CN104855148A - Grafting method for apple and crab apple - Google Patents
Grafting method for apple and crab apple Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104855148A CN104855148A CN201510282974.8A CN201510282974A CN104855148A CN 104855148 A CN104855148 A CN 104855148A CN 201510282974 A CN201510282974 A CN 201510282974A CN 104855148 A CN104855148 A CN 104855148A
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- Prior art keywords
- grafting
- apple
- premium
- scion
- stock
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting method for an apple and a crab apple, and belongs to the technical field of grafting. According to the method, first, land preparation is performed, then a crab apple seed is sowed, when a crab apple seedling grows to a certain height, the top shoot of the crab apple seedling is removed to cultivate branches, fertilization treatment is performed on a stock before grafting, a scion is soaked through naphthalene acetic acid before grafting, the attachment position of the scion and the cut of the stock is coated with cow dung after grafting and then fixedly bound through film strips so that bud points can be exposed, and after grafting, the grafted seedling is watered in due time at an appropriate amount after grafting. The success rate of grafting is high, the obtained grafted seedling has high cold resistance, drought resistance, saline-alkaline resistance and stress resistance, the survival rate of transplanting can be greatly increased, and the management cost at a later stage can be lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to graft technology field, specifically, relate to the grafting method of a kind of apple and premium.
Background technology
Apple taste is sweet or slightly sour, is Common Fruits, has abundant nutrition composition, have dietotherapy, supplemental treatment function, is one of large fruit in the world four.China is apple production state the biggest in the world, and northeastward, all there is cultivation on North China, East China, northwest and the ground such as Sichuan, Yunnan.Energy content 218kj, moisture 85.9g, protein 0.2g, fatty 0.2g, dietary fiber 1.2g, carbohydrate 12.3g, carotin 20 μ g, retinol equivalent 3 μ g, thiamine 0.06mg, vitamin b3 0.02mg, niacin 0.2mg, vitamin C 4mg, vitamin E 2.12mg, potassium 119mg, sodium 1.6mg, calcium 4mg, magnesium 4mg, iron 0.6mg, manganese 0.03mg, zinc 0.19mg, copper 0.06mg, phosphorus 12mg and selenium 0.12 μ g in every l00g apple, also containing pectin, quininic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid etc.
At present, the breeding method that apple seedling adopts usually is: after ripe apple of gathering, fruit is piled up to soften and gets kind, high temperature is produced and because of anoxic injury seed during for avoiding heap fermentation, ulking thickness is advisable with 25 ~ 35 centimetres, and seed wants rinsed clean after taking out, require under certain low epidemic disaster and aeration condition, just can germinate after certain hour completes After-ripening.So the stock seed of spring sowing must carry out Stratificated treatment (or claiming Sand culture).The specific practice of Stratificated treatment is: select in the shade, and dry, not easily the trench of dark 30 centimetres, wide 25 centimetres is dug in the plot of ponding.During lamination, first spread one deck at bottom of trench only husky, and then mix in 1 part of seed and 4 ~ 5 parts of river sand ratios and be laid on clean sand, the superiors again lid layer are wet husky.In lamination process, temperature is advisable with 2 ~ 7 DEG C, and husky humidity is agglomerating to hold, and one touches and namely falls apart for degree, sows after Stratificated treatment or Sand culture again.Owing to adopting the fruit quality of cultivating seeds apple tree knot out poor, colory apple tree therefore usually to be adopted to carry out grafting.Adopt Apple Seeds to cultivate apple seedling, not only the Stratificated treatment of Apple Seeds or Sand culture complicated and consuming time, and the germination rate of seed is after treatment still on the low side.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide the grafting method of a kind of apple and premium, to solve the Seeds preprocess complicated and time consumption that exists when prior art adopts Apple Seeds to cultivate apple seedling and the low and deficiency that exists of germination rate.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical programs:
A grafting method for apple and premium take Chinese pear-leaved crab apple as stock, with the branch of apple tree for grafting is carried out in scion.
The breeding method of described stock is: a. wholely: first by the weeds on soil, rubble and deadwood removing, the mixing then evenly applying ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea on soil is fertile, and the fertile consumption of mixing is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process; B. seed treatment: premium seed clear water is soaked 6 ~ 8h, then dresses seed with new high fat film; C. plant and plant: 1 annual ~ April, seed after process is sowed by the soil after arrangement, carry out weeding and management of watering afterwards, high when being 15 ~ 20cm until premium seedling, by not having the top of paniculate premium seedling slightly to extract, after branch grows, retain 2 ~ 4 branches, when branch bottom diameter is 1.5 ~ 2cm, can by scion grafting on branch.
The mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea is (10 ~ 20): (50 ~ 80): (15 ~ 30).
Described scion is the branch cut from the excellent and apple tree of robust growth of kind, and the length of scion is 15 ~ 20cm, and the diameter of scion bottom is 1 ~ 1.5cm.
Before described grafting 15 ~ 20 days, carry out fertilizer treatment to premium seedling, what every strain premium executed ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer mixes fertilizer 0.1 ~ 0.2kg.
The mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer is 10:(20 ~ 30).
Before grafting, the scion methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 200 ~ 300PPM is soaked 2 ~ 4h, then be 1 ~ 1.5cm place otch at diameter of stock, and scion is inserted in otch, the formation layer of scion and stock is fitted tightly, after scion and stock otch joint place are coated with cow dung, more fixedly make bud point expose with film tape binding, after grafting, timely and appropriate discovery waters to grafting.
The present inventor finds through long-term observational study, Chinese pear-leaved crab apple and apple tree have higher affinity, and the seedling culture of Chinese pear-leaved crab apple is simple compared with the cultivation of apple seedling, because Chinese pear-leaved crab apple and seed thereof have stronger resisting cold, drought-enduring, Salt And Alkali Tolerance and resistance, by apple grafting on Chinese pear-leaved crab apple, higher survival rate can not only be ensured, and the apple tree after grafting can also be made to have the good characteristic of stock premium, after grafting is transplanted, in final-period management process, relative to the seedling adopting Apple Seeds to cultivate, fertilising can be reduced, water and the cost of weeding.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention, by whole ground and the process of premium seed, greatly can improve the germination rate of premium seed, make the germination rate of premium seed reach more than 98%.By between the Seedling Stage of premium, seedling is pushed up the tip to extract to cultivate branch, in grafting procedures, can on branch the apple of grafting different cultivars, thus obtain the apple seedling of individual plant multi items, the survival rate of individual plant sapling grafting can be guaranteed, survival rate more than 99% simultaneously, also again will carry out grafting after avoiding grafting failure and the duplication of labour that brings.To sum up, the present invention's not only grafting success rate is high, and the grafting obtained has stronger cold-resistant, drought-enduring, Salt And Alkali Tolerance and resistance, greatly can improve the survival rate of transplanting, but also can reduce the management cost in later stage.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
The grafting method of a kind of apple and premium, first by the weeds on soil, rubble and deadwood removing, then the mixing evenly applying ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea on soil is fertile, the consumption of mixing fertilizer is 600kg/ mu, the mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea is 10:50:15, then carries out rotary tillage process, premium seed clear water is soaked 6h, then dresses seed with new high fat film, annual January, seed after process is sowed by the soil after arrangement, carry out weeding and management of watering afterwards, when premium seedling height is 15cm, slightly extract not having the top of paniculate premium seedling, after branch grows, retain 2 branches, when branch bottom diameter is 1.5cm, fertilizer treatment is carried out to premium seedling, what every strain premium executed ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer mixes fertile 0.1kg, the mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer is 10:20, after 15 days, the branch cut from the excellent and apple tree of robust growth of kind is as scion, the length of scion is 15cm, the diameter of scion bottom is 1cm, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of scion 200PPM is soaked 2h, then with cultivate premium seedling for stock, be 1cm place otch at diameter of stock, and scion is inserted in otch, the formation layer of scion and stock is fitted tightly, after scion and stock otch joint place are coated with cow dung, bud point is fixedly made to expose with film tape binding again, after grafting, timely and appropriate discovery waters to grafting.
Adopt the method to carry out grafting, the survival rate of scion is 95%, and the grafting success rate of stock is 99%.
Embodiment two
The grafting method of a kind of apple and premium, first by the weeds on soil, rubble and deadwood removing, then the mixing evenly applying ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea on soil is fertile, the consumption of mixing fertilizer is 1000kg/ mu, the mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea is 20:80:30, then carries out rotary tillage process, premium seed clear water is soaked 8h, then dresses seed with new high fat film, annual April, seed after process is sowed by the soil after arrangement, carry out weeding and management of watering afterwards, when premium seedling height is 20cm, slightly extract not having the top of paniculate premium seedling, after branch grows, retain 4 branches, when branch bottom diameter is 2cm, fertilizer treatment is carried out to premium seedling, what every strain premium executed ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer mixes fertile 0.2kg, the mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer is 10:30, after 20 days, the branch cut from the excellent and apple tree of robust growth of kind is as scion, the length of scion is 20cm, the diameter of scion bottom is 1.5cm, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of scion 300PPM is soaked 4h, then with cultivate premium seedling for stock, be 1.5cm place otch at diameter of stock, and scion is inserted in otch, the formation layer of scion and stock is fitted tightly, after scion and stock otch joint place are coated with cow dung, bud point is fixedly made to expose with film tape binding again, after grafting, timely and appropriate discovery waters to grafting.
Adopt the method to carry out grafting, the survival rate of scion is 98%, and the grafting success rate of stock is 100%.
Embodiment three
The grafting method of a kind of apple and premium, first by the weeds on soil, rubble and deadwood removing, then the mixing evenly applying ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea on soil is fertile, the consumption of mixing fertilizer is 800kg/ mu, the mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea is 15:60:18, then carries out rotary tillage process, premium seed clear water is soaked 7h, then dresses seed with new high fat film, annual February, seed after process is sowed by the soil after arrangement, carry out weeding and management of watering afterwards, when premium seedling height is 18cm, slightly extract not having the top of paniculate premium seedling, after branch grows, retain 3 branches, when branch bottom diameter is 1.8cm, fertilizer treatment is carried out to premium seedling, what every strain premium executed ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer mixes fertile 0.15kg, the mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer is 10:25, after 18 days, the branch cut from the excellent and apple tree of robust growth of kind is as scion, the length of scion is 17cm, the diameter of scion bottom is 1.2cm, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of scion 250PPM is soaked 3h, then with cultivate premium seedling for stock, be 1.2cm place otch at diameter of stock, and scion is inserted in otch, the formation layer of scion and stock is fitted tightly, after scion and stock otch joint place are coated with cow dung, bud point is fixedly made to expose with film tape binding again, after grafting, timely and appropriate discovery waters to grafting.
Adopt the method to carry out grafting, the survival rate of scion is 97%, and the grafting success rate of stock is 100%.
The above, it is only better example of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, anyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, the any simple modification done above example according to technical spirit of the present invention, coversion material equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a grafting method for apple and premium, is characterized in that: take Chinese pear-leaved crab apple as stock, with the branch of apple tree for grafting is carried out in scion.
2. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1 and premium, it is characterized in that: the breeding method of described stock is: a. wholely: first by the weeds on soil, rubble and deadwood removing, then the mixing evenly applying ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea on soil is fertile, the consumption of mixing fertilizer is 600 ~ 1000kg/ mu, then carries out rotary tillage process; B. seed treatment: premium seed clear water is soaked 6 ~ 8h, then dresses seed with new high fat film; C. plant and plant: 1 annual ~ April, seed after process is sowed by the soil after arrangement, carry out weeding and management of watering afterwards, high when being 15 ~ 20cm until premium seedling, by not having the top of paniculate premium seedling slightly to extract, after branch grows, retain 2 ~ 4 branches, when branch bottom diameter is 1.5 ~ 2cm, can by scion grafting on branch.
3. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 2 and premium, is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde, farmyard manure and urea is (10 ~ 20): (50 ~ 80): (15 ~ 30).
4. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and premium, is characterized in that: described scion is the branch cut from the excellent and apple tree of robust growth of kind, and the length of scion is 15 ~ 20cm, and the diameter of scion bottom is 1 ~ 1.5cm.
5. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and premium, is characterized in that: before described grafting 15 ~ 20 days, carries out fertilizer treatment to premium seedling, and what every strain premium executed ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer mixes fertilizer 0.1 ~ 0.2kg.
6. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 5 and premium, is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described ureaformaldehyde and instant nitrogenousfertilizer is 10:(20 ~ 30).
7. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and premium, it is characterized in that: before grafting, the scion methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 200 ~ 300PPM is soaked 2 ~ 4h, then be 1 ~ 1.5cm place otch at diameter of stock, and scion is inserted in otch, the formation layer of scion and stock is fitted tightly, after scion and stock otch joint place are coated with cow dung, fixedly make bud point expose with film tape binding again, after grafting, timely and appropriate discovery waters to grafting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510282974.8A CN104855148A (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2015-05-28 | Grafting method for apple and crab apple |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510282974.8A CN104855148A (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2015-05-28 | Grafting method for apple and crab apple |
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| CN104855148A true CN104855148A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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| CN201510282974.8A Pending CN104855148A (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2015-05-28 | Grafting method for apple and crab apple |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105075628A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating apples in saline and alkali land |
| CN107182670A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-09-22 | 谢文质 | A kind of anti-bleeding disease olecranon honey peach implantation methods |
| CN107258337A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of apple tree |
| CN107258274A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-20 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of sharp premium of thatch and the method to pacify premium hybrid breeding |
| CN107318474A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-11-07 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of premium |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105075628A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating apples in saline and alkali land |
| CN107182670A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-09-22 | 谢文质 | A kind of anti-bleeding disease olecranon honey peach implantation methods |
| CN107182670B (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2020-08-04 | 谢文质 | Planting method of chickpea honey peaches capable of resisting gummosis |
| CN107258274A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-10-20 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of sharp premium of thatch and the method to pacify premium hybrid breeding |
| CN107318474A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-11-07 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of premium |
| CN107318474B (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2020-06-30 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Method for grafting malus asiatica |
| CN107258274B (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2020-06-30 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Method for cross-breeding of maojiaohua and Laohuahong |
| CN107258337A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of apple tree |
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Application publication date: 20150826 |