CN103181284A - Hardwood cutting method for Carya illinoensis - Google Patents
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Abstract
A hardwood cutting method for Carya illinoensis comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of growth hormone aqueous solutions; (2) preparation of a cutting seedbed; (3) acquisition and processing of cuttings; (4) shed building; (5) soaking or quick dipping processing of the cuttings; (6) cutting; and (7) management after cutting. With the adoption of the method, the rooting percentage of the cuttings of the Carya illinoensis after the hardwood cutting reaches as high as 80%, the problem of low cutting survival rate affected by secondary metabolite such as tannin and the like is solved, and ideal hardwood cutting is achieved for the Carya illinoensis. The hardwood cutting method has the advantages of strong operability, low cost and easiness in popularization; and meanwhile, the fine quality of a female parent is kept, and the advantages of early blossom and fruiting and the like brought by cutting propagation are reflected in the hardwood cutting propagation of the Carya illinoensis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetative cottage method in a kind of production of forestry, specifically is the cuttage method of cathay hickory.
Background technology
Apocarya (Carya illinoensis k.koch) belongs to Juglandaceae hickory plant, and its rooting types belongs to and induces the root initial body, transplants a cutting not have the root original hase before cuttage; Belong to the callus rooting type again, but because the apocarya branch contains compounds such as great deal of tannin, brown stain takes place in the oxidized back of incision in this class secondary metabolites, is difficult to form effective callus, so apocarya even whole hickory are the seeds that are difficult to take root.For above-mentioned reasons, in the vegetative propagation of apocarya, it is more that grafting is used, root is inserted method also report, " Xi'nan College of Forestry journal " the 20th the 5th phase of volume that the applicant of cuttage (being predecessor's Zhejiang Forestry Institute of Zhejiang A ﹠ F University) published in October, 2006 is topic with " influence that plant growth regulator is taken root to the apocarya cuttage ", did to introduce, the not enough refinement of the scheme of comparative trial in the literary composition, directiveness to operation owes concrete, the highest rooting rate has only 40%, and is not satisfactory.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the complete rooting rate of a cover up to 80% apocarya hardwood cuttage method.
Solve the problems of the technologies described above and adopt following technical scheme:
Thin cathay hickory hardwood cuttage method carries out as follows:
(1) preparation of the somatotropin aqueous solution: the one, somatotropin soaks the preparation of the aqueous solution, is mixed with four kinds of somatotropin respectively with IBA0mg/kg+NAA75mg/kg or IBA75mg/kg+NAA75mg/kg or IBA300mg/kg+NAA150mg/kg or IBA300mg/kg+NAA75mg/kg and soaks the aqueous solution; The 2nd, somatotropin speed is dipped in the preparation of the aqueous solution, is mixed with four kinds of somatotropin respectively with IBA600mg/kg+NAA900mg/kg or IBA0mg/kg+NAA600mg/kg or IBA900mg/kg+NAA0mg/kg or IBA1200mg/kg+NAA600mg/kg and soaks the aqueous solution;
(2) preparation in cuttage seedbed: field soil is on the spot turned over, make the furrow of the high 25cm of being convenient to manage after the carbendazim sterilization with 550 times of dilutions, in the furrow soil with furrow soil: perlite: turn over after the volume ratio of vermiculite=4: 1: 1 is admixed, leveling, epiphragma, pour water in the furrow ditch before the cuttage, keep furrow soil moistening;
(3) collection of plugged ear and processing: China Jiangsu, Zhejiang area select the cloudy day to gather annual or biennial branch of robust growth, no damage by disease and insect on the maternal plant at the Gregorian calendar last ten-days period in March, be placed on shady and cool place, take advantage of fresh, select bottom or the base portion of branch to be cut into the long plugged ear of 10-15cm, flat declivity on the otch, every plugged ear is stayed 2-3 full bud, and upper cut is the 2-4cm place above adjacent bud, therebetween crack-free;
(4) scaffolding: build simple and easy steelframe booth or little short shed;
(5) immersion of plugged ear or speed are dipped in processing: uprightly place the container that fills the somatotropin aqueous solution after many plugged ears are tied up, adopt the annual plugged ear of immersion way to select for use four kinds of somatotropin to soak preceding two kinds of the aqueous solution, biennially select back two kinds for use; Soak time 12h, solution did not have the above 3cmm height of base portion; The annual plugged ear that adopts speed to dip in mode selects for use four kinds of somatotropin speed to dip in preceding two kinds of the aqueous solution, biennially selects back two kinds for use; Solution did not have the above 3cm height of base portion; Dip in liquid time 20s;
(6) cuttage: use the straight cutting method, inserting the native degree of depth is the 2/3-3/4 of cutting length, spacing in the rows 10cm, and line-spacing 15cm, real with hand;
(7) management after the cuttage: every two weeks, ground surface usefulness sprays 550 times carbendazim thimerosal after the cuttage; Took off the film ventilation daytime when temperature surpassed 25 ℃, and cover evening again; When illumination is strong, shelter from heat or light with shade net; 3-4 pours water in the furrow ditch when surface soil turns white after week, keeps ground moistening, and other management is Routine Management;
In this apocarya hardwood cuttage method, preferred version is that the somatotropin aqueous solution selects for use the somatotropin speed of IBA600mg/kg+NAA900mg/kg to dip in solution in the step (1); Step is selected annotinous branch for use in (3), selects simple and easy steelframe booth in the step (4) for use, and step selects for use speed to dip in processing mode in (5).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the useless branch that can keep maternal quality, cut in the time of taking full advantage of training or grafting that cottage propagation is brought is made plugged ear, cost is low, early flowering result's advantage is applied in the apocarya seeds of the very difficult cutting survival of script, and makes rooting rate up to 80%.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail as embodiment below in conjunction with concrete experiment:
1. test method
1.1 the preparation of test material
The preparation of plugged ear: the cutting orchard that this test has drawn from Zhejiang A ﹠ F University apocarya proving ground, carry out cuttage March 21 in 2012,22 days.Draw the lower end and the base portion cuttage survival rate is higher by preliminary experiment (on March 12nd, 2011 upper, middle and lower to annotinous branch, base portion experimentize for four sections), only use the hypomere (annual) of branch and base portion (biennial) part to carry out the cuttage experiment simultaneously herein.Select the cloudy day to gather the cuttage branch, choose giving birth to then and biennial branch of robust growth, no damage by disease and insect maternal plant, the branch that shears off is In Shade, keep fresh state.Be cut into the plugged ear of 10-15cm according to test requirements document, flat declivity on the otch guarantees to have in each section cutting 2-3 full bud, and upper cut is the 2-4cm place above bud, crack-free.
The preparation of somatotropin: IBA, NAA are made the solution of variable concentrations (0,75,150,225,300mg/kg), test comprehensively, obtain 25 kinds of hormone concentrations combinations altogether.
The preparation in cuttage seedbed: field soil is turned on the spot, with doing grow up 25 meters, wide 1.5 meters, high 25 centimetres furrow after the sterilization of 550 times of carbendazim, admix perlite and vermiculite (furrow soil: perlite: vermiculite=4: 1: 1) turn over again in the furrow soil again, leveling, epiphragma, pour water in the furrow ditch before the cuttage, keep furrow soil moistening, be convenient to cuttage.
1.2 test method
Cottage method: adopt the straight cutting method, the cuttage degree of depth is the 2/3-3/4 of plugged ear, each slotting machine cuttage 150 row, and every row 15 strains, strain spacing are 10cm, line space is 15cm, and is real with hand.
1.2.1 immersion treatment plugged ear
Different hormone IBA (0,75,150,225,300mg/kg), NAA (0,75,150,225,300mg/kg) are made into 25 kinds of hormone concentrations combinations, as table 1.
Every kind of hormone combinations is joined 0.8L, pours in the plastic basin that diameter is 15cm, plugged ear 30 strains one is lashed uprightly put into solution, makes solution not have plugged ear base portion 3cm place, soaks 12 hours.Every kind of hormone combinations is handled 30 strain plugged ears, repeats 3 times.
Table 1 immersion treatment hormone combinations
1.2.2 speed is dipped in the processing plugged ear
Different hormone IBA (600,900,1200,225,1500mg/kf) and NAA (600,900,1200,225,1500mg/kg) are made into 25 kinds of hormone concentrations combinations, as table 2.Every kind of hormone combinations is joined 0.8L, pours in the plastic basin that diameter is 15cm, plugged ear 30 strains one is lashed uprightly put into solution, makes solution not have plugged ear base portion 3cm place, soaks 20s.Every kind of hormone combinations is handled 30 strain plugged ears, repeats 3 times.
Table 2 speed is dipped in the processing hormone combinations
1.2.3 the cuttage of different growing environments experiment
1.2.1 immersion treatment plugged ear and 1.2.2 speed dipped in handle two tests of plugged ear and in canopy, carry out the cuttage test outside the canopy simultaneously, relatively rooting percent in two environment.
1.2.4 cottage propagation anatomical research
After cuttage is finished, observe the upgrowth situation of plugged ear, and record the time that callus occurs and takes root, periodic sampling is fixed with FAA, (draws materials by the paraffin section technology, fixing, dehydration, transparent, waxdip, wax is repaiied in embedding, section, dyeing, microscopy) seek its mechanism of taking root (model LEICA RM2265 of slicer from the anatomy aspect
Microscope model OLYMPUS BX60).
2 results and analysis
2.1 the different hormones of immersion treatment, different stem section are to the influence of cuttage root-taking situation
Use different hormone IBA, the NAA of five kinds of concentration (0,75,150,225,300mg/kg) to mix the solution immersion treatment plugged ear that is made into 25 kinds of hormone concentrations respectively, carry out comprehensive test, result such as table 3.
Table 3 soaks the rooting percent statistics
As can be seen from Table 3 in the immersion treatment, combination 6 (the IBA0mg/kg of annual plugged ear in the canopy, NAA75mg/kg), 12 (IBA75mg/kg, NAA150mg/kg), 15 (IBA300mg/kg, NAA150mg/kg) rooting rate is higher relatively, be respectively 62%, 61%, 56%, the outer annual plugged ear combination 7 of canopy (IBA75mg/kg, NAA75mg/kg), 15 (IBA300mg/kg, NAA150mg/kg) rooting rate is higher relatively, be 53%, 43%, identical substantially in the point of outlet peak value and the canopy.Biennial rooting percent is higher in the canopy is combined as 6 (IBA0mg/kg, NAA75mg/kg), 11 (IBA0mg/kg, NAA150mg/kg), 15 (IBA300mg/kg, NAA150mg/kg), be respectively 26%, 26%, 36%, the outer biennial rooting percent of canopy is higher is combined as 10 (IBA300mg/kg, NAA75mg/kg), 16 (IBA0mg/kg, NAA225mg/kg), be respectively 33%, 28%.The concentration of IBA changes to 300mg/kg from 0 in the higher combination of rooting rate, and the concentration of NAA remains on 75mg/kg and two concentration of 150mg/kg substantially, can draw the influence degree of the cuttage rooting of somatotropin NAA thus greater than hormone IBA.
2.2 different hormones when speed is dipped in and handled, different stem section are to the influence of cuttage root-taking situation
Mix the solution speed that is made into 25 kinds of hormone concentrations with different hormone IBA, the NAA of five kinds of concentration (600,900,1200,225,1500mg/kg) and dip in the processing plugged ear, test result such as table 4 comprehensively.
Table 4 speed is dipped in the rooting percent statistics
Speed is dipped in the processing as can be seen from Table 4, combination 2 (the IBA600mg/kg of annual plugged ear in the canopy, NAA0mg/kg), 12 (IBA600mg/kg, NAA900mg/kg), 15 (IBA1500mg/kg, NAA900mg/kg), 20 (IBA1500mg/kg, NAA1200mg/kg) rooting rate is higher relatively, be respectively 63%, 80%, 68%, 56%, the outer annual plugged ear combination 4 of canopy (IBA1200mg/kg, NAA0mg/kg), 6 (IBA0mg/kg, NAA600mg/kg), 16 (IBA0mg/kg, NAA1200mg/kg) rooting rate is higher relatively, be 59%, 63%, 46%, slightly different in the point of outlet peak value and the canopy, but peak point is close substantially.Biennial rooting percent is higher in the canopy is combined as 3 (IBA900mg/kg, NAA0mg/kg), 12 (IBA600mg/kg, NAA900mg/kg), 20 (IBA1500mg/kg, NAA1200mg/kg), be respectively 71%, 54%, 37%, the outer biennial plugged ear of canopy with rate higher be combined as 8 (IBA900mg/kg, NAA600mg/kg), 9 (IBA1200mg/kg, NAA600mg/kg), 11 (IBA0mg/kg NAA900mg/kg), is respectively 33%, 40%, 29%.The concentration of IBA changes to 1500mg/kg from 0 in the higher combination of rooting rate, and the concentration of NAA changes to 1200mg/kg from 0, this shows under the situation of two kinds of hormone high concentrations all to have the effect that promotes cuttage rooting, and effect quite.
2.3 different HORMONE TREATMENT variance analyses
In order to compare root-inducing promoter kind and concentration to the influence of rooting percent, data are carried out variance analysis, the results are shown in Table 5,6.
Hormone kind, the variance analysis of plugged ear age effects rooting percent of immersion treatment in table 5 canopy
Speed is dipped in hormone kind, the variance analysis of plugged ear age effects rooting percent of processing in table 6 canopy
ANOVA showed significant, the age of two kinds of hormones and plugged ear to the influence of rooting rate on 1% level significantly, illustrate that hormone kind, matched combined and plugged ear age have appreciable impact to cuttage rooting, the age and the hormone kind that also draw plugged ear from analyze have interaction in the influence to rooting rate, being hormone concentration and media has different facilitations to the rooting rate of the plugged ear of all ages and classes, and perhaps this be because what of the plugged ear of all ages and classes storage somatotropin are different.
The situation 2.4 different stem segment cuttages are taken root
Cutting cut in 2011 and be cut into 4 kinds of tapers, middle part, bottom, base portion, carry out the cuttage trial test, portion and middle part rooting rate are extremely low slightly, substantially being zero, may be because branch taper and middle part are too young tender, easily dehydration after the cuttage, mismanagement in addition, the frequency of watering is inhomogeneous, makes plugged ear be in drought, waterlogging state frequently, so its cuttage effect is unsatisfactory.Selected the position of giving birth to then and give birth to last year of close branch bottom to do plugged ear when therefore carrying out cuttage in 2012.All as can be seen, give birth to (annual) rooting percent then and give birth to (biennial) rooting percent apparently higher than last year: the average rooting rate of the annual plugged ear of immersion treatment is 31.2%, and the average rooting rate of biennial plugged ear is 19.2% from Fig. 1,2; Speed is dipped in the average rooting rate 39.4% of handling annual plugged ear, and the average rooting rate of biennial cutting is 22.6%.
2.5 varying environment is to the influence of cuttage root-taking rate
By table 1, table 2 as can be seen, no matter be the plugged ear of immersion treatment or the plugged ear that speed is dipped in processing, the rooting rate of plugged ear is outside canopy in the canopy: the average rooting rate that the interior annual plugged ear speed of canopy is dipped in processing and immersion treatment is respectively 41.1%, 29.9%, and the average rooting rate that biennial plugged ear speed is dipped in processing and immersion treatment is respectively 25.6%, 16.2%; The average rooting rate that the outer annual plugged ear speed of canopy is dipped in processing and immersion treatment is respectively 37.7%, 30.4%, and the average rooting rate that biennial plugged ear speed is dipped in processing and immersion treatment is respectively 19.6%, 22.4%.
3 conclusions and discussion
3.1 conclusion
From this result of the test, the apocarya cuttage root-taking induces root initial body rooting type.The rooting rate of annual plugged ear is apparently higher than biennial plugged ear, cuttage survival rate in the booth is relatively higher than the field cuttage survival rate, the survival rate that speed is dipped in processing is relatively higher than the survival rate of immersion treatment, and growth regulator be combined as IBA600mg/kg, NAA900mg/kg the time rooting percent be up to 80%.
3.2 discuss
The rooting types influence of plugged ear is taken root, general adventive root initial body of transplanting a cutting is divided into the root initial body of hiding (or XianCheng's root initial body) and induces 2 kinds of root initial bodies by its formation time: the root initial body of hiding is grown early stage the generation in cutting, be in dormant state then, under control environment condition after the cuttage, just continue to grow the formation adventive root; Induce the root initial body and just form after cuttage, there is not the root original hase in cutting before cuttage.The adventitious root primordia of hiding rooting type is the strongest one type of plugged ear regeneration capacity, belongs to the type of easily taking root, and inducing root initial body rooting type is the type that difficulty is taken root, and this conforms to the phenomenon that apocarya cuttage difficulty survives.
The key of cutting survival is to take root, and studies show that, the different clone of different seeds and same seeds has nothing in common with each other to requirement and the dosage of plant growth regulator, and rationally the correct hormone that uses can improve rooting rate greatly.It is relevant with the factors such as environment of plant growth regulator kind and concentration height, seeds kind, kind, cuttage period, season, plugged ear age and cuttage whether cuttage can take root.The cuttage root-taking rate is apparently higher than field cuttage root-taking rate in the canopy, though can draw a just common booth thus, its effect also be can not ignore, booth provides a suitable local environment for the cuttage rooting process, play the effect of heat and moisture preserving, intercepted strong illumination simultaneously.Plugged ear speed is dipped in and is handled the rooting rate that rooting rate is higher than immersion treatment, can release thus, and the stimulation of the high concentration facilitation of taking root is bigger, and speed dips in processing and can save a large amount of time than immersion treatment, so it is comparatively suitable to adopt speed to dip in processing in the agricultural production.To sum up, for boosting productivity, suitable relatively method is carried out cuttage for adopting annual plugged ear speed in booth to dip in and handling in actual production.
Need to prove that this method and the immediate prior art main distinction that is published in October, 2006 " Xi'nan College of Forestry journal " are following six aspects:
The one, the present invention adopts annual and biennial branch, chooses bottom or base portion as plugged ear, and documents adopts 3 years living branches, and raw material is few, and rooting rate is low.
The 2nd, the present invention makes matrix with Tian Tuwei master on the spot, and documents is made matrix with perlite, low, the easy popularization of cuttage cost, and good water-retaining property, it is strong to survive when transplanting seedlings adaptability.
The 3rd, the most pair hormone mixed solutions that adopt of the application are that single hormone solution choice is big on a small quantity, more can excavate the hormone prescription of best rooting rate.
The 4th, the processing method difference of plugged ear, the existing immersion treatment of the present invention has speed to dip in processing again, low concentration make immersion treatment, for the time 12h, processing is dipped in losing no time of high concentration, for the time 20s, and annual and biennial the variable concentrations requirement arranged respectively, component also can some difference; Documents has only the immersion of 18h, and work efficiency is low, rooting rate is undesirable.
The 5th, cuttage condition difference, the present invention is plastic mulching, or with simple and easy steelframe booth or little short shed, cost is low, easily promotes; Documents is the green house cuttage.
The 6th, the rooting efficiency difference, best rooting rate of the present invention is up to 80%, and the best rooting rate of documents is 40%.
The collection phase that also it should be noted that plugged ear of the present invention is the last ten-days period in March of the Gregorian calendar, and this in the Northwest, Zhejiang, in the same way, can be extended to Zhejiang, area, Jiangsu to the test region.In a word the collection phase should be determined according to geographical position, the height above sea level of locality in various places.
The present invention draws the methodology that is suitable for the apocarya cuttage because being at the test of the systematicness of apocarya after the multifactor contrast, essence spirit that should this method is applicable to the cuttage of other seeds of walnut, hickory fully.
Claims (2)
1. thin cathay hickory hardwood cuttage method is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
(1) preparation of the somatotropin aqueous solution: the one, somatotropin soaks the preparation of the aqueous solution, is mixed with four kinds of somatotropin respectively with IBA0mg/kg+NAA75mg/kg or IBA75mg/kg+NAA75mg/kg or IBA300mg/kg+NAA150mg/kg or IBA300mg/kg+NAA75mg/kg and soaks the aqueous solution; The 2nd, somatotropin speed is dipped in the preparation of the aqueous solution, is mixed with four kinds of somatotropin respectively with IBA600mg/kg+NAA900mg/kg or IBA0mg/kg+NAA600mg/kg or IBA900mg/kg+NAA0mg/kg or IBA1200mg/kg+NAA600mg/kg and soaks the aqueous solution;
(2) preparation in cuttage seedbed: field soil is on the spot turned over, make the furrow of the high 25cm of being convenient to manage after the carbendazim sterilization with 550 times of dilutions, in the furrow soil with furrow soil: perlite: turn over after the volume ratio of vermiculite=4: 1: 1 is admixed, leveling, epiphragma, pour water in the furrow ditch before the cuttage, keep furrow soil moistening;
(3) collection of skewer fringe and processing: China Jiangsu, Zhejiang area select the cloudy day to gather annual or biennial branch of robust growth, no damage by disease and insect on the maternal plant at the Gregorian calendar last ten-days period in March, be placed on shady and cool place, take advantage of fresh, select bottom or the base portion of branch to be cut into the long plugged ear of 10-15cm, flat declivity on the otch, every plugged ear is stayed 2-3 full bud, and upper cut is the 2-4cm place above adjacent bud, therebetween crack-free;
(4) scaffolding: build simple and easy steelframe booth or little short shed;
(5) immersion of plugged ear or speed are dipped in processing: uprightly place the container that fills the somatotropin aqueous solution after many plugged ears are tied up, adopt the annual plugged ear of immersion way to select for use four kinds of somatotropin to soak preceding two kinds of the aqueous solution, biennially select back two kinds for use; Soak time 12h, solution did not have the above 3cm height of base portion; The annual plugged ear that adopts speed to dip in mode selects for use four kinds of somatotropin speed to dip in preceding two kinds of the aqueous solution, biennially selects back two kinds for use; Solution did not have the above 3cm height of base portion; Dip in liquid time 20s;
(6) cuttage: use the straight cutting method, inserting the native degree of depth is the 2/3-3/4 of cutting length, spacing in the rows 10cm, and line-spacing 15cm, real with hand;
(7) management after the cuttage: every two weeks, ground surface usefulness sprays 550 times carbendazim thimerosal after the cuttage; Took off the film ventilation daytime when temperature surpassed 25 ℃, and cover evening again; When illumination is strong, shelter from heat or light with shade net; 3-4 pours water in the furrow ditch when surface soil turns white after week, keeps ground moistening, and other management is Routine Management.
2. apocarya hardwood cuttage method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the somatotropin speed of somatotropin aqueous solution apolegamy IBA600mg/kg+NAA900mg/kg in the described step (1) is dipped in solution; Step is selected annotinous branch for use in (3), selects simple and easy steelframe booth in the step (4) for use, and step selects for use speed to dip in processing mode in (5).
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