CN102823358B - Method for promoting lateral rooting of annual carya illinoensis seed seedling - Google Patents

Method for promoting lateral rooting of annual carya illinoensis seed seedling Download PDF

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CN102823358B
CN102823358B CN 201210351736 CN201210351736A CN102823358B CN 102823358 B CN102823358 B CN 102823358B CN 201210351736 CN201210351736 CN 201210351736 CN 201210351736 A CN201210351736 A CN 201210351736A CN 102823358 B CN102823358 B CN 102823358B
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seed
seedling
matrix
furrow
root
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CN102823358A (en
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翟敏
张计育
宣继萍
贾晓东
刘永芝
李永荣
郭忠仁
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Nanjing Lvzhou Pecan Co ltd
Institute of Botany of CAS
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Nanjing Lvzhou Pecan Co ltd
Institute of Botany of CAS
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit trees and forestry cultivation, and discloses a method for promoting the lateral rooting of a annual carya illinoensis seed seedling, the root of a sprouting carya illinoensis seed seedling is mechanically cut, and a pair of scissors is utilized to cut the part below the fibrous root; and the seedling which is subjected to mechanical root cutting is transplanted into a nutrition pot, melon seed-shaped pebbles are laid on the bottom of the nutrition pot for 5 centimeters, and a nylon net is cushioned on the melon seed-shaped pebbles. A matrix is put in a container, the seedling is transplanted in a facility which is cold-proof and sun-proof for one month, a furrow which has the width of 13 centimeters and the depth of 20 centimeters is defined in a seedbed of a land, and the row spacing of the furrow is 30 centimeters. A layer of non-woven fabric is laid at the bottom of the furrow, a chemical rooting-resistant agent is coated on the non-woven fabric, and the nutrition pots which are planted with the seedlings are put on the non-woven fabric according to the planting distance of 20 centimeters, and are fixed finally. The water and fertilizer management period is normally carried out. The method can be used for effectively promoting the lateral rooting of the carya illinoensis seed seedling.

Description

The method that apocarya seed seedling lateral root takes place is given birth in a kind of promotion then
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree and forest culture technique field, be specifically related to a kind of promotion and give birth to the method that apocarya seed seedling lateral root takes place then, utilize this method can promote effectively that a large amount of lateral roots take place to give birth to apocarya then.
Background technology
Apocarya is that high-grade thousand fruits of collection, afforestation, high-grade timber are the ecological economy type seeds of one.Originate in the U.S. and Mexico the north, introduced China 110 years, but do not form industrialized development.One of key factor that restricts its development is that the seedling propagation technology does not pass a test.Nursery stock mainly breeds by grafting apocarya.The cultivation of stock is one of link important in the grafting process, and the stock of apocarya mostly is the apocarya seedling.Apocarya has deep-rootedness, and plant lateral roots to form be the important component part of plant root system development, for plant fix, nutrition and moisture absorption and rhizospheric microorganism activity etc. all have important function.The bareroot seedling lateral root few (Fig. 1) that tradition field seedling raising mode is cultivated, seedling quality is poor, and transplanting survival rate is low, and transplanting seedling time is normal.Influence the breeding of apocarya nursery stock to a great extent, and then influenced the development of its industrialization.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the above-mentioned deficiency at prior art, provide a kind of promotion to give birth to the method that apocarya seed seedling lateral root takes place then.
The method that apocarya seed seedling lateral root takes place is given birth in a kind of promotion then, at first seed is carried out vernalization, and the method for vernalization may further comprise the steps:
1): the seed collecting impurity elimination, after the apocarya full maturity, gather full seed, remove broken seed, and carry out classification according to seed weight, be respectively, more than the 7g, 5-7g is below the 5g;
2): adopt 3% liquor potassic permanganate to soak seed 30min sterilization;
3): soaked in cold water 5 days, change water every day once, after the seed soaking the surface of the seed moisture is dried, must guard against and can not be exposed to the sun;
4) lamination, low temperature is husky to be hidden, and by sand: seed carries out at 3: 1, and temperature is 5-10 ℃, and humidity is agglomerating for holding, and openhandedly reaches diffusingly, and the time is 60 days.
5) hormone seed soaking was soaked seed 24 hours with 500mg/LGA3+50mg/LIBA+50mg/L6-BA;
6) high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) handles: intensity is 30KV/cm, 1 hour time;
7) vernalization sowing: at the beginning of annual 2 months (about environmental temperature 1-5 ℃), matrix is from top to bottom successively: colza cake (10cm), plastic film (1 layer), matrix (5cm, 1), seed (2 layers), matrix (the same) horse liver soil, vermiculite, peat soil and perlite weight ratio=3: 1: 2:, the outside covers one deck black plastic film, take little shed then, the outer covered with plastic film of shed and straw screen or mat, temperature 20-25 ℃; Sow and add up germination rate after 1 month, germination rate is more than 96%.
2 carry out the machinery processing of being completely cured with the apocarya seed seedlings that germinate, and utilize scissors that the position below the fibrous root is cut.Seedling concentration after machinery is completely cured is the GA of 1g/L 3Smear basal part of stem, after be transplanted to the black of 13 * 20 (cm) poly-in the alkene plastics nutritive cube, 6 diameters that are uniform-distribution with on every side at above 5cm place, nutritive cube bottom are aperture about 0.5cm, the hole is to transfer melon seeds sheet stone, pad nylon wire on it, nylon wire is matrix with top.Matrix is horse liver soil, turfy soil, loess and perlite, and its prescription is weight ratio 3: 2: 2: 1.
3 transplanted after one month, were wide 12cm in big field, the furrow of dark 20cm, and the furrow line-spacing is 30cm.In the shop, bottom of furrow layer of non-woven fabric, be coated with chemical root resistance agent on the nonwoven, the root resistance agent is the zinc carbonate of 150g/L, the nutritive cube of planting young plant more than inciting somebody to action then is placed on the nonwoven by spacing in the rows 20cm, with soil nutritive cube is fixed at last.
The seedling of described apocarya seed sprouting, its root is long to be sentenced the lower part with its fibrous root to cut for 1cm-10cm, or pinches with finger.
The position in hole is the above 4cm-10cm in bottom on the described nutritive cube, preferred 5cm.
The number in hole is 4-8 on the described nutritive cube, preferred 6.The diameter in hole is 0.5-1.0cm, preferred 1.0cm.
The material character of described melon seeds sheet stone, stone can be rubble or cobble, and natural rock or rock obtain through broken, grinding.
The size of described melon seeds sheet stone, scope 10mm-30mm.
The order number of described nylon wire is 4 orders-500 orders.
The line-spacing of described furrow is 20cm-50cm, preferred 30cm.Spacing in the rows is 15-30cm, preferred 20cm.
Described chemical root resistance agent carbonic acid zinc concentration is 120-180g/L.
Beneficial effect
Earlier carry out preliminary treatment with cold water before 1 lamination, because the vernalization of apocarya lamination is a water absorption course slowly, it simultaneously also is a process that transforms and slowly germinate slowly, seed is sprouted relevant with seed moisture proportion, only seed-bearing moisture content approaches or just begins to sprout when reaching capacity moisture content, and the moisture content of needed time of the moisture content that reaches capacity when beginning lamination with seed is relevant, moisture content is more low before the lamination, it is more slow to absorb water, reach capacity time of moisture content is more long, and the time of suitable vernalization also can be more long; The inventor found through experiments, and before the lamination seed is carried out soaked in cold water 5 days, changes water every day once, moisture content can reach 25% after such preliminary treatment, can be so that lamination just reaches capacity in 60 days state, shorten germination time, and this preliminary treatment can increase the field germination rate.
Preprocess method Moisture content after the preliminary treatment Germination rate (after the lamination 60 days)
Seed soaking 5d 25% 77%
Seed soaking 1d 17% 60%
Non-processor 11% 55%
2 is known in this field, hormone kind and concentration to seed grow and lateral root be formed with significant effect, the present application people finds, soaked seed 24 hours with 500mg/LGA3+50mg/LIBA+50mg/L6-BA, can significantly improve the apocarya seed germination rate, the single-factor experimental result shows, adopt this hormone to soak after, percentage of seedgermination has improved 17.5%, has shortened sprout time greatly.With concentration be the GA3 of 1g/L smear basal part of stem compare photograph (without HORMONE TREATMENT) stem increase slightly 31.6%, effect is remarkable, can promote effectively that more the apocarya seedling reaches the grafting rugosity as early as possible, carries out early stage grafting, shortens growing-seedling period.
3 utilize the high-voltage electrostatic field to handle seed, have influenced the motion of permeability and other polar molecule of film, have improved absorption and the transhipment physical capacity of cell, thereby can promote the growth organized.It not only can change the interior of seed, accelerate seed germination, improve percentage of seedgermination, promote growth of seedling, but also can strengthen the premunition of seed, kipeming high yield, yet, utilize the high-voltage electrostatic field to handle seed, different kind numerical value differ bigger, different intensity can produce different effects with the time combination, if it is excessive to handle electric-field intensity, or the processing time is long, can make plant cell come to harm even death, and electric-field intensity is too small or the time is too short, can cause treatment effect not obvious again, it is 30KV/cm that the present application people draws for apocarya seed employing intensity through creative work, and the treatment effect of 1 hour time is best, percentage of seedgermination, germination index, vitality index numerical value maximum, conductivity values is minimum, seed vitality reaches optimum state, and every physical signs is extreme value.
4 matrix formulations not only influence the growth of nursery stock acrial part ground, also be to influence seedling root configuration ground key factor simultaneously, differently substrate composition is not only different to the reaction of nursery stock seedling growth, and after in a few years growing, this influence still exists, horse liver soil is the distinctive a kind of soil in THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY area, and Sha Xingqiang does and can consolidate root, but wet water conservation, its shortcoming is that water permeable ability is strong, and dehydration is too fast, air-dry easily, and single use can make the base portion dehydration withered.And loess thickness too is airtight.Peat soil has good permeability and bigger salt balance ability, perlite, turfy soil suction, ventilative, the present application people is through creative work for many years, screen the contrast experiment, from a large amount of cutting mediums screening go into action on liver soil, the peat composed of rotten mosses, loess and perlite, its prescription is 3: 2: 2: 1 is used for lateral root takes place, and does mutual induction between each matrix mutually, reaches ventilative, preserves moisture, the effect of solid root.Matrix of the present invention (horse liver soil, turfy soil, loess and perlite weight ratio are 3: 2: 2: 1) with respect to single component loess as contrast:
Matrix Plant height increment cm Ground stem increment cm The lateral root number
On the Huang 17.6 3.12 1869
Matrix of the present invention 38.5 5.37 17664
5 for solving the root system abnormal phenomenon that exists in the container nursery, the agent of chemistry control root is mainly adopted in this area, though chemical reagent control root technology is simple, with low cost, control root effect is obvious, but the negative effect that causes is more serious, is in particular in that ion residues is higher, easily cause murder by poisoning and environmental pollution to plant, and normal development and the metabolism that will influence acrial part passed in this toxic action in time.Originally discover the zinc carbonate of 150g/L as the root resistance agent, it absorbs root length, absorption root surface area and volume and the absorption root tip of a root is counted the best.
By this technology apocarya is carried out the vernalization lateral root and generate, the apocarya seed sprouting was shifted to an earlier date more than 2 months, germination rate is more than 96%, but reaches the seedling (diameter 〉=0.6cm) reach more than 98% of grafting in August, first.And lateral root is compared with traditional apocarya seeding and seedling raising, and its graft seedling growth can be carried more than the previous year, had shortened the time of carrying out seedling-wood breeding by graft technology greatly.
The method that apocarya seed seedling lateral root takes place is given birth in a kind of promotion of the present invention then, compares with traditional seedling breeding method, has greatly increased the generation of lateral root on the degree.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. the conventional seedbed system method obtains the lateral root of apocarya seedling, and a situation arises
Fig. 2. the present invention obtains the lateral root of apocarya seedling, and a situation arises
Fig. 3. the container seedling that the land for growing field crops is fixing
Embodiment
Embodiment
Collect ripe apocarya seed October, carries out lamination.At the beginning of 2 months next years, carry out vernalization.The method of vernalization may further comprise the steps:
1): the seed collecting impurity elimination, after the apocarya full maturity, gather full seed, remove broken seed, and carry out classification according to seed weight, be respectively, more than the 7g, 5-7g is below the 5g;
2): adopt 3% liquor potassic permanganate to soak seed 30min sterilization;
3): soaked in cold water 5 days, change water every day once, after the seed soaking the surface of the seed moisture is dried, must guard against and can not be exposed to the sun;
4) lamination, low temperature is husky to be hidden, and by sand: seed carries out at 3: 1, and temperature is 5-10 ℃, and humidity is agglomerating for holding, and openhandedly reaches diffusingly, and the time is 60 days.
5) hormone seed soaking is soaked seed with 500mg/LGA3+50mg/LIBA+50mg/L6-BA and is cleaned with clear water after 24 hours;
6) high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) handles: intensity is 30KV/cm, 1 hour time;
7) vernalization sowing: at the beginning of annual 2 months (about environmental temperature 1-5 ℃), matrix is from top to bottom successively: colza cake (10cm), plastic film (1 layer), matrix (5cm, 1), seed (2 layers), matrix (the same) horse liver soil, vermiculite, peat soil and perlite weight ratio=3: 1: 2:, the outside covers one deck black plastic film, take little shed then, the outer covered with plastic film of shed and straw screen or mat, temperature 20-25 ℃; Sow and add up germination rate after 1 month, germination rate is more than 96%.
2, mid-March, the apocarya seed seedling that germinates is carried out the machinery processing of being completely cured, utilize scissors that the position below the fibrous root is cut.Young plant after machinery is completely cured is the GA of 1g/L with concentration 3Smear basal part of stem, after be transplanted in the black polypropylene plastics nutritive cube of 13 * 20 (cm), 6 diameters that are uniform-distribution with on every side at the above 5cm in nutritive cube bottom place are aperture about 0.5cm, the hole is to transfer melon seeds sheet stone, pad nylon wire on it, nylon wire is matrix with top.Matrix is horse liver soil, turfy soil, loess and perlite, and its prescription is weight ratio 3: 2: 2: 1.
3, transplant after one month, be wide 12cm in big field, the furrow of dark 20cm, the furrow line-spacing is 30cm.In the shop, bottom of furrow layer of non-woven fabric, be coated with chemical root resistance agent on the nonwoven, the root resistance agent is the zinc carbonate of 150g/L, the nutritive cube of planting young plant more than inciting somebody to action then is placed on the nonwoven by spacing in the rows 20cm, with soil nutritive cube is fixed at last
Make the apocarya seed sprouting shift to an earlier date more than 2 months by this method, germination rate is more than 96%, but reaches the seedling (diameter 〉=0.6cm) reach more than 98% of grafting August.And lateral root is compared with traditional apocarya seeding and seedling raising, and its graft seedling growth can be carried more than the previous year, had shortened the time of carrying out seedling-wood breeding by graft technology greatly.

Claims (1)

1. the method that apocarya seed seedling lateral root takes place is given birth in a promotion then:
At first seed is carried out vernalization, the method for vernalization may further comprise the steps:
1) full seed is gathered in seed collecting impurity elimination after the apocarya full maturity, remove broken seed, and carry out classification according to seed weight;
2) adopt 3% liquor potassic permanganate to soak seed 30min sterilization;
3) soaked in cold water is 5 days, changes water every day once, after the seed soaking the surface of the seed moisture is dried;
4) lamination, low temperature is husky to be hidden, and by sand: seed carries out at 3: 1, and temperature is 5-10 ℃, and the time is 60 days;
5) 500mg/L GA is used in hormone seed soaking 3+ 50mg/L IBA+50mg/L6-BA soaked seed 24 hours;
6) high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) handles: intensity is 30KV/cm, 1 hour time;
7) vernalization sowing: be successively from top to bottom: colza cake 10cm, 1 layer of plastic film, matrix 5cm, 2 layers in seed, matrix 5cm, the outside covers one deck black plastic film, take little shed then, the outer covered with plastic film of shed and straw screen or mat, temperature 20-25 ℃, wherein, above-mentioned matrix be on horse liver soil, vermiculite, the peat and the perlite weight ratio=3: 1: 2: 1;
Secondly: the apocarya seed seedling that germinates is carried out the machinery processing of being completely cured, and the seedling concentration after machinery is completely cured is the GA of 1g/L 3Smear basal part of stem, after be transplanted in the black polypropylene plastics nutritive cube of 13cm * 20cm, the aperture that to be uniform-distribution with 6 diameters on every side be 0.5cm at above 5cm place, nutritive cube bottom, the hole is to transfer melon seeds sheet stone, pad nylon wire on it, nylon wire is matrix with top, and matrix is horse liver soil, turfy soil, loess and perlite, and its prescription is weight ratio 3: 2: 2: 1; At last: transplant after one month, be wide 12cm in big field, the furrow of dark 20cm, the furrow line-spacing is 30cm, in the shop, bottom of furrow layer of non-woven fabric, be coated with chemical root resistance agent on the nonwoven, the root resistance agent is the zinc carbonate of 150g/L, then nutritive cube is placed on the nonwoven by spacing in the rows 20cm, with soil nutritive cube is fixed at last.
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