CN102696302B - Teak low-chipper sprout-promotion rapid-propagation seed-growing method - Google Patents
Teak low-chipper sprout-promotion rapid-propagation seed-growing method Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a teak low-chipper sprout-promotion rapid-propagation seed-growing method. Seeds are soaked by lime water and gibberellin and then sowed, then seedlings are transplanted into a first nutrition substance container to cultivate mother seedlings to a stage when leaves are mutually overlapped, then the seedlings are graded and arranged according to certain planting space, when ground diameter of the mother seedlings is 0.4-0.8cm, the mother seedlings are planted into a plastic pot with a bottom support to be bred, wherein the mother seedlings are not separated from container cups, and second nutrition substance is arranged in the plastic pot. After 10-15 days, the mother seedlings are cut at a position where base parts of the mother seedling are close to the ground to promote sprouting, collecting cuttings and arranging the cuttings in a container cup provided with third nutrition substances in cottage mode, growing seedlings on an elevated seedling bed in a plastic greenhouse, controlling air temperature and relative humidity of a cottage bed by utilizing a greenhouse temperature and moisture adjuster, and thus obtaining teak container cottage seedlings. By means of the teak low-chipper sprout-promotion rapid-propagation seed-growing method, cottage branches are short, interval time of cutting collection is shortened, breeding efficiency is improved, field condition requirements of nursery gardens are not strict, management is convenient, cutting quality is easy to control, cottage survive rate is high, and economic benefit is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant Fast Asexual Propagation Technique field, relate to the short rapid seedling cultivation method of sprouting of the low chipping of a kind of teak.
Background technology
Teak (Tectona grandi s L.F.) belongs to a kind of fallen leaves or the half broad leaved and deciduous broad leaved arbor of Verenaceae (Vcrbenaceae) Tectona (Tectona).Teak heartwood ratio is large, be crineous, extremely pest-resistant, utmost point corrosion resistant, water-fast, fire-resistant, does not stick up and does not split dry wet variation in obvious situation, very easily processing, decorative pattern is beautiful, and purposes is very extensive, can manufacture noble furniture, veneer, plywood, for shipbuilding, vehicle, sleeper, electric pole, instrument chamber, piano and organ shell etc., be one of timber of the optimum preciousness of generally acknowledging in the world.China distributes without teak natural forest, and forest plantation area is less, every year will be from a large amount of teak log of external import.At present, the large a tree, used in making timber for boats of Burma's teak has risen to 10000～14000 yuan/m3.And the unusual suitable planting Teak Plantation in the tropical South Subtropical Area of China of China, the prospect of development teak forestry is very wide.In October, 2010 < < Guangxi rare tree development plan (2011～the year two thousand twenty) > > is by experts' evaluation and put into practice, and teak is one of seeds of wherein giving priority to.
Because China distributes without teak natural forest, forest plantation area is also less, alternative good elite stand resource is very limited, gather seed very difficult, limited the scale of sexual propagation, and offspring's variability of sexual propagation is larger, be unfavorable for the heredity of fine quality and preserve, so adopt vegetative propagation, be the important means that solves the shortage of teak breeding.
At present, for teak vegetative propagation more be that tissue is cultivated.Because tissue cultivation production cost is higher, specification requirement is high, is difficult to extensive popularization.The present invention, through evidence for many years, plants teak maternal plant in plastic basin, carries out low chipping and urgees to sprout, not tight to the soil conditional request in nursery, conveniently manages, easily controls fringe bar quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency for traditional cottage propagation and tissue cultivation vegetative propagation technique, aim to provide the short rapid seedling cultivation method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak.
Object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The short rapid seedling cultivation method of sprouting of the low chipping of a kind of teak, comprise seed treatment, female Miao Peiyu, maternal plant plantation, maternal plant management, gather fringe bar, cuttage and management operation, it is wait levying: after adopting limewash and gibberellin to soak seed, sow, then transplant seedlings to and in nutrient matrix I container, cultivate female seedling and when blade blocks mutually, carry out seedling sorting, and put by certain seeding row spacing, when female seedling leading thread is 0.4～0.8cm, not shelling container cup plants in nutrient matrix II is provided with the plastic basin of rebasing holder and grows seedlings, plant after 10～15 days and in maternal plant base portion place near the ground, block and urge to sprout, collect tloig-cutlage in the container cup of nutrient matrix III is housed, place on the overhead seedling bed in plastic tunnel and grow seedlings, and with booth air temperature and humidity regulator, control air themperature and the relative moisture of cutting bed, obtain teak container cutting propagation seedling.
The short quick-breeding method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak adopts following steps:
(1) female Miao Peiyu
1. seed treatment: soak seed with limewash and gibberellin late March～mid-April.
2. sowing: seed uniform broadcasting, in husky bed, is jammed on plank, seed 1/4～1/3 is sunk in sand, Gai Sha, does not shade, keeps sand moistening, and fine day needs early, middle and late respectively watering 1 time.
3. female Miao Yizhi: during the high 5～6cm of seedling on husky bed, transplant in be equipped with nutrient matrix I wide * height is in 10～12cm * 12～14cm plastic containers cup, drenches normal root water, coverage shading net.
4. female Miao Guanli: Nursery stock transplanting, after 15～20 days, is removed shading screen.Every 15 days, drench and execute 0.5～1.0% compound rich water liquid one time.When nursery stock blade blocks mutually after 50～60 days, carry out seedling sorting management.
(2) maternal plant plantation: plant healthy and strong female seed plantation nutrition base II matter is housed is provided with in the plastic basin of rebasing holder August～October.
(3) cross-term is short sprouts: plant after 10～15 days, by profit, cut and in maternal plant base portion place near the ground, block short sprouting.
(4) maternal plant management: gather after fringe bar spray plant growth hormone first according to a conventional method, then Lin Shi0.2～0.5% composite fertilizer's liquid manure, is finally completely cured 1 time; Collection fringe bar is being carried the edge of the former plastic containers cup of maternal plant for first 5 days and is being shaken on one side and revolve and turn around gently on one side; Annual early October gathers last branch, and late November blocks apart from 3cm place, ground in maternal plant base portion, covered with plastic film after the water of drenching, and surrounding seals with soil compaction, raises film once every 1 month later, waters, sprays microbial inoculum.In March～April, when maternal plant starts to take out sprouting, remove plastic film.
(5) fringe bar gathers: the branch base portion of trying one's best is cut clip branch by profit.
(6) tloig-cutlage: be made into 400～600ppm solution with special-purpose root-inducing powder, add talcum powder to stir into pulpous state, to after the quickly dipped root-inducing powder of section under cuttings slurry, insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that 8～12 * 10～14cm is equipped with nutrient matrix III, be placed on the overhead seedling bed in plastic tunnel pouring normal root water after cuttage completes.
(7) seedlings plugging management: in cuttage in green house in 5～October, must shade with shading screen, and use booth air temperature and humidity regulator to make temperature in cutting bed remain on 30～35 ℃, relative air humidity remains on 80～90%, every 7 days, open film ventilation, check cuttage rooting situation, fallen leaves, deadwood, diseased plant etc. are picked up totally, with 0.1%～0.15% carbendazim or zineb, add 0.1%～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea or large fertile king, mix rear spray cuttings blade, after 0.5h, reseal film.After 20～30 days, cuttage rooting is stable, container seedling must be shifted out from plastic tunnel, with shading screen, shades, and before 11 of mornings, open shading screen at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination, after 20 days, can put shading screen away, illumination completely, prepares out garden afforestation.
Above-described limewash with the method that gibberellin soaks seed is: in vat or drum, put into the white lime identical with seed weight, then adding weight is the clear water of 10～13 times, seed, with wooden stick, stirs.By length, be cloth bag or woven bag or the mesh bag dress seed of 80～100cm, the wide 40～60cm of being, 1 packedly enters 5～10 kilograms, seed, after tying sack, be soaked in limewash, repeatedly stir, limewash is immersed in sack, finally on sack, spread the thin lime of one deck, and press the weights such as stone or brick, sack is soaked in limewash completely.Stir sack every day one time, and stir limewash with wooden stick.After 5～10 days, pull out seed with clear water rush Xian clean after, then with 100～200mg/L gibberellin immersion 2～8 hours.
The nutrient matrix I of above-described female Miao Yizhi is 10 parts of yellow soils, 5～10 parts of wooden chaffs, 0.5～1 part of stack retting pig manure; Described stack retting pig manure must carry out in August～October, and with 10 parts of pig manures, 1 part, fused calcium magnesium phosphate mixes, with plastic film cover, sealing, the surrounding ditch that begins to rehearse, soaks with rainwater-proof, after 30～40 days, can use.
Above-described female seedling differentiated control is female seedling to be divided into leading thread be less than pressed seedling and the leading thread that 0.2cm, footpath bar can not be upright and be more than or equal to 2 ranks in strong sprout of 0.2cm, separately puts, and seeding row spacing is 15cm * 15cm.
The containers size of above-described maternal plant plantation is that back cut diameter is that 12～17cm, lower port diameter are the round plastic basin that 10～15cm, height are 10～15cm, is uniformly distributed several apertures at the bottom of basin, pads a collet.
The plantation nutrient matrix II of above-described maternal plant plantation is 10 parts of yellow soils, 2～5 parts of ceramsite sands, 2～5 parts of wooden chaffs, finally spreads on the whole one deck haydite again.
It is that leading thread is 0.4～0.8cm that the nursery stock that above-described maternal plant plantation is selected requires, healthy growth, vigorous, when the method for maternal plant plantation is plantation, do not shell plastic containers cup, after planting, cover nutrient matrix II height equal with container rim of a cup, can not exceed the nutrient matrix I in cup.
It is to block apart from 1～5cm place, ground in maternal plant base portion that above-described truncation is urged to sprout method.
The method of the spray plant growth hormone of above-described maternal plant management is at the basic element of cell division that sprays 50～100ppm that afternoon that gathers fringe bar.
The requirement of above-described fringe bar collection is the long 6～12cm of branch, and the thick 0.2～0.4cm in base portion footpath, has 2～3 joints, and blade turns to be yellow slightly.
The proportioning of the nutrient matrix III of above-described tloig-cutlage is 0.5～1 part of 10 parts of yellow soils, 10～20 parts of coconut palm chaffs, perlite or 0.5～1 part of ceramsite sand, carbonization wood chaff.
The present invention has the following advantages with respect to existing technology:
1, the short quick-breeding method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak of the present invention, soaks with limewash and gibberellin speed of germination, regularity and the germination rate that seed can improve teak seed.
2, the short quick-breeding method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak of the present invention, the nutrient matrix I that female Miao Yizhi is used is 0.5～1 part of the pig manure that 10 parts of yellow soils, 10 parts of wooden chaffs, stack retting are good, this provides sufficient base manure for female Miao Shengchang, and root system is also more flourishing, 2～3 months heights of seedling of female Miao Shengchang can reach 20～40cm.
3, the low chipping of teak of the present invention is short sprouts quick-breeding method, during hardening, female seedling, by seeding row spacing, is that 15cm * 15cm puts, and this makes female seedling growing space larger, and illumination abundance, 8～September, leading thread can reach 0.4～0.8cm then.
4, the low chipping of teak of the present invention is short sprouts quick-breeding method, and maternal plant is planted in plastic basin, and pads a collet, can prevent that maternal plant root system from pricking undergroundly, effectively limit the growth potential of maternal plant, avoid that branch grows too thick, children is tender, simultaneously not high to site requirements, seedling cost is lower.It is that leading thread is 0.4～0.8cm that the nursery stock that maternal plant plantation is selected requires, and guarantees that the branch that maternal plant is extracted out can be too not thin and delicate, also can be too not thick.During plantation, do not shell plastic containers cup, plant rear height to earth up equal with container rim of a cup, can not exceed the matrix in cup, do not shell the growth that cup can be controlled maternal plant better, prevent the steep long shoot of pumping; Plant rear height to earth up and do not exceed the matrix in cup, during convenient collection fringe bar, press close to fringe bar base portion, because the former Quito of the root of fringe bar concentrates on base portion, so more easily take root.
5, the short quick-breeding method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak of the present invention, the nutrient matrix of maternal plant plantation is 10 parts of yellow soils, 2～5 parts of ceramsite sands, 2～5 parts of wooden chaffs, be conducive to control moisture, nutritional condition and the ventilative situation of matrix, control fringe bar quality, spread on the whole in addition that one deck haydite can prevent trickle or when rainy matrix spill, also play the effect of moisturizing simultaneously.
6, the short quick-breeding method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak of the present invention, it is to block apart from 1～5cm place, ground in maternal plant base portion that truncation is urged to sprout method, because section is low, can promote maternal plant to sprout quickly sprouting, branch is also grown comparatively fast, and the childrenization effect that low level cuts bar is best, and fringe bar is the most easily taken root.
7, the short quick-breeding method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak of the present invention, the method for maternal plant management spray plant growth hormone is at the basic element of cell division that sprays 50～100ppm that afternoon that gathers fringe bar, can impel maternal plant to sprout more sproutings, thereby improve the spike number amount of adopting.
8, the short quick-breeding method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak of the present invention, maternal plant management the method for being completely cured be in gather edge that fringe bar carrying the former plastic containers cup of maternal plant for first 5 days on one side gently shake revolve and turn around on one side, can pull apart the capillary root of maternal plant, hinder the absorption of root system to moisture content and nutrition, promote the lignification of branch.
9, the short quick-breeding method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak of the present invention, the requirement of fringe bar collection is the long 6～12cm of branch, shorter than the branch of general epicormic branch cuttage, can shorten the interval time that fringe bar gathers, and improves reproductive efficiency.
10, the short quick-breeding method of sprouting of the low chipping of teak of the present invention, maternal plant management pass the winter method be annual late November maternal plant covered with plastic film after water of drenching, surrounding seals with soil compaction, this can prevent that maternal plant is subject to cold damage and death in the winter time, and can do sth. in advance the time of maternal plant rudiment in spring in the coming year.
Specific embodiment:
By specific embodiment given below, can further be well understood to the present invention, but they not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
By gathering the seed of returning, 3 last ten-days period, start to process seed, put into the lime identical with seed weight in vat or drum, then adding weight is the clear water of 10 times, lime, with wooden stick, stirs.By length, be 80cm, be widely the cloth bag of 40cm, woven bag or mesh bag dress seed, 1 bag 5 kilograms, be soaked in limewash after tying sack, repeatedly stir, limewash is immersed in sack, finally on sack, press the weights such as stone or brick, sack is soaked in limewash completely.Stir sack every day one time, and stir limewash with wooden stick.Soak after 5 days, pull seed out and repeatedly rinse well with clear water, drip-dry water, soaks after 12 hours with 100mg/L gibberellin, seed uniform broadcasting, in husky bed, is jammed on plank, seed 1/4 is sunk in sand, not Gai Sha, do not shade, keep sand moistening, fine day needs early, middle and late respectively watering 1 time.During the high 5～6cm of seedling on husky bed, transplant in wide for 12cm, the high plastic containers cup for 14cm in, nutrient matrix I is 10 parts of yellow soils, 10 parts of wooden chaffs, 1 part of stack retting pig manure, plants rear pouring normal root water, coverage shading net.After Nursery stock transplanting 20 days, remove shading screen, every 15 days, drench and execute 0.5% compound rich water liquid one time.When nursery stock blade blocks mutually after 50 days, carry out seedling sorting, female seedling is divided into leading thread and is less than pressed seedling and the leading thread that 0.2cm, footpath bar can not be upright and is more than or equal to 2 ranks in strong sprout of 0.2cm, separately put, seeding row spacing is 15cm * 15cm.Be 0.4cm by leading thread August, it is that 12cm, lower port diameter are that 10cm, height are the round plastic basin of 10cm that healthy growth, vigorous female seed are planted back cut diameter, collet of the low pad of basin, during plantation, do not shell plastic containers cup, after planting, being covered with nutrient matrix II is 10 parts of yellow soils, husky 6 parts of haydite, 2 parts of wooden chaffs, finally spread on the whole one deck haydite, nutrient matrix II height is equal with container rim of a cup, can not exceed the matrix in cup.Plant after 15 days, by profit, cut in maternal plant base portion and block short sprouting apart from 1cm place, ground.As the long 6cm of branch, the thick 0.2cm in base portion footpath, while having 2 joints, can gather cuttage, at the basic element of cell division that sprays 50ppm that afternoon that gathers fringe bar, gather after fringe bar and within the 2nd day, drench and execute 0.5% compound rich water liquid one time, Yi Bian Yi Bian shake to revolve gently in the edge that gathers fringe bar and carrying for first 5 days the former plastic containers cup of maternal plant and turn around.With special-purpose root-inducing powder, be made into 400ppm solution, add talcum powder to stir into pulpous state, by after the quickly dipped root-inducing powder of section under cuttings slurry, insert in wide for 8cm, high for 10cm, be equipped with in the nonwoven mesh bag of 10 parts of yellow soils, 10 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 0.5 part of perlite, 0.5 part of nutrient matrix III of carbonization wood chaff, be placed on the overhead seedling bed in plastic tunnel pouring normal root water after cuttage completes.In cuttage in green house in May, must shade with shading screen, and using booth air temperature and humidity regulator to make temperature in cutting bed remain on 30～35 ℃, relative air humidity remains on 80～90%, opens film ventilation every 7 days, check cuttage rooting situation, fallen leaves, deadwood, diseased plant etc. are picked up totally, then use 0.1% carbendazim, add 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix rear spray cuttings blade, after 0.5h, reseal film.After 20 days, cuttage rooting is stable, and container seedling is shifted out from plastic tunnel, shades, and with shading screen before 11 of mornings, opens shading screen at 4 in afternoon later, allows seedling adapt to gradually illumination, after 20 days, can put shading screen away, and illumination completely, prepares out garden afforestation.Cuttage survival rate reaches 90.8%.
Embodiment 2
By gathering the seed of returning, 4 the first tenday period of a month, start to process seed, put into the lime identical with seed weight in vat or drum, then adding weight is the clear water of 12 times, lime, with wooden stick, stirs.By length, be 90cm, be widely the cloth bag of 50cm, woven bag or mesh bag dress seed, 1 bag 8 kilograms, be soaked in limewash after tying sack, repeatedly stir, limewash is immersed in sack, finally on sack, press the weights such as stone or brick, sack is soaked in limewash completely.Stir sack every day one time, and stir limewash with wooden stick.Soak after 8 days, pull seed out and repeatedly rinse well with clear water, drip-dry water, soaks after 9 hours with 150mg/L gibberellin, seed uniform broadcasting, in husky bed, is jammed on plank, seed 1/3 is sunk in sand, not Gai Sha, do not shade, keep sand moistening, fine day needs early, middle and late respectively watering 1 time.During the high 5～6cm of seedling on husky bed, transplant in wide for 10cm, the high plastic containers cup for 12cm in, nutrient matrix I is 10 parts of yellow soils, 5 parts of wooden chaffs, 0.5 part of stack retting pig manure, plants rear pouring normal root water, coverage shading net.After Nursery stock transplanting 18 days, remove shading screen, every 15 days, drench and execute 0.8% compound rich water liquid one time.When nursery stock blade blocks mutually after 50 days, carry out seedling sorting, female seedling is divided into leading thread and is less than pressed seedling and the leading thread that 0.2cm, footpath bar can not be upright and is more than or equal to 2 ranks in strong sprout of 0.2cm, separately put, seeding row spacing is 15cm * 15cm.Be 0.6cm by leading thread September, it is that 15cm, lower port diameter are that 13cm, height are the round plastic basin of 13cm that healthy growth, vigorous female seed are planted back cut diameter, collet of the low pad of basin, nutrient matrix II is 10 parts of yellow soils, 4 parts of ceramsite sands, 3 parts of wooden chaffs, finally spread on the whole one deck haydite, during plantation, do not shell plastic containers cup, plant rear height to earth up equal with container rim of a cup, can not exceed the matrix in cup.Plant after 12 days, by profit, cut in maternal plant base portion and block short sprouting apart from 2.5cm place, ground.When branch is about 7cm, the thick about 0.3cm in base portion footpath, while having 2 joints, can gather cuttage, at the basic element of cell division that sprays 80ppm that afternoon that gathers fringe bar, gather after fringe bar and within the 2nd day, drench and execute 0.4% compound rich water liquid one time, Yi Bian Yi Bian shake to revolve gently in the edge that gathers fringe bar and carrying for first 5 days the former plastic containers cup of maternal plant and turn around.With special-purpose root-inducing powder, be made into 500ppm solution, add talcum powder to stir into pulpous state, by after the quickly dipped root-inducing powder of section under cuttings slurry, insert in wide for 10cm, high for 12cm, be equipped with in the nonwoven mesh bag of 10 parts of yellow soils, 15 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 0.8 part of perlite, 0.8 part of nutrient matrix III of carbonization wood chaff, be placed on the overhead seedling bed in plastic tunnel pouring normal root water after cuttage completes.In cuttage in green house in August, must shade with shading screen, and using booth air temperature and humidity regulator to make temperature in cutting bed remain on 30～35 ℃, relative air humidity remains on 80～90%, opens film ventilation every 7 days, check cuttage rooting situation, fallen leaves, deadwood, diseased plant etc. are picked up totally, then use 0.15% zineb, add 0.15% urea, mix rear spray cuttings blade, after 0.5h, reseal film.After 30 days, cuttage rooting is stable, container seedling must be shifted out from plastic tunnel, with shading screen, shades, and before 11 of mornings, open shading screen at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination, after 20 days, can put shading screen away, illumination completely, prepares out garden afforestation.Cuttage survival rate reaches 95.3%.
Embodiment 3
By gathering the seed of returning, 4 the middle ten days, start to process seed, put into the lime identical with seed weight in vat or drum, then adding weight is the clear water of 13 times, lime, with wooden stick, stirs.By length, be 100cm, be widely the cloth bag of 60cm, woven bag or mesh bag dress seed, 1 bag 10 kilograms, be soaked in limewash after tying sack, repeatedly stir, limewash is immersed in sack, finally on sack, press the weights such as stone or brick, sack is soaked in limewash completely.Stir sack every day one time, and stir limewash with wooden stick.Soak after 10 days, pulling seed out rinses well repeatedly with clear water, drip-dry water, with 200mg/L gibberellin, soak after 6 hours seed uniform broadcasting in husky bed, with plank, jam on, seed 1/4～1/3 is sunk in sand, Gai Sha not, do not shade, keep sand moistening, fine day needs early, middle and late respectively watering 1 time.During the high 5～6cm of seedling on husky bed, transplant in wide for 11cm, the high plastic containers cup for 13cm in, nutrient matrix I is 10 parts of yellow soils, 8 parts of wooden chaffs, 0.8 part of stack retting pig manure, plants rear pouring normal root water, coverage shading net.After Nursery stock transplanting 15～20 days, remove shading screen, every 15 days, drench and execute 1.0% compound rich water liquid one time.When nursery stock blade blocks mutually after 58 days, carry out seedling sorting, female seedling is divided into leading thread and is less than pressed seedling and the leading thread that 0.2cm, footpath bar can not be upright and is more than or equal to 2 ranks in strong sprout of 0.2cm, separately put, seeding row spacing is 15cm * 15cm.Be 0.8cm by leading thread October, it is that 17cm, lower port diameter are that 15cm, height are the round plastic basin of 15cm that healthy growth, vigorous female seed are planted back cut diameter, collet of the low pad of basin, nutrient matrix II is 10 parts of yellow soils, 2 parts of ceramsite sands, 5 parts of wooden chaffs, finally spread on the whole one deck haydite, during plantation, do not shell plastic containers cup, plant rear height to earth up equal with container rim of a cup, can not exceed the matrix in cup.Plant after 11 days, by profit, cut in maternal plant base portion and block short sprouting apart from 3.5cm place, ground.When branch is about 12cm, the thick about 0.4cm in base portion footpath, while having 3 joints, can gather cuttage, at the basic element of cell division that sprays 100ppm that afternoon that gathers fringe bar, gather after fringe bar and within the 2nd day, drench and execute 0.2% compound rich water liquid one time, Yi Bian Yi Bian shake to revolve gently in the edge that gathers fringe bar and carrying for first 5 days the former plastic containers cup of maternal plant and turn around.With special-purpose root-inducing powder, be made into 600ppm solution, add talcum powder to stir into pulpous state, by after the quickly dipped root-inducing powder of section under cuttings slurry, insert in wide for 12cm, high for 14cm, be equipped with in the nonwoven mesh bag of 10 parts of yellow soils, 20 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of nutrient matrix III of carbonization wood chaff, be placed on the overhead seedling bed in plastic tunnel pouring normal root water after cuttage completes.In cuttage in green house in October, must shade with shading screen, and using booth air temperature and humidity regulator to make temperature in cutting bed remain on 30～35 ℃, relative air humidity remains on 80～90%, opens film ventilation every 7 days, check cuttage rooting situation, fallen leaves, deadwood, diseased plant etc. are picked up totally, then use 0.1% carbendazim, add 0.2% large fertile king, mix rear spray cuttings blade, after 0.5h, reseal film.After 26 days, cuttage rooting is stable, container seedling must be shifted out from plastic tunnel, with shading screen, shades, and before 11 of mornings, open shading screen at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination, after 20 days, can put shading screen away, illumination completely, prepares out garden afforestation.Cuttage survival rate reaches 97.0%.
Claims (5)
1. the low chipping of teak is short sprouts a rapid seedling cultivation method, comprises female Miao Peiyu, maternal plant plantation, cuts that bar is shortly sprouted, maternal plant management, the collection of fringe bar, cuttage and management operation, and it is waited to levy and is: adopt following operating procedure:
(1) female Miao Peiyu
1. seed treatment: soak seed with limewash and gibberellin late March～mid-April;
2. sowing: seed uniform broadcasting, in husky bed, is jammed on plank, seed 1/4～1/3 is sunk in sand, Gai Sha, does not shade, keeps sand moistening, and fine day needs early, middle and late respectively watering 1 time;
3. female Miao Yizhi: during the high 5～6cm of seedling on husky bed, transplant in be equipped with nutrient matrix I wide * height is in 10～12cm * 12～14cm plastic containers cup, drenches normal root water, coverage shading net;
4. female Miao Guanli: Nursery stock transplanting, after 15～20 days, is removed shading screen, drenched and executes 0.5～1.0% compound rich water liquid one time every 15 days, carried out seedling sorting management when nursery stock blade blocks mutually after 50～60 days;
(2) maternal plant plantation: it is that leading thread is 0.4～0.8cm that the nursery stock of selecting for 8～October requires, healthy growth, vigorous, when being plantation, the method for maternal plant plantation do not shell plastic containers cup, plantation is provided with in the plastic basin of rebasing holder to plantation nutrient matrix II is housed, plant rear covering nutrient matrix II, cover height and nursery stock container rim of a cup maintain an equal level, and can not exceed the nutrient matrix I in nursery stock container cup; Described plastic basin specification is that back cut diameter is that diameter is the high 10～15cm of being of 10～15cm, basin at the bottom of 12～17cm, basin, and several apertures are evenly set at the bottom of basin;
(3) cutting bar urgees to sprout: plant after 10～15 days, by profit, cut in maternal plant base portion near the ground and block short sprouting;
(4) maternal plant management: fringe bar spray plant growth hormone first after gathering, then drench composite fertilizer's liquid manure of executing 0.2～0.5%, be finally completely cured 1 time; Fringe bar gather within first 5 days, carrying the former plastic containers cup of maternal plant edge on one side gently shake revolve and turn around on one side; Annual early October gathers last branch, late November blocks apart from 3cm place, ground in maternal plant base portion, the covered with plastic film after water of drenching, surrounding seals with soil compaction, every 1 month, raise film once later, water, spray microbial inoculum, when maternal plant starts to take out sprouting, remove plastic film March～April;
(5) fringe bar gathers: gather long 6～12cm, the thick 0.2～0.4cm in base portion footpath, has 2～3 joints, and blade is the branch of jaundice slightly, and the branch base portion of trying one's best is cut clip branch by profit;
(6) tloig-cutlage: be made into 400～600ppm solution with special-purpose root-inducing powder, add talcum powder to stir into pulpous state, to after the quickly dipped root-inducing powder of section under cuttings slurry, insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that 8～12 * 10～14cm is equipped with nutrient matrix III, be placed on the overhead seedling bed in plastic tunnel pouring normal root water after cuttage completes;
(7) seedlings plugging management: in cuttage in green house in 5～October, must shade with shading screen, and use booth air temperature and humidity regulator to make temperature in cutting bed remain on 30～35 ℃, relative air humidity remains on 80～90%, every 7 days, open film ventilation, check cuttage rooting situation, fallen leaves, deadwood, diseased plant are picked up totally, carbendazim with 0.1%～0.15% or zineb, add 0.1%～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea, mix rear spray cuttings blade, after 0.5h, reseal film; After 20～30 days, cuttage rooting is stable, and container seedling is shifted out from plastic tunnel, with shading screen, shades, and before 11 of mornings, open shading screen at 4 in afternoon later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination, after 20 days, can put shading screen away, illumination completely, prepares out garden afforestation;
Described limewash with the method that gibberellin soaks seed is: in vat or drum, put into the white lime identical with seed weight, then adding weight is the clear water of 10～13 times, seed, with wooden stick, stir, by length, be 80～100cm, wide is cloth bag or woven bag or the mesh bag dress seed of 40～60cm, every packed 5～10 kilograms, seed that enters, after tying sack, be soaked in limewash, repeatedly stir, limewash is immersed in sack, finally on sack, spread the thin lime of one deck, and press stone or brick weight, make sack be soaked in limewash completely, stir sack every day one time, and stir limewash with wooden stick, after 5～10 days, pull out seed with clear water rush Xian clean after, with 100～200mg/L gibberellin, soak 2～8 hours again,
Described seedling sorting management method is female seedling to be divided into leading thread be less than pressed seedling and the leading thread that 0.2cm, footpath bar can not be upright and be more than or equal to 2 ranks in strong sprout of 0.2cm, separately puts, and seeding row spacing is 15cm * 15cm.
2. the low chipping of Ju teak claimed in claim 1 is short sprouts rapid seedling cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the nutrient matrix I of described female Miao Yizhi is 10 parts of yellow soils, 5～10 parts of wooden chaffs, 0.5～1 part of stack retting pig manure; Described stack retting pig manure must carry out in August～October, and with 10 parts of pig manures, 1 part, fused calcium magnesium phosphate mixes, with plastic film cover, sealing, the surrounding ditch that begins to rehearse, stack retting is used for 30～40 days afterwards.
3. the low chipping of Ju teak claimed in claim 1 is short sprouts rapid seedling cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the plantation nutrient matrix II of described maternal plant plantation is 10 parts of yellow soils, 2～5 parts of ceramsite sands, 2～5 parts of wooden chaffs, finally spreads on the whole one deck haydite again.
4. the low chipping of Ju teak claimed in claim 1 is short sprouts rapid seedling cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the proportioning of the nutrient matrix III of described tloig-cutlage is 0.5～1 part of 10 parts of yellow soils, 10～20 parts of coconut palm chaffs, perlite or 0.5～1 part of ceramsite sand, carbonization wood chaff.
5. the low chipping of Ju teak claimed in claim 1 is short sprouts rapid seedling cultivation method, it is characterized in that: the short method of sprouting of described section bar is to block apart from 1～5cm place, ground in maternal plant base portion.
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