CN107258274B - Method for cross-breeding of maojiaohua and Laohuahong - Google Patents
Method for cross-breeding of maojiaohua and Laohuahong Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258274B CN107258274B CN201710471741.1A CN201710471741A CN107258274B CN 107258274 B CN107258274 B CN 107258274B CN 201710471741 A CN201710471741 A CN 201710471741A CN 107258274 B CN107258274 B CN 107258274B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of hybridization, in particular to a method for hybridizing and growing seedlings of maojian and Laohuahong, which comprises seven steps of parent selection, artificial pollination, sand storage, seedling growing, stock selection, grafting and later-stage management to complete the hybridization and growing seedlings of the maojianhong, obtains hybrid plants with excellent properties of the parents by selecting proper maohuahong as the parent and adopting an artificial pollination mode, and reasonably grows the seedlings of the plants to further improve the seedling rate and survival rate of the hybrid maohuahong growing seedlings; meanwhile, the reasonable use of the nutrient soil and the traditional Chinese medicines is combined, the growth and development of the hybrid seedlings are promoted, the seedling raising period is shortened, the disease resistance of the hybrid seedlings can be improved, and excellent seedlings are provided for the subsequent high-yield and high-quality anthocephalus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hybridization, and particularly relates to a method for cross-breeding of maojianhua and Laohuahong.
Background
The malus asiatica, also known as small apples, commonly known as crabapples, Chinese pear-leaved crabapples, is a plant of the genus malus of the family rosaceae, is mainly distributed in one area of the yellow river and the Yangtze river basin of Chinese continental land, and has oval or elliptical leaves and red pollen; the fruit is spherical, is small like an apple, is yellowish green with slight red, is a common fruit, is taken as a medicine, has the efficacies of quenching thirst, stopping diarrhea, arresting seminal emission and the like, is suitable for patients with dysphoria with smothery sensation in summer, thirst in the mouth, chronic diarrhea and dysentery and spermatorrhea, and is forbidden to eat by patients with diabetes, thirst, thromboangiitis obliterans, gout, carbuncle, furuncle and other diseases; due to the high nutritive value, the crab apple is favored by the public, the quality requirement of people on the crab apple is higher and higher, the color and the taste of the crab apple obtained by the traditional planting method can not meet the requirements of people, and the problems of low fruit yield, low survival rate in the seedling stage, weak disease resistance of the crab apple plants and the like exist in the crab apple planting process, so that the economic benefit is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for cross-breeding of maojianhua and Laohuahong.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cross-breeding of maojiahong and Laohuahong includes the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting plants which are large in fruiting, bright in color, uniform in fruit size and free of diseases and insect pests for 1-3 years, wherein maojianhong is used as a male parent, and saffron is used as a female parent;
(2) artificial pollination: collecting fresh pollen of the male parent for artificial pollination after the female parent enters the full-bloom stage, and picking fruits after the fruits are mature;
(3) sand storage: taking seeds from the fruits in the step (2), taking out the seeds by adopting a disinfectant, putting the seeds into wet sand with the depth of 10-15 cm and the temperature of 3-5 ℃, covering the surface of the seeds with the wet sand for 8-13 cm, and taking the seeds out of the wet sand after 20-30% of the seeds start to sprout; the wet sand is held by hands to form a ball without water, and is preferably loosened;
(4) seedling culture: washing the seeds obtained in the step 3) with clear water for 2-3 times, soaking with warm water until the germination rate reaches more than 85%, growing seedlings by using pot plates, planting 1-3 seeds into each pot plate hole, covering the pot plate holes with nutrient soil, wherein the covering thickness is 0.4-0.7 cm, keeping the environmental temperature at 15-20 ℃, and obtaining hybrid seedlings after seedling growing is finished;
(5) selecting the rootstock: selecting nursery stocks obtained by hybridization of malus prunifolia and apples as stocks;
(6) grafting: grafting the hybrid seedling and the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, and smearing a healing agent on the grafted part;
(7) and (4) post management: watering the hybrid seedlings of the anthurium andraeanum within 1 month after grafting, watering once every day within 1-3 months, watering once every 5-7 days, and not watering after 3 months; and fertilizing once per mu according to 3-4 kg in a seedling period, and fertilizing 1-2 times per mu according to 8-12 kg in a bud period.
The nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55-60% of field soil, 15-20% of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 3-7% of humic acid, 15-20% of quicklime and the balance of water.
20-30 parts of a healing agent naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA 5-10 parts, 12-17 parts of an astragalus extract and 25-30 parts of ethanol.
28 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA7 parts, 15 parts of astragalus extract and 28 parts of ethanol.
And (4) soaking the mixture in water at the temperature of 32-37 ℃ for 12-16 h.
The fertilizer applied in the step (7) contains 60-70% of nitrogen, 15-20% of phosphorus pentoxide and 15-25% of potassium oxide.
The fertilizer also comprises 15-20 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 7-12 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 9-14 parts of erythrina bark, 15-20 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 2-5 parts of lotus leaves, 1-3 parts of peach leaves and 5-8 parts of cortex albiziae.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method completes the hybrid seedling culture of the flower red through seven steps of parent selection, artificial pollination, sand storage, seedling culture, stock selection, grafting and later-period management, obtains hybrid plants with excellent properties of the parents by selecting proper flower red as the parent and adopting an artificial pollination mode, and reasonably performs seedling culture treatment on the plants so as to improve the seedling survival rate and survival rate of the hybrid flower red seedling culture; meanwhile, the reasonable use of the nutrient soil and the traditional Chinese medicines is combined, the growth and development of the hybrid seedlings are promoted, the seedling raising period is shortened, the disease resistance of the hybrid seedlings can be improved, and excellent seedlings are provided for the subsequent high-yield and high-quality anthocephalus.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further limited by the following specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A method for cross-breeding of maojiahong and Laohuahong includes the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting plants which have large fruiting, bright color, uniform fruit size and no plant diseases and insect pests for 1 year, wherein the Maojianhong flower red is taken as a male parent and the Laohuahong flower red is taken as a female parent;
(2) artificial pollination: collecting fresh pollen of the male parent for artificial pollination after the female parent enters the full-bloom stage, and picking fruits after the fruits are mature;
(3) sand storage: taking seeds from the fruits in the step (2), taking out the seeds by adopting a disinfectant, putting the seeds into wet sand with the depth of 10cm and the temperature of 3 ℃, covering the surface of the seeds by using the wet sand for 8cm, and taking the seeds out of the wet sand after 20 percent of the seeds start to sprout; the wet sand is held by hands to form a ball without water, and is preferably loosened;
(4) seedling culture: washing the seeds obtained in the step 3) with clear water for 2 times, soaking the seeds in warm water until the germination rate reaches more than 85%, growing seedlings by using pot plates, planting 1 seed in each pot plate hole, covering the pot plate holes with nutrient soil, wherein the covering thickness is 0.4cm, keeping the environmental temperature at 15 ℃, and obtaining hybrid seedlings after seedling growing;
(5) selecting the rootstock: selecting nursery stocks obtained by hybridization of malus prunifolia and apples as stocks;
(6) grafting: grafting the hybrid seedling and the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, and smearing a healing agent on the grafted part;
(7) and (4) post management: watering the hybrid seedlings of the flower red once a day within 1 month after grafting, watering the hybrid seedlings once every 5 days within 1-3 months, and not watering the hybrid seedlings after 3 months; the fertilizer is applied once per mu in a seedling period according to 3kg, and is applied for 1 time per mu in a bud period according to 8 kg.
The nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55% of field soil, 15% of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 3% of humic acid, 15% of quicklime and the balance of water.
200g of the healing agent naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA50g, 120g of astragalus extract and 250g of ethanol.
And (4) soaking the raw materials in water at the temperature of 32 ℃ for 12 hours.
The fertilizer applied in the step (8) contains 60% of nitrogen, 15% of phosphorus pentoxide and 15% of potassium oxide.
The fertilizer also comprises 150g of astragalus membranaceus, 70g of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 90g of erythrina bark, 150g of radix ophiopogonis, 20g of lotus leaves, 10g of peach leaves and 50g of cortex albiziae.
Seedling raising effect verification: taking the scheme of example 1 as an experimental group and a traditional flower red planting method as a control group, after the experiment is finished, statistical analysis is carried out on the survival rate, the seedling rate and the growth amount of the two groups, and the results are as follows:
according to experimental results, the seedling raising effect of the method is obviously higher than that of a control group, wherein the survival rate is 6.6% higher than that of the control group, and the seedling rate is 8.7% higher than that of the control group.
Example 2
A method for cross-breeding of maojiahong and Laohuahong includes the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting plants which have large fruit bearing, bright color, uniform fruit size and no plant diseases and insect pests for 3 years, wherein maojianhua is used as a male parent and saffron is used as a female parent;
(2) artificial pollination: collecting fresh pollen of the male parent for artificial pollination after the female parent enters the full-bloom stage, and picking fruits after the fruits are mature;
(3) sand storage: taking the seeds from the fruits in the step (2), taking out the seeds by adopting a disinfectant, putting the seeds into wet sand with the depth of 15cm and the temperature of 5 ℃, covering the surface of the seeds by using the wet sand for 13cm, and taking the seeds out of the wet sand after 30 percent of the seeds start to sprout; the wet sand is held by hands to form a ball without water, and is preferably loosened;
(4) seedling culture: washing the seeds obtained in the step 3) with clear water for 2-3 times, soaking with warm water until the germination rate reaches more than 85%, growing seedlings by using pot plates, planting 3 seeds into each pot plate hole, covering the pot plate holes with nutrient soil, wherein the covering thickness is 0.7cm, keeping the environmental temperature at 20 ℃, and obtaining hybrid seedlings after seedling growing;
(5) selecting the rootstock: selecting nursery stocks obtained by hybridization of malus prunifolia and apples as stocks;
(6) grafting: grafting the hybrid seedling and the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, and smearing a healing agent on the grafted part;
(7) and (4) post management: watering the hybrid seedlings of the flower red once a day within 1 month after grafting, watering the hybrid seedlings once every 7 days within 1-3 months, and not watering the hybrid seedlings after 3 months; and fertilizing once per mu according to 3-4 kg in a seedling stage, and fertilizing 2 times per mu according to 12kg in a bud stage.
The nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60% of field soil, 20% of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 7% of humic acid, 15% of quicklime and the balance of water.
300g of the healing agent naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA100g, 170g of astragalus extract and 300g of ethanol.
And (4) soaking the raw materials in water with the temperature of 37 ℃ for 16 h.
The fertilizer applied in the step (7) contains 70% of nitrogen, 80% of phosphorus pentoxide and 15% of potassium oxide.
The fertilizer also comprises 200g of astragalus mongholicus, 120g of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 140g of erythrina bark, 200g of radix ophiopogonis, 50g of lotus leaves, 30g of peach leaves and 80g of cortex albiziae.
Example 3
A method for cross-breeding of maojiahong and Laohuahong includes the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting plants which have large fruiting, bright color, uniform fruit size and no plant diseases and insect pests for 2 years, wherein maojianhong is used as a male parent, and saffron is used as a female parent;
(2) artificial pollination: collecting fresh pollen of the male parent for artificial pollination after the female parent enters the full-bloom stage, and picking fruits after the fruits are mature;
(3) sand storage: taking the seeds from the fruits in the step (2), taking out the seeds by adopting a disinfectant, putting the seeds into wet sand with the depth of 12cm and the temperature of 4 ℃, covering the surface of the seeds by the wet sand for 10cm, and taking the seeds out of the wet sand after 25 percent of the seeds start to sprout; the wet sand is held by hands to form a ball without water, and is preferably loosened;
(4) seedling culture: washing the seeds obtained in the step 3) with clear water for 2-3 times, soaking with warm water until the germination rate reaches more than 85%, growing seedlings by using pot plates, planting 2 seeds into each pot plate hole, covering the pot plate holes with nutrient soil, wherein the covering thickness is 0.6cm, keeping the environmental temperature at 18 ℃, and obtaining hybrid seedlings after seedling growing;
(5) selecting the rootstock: selecting nursery stocks obtained by hybridization of malus prunifolia and apples as stocks;
(6) grafting: grafting the hybrid seedling and the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, and smearing a healing agent on the grafted part;
(7) and (4) post management: watering the hybrid seedlings of the flower red once a day within 1 month after grafting, watering the hybrid seedlings once every 6 days within 1-3 months, and not watering the hybrid seedlings after 3 months; the fertilizer is applied once per mu according to 3.5kg in the seedling stage, and is applied for 2 times per mu according to 10kg in the bud stage.
The nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 54 percent of field soil, 16 percent of decomposed livestock manure, 5 percent of humic acid, 20 percent of quicklime and the balance of water.
280g of naphthylacetic acid, 70-BA 70g, 150g of astragalus extract and 280g of ethanol.
And (4) soaking the mixture in water with the temperature of 34 ℃ for 13 h.
The fertilizer applied in the step (7) has the nitrogen content of 65%, the phosphorus pentoxide content of 17% and the potassium oxide content of 24%.
The fertilizer also comprises 200g of astragalus mongholicus, 80g of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 110g of erythrina bark, 160g of radix ophiopogonis, 30g of lotus leaves, 20g of peach leaves and 70g of cortex albiziae.
Example 4
A method for cross-breeding of maojiahong and Laohuahong includes the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting plants which have large fruiting, bright color, uniform fruit size and no plant diseases and insect pests for 1 year, wherein the Maojianhong flower red is taken as a male parent and the Laohuahong flower red is taken as a female parent;
(2) artificial pollination: collecting fresh pollen of the male parent for artificial pollination after the female parent enters the full-bloom stage, and picking fruits after the fruits are mature;
(3) sand storage: taking seeds from the fruits in the step (2), taking out the seeds by adopting a disinfectant, putting the seeds into wet sand with the depth of 13cm and the temperature of 3-5 ℃, covering the surface of the seeds by the wet sand for 11cm, and taking the seeds out of the wet sand after 27% of the seeds start to sprout; the wet sand is held by hands to form a ball without water, and is preferably loosened;
(4) seedling culture: washing the seeds obtained in the step 3) with clear water for 2 times, soaking the seeds in warm water until the germination rate reaches more than 85%, growing seedlings by using pot plates, planting 2 seeds into each pot plate hole, covering the pot plate holes with nutrient soil, wherein the covering thickness is 0.6cm, keeping the ambient temperature at 19 ℃, and obtaining hybrid seedlings after seedling growing;
(5) selecting the rootstock: selecting nursery stocks obtained by hybridization of malus prunifolia and apples as stocks;
(6) grafting: grafting the hybrid seedling and the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, and smearing a healing agent on the grafted part;
(7) and (4) post management: watering the hybrid seedlings of the anthurium andraeanum within 1 month after grafting, watering once every day within 1-3 months, watering once every 5 days, and not watering after 3 months; and fertilizing once per mu according to 3kg in a seedling period, and fertilizing 1-2 times per mu according to 9kg in a bud period.
The nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 56% of field soil, 17% of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 4% of humic acid, 16% of quicklime and the balance of water.
30g of the healing agent naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA7g, 14g of astragalus extract and 27g of ethanol.
And (4) soaking the raw materials in water at the temperature of 35 ℃ for 14 h.
The fertilizer applied in the step (7) has the nitrogen content of 66%, the phosphorus pentoxide content of 19% and the potassium oxide content of 24%.
The fertilizer also comprises 170g of astragalus membranaceus, 110g of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 100g of erythrina bark, 190g of radix ophiopogonis, 30g of lotus leaves, 30g of peach leaves and 70g of cortex albiziae.
Claims (4)
1. A method for cross-breeding of maojiahong and Laohuahong is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting plants which are large in fruiting, bright in color, uniform in fruit size and free of diseases and insect pests for 1-3 years, wherein maojianhong is used as a male parent, and saffron is used as a female parent;
(2) artificial pollination: collecting fresh pollen of the male parent for artificial pollination after the female parent enters the full-bloom stage, and picking fruits after the fruits are mature;
(3) sand storage: taking seeds from the fruits in the step (2), taking out the seeds by adopting a disinfectant, putting the seeds into wet sand with the depth of 10-15 cm and the temperature of 3-5 ℃, covering the surface of the seeds with the wet sand for 8-13 cm, and taking the seeds out of the wet sand after 20-30% of the seeds start to sprout; the wet sand is held by hands to form a ball without water, and is preferably loosened;
(4) seedling culture: washing the seeds obtained in the step (3) with clear water for 2-3 times, soaking with warm water until the germination rate reaches more than 85%, growing seedlings by using pot plates, planting 1-3 seeds into each pot plate hole, covering the pot plate holes with nutrient soil, wherein the covering thickness is 0.4-0.7 cm, keeping the environmental temperature at 15-20 ℃, and obtaining hybrid seedlings after seedling growing is finished;
(5) selecting the rootstock: selecting nursery stocks obtained by hybridization of malus prunifolia and apples as stocks;
(6) grafting: grafting the hybrid seedling and the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, and smearing a healing agent on the grafted part;
(7) and (4) post management: watering the hybrid seedlings of the anthurium andraeanum within 1 month after grafting, watering once every day within 1-3 months, watering once every 5-7 days, and not watering after 3 months; fertilizing once per mu according to 3-4 kg in a seedling period, and fertilizing 1-2 times per mu according to 8-12 kg in a bud period;
the nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55-60% of field soil, 15-20% of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 3-7% of humic acid, 15-20% of quicklime and the balance of water;
28 parts of the healing agent naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA7 parts, 15 parts of astragalus extract and 28 parts of ethanol.
2. The method for cross-breeding maojiahong and maohuahong as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (4) is carried out by soaking in water with the temperature of 32-37 ℃ for 12-16 h.
3. The method for cross-breeding maojiahong and maohuahong as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen content in the fertilizer applied in step (7) is 60-70%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 15-20%, and the potassium oxide content is 15-25%.
4. The method for hybrid seedling culture of maojiaohua and rosa laevigata according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer further comprises 15-20 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 7-12 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 9-14 parts of erythrina bark, 15-20 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 2-5 parts of lotus leaves, 1-3 parts of peach leaves and 5-8 parts of cortex albiziae.
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| CN101061787A (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-10-31 | 孙丙法 | Method of breeding and cultivating minitype apple tree bonsai |
| CN102783413A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fast crossbreeding method of pear tree |
| CN103918464A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 淄博侨家农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Hybridization seedling culturing method for malus spectabilis and apples |
| CN104855148A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Grafting method for apple and crab apple |
| CN105325183A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-17 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Technology for grafting malus asiatica with Chinese flowering crabapple trees and apple branches as stocks |
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- 2017-06-20 CN CN201710471741.1A patent/CN107258274B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101061787A (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-10-31 | 孙丙法 | Method of breeding and cultivating minitype apple tree bonsai |
| CN102783413A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fast crossbreeding method of pear tree |
| CN103918464A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 淄博侨家农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Hybridization seedling culturing method for malus spectabilis and apples |
| CN104855148A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Grafting method for apple and crab apple |
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