CN107318474B - Method for grafting malus asiatica - Google Patents
Method for grafting malus asiatica Download PDFInfo
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- CN107318474B CN107318474B CN201710477876.9A CN201710477876A CN107318474B CN 107318474 B CN107318474 B CN 107318474B CN 201710477876 A CN201710477876 A CN 201710477876A CN 107318474 B CN107318474 B CN 107318474B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Abstract
The invention provides a method for grafting malus asiatica, which adopts malus asiatica as a stock, adopts indolebutyric acid solution to soak scions before grafting, sprays indoleacetic acid solution after grafting, applies special fertilizer to both malus asiatica and malus asiatica, and the special fertilizer is prepared by mixing fermented plant fertilizer prepared by fermenting lotus stems and leaves, compound fertilizer containing monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, urea and zinc sulfate, and organic fertilizer containing bean curd residue and vinasse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for grafting malus asiatica.
Technical Field
The Malus pumila is Rosaceae, Malus, and also called small apple, commonly called Malus spectabilis, Malus pumila or Malus pumila; reddish leaves are oval or elliptical, pollen red; the fruit is spherical, small like apple, yellowish green with reddish color, and is a common fruit; the crab apple can be processed into dried fruit, sweetend roll or wine besides fresh food.
The seed propagation variation of the malus asiatica is large, the quality of the malus asiatica is poor, and the flowering and fruiting period is long, so that the malus asiatica is subjected to multi-purpose grafting propagation, and therefore, the method is particularly important for finding the rootstock suitable for grafting the malus asiatica, improving the survival rate, disease resistance and yield of grafting of the malus asiatica and reducing the planting cost of the malus asiatica by adopting a suitable grafting method and a suitable fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for grafting the malus asiatica adopts small boulders in the west China as stocks, adopts an indolebutyric acid solution to soak scions before grafting, sprays an indoleacetic acid solution after grafting, adopts special fertilizer to fertilize both the small boulders in the west China and the malus asiatica, greatly improves the survival rate of grafting the malus asiatica, improves the disease resistance of the malus asiatica, greatly reduces the cultivation cost of the malus asiatica, and produces the malus asiatica with high fruit quality, rich nutrient content and high yield.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for grafting malus asiatica specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) soaking seeds of small rocky province in warm water at 30-40 ℃ for 30-50min before beginning spring, sowing, wherein the plant spacing is 60-70cm, applying 500-600g of special fertilizer to each hole, and carrying out conventional field management such as intertillage weeding, topdressing and the like;
(2) the upper stem of the place where the small stone is removed in the west of China is taken as a stock before the spring of the next year, and the high-quality red branches are taken and soaked in an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 350-;
(3) the method comprises the following steps that a rootstock is vertically downwards cut for 1.0-1.2cm in the middle of two cotyledons, a base stem of a scion is cut into a wedge shape, the scion is lightly inserted aiming at a rootstock interface, two incisions are tightly attached, a grafting clamp is fixed, then, an indoleacetic acid solution with the concentration of 50-100 ppm is sprayed, a plastic bag is used for sealing, and 200-300 g of special fertilizer is applied;
(4) and (4) removing the plastic bag after 10-14 days, taking out the grafting clip, and finishing grafting.
Preferably, the grafting method of the malus asiatica comprises the following specific steps:
(1) soaking seeds of small rocky province in warm water at 35 ℃ for 40min before beginning spring, sowing, wherein the plant spacing is 60-70cm, applying 550g of special fertilizer to each hole, and carrying out conventional field management such as intertillage weeding, topdressing and the like;
(2) removing upper stems of small stones in western China before the spring of the next year, taking the upper stems as stocks, taking high-quality boughs of the flowers and the flowers, and soaking the high-quality boughs of the flowers and the flowers in an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 400ppm for 2.5 hours to serve as scions;
(3) the rootstock is vertically downwards cut for 1.1cm in the middle of two cotyledons, the base stem of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, the scion is lightly inserted aiming at the rootstock interface, so that two incisions are tightly attached, a grafting clamp is fixed, then indoleacetic acid solution with the concentration of 75ppm is sprayed, a plastic bag is used for sealing, and 250g of special fertilizer is applied;
(4) and (5) after 12 days, removing the plastic bag, taking out the grafting clip, and finishing grafting.
Further, the special fertilizer is prepared by mixing 300-400 parts by weight of fermented plant fertilizer, 20-40 parts by weight of compound fertilizer and 500-600 parts by weight of organic fertilizer.
Further, the special fertilizer is prepared by mixing 350 parts by weight of fermented plant fertilizer, 30 parts by weight of compound fertilizer and 550 parts by weight of organic fertilizer.
Further, the preparation method of the fermented plant fertilizer comprises the following steps: putting 400 plus materials and 500 parts by weight of lotus stems and leaves into a fermentation tank, putting impregnation liquid inoculated with cellulose decomposition enzyme into the tank for composting, immersing the impregnation liquid, stirring once every 4 days, clearing the lotus stems and leaves after 30-40 days, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain the fermented plant fertilizer.
Further, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20-30 parts by weight of monoammonium phosphate, 10-17 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 50-60 parts by weight of urea and 5-12 parts by weight of zinc sulfate.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing 100-135 parts by weight of bean curd residues and 80-105 parts by weight of vinasse.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method adopts small stones in western China as the stocks, adopts the indolebutyric acid solution to soak the scions before grafting, sprays the indoleacetic acid solution after grafting, adopts special fertilizer to fertilize both small stones in western China and flower red, and has the following characteristics:
(1) the small boulder in Huaxi is a plant of the genus of small boulder in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae, fallen leaves or semievergreen shrubs, has strong rooting capability and strong vitality, and is relatively close to the plant of the genus Malus in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae in relative source, so that the small boulder in Huaxi is very suitable for being used as a stock for grafting the malus asiatica, the survival rate of grafting the malus asiatica is remarkably improved and the quality of the fruit of the malus asiatica is improved by using the small boulder in Huaxi as the stock for grafting the malus asiatica and using a high-quality branch of the malus asiatica as a scion, in addition, a special fertilizer for the small boulder in Huaxi and the malus asiatica is prepared by mixing a fermented plant fertilizer prepared from lotus stems and leaves, a compound fertilizer containing monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, urea and zinc sulfate, and an organic fertilizer containing bean curd residue and a vinasse, the special fertilizer can ensure the nutrition for the, the yield of the flower red is improved, the cost for planting the flower red is reduced, and the income is improved.
(2) The applicant also unexpectedly finds that the indole butyric acid solution is adopted to soak the scion, and the indole acetic acid solution is sprayed after grafting, so that the death rate of the flower red is greatly reduced, and the growth of the flower red is promoted.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for investigating the survival rate, growth and fruit yield of the flower red by different stocks and grafting methods selects 6 mu of land with similar soil and same environment, and grafts the flower red according to the following method:
test group 1: the flower red is grafted according to the method of the invention and planted.
Test group 2: except that apple trees are adopted as stocks to graft the rose flowers, the other steps are the same as those of the test group 1.
Test group 3: except that the malus spectabilis is used as the stock for grafting the malus asiatica, other steps are the same as those of the test group 1.
Test group 4: the procedure was the same as in test group 1 except that the scions were not soaked with indolebutyric acid solution.
Test group 5: the procedure was the same as in test group 1 except that no indoleacetic acid solution was sprayed after grafting.
Test group 6: the procedure was the same as in test group 1 except that the special fertilizer was a mixture of a compound fertilizer containing monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, urea, zinc sulfate and an organic fertilizer containing soybean curd refuse and distillers' grains. (fermentation reducing plant fertilizer)
And observing the survival rate, the growth condition and the fruit yield condition of the grafted malus asiatica during the test period.
Testing results;
TABLE 1 survival rate of flower red
| Survival rate (%) | Mortality (%) | |
| Test group 1 | 95.47 | 4.53 |
| Test group 2 | 90.58 | 9.42 |
| Test group 3 | 88.19 | 11.81 |
| Test group 4 | 91.23 | 8.77 |
| Test group 5 | 89.74 | 10.26 |
| Test group 6 | 93.36 | 6.64 |
TABLE 2 growth of saffron
TABLE 3 fruit yield of Malus asiatica
| Mass per gram of single fruit | Yield per kg per mu | |
| Test group 1 | 48.34±2.48 | 1728 |
| Test group 2 | 40.20±2.80 | 1543 |
| Test group 3 | 42.79±2.21 | 1503 |
| Test group 4 | 45.94±2.67 | 1599 |
| Test group 5 | 44.89±2.07 | 1608 |
| Test group 6 | 43.47±2.39 | 1578 |
As can be seen from the table above, the method for grafting the malus asiatica by the grafting method can obviously improve the survival rate of the malus asiatica, and ensure that the malus asiatica grows better and the yield of malus asiatica fruits is higher.
Detailed Description
Preparation of the special fertilizer:
(1) fermenting the plant fertilizer: putting 450kg of lotus stems and leaves into a fermentation tank, putting impregnation liquid inoculated with cellulose decomposition enzyme into the tank, composting, immersing the impregnation liquid, stirring once every 4 days, cleaning the lotus stems and leaves after 30-40 days, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain the fermented plant fertilizer.
(2) Compound fertilizer: 25kg of monoammonium phosphate, 14kg of potassium chloride, 55kg of urea and 9kg of zinc sulfate are mixed to obtain the compound fertilizer.
(3) Organic fertilizer: 480kg of bean curd residue and 360kg of wine tank are mixed to obtain the organic fertilizer.
And mixing the 350kg of fermented plant fertilizer, 30kg of compound fertilizer and 550kg of organic fertilizer to obtain the special fertilizer.
EXAMPLE 1 grafting of safflower
(1) Soaking seeds of small rocky province in warm water at 30 ℃ for 30min before beginning spring, sowing, wherein the plant spacing is 60-70cm, applying 500g of special fertilizer to each hole, and carrying out conventional field management such as intertillage weeding, topdressing and the like;
(2) removing upper stems of small stones in western China before the spring of the next year, taking the upper stems as stocks, taking high-quality boughs, soaking the boughs in indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 350ppm for 2 hours, and taking the boughs as scions;
(3) the rootstock is vertically downwards cut for 1.0cm in the middle of two cotyledons, the base stem of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, the scion is lightly inserted aiming at the rootstock interface, so that two incisions are tightly attached, a grafting clamp is fixed, then indoleacetic acid solution with the concentration of 50ppm is sprayed, a plastic bag is used for sealing, and 200g of special fertilizer is applied;
(4) and (5) after 10 days, removing the plastic bag, taking out the grafting clip, and finishing grafting.
EXAMPLE 2 grafting of safflower
(1) Soaking seeds of small rocky province in warm water at 35 ℃ for 40min before beginning spring, sowing, wherein the plant spacing is 60-70cm, applying 550g of special fertilizer to each hole, and carrying out conventional field management such as intertillage weeding, topdressing and the like;
(2) removing upper stems of small stones in western China before the spring of the next year, taking the upper stems as stocks, taking high-quality boughs of the flowers and the flowers, and soaking the high-quality boughs of the flowers and the flowers in an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 400ppm for 2.5 hours to serve as scions;
(3) the rootstock is vertically downwards cut for 1.1cm in the middle of two cotyledons, the base stem of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, the scion is lightly inserted aiming at the rootstock interface, so that two incisions are tightly attached, a grafting clamp is fixed, then indoleacetic acid solution with the concentration of 75ppm is sprayed, a plastic bag is used for sealing, and 250g of special fertilizer is applied;
(4) and (5) after 12 days, removing the plastic bag, taking out the grafting clip, and finishing grafting.
EXAMPLE 3 grafting of safflower
(1) Soaking seeds of small rocky province in warm water at 40 ℃ for 50min before beginning spring, sowing, wherein the plant spacing is 60-70cm, applying 600g of special fertilizer to each hole, and carrying out conventional field management such as intertillage weeding, topdressing and the like;
(2) removing upper stems of small stones in western China before the spring of the next year, taking the upper stems as stocks, taking high-quality boughs, soaking the boughs in an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 450ppm for 3 hours, and taking the boughs as scions;
(3) the rootstock is vertically downwards cut for 1.2cm in the middle of two cotyledons, the base stem of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, the scion is lightly inserted aiming at the rootstock interface, so that two incisions are tightly attached, a grafting clamp is fixed, then indoleacetic acid solution with the concentration of 100ppm is sprayed, a plastic bag is used for sealing, and 300g of special fertilizer is applied;
(4) and (4) after 14 days, removing the plastic bag, taking out the grafting clip, and completing grafting.
Claims (3)
1. A method for grafting malus asiatica is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) soaking seeds of small rocky province in warm water at 30-40 ℃ for 30-50min before beginning spring, sowing, wherein the distance between plants is 60-70cm, and applying 500-600g of special fertilizer to each hole for intertillage weeding and topdressing;
(2) the upper stem of the place where the small stone is removed in the west of China is taken as a stock before the spring of the next year, and the high-quality red branches are taken and soaked in an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 350-;
(3) the method comprises the following steps that a rootstock is vertically downwards cut for 1.0-1.2cm in the middle of two cotyledons, a base stem of a scion is cut into a wedge shape, the scion is lightly inserted aiming at a rootstock interface, two incisions are tightly attached, a grafting clamp is fixed, then, an indoleacetic acid solution with the concentration of 50-100 ppm is sprayed, a plastic bag is used for sealing, and 200-300 g of special fertilizer is applied;
(4) after 10-14 days, the plastic bag is detached, the grafting clip is taken out, and the grafting is finished;
the special fertilizer is prepared by mixing 300-400 parts by weight of fermented plant fertilizer, 20-40 parts by weight of compound fertilizer and 500-600 parts by weight of organic fertilizer;
the preparation method of the fermented plant fertilizer comprises the following steps: putting 400 plus materials and 500 parts by weight of lotus stems and leaves into a fermentation tank, putting impregnation liquid inoculated with cellulose decomposition enzyme into the tank for composting, immersing the impregnation liquid, stirring once every 4 days, clearing the lotus stems and leaves after 30-40 days, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain the fermented plant fertilizer;
the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 20-30 parts by weight of monoammonium phosphate, 10-17 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 50-60 parts by weight of urea and 5-12 parts by weight of zinc sulfate;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing 100-135 parts by weight of bean curd residues and 80-105 parts by weight of vinasse.
2. The method for grafting malus asiatica according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
(1) soaking seeds of small stony rockwork in Huaxi in warm water at 35 ℃ for 40min before spring, sowing, wherein the plant spacing is 60-70cm, applying 550g of special fertilizer to each hole, and performing intertillage weeding and topdressing;
(2) removing upper stems of small stones in western China before the spring of the next year, taking the upper stems as stocks, taking high-quality boughs of the flowers and the flowers, and soaking the high-quality boughs of the flowers and the flowers in an indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 400ppm for 2.5 hours to serve as scions;
(3) the rootstock is vertically downwards cut for 1.1cm in the middle of two cotyledons, the base stem of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, the scion is lightly inserted aiming at the rootstock interface, so that two incisions are tightly attached, a grafting clamp is fixed, then indoleacetic acid solution with the concentration of 75ppm is sprayed, a plastic bag is used for sealing, and 250g of special fertilizer is applied;
(4) and (5) after 12 days, removing the plastic bag, taking out the grafting clip, and finishing grafting.
3. The method for grafting malus asiatica according to claim 1, wherein the special fertilizer is prepared by mixing 350 parts by weight of fermented plant fertilizer, 30 parts by weight of compound fertilizer and 550 parts by weight of organic fertilizer.
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| CN107739243A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-27 | 贵州省五谷惠生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base bioorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109168696B (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-12-01 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Method for grafting malus asiatica |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104365382A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2015-02-25 | 天津国亮苗木种植专业合作社 | Malus micromalus grafting method |
| CN104855148A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Grafting method for apple and crab apple |
| CN105009875A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 绥阳县幸福种养殖专业合作社 | Cultivation method of row intercropping of Chinese herbal honeysuckle flower with rose flower |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101911900A (en) * | 2010-07-17 | 2010-12-15 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Grafting survival method of walnut test tube seedlings outside test tube |
| CN105325183A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-17 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Technology for grafting malus asiatica with Chinese flowering crabapple trees and apple branches as stocks |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104365382A (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2015-02-25 | 天津国亮苗木种植专业合作社 | Malus micromalus grafting method |
| CN104855148A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Grafting method for apple and crab apple |
| CN105009875A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 绥阳县幸福种养殖专业合作社 | Cultivation method of row intercropping of Chinese herbal honeysuckle flower with rose flower |
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