CN105210683B - A kind of heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal - Google Patents

A kind of heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105210683B
CN105210683B CN201510669584.6A CN201510669584A CN105210683B CN 105210683 B CN105210683 B CN 105210683B CN 201510669584 A CN201510669584 A CN 201510669584A CN 105210683 B CN105210683 B CN 105210683B
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scion
grafting
santal
fijian
stock
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CN105210683A (en
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刘小金
徐大平
林明平
杨曾奖
张宁南
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Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G2003/005Removing buds

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to seedling-wood breeding field, and in particular to a kind of heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal.The present invention is using stock, the two-sided whip grafting of scion, Fijian santal is grafted onto on the plant of indian sandalwood, using indian sandalwood in good characteristics such as South China of China germ plasm resource is abundant, the speed of growth is fast, suitable natural disposition is strong, heartwood formation morning time, heartwood essential oil content height, realize that Fijian santal quickly breeds in China, it is low or even shaky in China's setting percentage to alleviate Fijian santal, the rare situation of seedling, meet China's thriving demand growing to Fijian santal seedling.The inventive method is greatly improved the survival rate of seedling, dramatically increases the supply of excellent nursery stock.

Description

A kind of heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal
Technical field
The invention belongs to seedling-wood breeding field, and in particular to a kind of heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal.
Background technology
Fijian santal (Santalum yasi Seeman), it is a kind of root system of Santalaceae (Santalaceae) santal category Semiparasite evergreen dungarunga, natural distributed in the pacific island state such as Fiji, Niue Island and Tonga, be a kind of medicinal collection, Buddhism articles for use, In the Important Economic commerical tree species of one, its main economic value is that it has aroma for spices, hand work material for carving on it The heartwood of taste and the sandalwood essential oil from heartwood extraction, are respectively provided with widely in Phytochemistry, pharmacology, medical science and cosmetic industry Using being known as the title of " green gold ", in 16 kinds of santal category, essential oil content and quality are number two, and are only second to India Santal (S.album).
Natural distributed of the China without Fijian santal, there are experts and scholars successfully to introduce a small amount of Fiji from the country such as Fiji in recent years Santal seed, and successfully planted in Guangdong, early growth speed is fast, and the heartwood formation time is more early, and form is excellent, and performance is good, But it is less to blossom and bear fruit.
In recent years, because country attaches great importance to the development of rare tree, and is helped from policy and fund with Tilt, greatly excite self-employed tree cultivator, private investor manages the enthusiasm of rare tree.Fijian santal is as a kind of important preciousness Economic tree, quite favored, the solid plant quantity of Fijian santal introduced a fine variety yet with China is extremely limited, and country of origin is prohibited again Only seed export, and the asexual propagation technology of santal category is all extremely difficult, not yet breaks through at present, therefore, seedling in the market at present The seedling of famine Fiji santal, such a situation seriously constrain the development of Fiji of China santal planting industry.
The content of the invention
The deficiencies of in order to overcome Fijian santal seedling famine in the prior art and shortcoming, it is an object of the invention to carry For a kind of heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal, this method is using stock, the two-sided whip grafting of scion, by existing Fijian wingceltis Fragrant scion is grafted onto on the abundant indian sandalwood of seedling resource, has preferably promoted fast development of the Fijian santal in China.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal, is comprised the following steps:
(1) selection and processing of stock
Selection life in 1~2 year, the indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds of seedling stage host has been configured as graft stock, apart from base portion 10~30cm highly locates cutting strunk;
(2) collection and processing of scion
The Fijian santal band bud for choosing semi-lignified or lignifying faces south upright branch as scion material, by scion material The scion of 2~4 eyes of every section of reservation is cut into, and removes blade;
(3) grafting is handled
1. graft stock is handled:1 is splayed in the place longitudinal direction of graft stock side slightly xylem made from step (1)~ 1.5cm, form oblique fracture;Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a small backslash mouth, along backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side) longitudinal direction Rive 2~3cm, retains the cortex after riving;
2. scion is handled:Splay 1~1.5cm in the place longitudinal direction of scion side slightly xylem made from step (2), shape Into oblique fracture;And a small backslash mouth is cut out in oblique fracture top rear face, longitudinally rive 2 along backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side) ~3cm, retain the cortex after riving;
3. 2. scion that 1. graft stock and step that step is handled well are handled well carries out grafting processing;
(4) managing after grafting
After completing grafting, the lateral bud periodically erased on graft stock, promote the growth of scion sprouting;
Indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds described in step (1) is preferably life in 1~2 year, well-grown, trunk is obvious, is configured Good seedling stage host and the indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds of no disease and pests harm;
The ground diameter of graft stock described in step (1) is preferably 0.5~1.0cm;
Scion material described in step (2) is preferred from the Fijian santal that form is good, no disease and pests harm, the speed of growth are fast Scion-seed tree;
Described in step (2) with bud face south upright branch refer to growth towards solar direction, with the upright branch of bud, i.e., Tailo direction, with the upright branch of bud because the branch eye in Schattenseite direction is less, the speed of growth is slow;
The length of scion described in step (2) is preferably 6~10cm length;
The preferably available preservative film sealing of scion described in step (2) is excessive to prevent dehydration, then with wet towel by after sealing Scion parcel, the scion after handling well is placed in 0~6 DEG C of refrigeration, can preserve 2~3 days;
Step (3) 1. and 2. described in oblique fracture angle of splaying for 30~45 °;
Step (3) 3. described in grafting processing specific method be:Scion and stock are longitudinally rived what 2~3cm grew Section is inserted in correspondence with each other, respective forming layer is close to and is alignd two-by-two, while by stock and the cortexes of two, scion reservation Also mutually it is close to, clutches stock and the interface of scion, tightly wraps interface with bandage and fasten wrapping, then whole scion is wrapped with Bandage, prevent rain water and air from entering;
Described bandage is preferably the film of water white transparency tool elasticity, and ability of stretching is strong, good waterproof performance;
The specific method of managing after grafting described in step (4) is:After completing grafting, periodically erase on graft stock Lateral bud, promote the growth of scion sprouting;The bandage in scion is removed after scion bud starts to sprout, after spike length waiting goes out true leaf, is gone Except the bandage in graft union;
The time of bandage in described removal scion is preferably 7~10 days after grafting;
The time of bandage in described removal graft union is preferably 20~30 days after grafting;
The described lateral bud periodically erased on graft stock is preferably to observe once every 7 days and newly grown on stock of erasing Lateral bud;
In step (4), the growing environment of nursery stock is preferably after completion grafting:20~28 DEG C of degree of shading 80~95%, temperature, Relative air humidity 70~95%;
In step (4), complete preferred after grafting to apply nitrogenous fertilizer that mass percent is 0.3~0.5% to promote nursery stock to give birth to It is long;
The time of grafting processing described in step (3) is preferably 3~April that annual Fijian santal takes out sprouting for the first time Part, secondly it is the June to September sprouted for the second time;Other seasons such as winter also can grafting, but need to add after grafting and heat lamp to carry High-temperature, and the time that sprouts is longer, needs 10~15 days interfaces just to start to heal, about 30~40 talentes start to sprout;3~April Part grafting, interface starts to heal within 7~10 days, scion in 20~30 days can eruption sprouting, can now be set to grafting survival, other moons Late a couple of days to two weeks is wanted in part grafting wound healing, and the time that scion grows sprouting then takes late two weeks to one month or so;
The principle of the present invention:Itself it can breed to form callus by the cell of wound using after plant injury, will Two forming layers for hindering face are bonded and are close to together, are connected to by the hyperplasia and more merga pass vascular tissue of cell each other Turn into an entirety together.
The present invention is had the following advantages and beneficial effect relative to prior art:
(1) present invention improves engrafting method, and scion and stock have been exchanged into role on the basis of traditional engrafting method, Equivalent to grafting simultaneously twice, two-sided whip grafting makes scion and stock respectively have 2 forming layers to be bonded each other, with conventional method phase Than engrafting method survival rate after improvement to more than 95%.
(2) the inventive method grafting is used, interface healing is fast, sprouts short, high graft survival rate the time required to sprouting, and Higher survival rate (more than 90%) can be also kept in season in severe winter, the budding time is short, and wound starts to heal after 7~10 days, and 20 Scion in~30 days can eruption sprouting.
(3) present invention provides a set of brand-new method for the fast breeding of Fijian santal, on the one hand this method can make The nursery stock of propagation by grafiting retains the excellent hereditary capacity of original elite stand, expands the planting range of Fijian santal elite plant, from And the strange land for realizing good resource preserves;On the other hand, problem of the Fijian santal in China's seedling scarcity is this method solve, For the strong Fijian santal artificial forest of propulsion in the fast development in China, application prospect is extensive.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the two-sided whip grafting operation chart of Fijian santal heteroplastic grafting;Wherein, A:Indian sandalwood stock, B:Scion It is abutted against with stock.
Fig. 2 is the plant displaying figure after the grafting of embodiment 3 success.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited In this.
Embodiment 1
Fijian santal grafting operation step (in April, 2013, Guangzhou warm spring are carried out):
(1) preparation and processing of stock
Selection life in 1 year, well-grown, trunk it is obvious and configured seedling stage host, ground diameter for 0.5cm India of growing directly from seeds Santal seedling is as graft stock, in the cutting strunk at base portion 10cm height, by otch truncation;
(2) collection and processing of scion
Face south upright branch of clip semi-lignified or the band bud of lignifying is made on excellent elite stand out of Fijian santal artificial forest For scion material, the scion of 8cm length is cut into, removes blade, the upper end of scion is cut to flat nick, and every section of scion retains 2~4 Individual eye, scion is sealed with preservative film, then wrapped up with wet towel, take back grafting nursery field;Scion after handling well is put In 4 DEG C of refrigerations, can preserve 2~3 days;
(3) grafting is handled
Select the more consistent graft stock of thickness and scion;
1. graft stock is handled:Splayed in the place longitudinal direction of graft stock side slightly xylem made from step (1) 1.0cm, oblique fracture is formed, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 30 °;Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a less backslash mouth, suitable The longitudinal 2cm that rives of backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retains the cortex after riving;
2. scion is handled:Splay 1.0cm in the place longitudinal direction of scion side slightly xylem made from step (2), is formed Oblique fracture, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 30 °;A small backslash mouth is cut out in oblique fracture top rear face, along backslash mouth (tiltedly The fracture back side) longitudinally rive 2cm, retain the cortex after riving;
3. the section of 2. scion 2cm length that 1. graft stock and step that step is handled well are handled well is inserted in correspondence with each other (Fig. 1), respective forming layer is close to and is alignd two-by-two, while the cortex of two reservations of stock and scion be also mutually close to, Stock and the interface of scion are firmly clutched, interface is tightly wrapped with bandage and fastens wrapping, then that whole scion is twined into last layer is close Bandage is sealed, prevents rain water and air from entering;
(4) managing after grafting
Complete grafting after need to remove bandage in time, and on graft stock of periodically erasing eruption lateral bud, promotion scion sprouting Growth:General 7~10 days interfaces start to heal, and scion bud starts to sprout, now can with pocket knife by scion rudiment place bandage Perforate is carried out, after spike length waiting goes out true leaf, removes the bandage of graft union;Every observation in 7 days once and graft stock eruption of erasing Lateral bud;The growing environment of nursery stock need to remain after grafting:Temperature is 25 DEG C, relative air humidity 75%, and degree of shading is 85%;Kept the skin wet in right amount depending on water supply in media situation, avoid water drenching from pouring graft union and scion joint, in addition, using matrix The mode of upper sprinkling, the urea that every plant of additional mass percentage is 0.3%;
Growing state after grafting
Grafting in April, rear port starts to heal within 7~10 days, scion in 20~30 days can eruption sprouting, can now be set to grafting Survive, graft survival rate is up to more than 95%.
Embodiment 2
Fijian santal grafting operation step (in July, 2013, Guangzhou high temperature season are carried out):
(1) preparation and processing of stock
Selection life in 1.5 years, well-grown, trunk it is obvious and configured seedling stage host, ground diameter for 0.8cm print of growing directly from seeds Santal seedling is spent as graft stock, in the cutting strunk at base portion 20cm height, by otch truncation;
(2) collection and processing of scion
Face south upright branch of clip semi-lignified or the band bud of lignifying is made on excellent elite stand out of Fijian santal artificial forest For scion material, the scion of 6cm length is cut into, removes blade, the upper end of scion is cut to flat nick, and every section of scion retains 2~4 Individual eye, scion is sealed with preservative film, then wrapped up with wet towel, take back grafting nursery field;Scion after handling well is put In 0 DEG C of refrigeration, can preserve 2~3 days;
(3) grafting is handled
Select the more consistent graft stock of thickness and scion;
1. graft stock is handled:Splayed in the place longitudinal direction of graft stock side slightly xylem made from step (1) 1.2cm, oblique fracture is formed, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 40 °;Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a less backslash mouth, suitable The longitudinal 2.5cm that rives of backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retains the cortex after riving;
2. scion is handled:Splay 1.2cm in the place longitudinal direction of scion side slightly xylem made from step (2), is formed Oblique fracture, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 40 °;A small backslash mouth is cut out in oblique fracture top rear face, along backslash mouth (tiltedly The fracture back side) longitudinally rive about 2.5cm, retain the cortex after riving;
3. the section of 2. scion 2.5cm length that 1. graft stock and step that step is handled well are handled well is inserted in correspondence with each other Enter, respective forming layer is close to and is alignd two-by-two, while the cortex of two reservations of stock and scion is also mutually close to, firmly Stock and the interface of scion are clutched, interface is tightly wrapped with bandage and fastens wrapping, then whole scion is twined into last layer sealing and tied up Band, prevent rain water and air from entering;
(4) managing after grafting
Complete grafting after need to remove bandage in time, and on graft stock of periodically erasing eruption lateral bud, promotion scion sprouting Growth:General 7~9 days interfaces start to heal, and scion bud starts to sprout;The bandage in scion rudiment place can now be entered with pocket knife Row perforate, after spike length waiting goes out true leaf, remove the bandage of graft union;Every observation in 7 days once and graft stock eruption of erasing Lateral bud;The growing environment of nursery stock need to remain after grafting:Temperature is 28 DEG C, relative air humidity 80%, degree of shading 95%, Kept the skin wet in right amount depending on water supply in media situation, avoid water drenching from pouring graft union and scion joint, in addition, using being sprayed in matrix Mode, every plant of additional mass percentage is 0.4% urea.
Growing state after grafting
Grafting in July, rear port starts to heal within 7~9 days, scion in 20~30 days can eruption sprouting, can now be set to grafting Survive, graft survival rate is up to more than 95%.
Embodiment 3
Fijian santal grafting operation step (in December, 2013, Guangzhou cold winter are carried out)
(1) preparation and processing of stock
Selection life in 2 years, well-grown, trunk it is obvious and configured seedling stage host, ground diameter for 1cm India wingceltis of growing directly from seeds Fragrant seedling is as graft stock, in the cutting strunk at base portion 30cm height, by otch truncation;
(2) collection and processing of scion
Face south upright branch of clip semi-lignified or the band bud of lignifying is made on excellent elite stand out of Fijian santal artificial forest For scion material, the scion of 10cm length is cut into, removes blade, the upper end of scion is cut to flat nick, and every section of scion retains 2~ 4 eyes, scion is sealed with preservative film, then wrapped up with wet towel, take back grafting nursery field;Scion after handling well is put In 6 DEG C of refrigerations, can preserve 2~3 days;
(3) grafting is handled
Select the more consistent graft stock of thickness and scion;
1. graft stock is handled:Splayed in the place longitudinal direction of graft stock side slightly xylem made from step (1) 1.5cm, oblique fracture is formed, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 45 °;Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a less backslash mouth, suitable The longitudinal 3.0cm that rives of backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retains the cortex after riving;
2. scion is handled:Splay 1.5cm in the place longitudinal direction of scion side slightly xylem made from step (2), is formed Oblique fracture, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 45 °;Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a less backslash mouth, along backslash mouth (tiltedly The fracture back side) longitudinally rive 3.0cm, retain the cortex after riving;
3. the section of 2. scion 3cm length that 1. graft stock and step that step is handled well are handled well is inserted in correspondence with each other Enter, respective forming layer is close to and is alignd two-by-two, while the cortex of two reservations of stock and scion is also mutually close to, firmly Stock and the interface of scion are clutched, interface is tightly wrapped with bandage and fastens wrapping, then whole scion is twined into last layer sealing and tied up Band, prevent rain water and air from entering;
(4) managing after grafting
Because winter weather is colder, it need to use and heat lamp so as to which the growth temperature of nursery stock is maintained at into 25 DEG C, air is relative Humidity is 85%, degree of shading 80%;Complete grafting after need to remove bandage in time, and on graft stock of periodically erasing eruption side Bud, promote the growth of scion sprouting:General 15~20 days interfaces start to heal, and scion bud starts to sprout, and be able to will now be connect with pocket knife The bandage in fringe rudiment place carries out perforate;After spike length waiting goes out true leaf, the bandage of graft union is removed;Observed once simultaneously every 7 days Erase the lateral bud of graft stock eruption;Need to keep the skin wet in right amount depending on water supply in media situation during grafting, avoid water drenching from pouring grafting Mouthful and scion joint, in addition, by the way of being sprayed in matrix, urea that every plant of additional mass percentage is 0.5%.
Growing state after grafting
Grafting in December, rear port starts to heal within 15~20 days, scion in 30~40 days can eruption sprouting, sprouting can wear out and tie up Band, it can now be set to grafting survival (Fig. 2), graft survival rate is up to 90%.
Above-described embodiment is the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention with made under principle change, modification, replacement, combine, simplification, Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) selection and processing of stock
Selection life in 1~2 year, configured the indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds of seedling stage host as graft stock, apart from base portion 10~ 30cm highly locates cutting strunk;
(2) collection and processing of scion
The Fijian santal band bud for choosing semi-lignified or lignifying faces south upright branch as scion material, and scion material is cut into The scion of 2~4 eyes of every section of reservation, and remove blade;
(3) grafting is handled
1. graft stock is handled:1 is splayed in the place longitudinal direction of graft stock side slightly xylem made from step (1)~ 1.5cm, form oblique fracture;Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a small backslash mouth, is longitudinally rived 2~3cm along backslash mouth, protects Stay the cortex after riving;
2. scion is handled:Splay 1~1.5cm in the place longitudinal direction of scion side slightly xylem made from step (2), is formed oblique Fracture;And a small backslash mouth is cut out in oblique fracture top rear face, longitudinally rived 2~3cm along backslash mouth, after reservation is rived Cortex;
3. 2. scion that 1. graft stock and step that step is handled well are handled well carries out grafting processing;
(4) managing after grafting
After completing grafting, the lateral bud periodically erased on graft stock, promote the growth of scion sprouting;
Step (3) 1. and 2. described in oblique fracture angle of splaying for 30~45 °.
A kind of 2. heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The time of grafting processing described in step (3) is March, April, June, July, August part or September part.
A kind of 3. heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds described in step (1), which is life in 1~2 year, well-grown, trunk is obvious, has configured seedling stage posts Main and no disease and pests harm indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds.
A kind of 4. heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The ground diameter of graft stock described in step (1) is 0.5~1.0cm.
A kind of 5. heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The length of scion described in step (2) is grown for 6~10cm.
A kind of 6. heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Step (3) 3. described in grafting processing specific method be:The section for 2~3cm length that scion and stock are longitudinally rived Insert in correspondence with each other, respective forming layer is close to and is alignd two-by-two, while by stock and the cortexes of two, scion reservation also phase Mutually it is close to, clutches stock and the interface of scion, tightly wraps interface with bandage and fasten wrapping, then whole scion is wrapped with and tied up Band.
A kind of 7. heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The specific method of managing after grafting described in step (4) is:After completing grafting, the lateral bud periodically erased on stock, promote Enter the growth of scion sprouting;The bandage in scion is removed after scion bud starts to sprout, after spike length waiting goes out true leaf, removes graft union On bandage.
A kind of 8. heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:
The described time for removing the bandage in scion is 7~10 days after grafting;
The time of bandage in described removal graft union is 20~30 days after grafting.
A kind of 9. heteroplastic grafting method for culturing seedlings of Fijian santal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step (4), the growing environment of nursery stock is after completion grafting:20~28 DEG C of degree of shading 80~95%, temperature, air is relative Humidity 70~95%.
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