holding, unclamp and fall apart for degree.
- Winter according to claim 1 haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, it is characterized in that: the distance of the final singling described in step 5) is 20 ~ 30 centimetres, and overstocked place is removed, excessively rare place is mended and is planted.
- Winter according to claim 1 haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, it is characterized in that, the transplanting described in step 5) is emerged and is adopted with the following method: before transplanting, every mu of ground evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields 1 kilogram of phoxim granule; During sowing, the fine earth that furrow face is taken out to 1.5 cm thicks is placed in another furrow face, after this furrow face waters, Malus spectabilis A seed, Malus spectabilis B seed are evenly sprinkling upon on furrow face by 5 ~ 8 cm distance respectively, ready fine earth is covered to Malus spectabilis A seed, above Malus spectabilis B seed, spreads water and treat that it emerges.
- Winter according to claim 1 haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, it is characterized in that: in step 5), topdress and be blended in before watering and apply in 1:1 ratio with urea and composite fertilizer, 30 ~ 40 kgs/acre of the quantity of topdressing, 1 ~ 2 time/month.
- Winter according to claim 1 haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, it is characterized in that: the bud grafting method described in step 6), when in early August to the middle ten days grafting, bud grafting method adopts " T " font bud grafting method; When in late August to early September grafting, bud grafting method adopts wooden bud grafting method.
- Winter according to claim 1 haw Malus spectabilis and the hybrid breeding method of apple, it is characterized in that: it is 1:1 that topdressing described in step 7) adopts the ratio of urea and composite fertilizer, topdresses 50 ~ 60 kgs/acre, topdresses 3 ~ 5 times/month.
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| CN104604513A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-13 | 新疆德天利果蔬有限公司 | Cultivation method of Han Fuji apple |
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| CN106305278A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏艺轩园林景观工程有限公司 | Cultivating method of malus spectabilis in South Jiangsu area |
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| CN111492883A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-07 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Efficient apple crossbreeding method |
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| CN104604513A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-13 | 新疆德天利果蔬有限公司 | Cultivation method of Han Fuji apple |
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| CN108849475A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-23 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of Malus spectabilis pollen treatment process and Malus spectabilis pollen and its application |
| CN108849475B (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2021-09-07 | 南京林业大学 | Malus spectabilis pollen treatment process, Malus spectabilis pollen and application thereof |
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| CN112189500A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-08 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Seedling cultivation method for forestry ornamental trees |
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