CN103988715B - Method for rapidly propagating apocarya good variety seedlings - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly propagating apocarya good variety seedlings. The method comprises the steps of (1) germination acceleration; (2) grafting, wherein a scalpel is utilized for cutting off the upper portion of the position, 4cm away from seedling grains, of the bud seedlings, the cut is cut open downwards from the middle, a branch of an apocarya good variety is selected, cut into a thin wedge shape, and inserted into the kerf of the stock, one side of the branch is flush with the edge of the stock, a piece of medical paper adhesive tape is used for tight adhesion, and after being physically and completely cured, the bud seedlings are transplanted into a black polypropylene plastic nutrition bowl; (3) management after grafting. Compared with other methods for cultivating the apocarya seedlings, the method has the advantages that more than 90% of cultivated seedlings in the current year are strong, the strong seedling cultivation time is shortened by one to two years, the cost is saved, and the method has the great significance in strong seedling rapid cultivation of apocarya.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree and field of forest cultivation technology, relate to a kind of method of apocarya improved seeds quick reproduction technique.
Background technology
Apocarya, has another name called pecan tree, is a kind in Juglandaceae, hickory.Originating in the U.S. and Mexico, is one of important in the world oil plant dry fruit tree variety, and the thin easy stripping of its shell, kernel is plump, taste is fragrant good to eat, has higher nutritive value.Trunk leads to straight, tree-like grace, well established and vigorously developing, is to turn the four sides green and the fine tree species of ornamental plantation.The simultaneously tough and tensile densification of timber, heartwood is dark red, sapwood is yellowish-white, full of elasticity, not yielding and cracking, is the fine timber tree species such as building, noble furniture.Therefore, apocarya is that purposes is wide, the obvious excellent economic tree of benefit period length, high financial profit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Apocarya introduces the history that China has more than 110 year, though the unremitting effort through have passed through several generations, there is no the forest zone of a slice specification and the orchard of a stable and high yields at present, let alone scale and industrialization.The roasted seeds and nuts " green fruit " of existing market sale, " Longevity ", all from imported from America.Why there is this situation, have many masters, odjective cause.Apocarya improved seeds breed mainly through propagation by grafiting, propagation by grafiting stock used is mainly from root anvil, and the seedling that apocarya planting seed is cultivated.Although apocarya sows the technology full maturity of grafting then then, but the nursery stock that grafting is formed is very weak, be known as " mouse tail ", need Second Year to grow again and just can go out garden in 1 year, and the seedling quality relative mistake formed, breed the time that apocarya high quality seedling at least needs 2 years as can be seen here, or even the time of 3 years.Due to cost of land costly, adding seed costs and labor cost, seedling cost is expensive.At present, apocarya nursery stock markets is in great demand, and current nursery cannot meet the needs in market.The qualified high-quality nursery stock of how to cultivate improved seeds at short notice is very important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the above-mentioned defect for prior art, a kind of method of apocarya improved seeds quick reproduction technique is provided.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
A method for apocarya improved seeds quick reproduction technique, comprises the steps:
1) vernalization, chooses full apocarya seed, after pesticide-germicide process soak seed 20 ~ 28h, after seed soaking, surface moisture is dried, then carries out Stratificated treatment, high temperature vernalization at the beginning of annual 2 months by 3 months at the beginning of carry out in plastic tunnel.
2) grafting, bud seedling, to early April, takes out together with seed by annual late March, with cutter from kind of grain 3 ?6cm to prune top, the centre of cutting mouth is cut 1.2 ~ 1.7cm downwards as stock; Choose apocarya improved seeds with 2 ?the elongated shoot of 3 buds, long 6 ?8cm, be whittled into thin wedge shape as scion, insert in stock otch, wherein side and the snap of stock edge, cling with grafting bondage material, be transplanted to after bud seedling physics is completely cured in the black polypropylene plastic nutritional alms bowl of 13cm × 20cm;
3) managing after grafting, nutritive cube is placed on heap have 5 ?the thick stone of 10cm booth in, in maintenance booth, temperature is at 22 ~ 28 DEG C, soil moisture is 50 ~ 60%, and the plant survived is transplanted to large Tanaka together with polypropylene plastics nutritive cube, spacing in the rows is 18 ~ 22cm, line-spacing 28 ~ 33cm, during transplanting, using basic fertilizer outside container is chicken manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed, consumption 460 ~ 530kg/ mu, water is irrigated and is adopted furrow irrigation, soil moisture content is made to be not less than 60%, July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm
3, after grafting after bud is sprouted, within every 2 weeks, carry out 1 spraying Zn on leaves, time remaining to late August, the May after grafting, June, July, August monthly nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time.
Step 1) in high temperature vernalization preferably in annual early Febuary.
Step 2) described in apocarya improved seeds be the apocarya improved seeds promoted present stage, preferred Ma Han, Bai Ni, Weston, Shawnee, card are many, one in Shaoxing.
Step 2) in the otch preferred distance kind grain 4cm of stock, bud seedling diameter is preferably more than 1.5mm herein.
Step 2) in physics be completely cured 1/3 of the preferred root of length ?1/2.
Step 2) in the elongated shoot of preferred below the 1cm of diameter of scion.
Step 2) described in grafting bondage material be selected from plastic film or medical Paper adhesive tape, preferred medical Paper adhesive tape.
Step 3) in the preferred 6cm of thickness of stone in booth, stone is preferably melon seeds sheet stone, is rubble or cobble, and natural rock or rock obtain through broken, grinding, and stone magnitude range is 10mm ?30mm.
Step 3) in managing after grafting the chemical agent of spraying Zn on leaves be zinc sulphate, wherein sulfuric acid zinc concentration is 2g/L ?3g/L.
Step 3) in the nitrogenous fertilizer used be urea, amount of application is: 5, June, monthly every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 20 ?30 jin, 7, August, monthly every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 30 ?50 jin.
Beneficial effect:
Compared with other apocarya seedling breeding method, this method is by the improvement to grafting period (stock is also in the bud phase), graft technology and managing after grafting aspect, nurturing staff more than 90% then, nurturing staff time shorten 1 ?2 years, saved cost, the invention of this technology has great importance for apocarya quickly breeding strong sprout.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1. apocarya bud seedling
Fig. 2. the scion that apocarya is cut
Fig. 3. the schematic diagram that apocarya grafts
Fig. 4. apocarya strong sprout
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) method for apocarya improved seeds quick reproduction technique, comprises the steps:
1) vernalization, chooses full seed, carries out impurity elimination classification, and soak seed after pesticide-germicide process 24h, dried by surface moisture after seed soaking, then carries out Stratificated treatment, and high temperature vernalization was carried out in plastic tunnel annual February 5.
2) grafting, annual March 25, takes up bud seedling together with seed, utilizes scalpel on top of pruning fast from kind of grain an about 4cm, is cut downwards the centre of cutting mouth and be about 1.5cm as stock; Choose the elongated shoot of apocarya improved seeds, with 2 ?3 buds, be about 6 ?8cm, be whittled into thin wedge shape, then insert in stock otch, wherein side and the snap of stock edge, tape on by medical papery, bud shoot root is carried out physics be completely cured, the length of being completely cured be root 1/3 ?1/2, be then transplanted in the black polypropylene plastic nutritional alms bowl of 13cm × 20cm.
3) managing after grafting, nutritive cube being placed on heap has in the booth of the thick stone of 6cm, in maintenance booth, temperature is at about 25 DEG C, soil moisture is about 60%, grafting adds up survival rate in about 1 month, and the plant survived is transplanted to large Tanaka together with polypropylene plastics nutritive cube, spacing in the rows is 20cm, line-spacing 30cm, during transplanting, using basic fertilizer outside container is chicken manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed, consumption 500kg/ mu, water is irrigated and is adopted furrow irrigation, the number of times of furrow irrigation is determined according to local rainfall, within 10 days, rainfall is no more than 20mm, irrigate once, all the time soil moisture content is made to be not less than 60%, July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm
3, after grafting after bud is sprouted, every solution of zinc sulfate carrying out 1 foliage-spray 2.5g/L for 2 weeks, time remaining, to by the end of August, monthly executes urea in the May after grafting, June, July, August 1 time.
(2) determine best grafting bondage material, in order to reach not only convenient but also ensure the object of survival rate, in research process, have employed 3 kinds of different bondage materials, be medical Paper adhesive tape, plastic film and aluminium flake respectively, other steps are all identical.Grafting added up survival rate after 1 month.
Result:
Use plastic film in bondage process, because bud seedling is very tender, easily rupture, so grafting speed is slow, but graft survival rate is relatively high, reaches 80%.Use aluminium flake, grafting speed is fast, but graft survival rate is too low, is about 30%.Utilize medical adhesive pad not only grafting speed fast, and graft survival rate is also high, reaches about 90%, and medical Paper adhesive tape is below with weathering degraded, less program of lightening restrictions on.Therefore in this research, preferably have employed medical Paper adhesive tape carry out bondage.
(3) effect and the interval time of spraying Zn on leaves is determined
In order to determine effect and the interval time of spraying Zn on leaves, this research have employed 4 kinds of different process, and make with medicament be zinc sulphate, concentration is 2.5g/L, and in use observes the color of blade, and adds up seedling height after fallen leaves.
Result
When zinc process is not sprayed on blade face, leaf color is green, and nursery stock average height is 65cm, and after adopting spraying Zn on leaves process, leaf color is bottle green, and seedling height is significantly improved, and as can be seen from Table 1, it is best that spraying Zn on leaves effect is carried out at interval for 2 weeks.1 week, interval, although have also been obtained good effect, because the time interval is overstocked, increases cost.
Table 1
| Process | Leaf color | Seedling height |
| Do not spray zinc (contrast) | Green | 65cm |
| 1 week, interval | Bottle green | 100cm |
| 2 weeks, interval | Bottle green | 100cm |
| 3 weeks, interval | Bottle green | 90cm |
(3) determine the effect using nitrogenous fertilizer, in order to clear and definite nitrogenous fertilizer is on the impact of apocarya seedling growth, 5 different experimental studies have been carried out in this research, and nitrogenous fertilizer is urea.
Result
It is very important that table 2 shows nitrogenous fertilizer to apocarya seedling growth, needs, according to apocarya growing state, to apply fertilizer, and along with the increase of amount of growth, the nitrogenous fertilizer monthly applied increases to some extent.The growth of nursery stock effectively can be promoted at Growing season applied nitrogen in May to August.
Table 2
Embodiment 2
(1) method for apocarya improved seeds quick reproduction technique, comprises the steps:
1) vernalization, chooses full seed, carries out impurity elimination classification, and soak seed after pesticide-germicide process 24h, dried by surface moisture after seed soaking, then carries out Stratificated treatment, and high temperature vernalization was carried out in plastic tunnel annual February 5.
2) grafting, annual March 25, bud seedling is taken up together with seed, utilize scalpel on top of pruning fast from kind of grain an about 4cm, the centre of cutting mouth is cut downwards and is about 1.5cm as stock, choose the elongated shoot of apocarya improved seeds, with 2 ?3 buds, be about 6 ?8cm, be whittled into thin wedge shape as scion, then scion inserted in stock otch, wherein side and stock edge are by rising, tape on by medical papery, bud shoot root is carried out be transplanted in the black polypropylene plastic nutritional alms bowl of 13cm × 20cm after physics is completely cured.
3) managing after grafting, nutritive cube being placed on heap has in the booth of the thick stone of 6cm, in maintenance booth, temperature is at about 25 DEG C, soil moisture is about 60%, grafting adds up survival rate in about 1 month, and the plant survived is transplanted to large Tanaka together with polypropylene plastics nutritive cube, spacing in the rows is 20cm, line-spacing 30cm, during transplanting, using basic fertilizer outside container is chicken manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed, consumption 500kg/ mu, water is irrigated and is adopted furrow irrigation, the number of times of furrow irrigation is determined according to local rainfall, within 10 days, rainfall is no more than 20mm, irrigate once, all the time soil moisture content is made to be not less than 60%, during July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm
3after grafting after bud is sprouted, within every 2 weeks, carry out 1 spraying Zn on leaves, make with medicament be concentration to be the solution of zinc sulfate of 2.5g/L, time remaining is to by the end of August, monthly execute urea in May after grafting, June, July, August 1 time, May and June monthly every mu execute 25 jin, urea, 7 and August monthly every mu execute 40 jin, urea.
(2) a kind of apocarya sows the method (grafting then, cut anvil then) of grafting then then, comprises the steps:
(1) stock prepares
Stock is the apocarya seedling of giving birth to then.Annual October 15 gathered and does the elite seed of stock, and December carries out cold stratification, and February 5 next year carries out high temperature vernalization process, and March 25 carried out bud transplantation of seedlings, and the same year carries out square bud grafting to the stock choosing more than diameter 0.8cm at the beginning of 9 months by the end of July.
(2) scion prepares
Choose the branch that improved seeds life in 1 year reaches semi-lignified, after cutting, remove blade, retain petiole.Bud section is stage casing bud, and experimental study shows, the graft survival rate of stage casing bud is significantly higher than epimere bud and hypomere bud.Scion preferably now adopts existing use, notes moisturizing.
(3) graft technology
Select to grow substantial ripe bud sheet in the middle part of scion, at bud sheet up and down apart from each horizontal partial application in bud 0.5 ?0.8cm place, then in each vertical partial application in upper lower cut both sides, the rectangle bulk forming band phloem is buddered.At raw stock overhead 10 ?20cm places then, choose each horizontal partial application up and down of smooth position, deeply reach xylem, length with budder identical; Indulge partial application in stock both sides, tear phloem off, put into and budder, the side cortex that makes to budder aligns with stock interface side cortex.Tightly wrap up with the plastic strip of 1cm, make to budder and stock contiguity, expose sprout and petiole.One " dewatering outlet " can be stayed in the lower right corner of otch, be beneficial to draining.
(4) managing after grafting
Grafting then, cut anvil then, after grafting 15 ?20 days, observe the survival rate of buddering, and notice that timely solution is tied up.Stock can sprout a large amount of young shoots, timely bud picking, prevent the bud on stock and budder competition for nutrients.Note rich water quality management, water is irrigated and is adopted furrow irrigation, and the number of times of furrow irrigation is determined according to local rainfall, and within 10 days, rainfall is no more than 20mm, irrigates once, makes soil moisture content be not less than 60% all the time, July and August simultaneously, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm
3.
(3) a kind of apocarya sows the method (grafting then, spring next year cut anvil) of grafting then then, comprises the steps:
The method (grafting then, cut anvil then) of grafting is then sowed in stock preparation, scion preparation, the same method of graft technology (two) a kind of apocarya then.Managing after grafting, after raw stock adopts the method grafting of bud grafting then, does not cut stock then, budders and do not sprout, and forms half seedling that band bud is passed the winter.After grafting 15 ?20 days, observe the survival rate of buddering, and notice that timely solution is tied up.Spring in next year, bud cut anvil at above 1cm place of buddering before sprouting.Stock can sprout a large amount of young shoots, timely bud picking, prevent the bud on stock and budder competition for nutrients.Note rich water quality management, irrigate and adopt furrow irrigation, the number of times of furrow irrigation is determined according to local rainfall, and within 10 days, rainfall is no more than 20mm simultaneously, irrigates once, makes soil moisture content be not less than 60% all the time, July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm
3.
Result: can find out by comparing analysis to above 3 kinds of diverse ways, method (two) is although budder and can sprout, the branch that pumping one is very small and weak, but owing to cutting anvil (about the 1cm that budders locates), summer temp is high, stock clip easily dries up, and affects the survival rate of buddering.If stay longer stock to cut anvil above buddering, due to terminal bud advantage, germination and growth of buddering becomes branch amount less, secondary can be caused simultaneously to cut stock, delay work and mistake.After cutting anvil then, sprout pumping branch, next year can a lot of branch of pumping, and seedling quality is poor, and the rate in strong sprout of being cultivated by 2 years is very low, and only about 55%.Method (three) raw stock bud grafting then and do not cut anvil then, bud is not sprouted, next year, amount of growth was large, without branch, survival rate and seedling growth amount all higher.Therefore, can become high-quality grafting strong sprout from apocarya seed culture by 2 years, strong sprout, rate reached 95%.And utilizing method of the present invention can obtain strong sprout then, strong sprout, rate reached about 90%, substantially reduced the time of cultivating apocarya improved seeds strong sprout, had great importance for the industrialization promoting apocarya fast.
Table 3
Claims (11)
1. a method for apocarya improved seeds quick reproduction technique, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) vernalization, chooses full apocarya seed, and soak seed after pesticide-germicide process 20-28h, dried by surface moisture after seed soaking, then carries out Stratificated treatment, high temperature vernalization at the beginning of annual 2 months by 3 months at the beginning of carry out in plastic tunnel;
2) grafting, bud seedling, to early April, takes out together with seed by annual late March, with cutter on top of pruning from kind of a grain 3-6cm, the centre of cutting mouth is cut 1.2-1.7cm downwards as stock; Choose the elongated shoot of apocarya improved seeds with 2-3 bud, long 6-8cm, be whittled into thin wedge shape as scion, insert in stock otch, wherein side and the snap of stock edge, cling with grafting bondage material, be transplanted to after bud seedling physics is completely cured in the black polypropylene plastic nutritional alms bowl of 13cm × 20cm;
3) managing after grafting, nutritive cube being placed on heap has in the booth of the thick stone of 5-10cm, and in maintenance booth, temperature is at 22-28 DEG C, the plant survived at 50-60%, and is transplanted to large Tanaka together with polypropylene plastics nutritive cube by soil moisture, and spacing in the rows is 18-22cm, line-spacing 28-33cm, during transplanting, using basic fertilizer outside container is chicken manure through becoming thoroughly decomposed, consumption 460-530kg/ mu, water is irrigated and is adopted furrow irrigation, soil moisture content is made to be not less than 60%, July and August, the GA of spray 2 concentration 200ppm
3, after grafting after bud is sprouted, within every 2 weeks, carry out 1 spraying Zn on leaves, time remaining to late August, the May after grafting, June, July, August monthly nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step 1), high temperature vernalization is in annual early Febuary.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) described in apocarya improved seeds be present stage promote apocarya improved seeds.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that step 2) described in apocarya improved seeds be selected from that Ma Han, Bai Ni, Weston, Shawnee, card are many, one in Shaoxing.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) in the otch distance of stock plant grain 4cm, bud seedling diameter is more than 1.5mm herein.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) in the physics length of being completely cured be the 1/3-1/2 of root.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) in the diameter of scion be below 1cm.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) described in grafting bondage material be selected from plastic film or medical Paper adhesive tape.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that step 2) described in grafting bondage material be medical Paper adhesive tape.
10. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the chemical agent of spraying Zn on leaves in managing after grafting in step 3) is zinc sulphate, wherein sulfuric acid zinc concentration is 2g/L-3g/L.
11. according to method according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer used in step 3) is urea, amount of application is: 5, June, monthly every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 20-30 jin, and 7, August, monthly every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application 30-50 jin.
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| CN109819831A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 旺苍县木门镇盐井核桃专业合作社 | A kind of engrafting method of walnut |
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| CN102823358B (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-09-25 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Method for promoting lateral rooting of annual carya illinoensis seed seedling |
| CN103039254B (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-04-16 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Seedling growing method of apocarya |
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| CN110637663A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-01-03 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Sustainable development planting method based on apocarya |
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