CN102524041B - Method for planting salvia officinalis in hardness adherance - Google Patents
Method for planting salvia officinalis in hardness adherance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting salvia officinalis in hardness adherance, which belongs to the technical field of algae propagation. The method comprises the following steps of: pre-processing the adherance, preparing a seedling collection pond, preparing to plant algae, collecting seedlings, cultivating young seedlings, putting in a sea area and managing on the sea. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the salvia officinalis are directly planted on artificial reefs, stones or cement components, can be firmly combined on the surfaces of the artificial reefs, the stones or the cement components through adhesion accentuation trainings in stages and then can be put into sea water in a appropriate time, new branches of the salvia officinalis can be grown on the adherance year by year, the problems that the salvia officinalis are in resource exhaustion due to man-made damage and the year-to-year propagation for maintaining algae resources in the sea area are solved, the method plays a great role in environment modification, resource recovery and the like, and simultaneously, the operation is simple and convenient.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the algae reproduction technical field, relate to particularly a kind of method of planting sargassum thunbergii on the hard adherance.
Background technology:
Sargassum thunbergii [Sargassum thunbergii (Mert.) O.Kuntze] is the common marine alga in China coast intertidal zone.Since the mid-90 in 20th century, the using value of sargassum thunbergii is excavated out more and more.Especially in recent ten years, along with the rise of China's holothruian cultures industry, as the demand rapid growth of the sargassum thunbergii of sea cucumber high-quality bait.The in enormous quantities collection makes this just be on the verge of exhaustion with regard to limited sargassum thunbergii wild resource at initial several years, now can not meet the market demand far away.
The quick exhaustion of sargassum thunbergii wild resource is except too fast and less two reasons of resource of demand growth, also have an important reason---perennial sargassum thunbergii accrue that very finite sum is slow, and in gatherer process, the company's of being easy to rhizoid pulls up, cause whole strain (rhizoid) damage, can't produce new nutrition branch.Through observing, the process that gathers wild sargassum thunbergii can cause approximately 10～25% algae strain " to be uprooped ", and cumulative sequence year after year is very serious.
In the last few years, in order to tackle market demand and minimizing to the dependence of natural resources, China had tentatively grasped artificial breeding and the cultural technique of sargassum thunbergii, and for alleviating imbalance between supply and demand, alleviating provides hope to depending on unduly of wild resource to a certain extent.But but can't solve exhausted state and the resource recovery work of wild resource.This is because existing technology can only be used the adherance of flexible material making, such as the seedling curtain of the braidings such as coir rope, ribbon and even bamboo chip.This seedling curtain softness is easy to operate, is fit to mariculture, but can not uses for a long time, mostly can only use the several months, and therefore associated technique and technology can't be used for recovering the sargassum thunbergii resource at seabeach and oceanic pasture.
Because the plate-like rhizoid of sargassum thunbergii can only once adhere to successfully when fertilized egg beginning sprouts, can't second transplant.Adhere to later plate-like rhizoid and bear new nutrition branch from shank portion every year, the decline of festering after the coming year, spring and summer cut one's eye-teeth, at this time the vegetative shoot of new a batch has reached cms long.The plate-like rhizoid adheres to after can not transplanting again, determined sargassum thunbergii for many years the vimineous advantage of continuous separate also cannot utilize, therefore need the method for a kind of direct plantation on stone and the cement components, grow the purpose of long-term production and resource recovery to reaching once to plant.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method of planting sargassum thunbergii on the hard adherance, utilize the reproductive characteristic of sargassum thunbergii, directly plant sargassum thunbergii on the hard adherances such as artificial fish shelter, stone or cement components, can strong bonded on these material surfaces, then machine is rendered in seawater in due course, sargassum thunbergii can bear new branch year in year out on these adherances, solved as keeping the sea area algae resource problem of breeding year after year.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of on the hard adherance method of plantation sargassum thunbergii, comprise the following steps: the adherance pretreatment, prepare in the pond of collecting seedling, and plants that algae is prepared, collects seedling, seedling culture, throw in the sea area and marine the management;
Described adherance pretreatment is that external diameter is not more than the hard adherance of 1 meter, fresh water or sea water immersion before using more than 2d, and remove the attachment on adherance surface;
Prepare in the described pond of collecting seedling, and the pond of collecting seedling is positioned at canopy shape dish face workshop, and the canopy shape workshop of collecting seedling requires air penetrating, and illumination, temperature are suitable, and indoor light can reach 40～50% of outdoor natural light, comes regulating illumination by carrying additionally black braiding lace curtaining; The cement pit of the use of collecting seedling is sterilized and rinsed well with 5～10mg/L potassium permanganate solution, and the pond end of swing is put the adherance of handling well;
Described kind of algae prepared, select to grow healthy and strong, side shoot is many, to have more ripe receptacle and grow full, color and luster be that cervine sargassum thunbergii frond is as kind of an algae; Carry out dry in the shade stimulation before use, the method for dry in the shade stimulation is, will plant algae and be placed on circulation of air and spread standing 50～70min out in shady and cool place preferably, and dehydration rate is controlled at 50%～60%; Dry in the shade good kind algae first through cleaning, clear up harmful organisms and aufwuch;
Described collecting seedling, with the kind algae after dry in the shade stimulation, uniform spreading is placed on the adherance top in water body, intensity of illumination is 3000～4000lx, 22 ± 2 ℃ of water temperatures, be deposited on the adherance surface with regard to having abundant fertilized egg after 2～3d, shift out kind of an algae, keep changing the seedling culture stage over to after the former constant 2d that has ready conditions;
Described seedling culture is after the end of collecting seedling, through the spatfall phase of 2d, the water level of loweing, rinse adherance with current surperficial, lip-deep sediments and scattered algae branch are rinsed well, more than whole seedling culture phase in lasting 4 weeks, time is longer, and seedling is larger, more is conducive to final-period management and survives; Keep during this time water quality to upgrade, 22 ± 2 ℃ of water temperatures, illumination 4500～6000lx, and carry out daily cleaning; The seedling culture phase will be carried out emphatically adhesive force and be strengthened training, and intensive training is divided into following three phases;
Phase I: the spatfall phase finished for the 1st, 2 weeks, used compact submersible pump to supply water, and the not another plus-pressure of water inlet directly uses flexible pipe to rinse the adherance surface of spatfall, and maximum pressure is no more than 1Mpa, every two days 1 time;
Second stage: the spatfall phase finished for the 3rd, 4 weeks, used giant to rinse adherance surface and seedling, every day 1 time; According to seedling impact resistance situation, regulate pressure from low to high, maximum pressure is no more than 2Mpa;
Phase III: the spatfall phase uses giant to rinse adherance surface and seedling, every day 1 time before finishing the 5th thoughtful plunging into the commercial sea; According to seedling development and impact resistance situation, regulate pressure from low to high, maximum pressure is no more than 3Mpa;
Throw in described sea area and marine management is, seedling when indoor culture is above to the 5mm height, the input of plunging into the commercial sea of selecting a good opportunity; The time of throwing in is selected in morning or dusk, batch operation, and the operating time of plunging into the commercial sea is no more than 2h, keeps seedling moistening; Plunge into the commercial sea and rinse the cleaning surface deposits with giant 1～2 time weekly in rear 3 months, alleviate the sessile form animals and plants to the interference of seedling, until more than seedling grows to the 1.2cm height.
Further, described hard adherance be stone, oceanic pasture artificial fishing bank or cement components.
Further, described kind of algae in the cleaning after dry in the shade stimulation for after mixing by 0.1%～0.2% mass volume ratio with urea and seawater, described kind of algae of soaking flushing 5～10 minutes.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art:
The present invention takes full advantage of the reproductive characteristic of sargassum thunbergii, directly plant sargassum thunbergii on artificial fish shelter, stone or cement components, can strong bonded on these material surfaces, then machine is rendered in seawater in due course, sargassum thunbergii can bear new branch year in year out on these adherances, solved the sargassum thunbergii resource exhaustion that causes because of artificial destruction and for keeping the sea area algae resource problem of breeding year after year, huge in aspect effects such as environment remediation and resource recoveries, simultaneously simple, convenient.
The present invention is at hard adherance surface " directly plantation " sargassum thunbergii, carry out stage by stage adhesive force in the seedling culture later stage and strengthen training, the sargassum thunbergii of " plantation " firmly anchors on adherance by the plate-like rhizoid like this, the new nutrition branch of annual hair tonic, reach once collect seedling " plantation ", the purpose of growing continuously for many years.Be conducive in the seashore intertidal zone or oceanic pasture shallow water area propagation sargassum thunbergii.Solved and to have planted the difficult problem of sargassum thunbergii on the hard adherances such as stone, cement block.
The present invention is 3000～4000lx in the phase controlled light intensity of collecting seedling, and nurturing period 4500～6000lx can guarantee seedling development, can effectively contain again the interference of adhering to of mixed and disorderly algae.
Description of drawings:
Fig. a kind is grown successful stone
Sargassum thunbergii seedling (microspur) on Fig. 2 stone
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further explained.
A kind of on the hard adherance method of plantation sargassum thunbergii, comprise the following steps: the adherance pretreatment, prepare in the pond of collecting seedling, and plants that algae is prepared, collects seedling, seedling culture, throw in the sea area and marine the management;
1, adherance and pretreatment: the present embodiment adopts stone as adherance (as Fig. 1), before use through the sea water immersion of 2d.If more biological attachment thing is arranged on stone, can before immersion treatment or in the middle of twice immersion, use the method for chemistry or physics to remove surface attachments.Biological attachment chemistry of physical use method is processed: soak 5h with available chlorine 3mg/L disinfectant solution; The inanimate attachment is cleared up with physical method (electric tool).Above-mentioned physico-chemical process is processed later and is rinsed with giant, and with sea water immersion and flushing 2～3 times, guarantees that adherance does not have residual disinfectant.
2, prepare in the pond of collecting seedling: what the pond of collecting seedling was used is the cement pit that is positioned at canopy shape workshop, the workshop will keep air unobstructed, the workshop ceiling removes the part material with interval, the area of dismantling accounts between 1/4th to 1/3rd, add that the surrounding window opens wide, be conducive to Air Flow, avoid indoor temperature too high.Under such ceiling condition, indoor light can reach 40～50% of outdoor natural light, make at noon in sunny weather, the intensity of illumination on cement pit saliva plane reaches the most by force the intensity of illumination of 6000lx left and right, by carrying additionally the further fine tuning illumination of black braiding lace curtaining.Suitable low light of the phase of collecting seedling is according to (4000lx), and the nurturing period is slightly high by (4500～6000lx).
After cement pit will pass through cleaning, flushing, then more than using sea water immersion 2d, freshwater soaking 2 times will be first used in newly-built pond, more than each 5d.To use the sterilization of 5mg/L potassium permanganate before using, totally standby with seawater flushing at last.Collect seedling after the pond is ready to.With intensive the putting at the bottom of the pond of collecting seedling of stone of handling well, add seawater again, make the upper surface of stone not in underwater 35cm, adjust the outlet of scupper hose and highly keep this water level.Control a day quantity of exchanged water by the water yield of controlling water inlet, general control can exchange 2 times of whole actual water capacities at least in every day.
The seawater natural temperature of seeding collecting season can meet the requirements basically, does not need temperature equipment, but need to avoid because the temperature that causes in indoor overlong time rises.The pool inner water temperature mainly keeps relative stability by means of the appropriate water that changes, and it is obviously raise get final product, later stage just suitable enlargement discharge when sky heat.Testing omnidistance temperature maintains in 22 ± 2 ℃ of scopes.Sargassum thunbergii growth, reproductive process also all need suitable discharge condition, and suitable quantity of exchanged water provides more nutritive salt and keep pure and fresh environment for the sargassum thunbergii seedling.Quantity of exchanged water should be according to the heating and progressively improving gradually of developmental process and weather.
3, plant algae and prepare, select that side shoot is many, to have more ripe receptacle and grow full, color and luster be that cervine sargassum thunbergii frond is as kind of an algae.In appearance, form granular projection when the receptacle of female frond is surperficial, when the surface begins a large amount of secreting mucus, show that the ovum of sargassum thunbergii is ripe.Optimal collection opportunity is to have overworked the ovum that diffuses on indivedual algae strain receptacles.Select the kind algae of hanging ovum to collect seedling, can obviously shorten the time of collecting seedling.Carry out dry in the shade stimulation before use, the method for dry in the shade stimulation is, will plant algae be placed on circulation of air preferably shady and cool place spread out standing, duration 50min, dehydration rate is controlled at 50%～60%.Dry in the shade good kind algae first through cleaning, clear up harmful organisms and aufwuch.Need to prepare several large Plastic Drums, after mixing by 0.1% mass volume ratio with urea and seawater, soaking flushing kind algae 10 minutes so not only can play the effect of fertilising but also can play to the small animal that adheres on kind of algae the effect of expelling that kills and wounds.Kind algae after processing is used seawater flushing 1 time again;
4, collect seedling, with the kind algae after above-mentioned steps is processed, uniform spreading is placed on the stone top in water body.Also can adhere to the lip-deep extension ovum of receptacle characteristic due to the ovum of sargassum thunbergii after ejecting from receptacle, fertilized egg needs 24～36h to split away off from receptacle usually.This process is collected seedling exactly.
In the process of collecting seedling, often kind of an algae is stirred and shake and to accelerate fertilized egg and come off and make it and be evenly distributed on block faces as far as possible.After 3d, be deposited on the adherance surface with regard to having abundant fertilized egg, shift out gently kind of an algae, keep the former 2d that has ready conditions constant, namely change the seedling culture stage over to.During collecting seedling, water temperature in the time of 22 ℃, is controlled at the 4000lx left and right with illuminance; The method that adopts the black nylon net to hide ceiling when water temperature reaches 23～24 ℃ is reduced to 3000lx with light intensity, suppresses the procreation of the assorted algaes such as diatom;
5, seedling culture, after the end of collecting seedling, through the spatfall phase of 2d, sprouting and rhizoid that fertilized egg is completed the initial stage generate, and can be attached to preferably on stone, can stand necessary water impact.The water level of loweing rinses the adherance surface with current, and lip-deep sediments and scattered algae branch are rinsed well, guarantees that the seedling that has sprouted can access illumination, plays simultaneously adhering to of the assorted algae of prevention or set class animal, alleviates harmful animal.The whole seedling culture phase continued for 5 weeks, can reach 2mm during 3 week high.Keep during this time water quality to upgrade, 22 ± 2 ℃ of water temperatures, illumination 4500～6000lx also carry out daily cleaning; Seedling culture will carry out emphatically adhesive force and strengthen training, and intensive training is divided into following three phases:
First stage: the spatfall phase finishes rear the 1st, 2 weeks, and the use compact submersible pump supplies water, and the another plus-pressure of water inlet directly uses the adherance of flexible pipe flushing spatfall surperficial, every two days 1 time;
Second stage: in the 3rd, 4 weeks after the spatfall phase finishes, height of seedling can reach 2mm left and right (as shown in Figure 2).Use giant to rinse adherance surface and seedling, every day 1 time.According to growing and seedling impact resistance situation, regulate pressure from low to high, but maximum pressure is no more than 2Mpa;
Phase III: before the 5th thoughtful plunging into the commercial sea, use giant to rinse adherance surface and seedling, every day 1 time after the spatfall phase finishes.According to seedling impact resistance situation, regulate pressure from low to high, but maximum pressure is no more than 3Mpa;
6, throw in and marine management in the sea area: described sea area is thrown in marine management and is seedling, when indoor culture is above to 5mm, and the input of plunging into the commercial sea of selecting a good opportunity; The time of throwing in is selected in morning or dusk, batch operation, and the operating time of plunging into the commercial sea is no more than 2h, keeps seedling moistening; After plunging into the commercial sea, rinse the cleaning surface deposits with giant 1 time weekly in 3 months, alleviate the sessile form animals and plants to the interference of seedling, until more than seedling grows to the 1.2cm height.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a plantation sargassum thunbergii on the hard adherance is characterized in that comprising the following steps: the adherance pretreatment, and prepare in the pond of collecting seedling, and plants that algae is prepared, collects seedling, seedling culture, throw in the sea area and marine the management;
Described adherance pretreatment is that external diameter is not more than the hard adherance of 1 meter, fresh water or sea water immersion before using more than 2d, and remove the attachment on adherance surface;
Prepare in the described pond of collecting seedling, and the pond of collecting seedling is positioned at the canopy shape workshop of collecting seedling, and the canopy shape workshop of collecting seedling requires air penetrating, and illumination, temperature are suitable, and indoor light can reach 40～50% of outdoor natural light, comes regulating illumination by carrying additionally black braiding lace curtaining; The cement pit of the use of collecting seedling is sterilized and rinsed well with 5～10mg/L potassium permanganate solution, and the pond end of swing is put the adherance of handling well;
Described kind of algae prepared, select to grow healthy and strong, side shoot is many, to have more ripe receptacle and grow full, color and luster be that cervine sargassum thunbergii frond is as kind of an algae; Carry out dry in the shade stimulation before use, the method for dry in the shade stimulation is, will plant algae and be placed on circulation of air and spread standing 50～70min out in shady and cool place preferably, and dehydration rate is controlled at 50%～60%; Dry in the shade good kind algae first through cleaning, clear up harmful organisms and aufwuch;
Described collecting seedling, with the kind algae after dry in the shade stimulation, uniform spreading is placed on the adherance top in water body, intensity of illumination is 3000～4000lx, 22 ± 2 ℃ of water temperatures are deposited on the adherance surface with regard to having abundant fertilized egg after 2～3d, shift out kind of an algae, keep the former 2d that has ready conditions constant, namely change the seedling culture stage over to;
Described seedling culture is after the end of collecting seedling, through the spatfall phase of 2d, the water level of loweing, rinse adherance with current surperficial, lip-deep sediments and scattered algae branch are rinsed well, more than whole seedling culture phase in lasting 4 weeks, time is longer, and seedling is larger, more is conducive to final-period management and survives; Keep during this time water quality to upgrade, 22 ± 2 ℃ of water temperatures, illumination 4500～6000lx, and carry out daily cleaning; The seedling culture phase will be carried out emphatically adhesive force and be strengthened training, and intensive training is divided into following three phases;
First stage: the spatfall phase finished for the 1st, 2 weeks, used compact submersible pump to supply water, and the not another plus-pressure of water inlet directly uses flexible pipe to rinse the adherance surface of spatfall, and maximum pressure is no more than 1Mpa, every two days 1 time;
Second stage: the spatfall phase finished for the 3rd, 4 weeks, used giant to rinse adherance surface and seedling, every day 1 time; According to seedling impact resistance situation, regulate pressure from low to high, maximum pressure is no more than 2Mpa;
Phase III: the spatfall phase uses giant to rinse adherance surface and seedling, every day 1 time before finishing the 5th thoughtful plunging into the commercial sea; According to seedling development and impact resistance situation, regulate pressure from low to high, maximum pressure is no more than 3Mpa;
Throw in described sea area and marine management is, seedling when indoor culture is above to the 5mm height, the input of plunging into the commercial sea of selecting a good opportunity; The time of throwing in is selected in morning or dusk, batch operation, and the operating time of plunging into the commercial sea is no more than 2h, keeps seedling moistening; Plunge into the commercial sea and rinse the cleaning surface deposits with giant 1～2 time weekly in rear 3 months, alleviate the sessile form animals and plants to the interference of seedling, until more than seedling grows to the 1.2cm height.
2. a kind of method of planting sargassum thunbergii on the hard adherance according to claim 1, is characterized in that artificial fishing bank or cement components that described hard adherance is stone, oceanic pasture.
According to claim 1 a kind of on the hard adherance plantation sargassum thunbergii method, it is characterized in that described kind of algae in the cleaning after dry in the shade stimulation for after mixing by 0.1%～0.2% mass volume ratio with urea and seawater, described kind of algae of soaking flushing 5～10 minutes.
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| CN103004576A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-03 | 山东省海水养殖研究所 | Method for artificially cultivating Sargassum thunbergii in intertidal zones |
| CN103444505B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-12-02 | 山东省海水养殖研究所 | The method of a kind of sargassum thunbergii intertidal zone propagation |
| CN103843653A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-06-11 | 曾建 | High-quality high-yield seedling culture method of undaria pinnatifida |
| CN104488690A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Gracilaria seaweed algal turf repairing method |
| CN104542236B (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2016-07-06 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of wild Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae) artificial fecundation method |
| CN104521732A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-04-22 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Ecological restoration method of gracilaria algae |
| CN105993907B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2020-02-07 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Seedling collecting method and early cultivation method of sargassum thunbergii |
| CN106718813B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2020-05-01 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Slow-release fertilizer nutrition preparation suitable for sargassum thunbergii seedling collection attachment base |
| CN106718814B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-11-08 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of sargassum thunbergii seedling is collected seedling with attachment base and preparation method thereof |
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