CN103314791B - Grafting method for promoting early fruiting of pterocarpus santalinus - Google Patents
Grafting method for promoting early fruiting of pterocarpus santalinus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103314791B CN103314791B CN201310247404.6A CN201310247404A CN103314791B CN 103314791 B CN103314791 B CN 103314791B CN 201310247404 A CN201310247404 A CN 201310247404A CN 103314791 B CN103314791 B CN 103314791B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting method for promoting early fruiting of pterocarpus santalinus. The pterocarpus santalinus is grafted onto a pterocarpus indicus plant, growing development and early fruiting of the pterocarpus santalinus are promoted by the aid of the characteristics of high water and fertilizer absorption capacity and rapid growth of pterocarpus indicus, so that the situation of pterocarpus santalinus seed shortage is rapidly relieved, and the ever-increasing active demand of China for pterocarpus santalinus seeds and seedlings is met. By the grafting method, growth of the pterocarpus santalinus can be accelerated, and the initial fruiting period of the pterocarpus santalinus is remarkably shortened.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high quality tree species and breed field, be specifically related to a kind ofly promote red sandalwood to do sth. in advance solid grafting method.
Background technology
Red sandalwood (
pterocarpus santalinusl.) another name red sandalwood, red wingceltis, purple elm, acid branch tree have another name called leaflet red sandalwood at present on timber and nursery stock market, are Papilionaceae (Papilionaceae) Pterocarpus deciduous tree, and its height of tree can reach 20m, more than the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground can reach 50cm.Red sandalwood heartwood is purplish red black or aubergine, and tool speckle, solid hard weight, wooden exquisiteness, texture are beautiful, stability and good toughness, be easy to processing, can be rated as the outstanding person in redwood, on international timber market, extremely sell well.China's period of Ming and Qing, many red sandalwood furniture or carving priceless or priceless treasure were all made with red sandalwood timber.And red sandalwood is spent and tender leaf is edible, bark and trunk can extract natural gum, as astringent treatment diarrhoea and dysentery, also can do diuretic, and its myron is as natural dye and for religious rites.
Red sandalwood happiness light, not resistance to hidden, dry heat resistance weather, and ability-1 DEG C, cold-resistant compared with India red sandalwood.It is not harsh to the requirement of soil, but likes fertile and well-drained sandy loam or fluvisol, and not resistance to ponding, should not plant at clay and marshland.Red sandalwood is suitable is born in China torrid zone and South Subtropical Area of China, particularly, suitable in Hainan the whole province and Yunnan, the southern areas plantation in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, also can be in some dry-hot valleys plantations in other areas.
In recent years, because country attaches great importance to the development of rare tree, and ensured from the perspective of policy and tilted, the enthusiasm that has greatly excited self-employed tree cultivator, private investor to manage rare tree.Red sandalwood is as well-known in the world redwood seeds, quite concerned and favor.But, at present because the solid plant quantity of China's red sandalwood is very limited, India of the country of origin forbids red sandalwood seed export, and red sandalwood seedling generally needs more than 15 years ability solid after planting, therefore famine red sandalwood seed on current seedling market.This kind of situation seriously restricted the development of China's red sandalwood plant husbandry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to a kind ofly promote red sandalwood to do sth. in advance solid grafting method.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Promote red sandalwood to do sth. in advance a solid grafting method, comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of stock: the coppice shoot growing after the ripe plant truncation of selection India red sandalwood or India red sandalwood treelet are as stock;
(2) selection of scion branch: select the branch of the solid plant of red sandalwood as scion branch;
(3) grafting processing: stock and scion branch are carried out to grafting processing;
(4) managing after grafting: the coppice shoot of the India red sandalwood of regularly erasing, promotes the growth of red sandalwood young sprout and trunk to form.
The preparation process of the described stock of step (1) is as follows: the ripe plant truncation of India red sandalwood by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 15cm, retain trunk 2.0～2.5m high, after 20～30 days, carry out bud picking depending on coppice shoot growing state and determine strain, every strain tree retains 5～10 sturdy coppice shoots and does stock, before grafting, block coppice shoot, retain 10～15cm long; Or be the India red sandalwood treelet that 2.0cm～5.0cm is thick by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, directly truncation, retains the high stock that does of trunk 1.0m～1.5m.
The described scion branch of step (2) is the full branch of the solid plant tree crown of red sandalwood middle and upper part axillalry bud, from setting, after intercepting, wipes out in time its blade, parcel moisturizing.
The concrete operations of step (3) grafting processing are:
1) stock processing: Xiao Chu inclination angle, stock top is the oblique fracture that 25～35 °, length are 1.0～2.0cm, cut out little backslash mouth in oblique fracture top rear face, long and deeply reach the epidermis of xylem along axially rive 2.5cm～3.5cm of backslash mouth, prune below the angle epidermis of long 2.5cm～3.5cm, otch reaches xylem deeply, handles stock well;
2) scion processing: the branch section that scion branch is cut into 2～5 buds of tool is as scion, the angle that to cut out inclination angle and be 30～45 °, length below scion eye be 0.5cm～1.2cm, the epidermis of 2.5cm～4.0cm of axially riving in the described angle back side again reaches xylem deeply, below angle, prune and deeply reach the epidermis of xylem, long 2.0cm～3.5cm, handle scion well;
3) scion and the step 2 step 1) handled well) the formation layer of the stock handled well aims at, make it closely connected, the epidermis retaining on scion and stock is close to and spreads on the other side's skinner, form multiple healed surface, then use film bondage, allow single thin film cover bud, interface is tightened, complete grafting.
The grafting post processing that step (4) is described, concrete steps are: complete after grafting, the coppice shoot of the India red sandalwood of regularly erasing, promotes the growth of red sandalwood young sprout and trunk to form, and treats scion sprouting sprouting, after interface portion heals completely, removes bandage.
After grafting completes, the fertilising scheme of plant is: the interface portion of plant to be grafted heals completely, scion is extracted out after young sprout, executes urea 1 time, and 250～350g is executed in the every strain of ripe plant, and 40～60g is executed in the every strain of treelet; Execute every year farmyard manure 15～25kg/ strain, NPK composite fertilizer 500～700g/ strain with after ripening plant, the fertilizing amount of treelet is ripe plant 1/4.
Preferably, described grafting was carried out in 3～May.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The invention provides and a kind ofly promote red sandalwood to do sth. in advance solid grafting method, by selecting suitable stock and scion branch, after processing, grafting obtains a kind of red sandalwood plant of fast growth, graft survival rate is up to more than 90%, and red sandalwood starts the solid age (from 15 years ahead of time to 4 years) significantly ahead of time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is grafting schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the successful plant of grafting.
Embodiment
Promote red sandalwood to do sth. in advance a solid grafting method, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation of stock: the coppice shoot growing after the ripe plant truncation of selection India red sandalwood or India red sandalwood treelet are as stock;
(2) selection of scion branch: select the branch of the solid plant of red sandalwood as scion branch;
(3) grafting processing: stock and scion branch are carried out to grafting processing;
(4) managing after grafting: the coppice shoot of the India red sandalwood of regularly erasing, promotes the growth of red sandalwood young sprout and trunk to form.
The preparation process of the described stock of step (1) is as follows: the ripe plant truncation of India red sandalwood by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 15cm, retain trunk 2.0～2.5m high, after 20～30 days, carry out bud picking depending on coppice shoot growing state and determine strain, every strain tree retains 5～10 sturdy coppice shoots and does stock, before grafting, block coppice shoot, retain 10～15cm long; Or be the India red sandalwood treelet that 2.0cm～5.0cm is thick by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, directly truncation, retains the high stock that does of trunk 1.0m～1.5m.
The described scion branch of step (2) is the full branch of the solid plant tree crown of red sandalwood middle and upper part axillalry bud, from setting, after intercepting, wipes out in time its blade, parcel moisturizing.
The concrete operations of step (3) grafting processing are:
1) stock processing: Xiao Chu inclination angle, stock top is the oblique fracture that 25～35 °, length are 1.0～2.0cm, cut out little backslash mouth in oblique fracture top rear face, long and deeply reach the epidermis of xylem along axially rive 2.5cm～3.5cm of backslash mouth, prune below the angle epidermis of long 2.5cm～3.5cm, otch reaches xylem deeply, handles stock well;
2) scion processing: the branch section that scion branch is cut into 2～5 buds of tool is as scion, the angle that to cut out inclination angle and be 30～45 °, length below scion eye be 0.5cm～1.2cm, the epidermis of 2.5cm～4.0cm of axially riving in the described angle back side again reaches xylem deeply, below angle, prune and deeply reach the epidermis of xylem, long 2.0cm～3.5cm, handle scion well;
3) scion and the step 2 step 1) handled well) the formation layer of the stock handled well aims at, make it closely connected, the epidermis retaining on scion and stock is close to and spreads on the other side's skinner, form multiple healed surface, then use film bondage, allow single thin film cover bud, interface is tightened, complete grafting.
The grafting post processing that step (4) is described, concrete steps are: complete after grafting, the coppice shoot of the India red sandalwood of regularly erasing, promotes the growth of red sandalwood young sprout and trunk to form, and treats scion sprouting sprouting, after interface portion heals completely, removes bandage.
After grafting completes, the fertilising scheme of plant is: the interface portion of plant to be grafted heals completely, scion is extracted out after young sprout, executes urea 1 time, and 250～350g is executed in the every strain of ripe plant, and 40～60g is executed in the every strain of treelet; Execute every year farmyard manure 15～25kg/ strain, NPK composite fertilizer 500～700g/ strain with after ripening plant, the fertilizing amount of treelet is ripe plant 1/4.
Preferably, described grafting was carried out in 3～May.
The present invention adopts India red sandalwood as stock material, bring into play that it is strong to soil suitability, well developed root system, the advantage rapidly of growing, in conjunction with water and fertilizer management, promote that growing of red sandalwood is solid with early flowering, thereby expand fast the scale of the solid plant of red sandalwood, increase its seed production and be applied to production, meet the demand in its seedling market.
Stock material of the present invention India red sandalwood can be street tree or the sheet woods of current scale development, is preferably the ripe plant of India red sandalwood of tool irrigation conditions, fertile soil, sun-drenched lee side, and planting density is suitable; Scion material source of the present invention is in the ripe select tree of as far as possible many red sandalwoods, thus the hereditary quality of raising seed.
As the ripe plant of India red sandalwood of stock material, after truncation, in 20～30 days, need to look coppice shoot upgrowth situation, carry out bud picking in good time and determine strain, ensure to retain coppice shoot reasonable organization, promote its growth; The coppice shoot that should erase in time on stock India red sandalwood after grafting, avoids nutrient and illumination competition between stock and scion, and grafting survival and plant strain growth are caused to negative effect; Before interface healing, water and should avoid the interface of getting wet; Should strengthen water and fertilizer management, especially should be specifically noted that the drought resisting of watering in dry season.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but be not limited to this.
embodiment 1
(1) preparation of stock and processing
The solid plant of India red sandalwood that be 20cm～28cm to the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground in February, 2009 carries out truncation processing, and reservation trunk height is 2.0～2.5m, coprocessing 30 strains.After 20～30 days, carry out bud picking determine strain depending on coppice shoot growing state, every strain tree retains the sturdy coppice shoot that 5～10 diameters are 1.5cm～4.5cm and does stock.
(2) scion branch gathers
March, from the branch that tree crown middle and upper part clip grows fine and axillalry bud is full of 25 years raw solid select trees of red sandalwood, wipe out rapidly its blade, with wet towel or the moisturizing of fresh Banana Leaf parcel, transport stock placement to as scion branch.
(3) scion processing
The branch section that above-mentioned scion branch is cut into 2～5 buds of tool is as scion; It is the angle that 30～45 °, length are 0.5cm～1.2cm at Xiao Chu inclination angle, scion eye bottom; The epidermis of 2.5cm～4.0cm of axially riving in the described angle back side again reaches xylem deeply; Below angle, prune and deeply reach the epidermis of xylem, long 2.0cm～3.5cm, handle scion well.
(4) stock processing
Be the oblique fracture that 25～35 °, length are 1.0～2.0cm by cutting out inclination angle on above-mentioned stock; Cut out little backslash mouth in oblique fracture top rear face, long and deeply reach the epidermis of xylem along axially rive 2.5cm～3.5cm of backslash mouth; Prune below the angle epidermis of long 2.5cm～3.5cm, otch reaches xylem deeply, handles stock well.
(5) grafting operation
The formation layer of the scion of handling well and stock is aimed at, made it closely connected, the epidermis retaining on scion and stock is close to and spreads on the other side's skinner, form multiple healed surface; Then use film bondage, allow monofilm cover bud, interface is tightened, complete grafting.
(6) managing after grafting
Regularly erase after the grafting coppice shoot of India red sandalwood.Treat scion sprouting sprouting, after interface portion heals completely, needle grafting film with point of a knife, unclamp in time bandage.
(7) water and fertilizer management of grafting plant
Regularly water depending on weather conditions, interface portion heals completely, scion is extracted out after young sprout, executes urea 1 time, and 300g is executed in every strain, executes every year farmyard manure 20kg/ strain, NPK composite fertilizer 600g/ strain later.
(8) grafting and do sth. in advance solid effect
Graft survival rate reaches 95.6%, and the average annual amount of growth of scion diameter is up to 3.0cm.After grafting 4 years solid (fruit maturation in May, 2013), average fruit yield is 4500 pod/strains.And seed is full, its thousand grain weigth is 95.13
g, percentage of seedgermination can reach 79.1%.
embodiment 2
(1) stock is prepared:
In March, 2009, is that India's direct truncation of red sandalwood treelet that 2.0～5.0cm is thick does stock by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, retains trunk 1.0m～1.5m high.Coprocessing 30 strains.
(2) scion branch gathers
March, grow fine and the branch of the full bud of tool from the tree crown middle and upper part clip of 25 years raw solid select trees of red sandalwood, wipe out rapidly its blade, with wet towel or the moisturizing of fresh Banana Leaf parcel, transport to stock place as scion branch.
(3) steps such as scion processing, stock processing, grafting operation and managing after grafting are with embodiment 1.
(4) water and fertilizer management of grafting plant
Regularly water depending on weather conditions, interface portion heals completely, scion is extracted out after young sprout, executes urea 1 time, and 50g is executed in every strain, executes every year farmyard manure 5kg/ strain, NPK composite fertilizer 150g/ strain later.
(5) grafting and do sth. in advance solid effect: graft survival rate is 91.3%; The average annual amount of growth of scion diameter is up to 2.4cm.After grafting 4 years solid (fruit maturation in May, 2013), fruit yield is 310 pod/strains.And seed is full, its thousand grain weigth is 92.87
g, germination rate can reach 78.0%.
Above example shows, method of the present invention can significantly be done sth. in advance red sandalwood and be started the solid age, from original 15 years ahead of time to 4 years.
Above embodiment is only for introducing preferred case of the present invention, and to those skilled in the art, any apparent changes and improvements of carrying out in the scope that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention, all should be regarded as a part of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. promote red sandalwood to do sth. in advance a solid grafting method, comprise the steps:
(1) preparation of stock: the coppice shoot growing after the ripe plant truncation of selection India red sandalwood or India red sandalwood treelet are as stock;
(2) selection of scion branch: select the branch of the solid plant of red sandalwood as scion branch;
(3) grafting processing: stock and scion branch are carried out to grafting processing;
(4) managing after grafting: the coppice shoot of the India red sandalwood of regularly erasing, promotes the growth of red sandalwood young sprout and trunk to form.
2. grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preparation process of the described stock of step (1) is as follows: the ripe plant truncation of India red sandalwood by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 15cm, retain trunk 2.0～2.5m high, after 20～30 days, carry out bud picking depending on coppice shoot growing state and determine strain, every strain tree retains 5～10 sturdy coppice shoots and does stock, blocks coppice shoot before grafting, retains 10～15cm long; Or be the India red sandalwood treelet that 2.0cm～5.0cm is thick by the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, directly truncation, retains the high stock that does of trunk 1.0m～1.5m.
3. grafting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described scion branch of step (2) is the full branch of the solid plant tree crown of red sandalwood middle and upper part axillalry bud, from setting, after intercepting, wipes out in time its blade, parcel moisturizing.
4. according to the grafting method described in claim 1～3 any one, it is characterized in that, the concrete operations of step (3) grafting processing are:
1) stock processing: Xiao Chu inclination angle, stock top is the oblique fracture that 25～35 °, length are 1.0～2.0cm, cut out little backslash mouth in oblique fracture top rear face, long and deeply reach the epidermis of xylem along axially rive 2.5cm～3.5cm of backslash mouth, prune below the angle epidermis of long 2.5cm～3.5cm, otch reaches xylem deeply, handles stock well;
2) scion processing: the branch section that scion branch is cut into 2～5 buds of tool is as scion, the angle that to cut out inclination angle and be 30～45 °, length below scion eye be 0.5cm～1.2cm, the epidermis of 2.5cm～4.0cm of axially riving in the described angle back side again reaches xylem deeply, below angle, prune and deeply reach the epidermis of xylem, long 2.0cm～3.5cm, handle scion well;
3) stock and the step 2 step 1) handled well) the formation layer of the scion handled well aims at, make it closely connected, the epidermis retaining on scion and stock is close to and spreads on the other side's skinner, form multiple healed surface, then use film bondage, allow single thin film cover bud, interface is tightened, complete grafting.
5. grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the grafting post processing that step (4) is described, concrete steps are: complete after grafting, regularly the erase coppice shoot of India red sandalwood, promotes the growth of red sandalwood young sprout and trunk to form, and treats that scion sprouts sprouting, after interface portion heals completely, remove bandage.
6. according to the grafting method described in claim 1～3 any one, it is characterized in that, after grafting completes, the fertilising scheme of plant is: the interface portion of plant to be grafted heals completely, scion is extracted out after young sprout, execute urea 1 time, 250～350g is executed in the every strain of ripe plant, and 40～60g is executed in the every strain of treelet; Execute every year farmyard manure 15～25kg/ strain, NPK composite fertilizer 500～700g/ strain with after ripening plant, the fertilizing amount of treelet is ripe plant 1/4.
7. according to the grafting method described in claim 1～3 any one, it is characterized in that, grafting was carried out in 3～May.
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| CN103798010B (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-08-05 | 深圳市绿圣园园林绿化有限公司 | A kind ofly santal is promoted early to become a useful person and the cultivation method of high yield |
| CN104885769A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-09 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Efficient germination accelerating method for pterocarpus indicus seeds |
| CN105210683B (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-11-24 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | A kind of heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal |
| CN106688630A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-24 | 肇庆学院 | Pterocarpus santalinus nursery stock grafting breeding method |
| CN106688631B (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2020-06-02 | 肇庆学院 | Seedling culture method for promoting pterocarpus santalinus to form heartwood early |
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| CN102007854B (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-07-18 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Chinese character hu-shaped grafting and final-period management methods for Dalbergia odorifera |
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