LU503347B1 - Method for controlling flourishing growth of new peach shoots - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling the flourishing growth of new shoots of peach trees, belonging to the technical field of peach tree cultivation and peach tree body management. The method for controlling the flourishing growth of new shoots of peach trees comprises the following steps: spraying any of the following on peach trees: (1) spraying valine solution on the leaves; (2) spraying potassium phosphite solution on the leaves; (3) spraying valine solution and potassium phosphite solution on leaves; (4) spraying the mixed solution of valine and potassium phosphite on the leaves. By spraying valine and/or potassium phosphite with a certain concentration at the early growth stage of peach shoots, the invention can effectively control the flourishing phenomenon of peach shoots, stabilize the tree potential, reduce pruning labor and realize light and simplified cultivation; At the same time, improve fruit quality. Therefore, this method has good practical application value.

Description

DESCRIPTION LU503347

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING FLOURISHING GROWTH OF NEW PEACH

SHOOTS

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the technical field of peach tree cultivation and peach tree body management, in particular to a method for controlling the flourishing growth of new shoots of peach trees.

BACKGROUND

Peach trees grow fast, and their new shoots grow greatly. The vigorous growth of peach trees will affect the ventilation and light transmission conditions of peach trees and the yield and quality of fruits. Taking measures to control the growth of new shoots is very important for stabilizing the tree potential, improving the tree structure and improving the fruit quality.

The traditional methods of controlling peach shoots are pruning in summer and pruning in winter, spraying chemicals to control the prosperity. For example, spraying mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, PBO, etc, controlling fertilizer to inhibit flourishing growth, and controlling flourishing by pressing trees with fruit, etc. These methods are inconvenient to operate, the effect is not ideal, and it is difficult to popularize and apply in production. Moreover, the use of paclobutrazol and other chemicals to control the prosperity is unfavorable to the growth and development of peach and the formation of fruit quality. In production, it was found that after spraying chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol, the tree vigor weakened seriously and the fruit quality was poor. Pruning in summer for many times in the growing season not only increases the production labor, but also increases the production cost, which is not conducive to the future large-scale production of Taoyuan. Therefore, a green and safe new method for controlling peach shoots is urgently needed.

SUMMARY LU503347

Aiming at the above shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for controlling the flourishing growth of peach trees. By spraying valine and/or potassium phosphite with a certain concentration, the method of the present invention can effectively control the flourishing growth of peach trees, enhance the tree vigor, and improve the fruit quality to a certain extent.

At first, the invention provides the application of valine and/or potassium phosphite in controlling the new shoot growth and/or improving the fruit quality of peach trees.

In the above application, any of the following chemicals are sprayed to control the flourishing growth of peach trees: (1) spraying valine solution on leaf surface; (2) spraying potassium phosphite solution on the leaves; (3) spraying valine solution and potassium phosphite solution on leaves; (4) Spraying the mixed solution of valine and potassium phosphite on the leaves.

In the above application, the concentration of the valine solution is 10-20g/L;

The concentration of the potassium phosphite solution is 3-5g/L, particularly 3.3g/I;

In the mixed solution of valine and potassium phosphite, the concentration of valine is 10-20g/L; The concentration of potassium phosphite is 3-5 g/L, particularly 3.3 g/L.

The invention also provides a method for controlling the flourishing growth of new shoots of peach trees, which comprises the following steps: spraying any one of the following on the peach trees: (1) spraying valine solution on leaf surface; (2) spraying potassium phosphite solution on the leaves; (3) spraying valine solution and potassium phosphite solution on leaves; (4) spraying the mixed solution of valine and potassium phosphite on the leaves.

In the above method, the concentration of the valine solution is 10-20g/L;

The concentration of the potassium phosphite solution is 3-5g/L, particularly 3.3g/I;

In the mixed solution of valine and potassium phosphite, the concentration of valine is 10-20g/L; the concentration of potassium phosphite is 3-5 g/L, particularly 3.3 g/L.

In the above-mentioned method, when the length of new peach shoots grows tdJ503347 4-12 cm, foliar spraying is carried out.

In the above method, after spraying for the first time, spraying for 1-2 times every 3 days; specifically, the total number of sprayings is 2 times.

In the above-mentioned method, it is advisable that the front and back sides of the leaves are covered with water drops and do not drip.

In the above method, the whole plant is sprayed in the morning or evening when the weather is sunny and windy.

The peach varieties are Ruiguang 39, Luhong 618, Ruiguang 39/Maotao or Luhong 618/ Maotao.

The method of the invention can improve the fruit quality while controlling the vigorous growth of peach shoots.

By spraying valine and/or potassium phosphite with a certain concentration at the early growth stage of peach shoots, the invention can effectively control the flourishing phenomenon of peach shoots, stabilize the tree potential, reduce pruning labor and realize light and simplified cultivation. Therefore, this method has good practical application value.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1 shows the effect of different amino acids on the growth of main branches of

Prunus persica seedlings; among them, A in Figure 1 is the growth of seedlings; B is the growth amount; C is the diameter; D is the internode length; E is the puncture strength.

Fig. 2 shows the effect of valine on the growth of peach shoots; wherein, A in Figure 2 is the growth amount of new shoots; B is the internode length of new shoots; C is the thickness of new shoots.

Fig. 3 shows the effect of valine on the growth of peach leaves.

Fig. 4 shows the effect of different concentrations of potassium phosphite on the length of new shoots.

Fig. 5 shows the effect of different concentrations of potassium phosphite on photosynthetic products.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION LU503347

The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments. The examples given are only to illustrate the invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention.

The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.

Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

Traditional methods of controlling peach shoots are pruning in summer and winter, spraying chemicals to control the prosperity, such as spraying mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, PBO, etc., controlling fertilizer to inhibit the flourishing growth, and controlling the flourishing by pressing the fruit on the tree. These methods are inconvenient to operate, the effect is not ideal, and it is difficult to popularize and apply in production. Using paclobutrazol and other chemicals to control flowering is unfavorable to peach growth and development and fruit quality formation. In production, it was found that after spraying chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol, the tree vigor weakened seriously and the fruit quality was poor.

In view of this, in a typical embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling the flourishing growth of new shoots of peach trees is provided, which comprises the following steps: spraying one or a combination of 10-20g/L valine and 3-5g/L potassium phosphite on the leaves of peach trees when the new shoot length is 4-12cm; after the first spraying, spraying once or twice every three days can effectively control the new shoots of peach trees, stabilize the tree potential, improve the fruit quality, reduce the pruning labor and reduce the production cost.

Example 1 1. Firstly, the effects of different amino acids on seedling growth of Prunus persica were studied, and amino acids suitable for controlling the growth of new shoots of

Prunus persica were screened out. The experiment was conducted in the Fruit Tree

Experimental Base of Shandong Agricultural University in 2019. The seeds of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) with full seeds and uniform size were selected and sprouted by gibberellin (GA) and planted in the seedling cavity. When the peach seedlings grew td/503347 about 5 cm high, the seedlings with consistent growth and no pest were selected and planted in pots, one for each pot. The pots were cylindrical in shape and 15 cm in diameter. The height was 20 cm, and the cultivation medium in the basin was mixed according to the ratio of garden soil: peat: vermiculite = 2: 1: 1 (v/v/v), and the weight of the cultivation medium in each basin was 1.5 kg (the organic content in the cultivation medium was 12.11 g/kg, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content was 44.53 mg/kg, the available phosphorus content was 52.36 mg/kg, the available potassium content was 76.74 mg/kg, and the soil pH was 6.76). Routine management, only watering during the period to ensure that there is no water shortage, and spraying chemicals after the seedlings are delayed. There were 9 treatments including different amino acids, paclobutrazol and clear water, and the clear water was used as the control (see Table 1).

All the amino acids were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the paclobutrazol was 15wt% wettable powder, which was purchased from Sichuan

Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd. The treatment is repeated every 3 times. Spray once every 3 days, twice in total, and it is advisable to wet the leaves and cover them with water drops. According to the comprehensive indexes such as the growth height and leaves of peach seedlings, the best amino acid to inhibit the growth of peach seedlings was determined.

Table 1 processing settings —_— 0

Treatments Reagents used for concentration treatments (g - L”)

Phe phenylalanine 10

Val valine 10

Leu aminocaproic acid 10 lle isoleucine 10

Ser serine 10

D-Ala D- alanine 10

Pro proline 10

Pcba paclobutrazol 5

Control tap water -

Photographs and tests were taken on the 30th day after the second spraying, and the results are shown in Figure 1. As can be seen from Figure 1, the order of height increment of peach seedlings under different treatments from small to large is: Pcba<<

Val < Phe < Pro < D-Ala < Control < Ser < lle < Leu. Phe, Val, Pro and Pcba all significantly inhibited the growth of peach seedlings, and their growth decreased by 18.5%, 25.1%, 13.0% and 85.9% respectively. Except Pcba, Val had the best inhibition effect. Leu and lle have significant promoting effects, and their growth increased by 38.4% and 23.0% respectively. And Ser D-Ala have inhibitory or promotive effects, but there is no significant difference between them and Control. To sum up, Val is the best amino acid in terms of growth inhibition effect.

Before spraying, the leaves of the middle part of peach seedlings were selected, and the shapes and sizes were consistent, and marked. The test was carried out on the 30th day after the second spraying. It was found that Phe, Val and D-Ala treatments had no significant effect on leaf length, but the leaf length of Leu, lle, Ser and Pro groups increased significantly by 30.3%, 24.3%, 15.4% and 16.5% respectively, while that bE503347

Pcba group decreased significantly. Seven amino acids had no significant effect on leaf width, but Pcba group decreased significantly. Phe, Val, Ser and D-Ala had no significant effect on leaf area, but Leu, lle and Pro groups increased significantly, while Pcba group decreased significantly. The aspect ratio of leaves in Leu group increased significantly, but the rest did not change significantly (as shown in Table 2 below).

Table 2 Effects of different amino acids and paclobutrazol treatments on leaves of peach seedlings “Treatments Length = Width Area (mm?) Length-Width (mm) (mm) Ratio © 5668+127 1839+024 73400+1.77b 3.08#007a

Phe 5 be 58.36+2.14 18.52+0.16 738.32+6.64b 3.15+0.11 a

Val 5 be 76.21+3.37 18.91x0.56 1030.54+96.02 4.03+0.23 b ou e bc d 72.69+1.05 19.29+0.72 1058.37+51.86 3.77+0.10 ab le de C d 67.49+5.53 17.95+0.72 747.67+6186 3.75+0.16 ab

Ser cd b b

D-Ala 59.80+0.94 19.07+0.43 796.39+3088 3.14+0.02 a bc C b 68.11+1.20 19.16+0.32 918.98+13.47 3.56+0.01 ab

Pro cde C Cc

Pcba 33.7418.71 965042 222.34+54.42 _3.51+0.94 ab a a a

Control a 42 ores 727.86x8.19b 3.12+0.09 a

Cc

During the experiment, we observed the effects of different treatments on tH&J503347 phenotypic characteristics of peach seedlings, and found that most of the leaves of peach seedlings treated with Pcba were curled and dull, while other treatments had no adverse effects.

To sum up, combined with the effects of different treatments on seedling height, internode length, diameter and leaf, valine has a good inhibitory effect on peach seedling growth, and has no significant effect on leaf morphology. 2. Further, the optimum concentration of amino acids to inhibit the growth of peach seedlings was explored. The experiment was conducted in the Horticultural

Experimental Station of Shandong Agricultural University. Peach seedlings were used as test materials. When the peach seedlings grew to about 5 cm high, the seedlings with consistent growth and no diseases and insect pests were sprayed with 1 g/L, 5 g/L, 10 g/L and 20 g/L valine (Val) respectively, and the control group. Spraying, with the leaves wet and covered with water drops, is advisable. The treatment is repeated every 3 times.

Spraying once every 3 days, twice in total, measuring the height of peach seedlings on the 30th day after treatment, and determining the optimum concentration. The results (as shown in Table 3 below) showed that the height of peach seedlings treated with valine of 10-20 g/L for 30 days was significantly lower than that treated with clean water. It was found that 5-20 g/L valine could effectively inhibit the growth of peach seedlings.

Table 3 Effects of different concentrations of valine on the growth height of peach seedlings “Treatments Growth Value (cm)

Val-1g/L ~~ 22.04#180c 00000

Val-5 g/L 16.54+1.15 b

Val-10 g/L 13.56+1.54 a

Val-20 g/L 13.44+2.04 a

Control 18.44+2.38 b

3. In order to further verify the inhibitory effect of valine on the growth of perennial503347 peach trees, according to the above experimental results, an 8-year-old peach tree "(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch' with a row spacing of 2 mx5 m, consistent growth and vigorous growth was used as the test material to carry out further experiments, and routine management was carried out during the experiment. In the morning or evening when the weather is sunny and calm, the whole plant should be sprayed until the front and back sides of the leaves are covered with water drops and no water drops. 10 g/L valine (Val), 10 g/L paclobutrazol (Pcba) and clear water (Control) should be sprayed respectively. Treat every 3 trees. Spraying once every 3 days, twice in total. The effects of valine on the growth of new shoots of mature peach trees and the leaf morphology of peach trees were studied. Around the crown, 10 peripheral new shoots with a height of 1~1.5 m and the same growth (about 5 cm long) were randomly selected for marking, and the length from the base of the new shoot to the growing point was measured with a meter ruler every 10 days.

Fig. 2 shows the effect of valine on the growth of new shoots. The results showed that the growth of different treatments after 120 days was as follows: Val < PCBA < control. Val and Pcba significantly inhibited the shoot growth and internode length of peach trees. The shoot growth and internode length of Val treatment group decreased by 37.6% and 18.5% respectively, while that of Pcba treatment group decreased by 30.6% and 34.2% respectively. After Val treatment, the thickness and puncture strength of new shoots did not change significantly, but after Pcba treatment, the thickness and puncture strength of new shoots decreased significantly by 12.7% and 20.6% respectively. In conclusion, Val and Pcba can significantly inhibit the growth of new shoots of peach trees, and compared with Pcba, Val will not reduce the diameter of new shoots.

After spraying the pesticide for 120 days, the indexes of leaves were measured. The results showed that Val treatment had no significant effect on all indexes of leaves. After

Pcba treatment, the leaf width, area, dry weight and fresh weight decreased by 12.0%, 16.1%, 13.6% and 16.0% respectively, and the aspect ratio increased by 8.1%. Each treatment had no significant effect on leaf water content. During the experiment, the leaf shape was observed, and it can be seen that after Pcba treatment, the leaf was obviously curled (see Figure 3). In conclusion, Val treatment had no significant effect dnJ503347 leaves.

At the same time, the fruit quality of each treatment group was measured. When the fruit was ripe, 3 trees were selected in each treatment, and 15 fruits with basically the same maturity on the middle branch of the crown (the green color of the fruit surface has been reduced to light green, the color is gorgeous, and the flesh is plump) were picked.

The soluble sugar, titratable acid and Vc contents of the fruits were determined, and each treatment was repeated for 3 times, and the average results were taken. The study on the effect of Val on fruit quality found that the single fruit weight and vertical diameter were significantly increased by 10.1% and 5.4%, while Pcba significantly decreased the single fruit weight and horizontal diameter by 6.6% and 6.3%. Both Val and Pcba treatments had no significant effect on fruit shape index (Table 4). To sum up, Val treatment can significantly increase the single fruit weight and improve the appearance quality. At the same time, as shown in Table 5, Val can significantly increase the contents of soluble sugar, titratable acid and Vc, which are increased by 14.9%, 5.7% and 10.8% respectively compared with Control, while the titratable acid content in Pcba treatment group is significantly decreased. At the same time, both treatments can reduce fruit hardness. To sum up, Val treatment can improve the intrinsic quality of fruit by increasing the contents of soluble sugar, titratable acid and Vc.

Table 4 Effect of Epivaline on the External Quality of Peach Fruit

Cresent Sangle Fruit Weight Vertical Diameter Transverse Diameter Fruit Shape {g} {mm} {mm} Index

Feb 343 9342 750 78.672138 ab 7860084 à 1.040,01 à

Control 263 41-263 b T6 10-691 a 82004226 b 102001 a

Table 5 Effect of Epivaline on the Internal Quality of Peach Fruit LU503347

Soluble Solid Soluble Sugar Titratable Acid

Treatment Content Content Content Sugar Acid dues (a) {mg gh img gh) ee) (587 00)

Poh 117510 20 a bé TYH 84 à 6962005 4 69 8633.32 a DSS004ab 1d 2331898

Control 11624018 à 03.442 54 a 1060.04 b 62063493 5 CISHOM a 2018x160 b

Example 2

In order to detect the effect of potassium phosphite on peach shoot growth and fruit quality, two-year-old Luhong 618/ Maotao was used as the test material in the experimental base of South Campus of Shandong Agricultural University. The peripheral shoots of each peach tree in the same year were selected for marking, and the marked new shoots had the same length and normal growth. In the treatment, different concentrations of potassium phosphite were sprayed on the leaves, and the concentrations were 1 g/L, 2 g/L, 3.3 g/L, 5 g/L and 10 g/L, respectively, which were represented by T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, and the clear water was used as the control.

Randomized block design was adopted in the experiment, with 3 trees in each treatment, and the average result was taken. In the treatment, the pesticide is sprayed on the surface of the leaves, and the whole tree is evenly sprayed until dripping. Before treatment, 10 cm strong new shoots were selected for marking, and each treatment included 12 new shoots. After treatment, the length of marked new shoots (the straight-line distance from the growing point of new shoots to the bottom of new shoots) was measured and the average length of new shoots was calculated.

Determination of soluble sugar in fruit by anthrone method. When the fruit is ripe, three trees are selected in each treatment, and the fruits with basically the same maturity on the bearing branches in the middle of the crown (the green color of the fruit surface has decreased to light green, the color is gorgeous, and the flesh is plump) are picked, and the soluble sugar of the fruits is determined, and each treatment is repeated for three times. Wipe and cut the sample, take 0.2 g sample, put it into a 10 mL calibratidn)503347 test tube, add 10 mL of water, and extract it twice in boiling water bath. Take 0.5 mL extract, add 0.5mL anthrone ethyl acetate solution and 5mL concentrated sulfuric acid, fully shake, keep it in boiling water bath for 1 min, and measure its optical density at 630 nm wavelength after natural cooling. After extracting soluble sugar, add 10 mL of boiling water to the residue, and then add 2 mL of 9.2 mol/L perchloric acid. The starch is digested into glucose by boiling water bath, and the content of starch is determined by anthrone method.

Spraying different concentrations of potassium phosphite on peach trees showed that on the 4th day after treatment, the growth rate of new shoots of T4 and T5 treatments began to slow down obviously, and the growth of new shoots of T3 treatment was significantly inhibited on the 7th day after treatment. By the 13th day, the growth of new shoots of T3 treatment decreased by 19.3% compared with the control, and T4 and

TS decreased by 26.7% and 30.7% compared with the control, respectively. The effect of controlling shoots became more and more obvious with the increase of concentration.

However, compared with the control, the shoot length of T1 and T2 treatments had no significant change on the 7th day before treatment, and began to increase significantly on the 10th day. By the 13th day, the shoot length of T1 and T2 had increased by 8.8% and 19.4% respectively (Fig. 4). It can be seen from the above that the length of new shoots increases at first and then decreases with the increase of potassium phosphite concentration. Low concentration of potassium phosphite promotes the growth of new shoots, while high concentration of potassium phosphite inhibits the growth of new shoots.

It can be seen from Figure 5 that the soluble sugar content of all treatments except

T5 increased, and the soluble sugar content of T3 treatment was the highest, which increased by 35.5% compared with the control. In addition, the starch content of T1 and

T2 increased by 15.3% and 32.9% respectively, while the starch content of T3, T4 and

T5 decreased by 19.2%, 49.2% and 64.5% respectively. In a word, the soluble sugar and starch contents of T1 and T2 are all increased, which is related to the promotion of plant photosynthesis. The soluble sugar and starch contents of T5 treatment are all decreased,

which is related to the inhibition of photosynthesis. Although the starch contents of T3J503347 and T4 treatment are decreased compared with the control, the soluble sugar contents of these two treatments are all increased. It may be that the application of potassium phosphite gives full play to the role of activating plant defense system, making plants produce more soluble sugar for osmotic adjustment. Reduce starch output, resulting in a decrease in assimilate output.

On the whole, 3-5 g/L potassium phosphite has the best effect on controlling new shoot growth and improving fruit quality.

Comparative example 1

The experiment was carried out by the method of Example 2, except that the new shoots were lignified and then sprayed with 1 g/L, 2 g/L, 3.3 g/L, 5 g/L or 10 g/L potassium phosphite. The results showed that the effect of controlling the shoots was not obvious.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS LU503347

1. Application of valine and/or potassium phosphite in controlling new shoot growth and/or improving fruit quality of peach trees.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized by spraying any one of the followings: (1) spraying valine solution on leaf surface; (2) spraying potassium phosphite solution on the leaves; (3) spraying valine solution and potassium phosphite solution on leaves; (4) spraying the mixed solution of valine and potassium phosphite on the leaves.

3. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that the concentration of the valine solution is 10-20g/L; the concentration of the potassium phosphite solution is 3-5g/L; in the mixed solution of valine and potassium phosphite, the concentration of valine is 10-20g/L, and the concentration of potassium phosphite is 3-5 g/L.

4. A method for controlling the flourishing growth of new shoots of peach trees, characterized by comprising: spraying any of the following on peach trees: (1) spraying valine solution on leaf surface; (2) spraying potassium phosphite solution on the leaves; (3) spraying valine solution and potassium phosphite solution on leaves; (4) spraying the mixed solution of valine and potassium phosphite on the leaves.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the concentration of the valine solution is 10-20g/L: the concentration of the potassium phosphite solution is 3-5g/L; in the mixed solution of valine and potassium phosphite, the concentration of valine is 10-20g/L, and the concentration of potassium phosphite is 3-5 g/L.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that foliar spraying 14503347 carried out when the new shoot length of peach trees grows to 4-12 cm.

7. The method according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized by spraying 1-2 times every 3 days after the first spraying.

8. The method according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that the spraying is suitable that both the front and back sides of the leaves are covered with water drops and do not drip.

9. The method according to any one of claims 4-8, characterized in that the whole plant is sprayed in a sunny morning or evening.

10. The method according to any one of claims 4-9, characterized in that the peach varieties are Ruiguang 39, Luhong 618, Ruiguang 39/Maotao or Luhong 618/ Maotao.