CN101473747B - Micro-graft and fast propagation method of tree - Google Patents
Micro-graft and fast propagation method of tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN101473747B CN101473747B CN2009100677410A CN200910067741A CN101473747B CN 101473747 B CN101473747 B CN 101473747B CN 2009100677410 A CN2009100677410 A CN 2009100677410A CN 200910067741 A CN200910067741 A CN 200910067741A CN 101473747 B CN101473747 B CN 101473747B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid tree micrografting propagation method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting two tree twigs with good affinity or twigs of the current year on a tree as rootstocks and scions respectively; (2) respectively performing sterilization treatment on the rootstocks and the scions; (3) respectively performing hormone treatment on the rootstocks and the scions; (4) grafting the rootstocks and the scions in the way of scion grafting or bud grafting; (5) cultivating grafted seedlings in a sand bed; (6) removing rootstock shoots in time; and (7) removingbinding plastics after the scion survives and young sprouts grow to 20-30cm, thus completing rapid micrografting propagation of the rootstocks and the scions. The method applies the modern biotechnologies to fine variety breeding, realizes industrial large-scale seedling culture, and the method can be implemented in protected areas all the year round. Compared with the existing grafting seedling culture methods, the propagation method has the advantages of low cost, fast seedling formation, robust growth of nursery stocks and easy transplantation, and can rapidly propagate to obtain great amount of new species of good nursery stocks in a short time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly a kind of forest micro-graft and fast propagation method.
Background technology
China's agricultural production has been managed to specialist, company management from single household and has been changed, agricultural production from the scattered unordered development of tradition to suit measures to local conditions, orderly planned development changes.Along with the continuous development of industry, self-fertile, from demand numerous, that traditional seed cultivation mode that reserve seed for planting certainly can not adapt to current industrialization, large-scale development.In the cultivating process of seedling, some transformed variety existence can not formation seed or seed with high-quality characteristic causes the expensive especially problem of price less, adopt the method for conventional seed seedling-raising to be difficult to satisfy the large-scale needs of producing, even and some kind has seed, also exist planting percent low, the problem that offspring's dissociation is big.In view of above reason, people are through constantly testing, groping, in seed cultivation, adopt the graft seedling growth method to substitute the seed seedling-raising method gradually, this graft seedling growth method is great to the breeding meaning of fruit tree that some do not produce seed, the plant of grafting survival can keep the merit of scion variety, can utilize the advantageous feature of stock again, reach precocity fruiting, strengthen the purpose of cold resistance, drought-resistant, disease and insect resistance, can also the economic utilization propagating materials, increase nursery stock quantity to satisfy the needs of large-scale production.The graft seedling growth method is usually used in also being widely used in growing seedlings of gourd vegetables in the breeding of fruit tree, forest, flowers.At present, must select the stock variety that is fit to before the graft seedling growth, promptly carry out the cultivation of rootstock seedling, cultivate the time in 1～2 year of cost that needs, the fast kind of growing also needs the time about half a year, certainly will prolong the numerous seedling cycle when breeding carries out graft seedling growth like this, increase production cost, as: anti-saline and alkaline color leaf poplar, jujube seedling, the Chinese chestnut seedling, red bayberry, loquat etc., all needing to spend, the cultivation time of length just can become the available commercial seedling of strain growth.And conventional graft seedling growth method also has technological process many, and growing-seedling period is long, and the survival rate of seedling is subjected to the big shortcoming of the influence of weather.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of plant simple to operate, that be easy to grasp and cultivate has into that seedling is fast, nursery stock growing way stalwartness, the forest micro-graft and fast propagation method that is easy to transplant.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of forest micro-graft and fast propagation method is characterized in that: these method process following steps:
(1). choose the spray of giving birth to then on the trees spray of two kinds of good lifes in 1～2 year of compatibility or the trees respectively as stock and scion;
(2). use disinfectant to stock and scion disinfection respectively;
(3). use hormone that stock and scion are carried out HORMONE TREATMENT respectively;
(4). stock and scion adopt the mode of scion grafting or bud grafting to carry out grafting;
(5). the seedling that grafting is good carries out the sand bed and cultivates;
(6). in time remove the stock sprout tillers;
(7). treat that scion survives, behind young sprout length to 20～30 centimetre, remove the colligation plastics, can finish the micro-graft of stock and scion and breed fast.
And described stock is that length is 2～5 centimetres unrooted and the spray that does not have leaf, and described scion is that length is 2～5 centimetres and has a bud and the spray of a leaf.
And the disinfectant in the described step (2) is the mixed liquor of any one and water 1: 500 by volume～1000 in organic mercury or carbendazim or thiophanate methyl or the tpn, or concentration is 0.1～0.5% potassium permanganate solution.
And the middle stock of disinfecting of described step (2) adopts training to soak, and the base portion immersion is adopted in scion, is 15～30 minutes between immersion treatment.
And the hormone in the described step (3) is any two kinds mixing of any one or 1: 1 by volume in methyl or indolebutyric acid or the ABT root-inducing powder or is that dilute with water is the mixed liquor of 50～200ppm or 500～2000ppm after three kinds of mixing of 1: 1: 1 by volume.
And the grafting method in the described step (4) is a simple bud cut-grafting method, the steps include:
(1). the part of tender shoots top more than 0.5～1 centimetre in the scion removed, 0.5～1 centimeters tiltedly partial application downwards below tender shoots, the degree of depth reaches half of scion, and from the downward partial application of upper surface diameter of scion, it is standby to take off the scion part that has tender shoots and leaf;
(2). end section partial application straight down on stock, edge of a knife width is identical with the back standby scion width of processing;
(3). insert in the edge of a knife of stock the wedge shape lower end that will handle the standby scion in back, and the cambium of the two is engaged;
(4). with the obturage exposed cross section of the graft union of stock and scion and stock upper end of plastic tape colligation, finish the grafting of stock and scion.
And it is in after stock and scion grafting are finished that the lower end of stock is vertical, the firm husky bed of insertion that the husky bed in the described step (5) is cultivated, the density of insertion be 20～400 strains/square metre
2, the damp condition that husky bed is cultivated be stock when not taking root relative moisture be 85～100%, the relative moisture after stock is taken root is 80～90%.
And the environmental temperature that the husky bed in the described step (5) is cultivated is 25～30 ℃.
And, stock inserted preceding to husky bed substrate disinfection during husky bed in the described step (5) was cultivated, used disinfectant is the mixed liquor of any one and water 1: 500 by volume～800 in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl or the tpn, or concentration is 1～2% potassium permanganate solution.
And, during cultivating, husky bed in the described step (5) stock is taken root before, is diluted with water to the mixed liquor of 10～100ppm every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of sprinkling 0.2～0.5% in 3～5 days and in methyl or indolebutyric acid or the ABT root-inducing powder any one, the stock back of taking root is 0.2～0.5% nutrient solution every 3～5 days spray concentrations, and this nutrient solution is to be the mixture of 50% urea, 40% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10% compound trace element fertilizer and the mixed liquor of water according to weight.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
1. this method is to do scion with the seedling spray of ripe variety breeding, with the method grafting of scion grafting or bud grafting on unrooted spray stock, under 25～30 ℃ of temperature, the approaching saturated condition of relative moisture, graft survival rate reaches more than 85% respectively, grafting field transplanting success is more than 95%, annual grafting height with stock scion variety, grafting sooner or later, vegetative period length and different, can reach more than 0.5～2.5 meter.The nursery stock stalwartness, disease-free.
2. this method scion grafting that will have a leaf one bud just can be cultivated into a complete breeding plant apace on the microbody stock, for cost height, rare breeding, can realize expanding in the breeding short time numerous purpose, need be through not blooming pollination and ripe very long production of hybrid seeds stage, as: anti-saline and alkaline color leaf poplar, jujube etc. only need get final product healing and taking root in 7～15 days, just can transplant the land for growing field crops in 40～50 days, and conventional grafting needs 2～3 years.Can transplant after the plant of adopting this method to cultivate takes root, its root system is explosion type, root/shoot ratio is big, survival rate is high, but transplant planting all throughout the year is suitable for anti-season and transplants.
This method simple to operate, be easy to grasp, realized the batch production of seedling, produced on a large scale.With traditional graft seedling growth method relatively, use still less during cuttage, littler material, saved production cost.The cost that drops into from the management recruitment also reduces widely.On suitable kind, adopt this method to go for all green plantss.
4. the present invention is applied to stock breeding with modern biotechnology; realized batch production, grown seedlings on a large scale; and this method can be carried out on protection ground the whole year; compare with existing graft seedling growth method; have cost low, become that seedling is fast, nursery stock growing way stalwartness, the advantage that is easy to transplant; and can breed the good nursery stock of a large amount of new varieties of acquisition in a short time fast, and can effectively solve China breeding nursery stock problem in short supply, accelerated the popularization of breeding.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described, and following embodiment is illustrative, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with following embodiment.
The forest micro-graft and fast propagation method is to do scion with the seedling spray of ripe variety breeding, with the method grafting of scion grafting or bud grafting with the good unrooted spray stock of scion compatibility on, obtain the breeding nursery stock, the principle that stock and scion are drawn materials is as follows: (1). on the treelet of life in 1～2 year, choose spray as far as possible, perhaps choose the spray of giving birth to then on the tree, main cause is that the merismatic vitality of young shoot cortex is very strong, forms callus easily, is easy to induce root system; (2). the material of clip will be noted preserving moisture, and is placed in the plastic sack or bucket of sealing as far as possible, and avoids strong illumination, transports at a distance if desired, prevent material heating or air-dry dehydration; (3). draw materials in the morning as far as possible, the interior moisture abundance of blade this moment, and a little less than the illumination in morning, air humidity is big, and blade is not easy dehydration; (4) carry out successive transfer culture as far as possible, promptly draw materials on the vegetative progeny that has cultivated, many kinds begin to be difficult to breeding, but along with heterogenetic continuity, success rate is more and more higher.
A kind of forest micro-graft and fast propagation method process following steps:
(1). choose the spray of giving birth to then on the trees spray of two kinds of good lifes in 1～2 year of compatibility or the trees respectively as stock and scion, wherein stock is that length is 2～5 centimetres unrooted and the spray that does not have leaf, and described scion is that length is 2～5 centimetres and has a bud and the spray of a leaf.
(2). use disinfectant to stock and scion disinfection respectively, disinfectant is the mixed liquor of any one and water 1: 500 by volume～1000 in organic mercury or carbendazim or thiophanate methyl or the tpn, or concentration is 0.1～0.5% potassium permanganate solution, stock adopts training to soak in disinfecting, scion adopts base portion to soak, and is 15～30 minutes between immersion treatment.
(3). use hormone that stock and scion are carried out HORMONE TREATMENT respectively, hormone is any two kinds mixing of any one or 1: 1 by volume in methyl or indolebutyric acid or the ABT root-inducing powder or is that dilute with water is the mixed liquor of 50～200ppm or 500～2000ppm after three kinds of mixing of 1: 1: 1 by volume.
(4). stock and scion can adopt the mode of scion grafting or bud grafting to carry out grafting, and what adopt in this example is simple bud cut-grafting method, the steps include:
1.. the part of tender shoots top in the scion more than 0.5～1 centimetre removed, 0.5～1 centimeters tiltedly partial application downwards below tender shoots, the degree of depth reaches half of scion, and from the downward partial application of upper surface diameter of scion, it is standby to take off the scion part that has tender shoots and leaf;
2.. end section partial application straight down on stock, edge of a knife width is identical with the back standby scion width of processing;
3.. insert in the edge of a knife of stock the wedge shape lower end that will handle the standby scion in back, and the cambium of the two is engaged;
4.. with the obturage exposed cross section of the graft union of stock and scion and stock upper end of plastic tape colligation, finish the grafting of stock and scion.
(5). the seedling that grafting is good carries out husky bed and cultivates: after stock and scion grafting are finished in the husky bed of insertion that the lower end of stock is vertical, firm, the density that stock inserts be 20～400 strains/square metre
2, be not advisable so that blade is overlapped, insert and just to play fixation, needn't insert too deeply, even not inserting also, many plants can not take root.Cuttage should or be advisable in cloudy day, morning at dusk, reduces the generation of dehydration as far as possible, and whole slotting machine should have been inserted at short notice, is convenient to management.
Water management during husky bed is cultivated: by the control system of the instrument gap spraying of growing seedlings, make the balance of the blade maintenance moisture of grafting-cuttage material, being unlikely to withered wilts, the damp condition that husky bed is cultivated be stock when not taking root relative moisture be 85～100%, the relative moisture after stock is taken root is 80～90%.Adjustment has related parameter according to weather condition, and it is wet that plant leaf blade is done, and it is inexcessive and rotten because of moisture again neither to wilt, and guarantees the humidity on blade face.The humidity of blade can keep, and medium of seedling bed can be not dry yet.The spraying standard of material of not taking root is: when last time spraying rear blade moisture progressively volatilizees, just does to 2/3 blade, and when 1/3 blade still has moisture, beginning spraying next time.After material was taken root, the time of spray intervals relatively progressively prolonged.Grow seedlings spray intervals time of instrument with this standard setting.Strictly speaking, the structure difference of every plant species blade, the speed of moisture evaporation is also different, and observe by sense organ and experience judged more when therefore growing seedlings.The time and the shower nozzle kind of each spraying also have relation, and standard is that blade is just in time evenly squirted.It is just passable second that general shower nozzle only need spray 5-10.
Disinfection management during husky bed is cultivated: (1). husky bed substrate sterilization: the husky bed substrate that does not insert stock is carried out disinfection, operable disinfectant is the mixed liquor of any one and water 1: 500 by volume～800 in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl or the tpn, or concentration is 1～2% potassium permanganate solution, and disinfectant prepares the back and according to the acceptable amount of biotechnology husky bed carried out uniform spray disinfectant.All will once more careful sterilization after the every batch of outplanting, residual harmful microorganism when reducing last consignment of as far as possible and growing seedlings.(2). grow seedlings the stage: spray any one and water in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl or tpn or Tuzet or the root-rot spirit after stock insert to finish and be by volume 1: 800～1000 mixed liquor, before taking root, stock sprayed once every 5 days, the spray medicine should stop to carry out behind the water spray between the lights, can suitably reduce spray medicine number of times after stock is taken root.
Illumination management during husky bed is cultivated: grow seedlings in the booth and can suitably shade, general plant uses the shading screen of the rate about 30% of shading to get final product, and does not too shade.Full photonursery stock growing then need not be shaded, but the instrument of growing seedlings will be set to prevent strong sun burn plant.
Temperature treatment during husky bed is cultivated: the environmental temperature that husky bed is cultivated should keep 25～30 ℃.(1). when natural temperature is grown seedlings, summer open booth around, note aeration-cooling.Add the cooling-down effect of water spray itself, generally can obtain nursery effect preferably.Raise seedling in greenhouse progressively seals booth in the fall November when temperature descends, urge the short long purpose of root to reach to heat.(2). the instrument temperature control of growing seedlings is grown seedlings: it is about 25 ℃ that the instrument temperature of growing seedlings is set winter, can open warming-up device (as the ground hot line etc.) automatically when ambient temperature is lower than the instrument of growing seedlings when temperature is set.Be arranged on temperature about 30 ℃ summer, and the instrument of growing seedlings when ambient temperature is higher than 30 ℃ can be opened wet curtain blower fan automatically and reduce the temperature to temperature is set.
Nutrition Management during husky bed is cultivated: sprayed 0.2～0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and in methyl or indolebutyric acid or the ABT root-inducing powder any one before taking root every 3～5 days and be diluted with water to the mixed liquor of 10～100ppm; The back of taking root is 0.2～0.5% nutrient solution every 3～5 days spray concentrations, nutrient solution is by urea 50%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 40%, the mixture of compound trace element fertilizer 10% (comprising S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl) and the mixed liquor of water, spray nutritious liquor can carry out jointly in conjunction with disinfectant, reduces labour intensity.
(6). in time remove the stock sprout tillers.
(7). treat that scion survives, behind young sprout length to 20～30 centimetre, remove the colligation plastics, can finish the micro-graft of stock and scion and breed fast.
Embodiment 1
(1). choose middle day good Yang Zuowei stock of compatibility, China red autumnal leaves poplar is as scion, on the Chinese red autumnal leaves poplar of the middle day poplar of life in 1 year and life in 2 years, choose spray respectively, wherein stock is that length is 2～5 centimetres unrooted and the spray that does not have leaf, and scion is that length is 2～5 centimetres and has a bud and the spray of a leaf.
(2). organic mercury and water were mixed in 1: 500 by volume, and to stock and scion disinfection respectively, wherein stock adopts training to soak, and scion adopts base portion to soak, and is 15 minutes between immersion treatment.
(3). with the methyl dilute with water is the mixed liquor of 200ppm, and stock and scion are carried out HORMONE TREATMENT respectively, because hormone concentration is lower, the processing method of directly soaking is adopted in stock and scion.
(4). adopt simple bud cut-grafting method to carry out grafting through stock after sterilization, the HORMONE TREATMENT and scion, the steps include:
1.. the part of tender shoots top in the scion more than 1 centimetre removed, 1 centimeters tiltedly partial application downwards below tender shoots, the degree of depth reaches half of scion, and from the downward partial application of upper surface diameter of scion, it is standby to take off the scion part that has tender shoots and leaf;
2.. end section partial application straight down on stock, edge of a knife width is identical with the back standby scion width of processing;
3.. insert in the edge of a knife of stock the wedge shape lower end that will handle the standby scion in back, and the cambium of the two is engaged;
4.. black plastic band colligations wide with 1 centimetre, 40 centimeter length the exposed cross section of the graft union of stock and scion and stock upper end of obturaging, but to guarantee that tender shoots and tender leaf in the scion expose, and finish the grafting of stock and scion.
(5). transplant after stock and scion grafting are finished to husky bed and cultivate: before stock inserts at first to the disinfection of husky bed, adopt carbendazim and 1: 500 by volume mixed liquor of water to spray uniformly during sterilization according to the acceptable amount of biotechnology, after the sterilization in the husky bed of insertion that the lower end of stock is vertical, firm, the density that stock inserts be 20～400 strains/square metre
2It is 1: 800 mixed liquor by volume that stock insert to finish in period before taking root to stock in the back to spray every 5 days carbendazim and water, and the spray medicine carries out after stopping between the lights spraying water, and can suitably reduce after stock is taken root to spray the medicine number of times.
The mixed liquor that is diluted with water to 10ppm every 3～5 days spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates of 0.2～0.5% and methyl before stock is taken root; The stock back of taking root is 0.2～0.5% nutrient solution every 3～5 days spray concentrations, and spray nutritious liquor can carry out jointly in conjunction with disinfectant, reduces labour intensity.
In the husky bed cultivating process, environmental temperature keeps 25～30 ℃, and the relative moisture that husky bed was cultivated when stock was not taken root is 85～100%, and the relative moisture after stock is taken root is 80～90%.
(6). husky bed is cultivated and is checked the grafting survival situation after 10～15 days, can be from buddering and the state of petiole judges whether to survive, allly to budder freshly, scion skin zone viridescent begins to sprout, and petiole one touches the person that promptly do not fall for surviving.Petiole does not fall, budder drying shrinkage or blackout browning, and then not surviving of scion skin zone shrinkage should in time be removed the plant that does not survive at this moment, or be reseeded again.
(7). grafting promptly begins to take place sprout tillers on the stock after tens days, remove the growth that can have a strong impact on after scion survives as untimely, removes sprout tillers and will carry out at any time.
(8). treat that scion survives, during young sprout length to 20～30 centimetre, should in time lighten restrictions on, otherwise easily form contriction and windbreak.If wound do not heal, also should bind again, and after 1 month, check once more, heal fully again its whole releasings until wound, can finish the micro-graft of stock and scion and breed fast.
Embodiment 2
(1). choose the good wild jujube tree of compatibility as stock, Ji state crisp dates tree is as scion, set at the Ji state crisp dates of the wild jujube of life in 2 years tree and life in 1 year respectively and choose spray, wherein stock is that length is 2～5 centimetres unrooted and the spray that does not have leaf, and scion is that length is 2～5 centimetres and has a bud and the spray of a leaf.
(2). thiophanate methyl and water were mixed in 1: 500 by volume, and to stock and scion disinfection respectively, wherein stock adopts training to soak, and scion adopts base portion to soak, and is 30 minutes between immersion treatment.
(3). with methyl and 1: 1 by volume mixing back of indolebutyric acid dilute with water is the mixed liquor of 500ppm, and stock and scion are carried out HORMONE TREATMENT respectively, because hormone concentration is higher, the processing method of dipping is fast adopted in stock and scion.
(4). adopt simple bud cut-grafting method to carry out grafting through stock after sterilization, the HORMONE TREATMENT and scion, the steps include:
1.. the part of tender shoots top in the scion more than 0.5 centimetre removed, 0.5 centimeters tiltedly partial application downwards below tender shoots, the degree of depth reaches half of scion, and from the downward partial application of upper surface diameter of scion, it is standby to take off the scion part that has tender shoots and leaf;
2.. end section partial application straight down on stock, edge of a knife width is identical with the back standby scion width of processing;
3.. insert in the edge of a knife of stock the wedge shape lower end that will handle the standby scion in back, and the cambium of the two is engaged;
4.. black plastic band colligations wide with 1 centimetre, 40 centimeter length the exposed cross section of the graft union of stock and scion and stock upper end of obturaging, but to guarantee that tender shoots and tender leaf in the scion expose, and finish the grafting of stock and scion.
(5). transplant after stock and scion grafting are finished to husky bed and cultivate: before stock inserts at first to the disinfection of husky bed, adopt tpn and 1: 800 by volume mixed liquor of water to spray uniformly during sterilization according to the acceptable amount of biotechnology, after the sterilization in the husky bed of insertion that the lower end of stock is vertical, firm, the density that stock inserts be 20～400 strains/square metre
2It is 1: 900 mixed liquor by volume that stock insert to finish in period before taking root to stock in the back to spray every 5 days root-rot spirit and water, and the spray medicine stops to carry out behind the water spray between the lights, can suitably reduce after stock is taken root to spray the medicine number of times.
The mixed liquor that is diluted with water to 100ppm every 3～5 days spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates of 0.2～0.5% and ABT root-inducing powder before stock is taken root; The stock back of taking root is 0.2～0.5% nutrient solution every 3～5 days spray concentrations, and spray nutritious liquor can carry out jointly in conjunction with disinfectant, reduces labour intensity.
In the husky bed cultivating process, environmental temperature keeps 25～30 ℃, and the relative moisture that husky bed was cultivated when stock was not taken root is 85～100%, and the relative moisture after stock is taken root is 80～90%.
(6). husky bed is cultivated and is checked the grafting survival situation after 10～15 days, can be from buddering and the state of petiole judges whether to survive, allly to budder freshly, scion skin zone viridescent begins to sprout, and petiole one touches the person that promptly do not fall for surviving.Petiole does not fall, budder drying shrinkage or blackout browning, and then not surviving of scion skin zone shrinkage should in time be removed the plant that does not survive at this moment, or be reseeded again.
(7). grafting promptly begins to take place sprout tillers on the stock after tens days, remove the growth that can have a strong impact on after scion survives as untimely, removes sprout tillers and will carry out at any time.
(8). treat that scion survives, during young sprout length to 20～30 centimetre, should in time lighten restrictions on, otherwise easily form contriction and windbreak.If wound do not heal, also should bind again, and after 1 month, check once more, heal fully again its whole releasings until wound, can finish the micro-graft of stock and scion and breed fast.
Embodiment 3
(1). choose the good wild hair chestnut of compatibility as stock, clovershrub is as scion, on the clovershrub of the wild hair chestnut of life in 1 year and life in 1 year, choose spray respectively, wherein stock is that length is 2～5 centimetres unrooted and the spray that does not have leaf, and scion is that length is 2～5 centimetres and has a bud and the spray of a leaf.
(2). with concentration be 0.35% potassium permanganate solution to stock and scion disinfection respectively, wherein stock adopts training to soak, scion adopts base portion to soak, and is 25 minutes between immersion treatment.
(3). with dilute with water after methyl and indolebutyric acid and the mixing in 1: 1: 1 by volume of ABT root-inducing powder is the mixed liquor of 2000ppm, stock and scion are carried out HORMONE TREATMENT respectively, because hormone concentration is higher, the processing method of dipping is fast adopted in stock and scion.
(4). adopt simple bud cut-grafting method to carry out grafting through stock after sterilization, the HORMONE TREATMENT and scion, the steps include:
1.. the part of tender shoots top in the scion more than 0.7 centimetre removed, 1 centimeters tiltedly partial application downwards below tender shoots, the degree of depth reaches half of scion, and from the downward partial application of upper surface diameter of scion, it is standby to take off the scion part that has tender shoots and leaf;
2.. end section partial application straight down on stock, edge of a knife width is identical with the back standby scion width of processing;
3.. insert in the edge of a knife of stock the wedge shape lower end that will handle the standby scion in back, and the cambium of the two is engaged;
4.. black plastic band colligations wide with 1 centimetre, 40 centimeter length the exposed cross section of the graft union of stock and scion and stock upper end of obturaging, but to guarantee that tender shoots and tender leaf in the scion expose, and finish the grafting of stock and scion.
(5). transplant after stock and scion grafting are finished to husky bed and cultivate: before stock inserts at first to the disinfection of husky bed, adopting concentration during sterilization is that 1.5% potassium permanganate solution sprays uniformly according to the acceptable amount of biotechnology, after the sterilization in the husky bed of insertion that the lower end of stock is vertical, firm, the density that stock inserts be 20～400 strains/square metre
2It is 1: 1000 mixed liquor by volume that stock insert to finish in period before taking root to stock in the back to spray every 5 days Tuzet and water, and the spray medicine carries out after stopping between the lights spraying water, and can suitably reduce after stock is taken root to spray the medicine number of times.
The mixed liquor that is diluted with water to 50ppm every 3～5 days spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates of 0.2～0.5% and indolebutyric acid before stock is taken root; The stock back of taking root is 0.2～0.5% nutrient solution every 3～5 days spray concentrations, and spray nutritious liquor can carry out jointly in conjunction with disinfectant, reduces labour intensity.
In the husky bed cultivating process, environmental temperature keeps 25～30 ℃, and the relative moisture that husky bed was cultivated when stock was not taken root is 85～100%, and the relative moisture after stock is taken root is 75～85%.
(6). husky bed is cultivated and is checked the grafting survival situation after 10～15 days, can be from buddering and the state of petiole judges whether to survive, allly to budder freshly, scion skin zone viridescent begins to sprout, and petiole one touches the person that promptly do not fall for surviving.Petiole does not fall, budder drying shrinkage or blackout browning, and then not surviving of scion skin zone shrinkage should in time be removed the plant that does not survive at this moment, or be reseeded again.
(7). grafting promptly begins to take place sprout tillers on the stock after tens days, remove the growth that can have a strong impact on after scion survives as untimely, removes sprout tillers and will carry out at any time.
(8). treat that scion survives, during young sprout length to 20～30 centimetre, should in time lighten restrictions on, otherwise easily form contriction and windbreak.If wound do not heal, also should bind again, and after 1 month, check once more, heal fully again its whole releasings until wound, can finish the micro-graft of stock and scion and breed fast.
Embodiment 4
Stock is a Malus baccata in the present embodiment, and scion is a brachyplast Fuji, and the processing procedure of method for quickly breeding is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Stock is a Wild hickory in the present embodiment, and scion is No. 1, breeding the Liao Dynasty nuclear, and the processing procedure of method for quickly breeding is identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 6
Stock is an arbor-vitae in the present embodiment, and scion is a cypress, and the processing procedure of method for quickly breeding is identical with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 7
Stock is a black pine in the present embodiment, and scion is a five-leaved pine, and the processing procedure of method for quickly breeding is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8
Stock is a downy cherry fruit in the present embodiment, and scion is that the processing procedure of dragon hat cherry method for quickly breeding is identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 9
Stock is the powder ball rose in the present embodiment, and scion is rich colored Chinese rose, and the processing procedure of method for quickly breeding is identical with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 10
Stock is an ansu apricot in the present embodiment, and scion is Lee Blang, and the processing procedure of method for quickly breeding is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 11
Stock is a smoke tree in the present embodiment, and scion is the red autumnal leaves smoke tree, and the processing procedure of method for quickly breeding is identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 12
Stock is a winterberry euonymus herb in the present embodiment, and scion is a hokkaido boxtree, and the processing procedure of method for quickly breeding is identical with embodiment 3.
Cultivate the young tender bareroot seedling that survives with this method and carry out the field-transplanting test, transplanting should be noted following some problem:
1. transplant preceding 5～7 days hardenings of will cutting off the water, promote root system development, improve the nursery stock adaptive capacity of weather such as high temperature, arid to external world;
2. note keeping root system complete when transplanting,, guarantee to transplant not dehydration, in time shade after planting with planting with rising with watering;
3. transplant should be between the lights or the cloudy day carry out, must guard against arid and transplanted in windy day.Plant the back and strengthen water management, throw off the thing that shades gradually, identical behind the transplant survival with Routine Management.
The transplanting result of the test of embodiment 1～12 sees Table 1.
Claims (6)
1. forest micro-graft and fast propagation method is characterized in that: this method is through following steps:
(1). choose the spray of giving birth to then on the trees spray of two kinds of good lifes in 1～2 year of compatibility or the trees respectively as stock and scion;
(2). use disinfectant to stock and scion disinfection respectively;
(3). use hormone that stock and scion are carried out HORMONE TREATMENT respectively;
(4). stock and scion adopt the mode of scion grafting or bud grafting to carry out grafting;
(5). the seedling that grafting is good carries out the sand bed and cultivates;
(6). in time remove the stock sprout tillers;
(7). treat that scion survives, behind young sprout length to 20～30 centimetre, remove the colligation plastics, can finish the micro-graft of stock and scion and breed fast;
It is in after stock and scion grafting are finished that the lower end of stock is vertical, the firm husky bed of insertion that husky bed in the described step (5) is cultivated, the density of inserting be 20～400 strains/square metre, the damp condition that husky bed is cultivated be stock when not taking root relative moisture be 85～100%, the relative moisture after stock is taken root is 80～90%;
The environmental temperature that husky bed in the described step (5) is cultivated is 25～30 ℃;
Stock inserted preceding to husky bed substrate disinfection during husky bed in the described step (5) was cultivated, used disinfectant is the mixed liquor of any one and water 1: 500 by volume～800 in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl or the tpn, or concentration is 1～2% potassium permanganate solution;
During cultivating, husky bed in the described step (5) stock is taken root before, is diluted with water to the mixed liquor of 10～100ppm every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of sprinkling 0.2～0.5% in 3～5 days and in methyl or indolebutyric acid or the ABT root-inducing powder any one, the stock back of taking root is 0.2～0.5% nutrient solution every 3～5 days spray concentrations, and this nutrient solution is to be the mixture of 50% urea, 40% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10% compound trace element fertilizer and the mixed liquor of water according to weight.
2. a kind of forest micro-graft and fast propagation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described stock is that length is 2～5 centimetres unrooted and the spray that does not have leaf, and described scion is that length is 2～5 centimetres and has a bud and the spray of a leaf.
3. a kind of forest micro-graft and fast propagation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the disinfectant in the described step (2) is the mixed liquor of any one and water 1: 500 by volume～1000 in organic mercury or carbendazim or thiophanate methyl or the tpn, or concentration is 0.1～0.5% potassium permanganate solution.
4. a kind of forest micro-graft and fast propagation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the middle stock of disinfecting of described step (2) adopts training to soak, and the base portion immersion is adopted in scion, is 15～30 minutes between immersion treatment.
5. a kind of forest micro-graft and fast propagation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the hormone in the described step (3) is any two kinds mixing of any one or 1: 1 by volume in methyl or indolebutyric acid or the ABT root-inducing powder or is that dilute with water is the mixed liquor of 50～200ppm or 500～2000ppm after three kinds of mixing of 1: 1: 1 by volume.
6. a kind of forest micro-graft and fast propagation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the grafting method in the described step (4) is a simple bud cut-grafting method, the steps include:
(1). the part of tender shoots top more than 0.5～1 centimetre in the scion removed, 0.5～1 centimeters tiltedly partial application downwards below tender shoots, the degree of depth reaches half of scion, and from the downward partial application of upper surface diameter of scion, it is standby to take off the scion part that has tender shoots and leaf;
(2). end section partial application straight down on stock, edge of a knife width is identical with the back standby scion width of processing;
(3). insert in the edge of a knife of stock the wedge shape lower end that will handle the standby scion in back, and the cambium of the two is engaged;
(4). with the obturage exposed cross section of the graft union of stock and scion and stock upper end of plastic tape colligation, finish the grafting of stock and scion.
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| CN101697696B (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-04-06 | 山东农业大学 | Arborvitae wax-sealing double-tongue grafting seedling raising process |
| CN101849480B (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2012-03-28 | 唐兴龙 | Method for improving grafting survival rate of pomegranate |
| CN102415287A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-04-18 | 云南省红河热带农业科学研究所 | Mango grafting bud method |
| CN103181299B (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-09-03 | 长沙县硕康农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of paliurus ramosissimus |
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| CN103385120A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-11-13 | 李先强 | Grafting method for improving cion survival rate |
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