CN105210683A - The heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal - Google Patents

The heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal Download PDF

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CN105210683A
CN105210683A CN201510669584.6A CN201510669584A CN105210683A CN 105210683 A CN105210683 A CN 105210683A CN 201510669584 A CN201510669584 A CN 201510669584A CN 105210683 A CN105210683 A CN 105210683A
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grafting
scion
santal
fijian
seedling
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CN105210683B (en
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刘小金
徐大平
林明平
杨曾奖
张宁南
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Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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Research Institute of Tropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G2003/005Removing buds

Abstract

The invention belongs to seedling-wood breeding field, be specifically related to the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal.The present invention adopts stock, the two-sided whip grafting of scion, by Fijian santal grafting on the plant of indian sandalwood, utilize that indian sandalwood is abundant in China's South China's germ plasm resource, fast growth, suitable natural disposition are strong, heartwood formation time early, the good characteristic such as heartwood essential oil content is high, realize Fijian santal at China's Fast-propagation, alleviate Fijian santal low even not solid at China's ripening rate, the situation that seedling is rare, meets the thriving demand that China is growing to Fijian santal seedling.The inventive method can improve the survival rate of seedling greatly, significantly increases the supply of excellent nursery stock.

Description

The heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal
Technical field
The invention belongs to seedling-wood breeding field, be specifically related to the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal.
Background technology
Fiji santal (SantalumyasiSeeman), it is the evergreen dungarunga of a kind of root system semiparasite that Santalaceae (Santalaceae) santal belongs to, natural distributed is in Fiji, the pacific island state such as Niue Island and Tonga, that a kind of collection is medicinal, Buddhism articles for use, spices, hand work material for carving on it is in the Important Economic commerical tree species of one, the heartwood that its main economic worth is its tool aromatic odor and the sandalwood essential oil extracted from heartwood, in Phytochemistry, pharmacology, medical science and cosmetic industry all have a wide range of applications, have the title of " green gold ", in 16 kinds that santal belongs to, essential oil content and quality are number two, be only second to indian sandalwood (S.album).
China, without the natural distributed of Fijian santal, had experts and scholars successfully to introduce a small amount of Fijian santal seed from countries such as Fijis in recent years, and successfully planted in Guangdong, early growth speed is fast, and comparatively early, form is excellent for heartwood formation time, performance is good, but it is less to blossom and bear fruit.
In recent years, because country attaches great importance to the development of rare tree, and helped from policy and fund and tilted, greatly being excited self-employed tree cultivator, enthusiasm that private investor manages rare tree.Fiji santal is as a kind of important precious economic tree, quite favored, but the Fijian santal solid plant quantity of introducing a fine variety due to China is very limited, country of origin forbids seed export again, and the asexual propagation technology that santal belongs to is all very difficult, not yet break through at present, therefore, the seedling of famine Fiji santal on current seedling market, this kind of situation seriously constrains the development of Fiji of China santal plant husbandry.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome in prior art the not enough and shortcomings such as Fijian santal seedling famine, the object of the present invention is to provide the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal, the method adopts stock, the two-sided whip grafting of scion, by existing Fijian santal scion grafting on the resourceful indian sandalwood of seedling, promote the fast development of Fijian santal in China preferably.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method for Fijian santal, comprises following steps:
(1) selection of stock and process
Select life in 1 ~ 2 year, configure the indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds of host in seedling stage as graft stock, in distance base portion 10 ~ 30cm At The Height cutting strunk;
(2) acquisition and processing of scion
Choose semi-lignified or lignified Fijian santal band bud faces south vertical branch bar as scion material, scion material is cut into the scion that every section retains 2 ~ 4 eyes, and removes blade;
(3) grafting process
1. graft stock process: slightly longitudinally splay 1 ~ 1.5cm in the place of xylem in the obtained graft stock side of step (1), forms oblique fracture; Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a little backslash mouth, along the longitudinal 2 ~ 3cm that rives of backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retains the cortex after riving;
2. scion process: slightly longitudinally splay 1 ~ 1.5cm in the place of xylem in the obtained scion side of step (2), forms oblique fracture; And cut out a little backslash mouth in oblique fracture top rear face, longitudinally to rive 2 ~ 3cm along backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retain the cortex after riving;
3. grafting process is carried out in the scion that 2. graft stock step 1. handled well and step are handled well;
(4) managing after grafting
After completing grafting, the lateral bud of regularly erasing on graft stock, promotes the growth of scion sprouting;
Indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds described in step (1) be preferably life in 1 ~ 2 year, well-grown, trunk obviously, configure host and without the indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds of damage by disease and insect in seedling stage;
The leading thread of the graft stock described in step (1) is preferably 0.5 ~ 1.0cm;
Scion material described in step (2) preferably good from form, without the Fijian santal scion-seed tree of damage by disease and insect, fast growth;
Band bud described in step (2) on the sunny side upright branch refers to that growth is towards the upright branch of solar direction, band bud, the branch that namely tailo direction, band bud are upright, because the branch eye in Schattenseite direction is less, growth rate is slow;
The length of the scion described in step (2) is preferably 6 ~ 10cm length;
The preferred available preservative film sealing of scion described in step (2) is in case dehydration is too much, then with wet towel by the scion parcel after sealing, the scion after handling well is placed in 0 ~ 6 DEG C of refrigeration, can preserve 2 ~ 3 days;
Step (3) 1. and 2. described in the angle of splaying of oblique fracture be 30 ~ 45 °;
Step (3) 3. described in the concrete grammar of grafting process be: the long tangent plane of the 2 ~ 3cm that scion and stock longitudinally rived inserts in correspondence with each other, respective formation layer is made to be close between two and to align, the cortex that stock and two, scion retain also is close to mutually simultaneously, clutch the interface of stock and scion, interface is tightly wrapped and fastening wrapping with bandage, again whole scion is wrapped with bandage, prevents rain water and air from entering;
Described bandage is preferably the flexible film of water white transparency tool, and flexible ability is strong, good waterproof performance;
The concrete grammar of the managing after grafting described in step (4) is: after completing grafting, the lateral bud of regularly erasing on graft stock, promotes the growth of scion sprouting; After scion bud starts to sprout, remove bandage in scion, after spike length waiting goes out true leaf, remove the bandage on grafting mouth;
Time of the bandage in described removal scion to be preferably after grafting 7 ~ 10 days;
Time of the bandage on described removal grafting mouth to be preferably after grafting 20 ~ 30 days;
The described lateral bud of regularly erasing on graft stock is preferably to be observed once and the lateral bud that stock of erasing newly grows every 7 days;
In step (4), after completing grafting, the growing environment of nursery stock is preferably: degree of shading 80 ~ 95%, temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C, relative air humidity 70 ~ 95%;
In step (4), preferably applying mass percent after completing grafting is that the nitrogenous fertilizer of 0.3 ~ 0.5% is to promote seedling growth;
The time of the described grafting process described in step (3) is preferably 3 ~ April that annual Fijian santal first time takes out sprouting, 6 ~ September secondly for sprouting for the second time; Such as winter in other season also can grafting, but needs after grafting to add and heat lamp to improve temperature, and the time that sprouts is longer, and need 10 ~ 15 days interfaces just start to heal, about 30 ~ 40 talentes start to sprout; Grafting in 3 ~ April, namely 7 ~ 10 days interfaces start healing, and scion in 20 ~ 30 days can eruption sprouting, now can be decided to be grafting survival, other month grafting wound healings want a couple of days in evening to two weeks, and the time that scion grows sprouting then takes late two weeks by about one month;
Principle of the present invention: after utilizing plant injured, self can form callus by the cell proliferation of wound, the formation laminating of two being hindered face merges and is close to together, links together into as a whole by the hyperplasia of cell each other and the merga pass vascular tissue that heals.
The present invention, relative to prior art, has following advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention improves grafting method, scion and stock have been exchanged role by the basis of traditional grafting method, be equivalent to grafting simultaneously twice, two-sided whip grafting makes scion and stock respectively have 2 formation layers to fit each other, compared with conventional method, the grafting method survival rate after improvement is to more than 95%.
(2) the inventive method grafting is adopted, interface healing is fast, sprout sprouting required time short, graft survival rate is high, and also can keep higher survival rate (more than 90%) in season in severe winter, time of sprouting is short, and after 7 ~ 10 days, wound starts healing, and scion in 20 ~ 30 days can eruption sprouting.
(3) the present invention is that the fast breeding of Fijian santal provides a set of brand-new method, the method can make the nursery stock of propagation by grafiting retain the excellent hereditary capacity of original elite stand on the one hand, expand the planting range of Fijian santal elite plant, thus the strange land achieving good resource is preserved; On the other hand, this method solve the difficult problem of Fijian santal in China's seedling scarcity, strong propelling Fiji santal forest plantation is in the fast development of China, and application prospect is extensive.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the two-sided whip grafting operation chart of Fijian santal heteroplastic grafting; Wherein, A: indian sandalwood stock, B: scion and stock are abutted against.
Fig. 2 is the plant exploded view after embodiment 3 grafting success.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Fiji santal grafting operation step (in April, 2013, the spring that Guangzhou is warm carries out):
(1) preparation of stock and process
Select life in 1 year, well-grown, trunk obviously and configure host in seedling stage, indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds that leading thread is 0.5cm as graft stock, in distance base portion 10cm At The Height cutting strunk, by otch truncation;
(2) acquisition and processing of scion
In Fijian santal forest plantation, excellent elite stand, clip semi-lignified or lignified band bud face south vertical branch bar as scion material, be cut into the scion that 8cm is long, remove blade, the upper end of scion is cut to flat nick, every section of scion retains 2 ~ 4 eyes, with preservative film, scion is sealed, then wrap up with wet towel, take back field, grafting nursery; Scion after handling well is placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerations, can preserve 2 ~ 3 days;
(3) grafting process
The graft stock selecting thickness more consistent and scion;
1. graft stock process: slightly longitudinally splay 1.0cm in the place of xylem in the obtained graft stock side of step (1), and form oblique fracture, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 30 °; Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a less backslash mouth, along the longitudinal 2cm that rives of backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retains the cortex after riving;
2. scion process: slightly longitudinally splay 1.0cm in the place of xylem in the obtained scion side of step (2), and form oblique fracture, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 30 °; Cut out a little backslash mouth in oblique fracture top rear face, longitudinally to rive 2cm along backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retain the cortex after riving;
The tangent plane of the scion 2cm length that 2. graft stock 3. step 1. handled well and step are handled well inserts (Fig. 1) in correspondence with each other, respective formation layer is made to be close between two and to align, the cortex that stock and two, scion retain also is close to mutually simultaneously, firmly clutch the interface of stock and scion, interface is tightly wrapped and fastening wrapping with bandage, again whole scion is wrapped with one deck sealing bandage, prevents rain water and air from entering;
(4) managing after grafting
Need after completing grafting to remove bandage in time, and the lateral bud of eruption on graft stock of regularly erasing, promote the growth of scion sprouting: within general 7 ~ 10 days, interface starts healing, scion bud starts to sprout, now with pocket knife, the bandage in scion rudiment place can be carried out perforate, after spike length waiting goes out true leaf, remove the bandage of grafting mouth; Observed once and the lateral bud of graft stock eruption of erasing every 7 days; After grafting, the growing environment of nursery stock need remain: temperature is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 75%, and degree of shading is 85%; Keep the skin wet in right amount depending on water supply in media situation, avoid trickle to pour grafting mouth and scion joint, in addition, adopt the mode that matrix is sprayed, every strain additional mass percentage is the urea of 0.3%;
Growing state after grafting
Grafting in April, 7 ~ 10 days rear ports start healing, and scion in 20 ~ 30 days can eruption sprouting, and now can be decided to be grafting survival, graft survival rate is up to more than 95%.
Embodiment 2
Fiji santal grafting operation step (in July, 2013, Guangzhou high temperature season carries out):
(1) preparation of stock and process
Select life in 1.5 years, well-grown, trunk obviously and configure host in seedling stage, indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds that leading thread is 0.8cm as graft stock, in distance base portion 20cm At The Height cutting strunk, by otch truncation;
(2) acquisition and processing of scion
In Fijian santal forest plantation, excellent elite stand, clip semi-lignified or lignified band bud face south vertical branch bar as scion material, be cut into the scion that 6cm is long, remove blade, the upper end of scion is cut to flat nick, every section of scion retains 2 ~ 4 eyes, with preservative film, scion is sealed, then wrap up with wet towel, take back field, grafting nursery; Scion after handling well is placed in 0 DEG C of refrigeration, can preserve 2 ~ 3 days;
(3) grafting process
The graft stock selecting thickness more consistent and scion;
1. graft stock process: slightly longitudinally splay 1.2cm in the place of xylem in the obtained graft stock side of step (1), and form oblique fracture, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 40 °; Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a less backslash mouth, along the longitudinal 2.5cm that rives of backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retains the cortex after riving;
2. scion process: slightly longitudinally splay 1.2cm in the place of xylem in the obtained scion side of step (2), and form oblique fracture, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 40 °; Cut out a little backslash mouth in oblique fracture top rear face, longitudinally to rive about 2.5cm along backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retain the cortex after riving;
The tangent plane of the scion 2.5cm length that 2. graft stock 3. step 1. handled well and step are handled well inserts in correspondence with each other, respective formation layer is made to be close between two and to align, the cortex that stock and two, scion retain also is close to mutually simultaneously, firmly clutch the interface of stock and scion, interface is tightly wrapped and fastening wrapping with bandage, again whole scion is wrapped with one deck sealing bandage, prevents rain water and air from entering;
(4) managing after grafting
Need after completing grafting to remove bandage in time, and the lateral bud of eruption on graft stock of regularly erasing, promote the growth of scion sprouting: within general 7 ~ 9 days, interface starts healing, scion bud starts to sprout; Now with pocket knife, the bandage in scion rudiment place can be carried out perforate, after spike length waiting goes out true leaf, remove the bandage of grafting mouth; Observed once and the lateral bud of graft stock eruption of erasing every 7 days; After grafting, the growing environment of nursery stock need remain: temperature is 28 DEG C, relative air humidity is 80%, degree of shading is 95%, keeps the skin wet in right amount depending on water supply in media situation, trickle is avoided to pour grafting mouth and scion joint, in addition, adopt the mode that matrix is sprayed, every strain additional mass percentage is the urea of 0.4%.
Growing state after grafting
Grafting in July, 7 ~ 9 days rear ports start healing, and scion in 20 ~ 30 days can eruption sprouting, and now can be decided to be grafting survival, graft survival rate is up to more than 95%.
Embodiment 3
Fiji santal grafting operation step (in December, 2013, the winter of Guangzhou cold carries out)
(1) preparation of stock and process
Select life in 2 years, well-grown, trunk obviously and configure host in seedling stage, indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds that leading thread is 1cm as graft stock, in distance base portion 30cm At The Height cutting strunk, by otch truncation;
(2) acquisition and processing of scion
In Fijian santal forest plantation, excellent elite stand, clip semi-lignified or lignified band bud face south vertical branch bar as scion material, be cut into the scion that 10cm is long, remove blade, the upper end of scion is cut to flat nick, every section of scion retains 2 ~ 4 eyes, with preservative film, scion is sealed, then wrap up with wet towel, take back field, grafting nursery; Scion after handling well is placed in 6 DEG C of refrigerations, can preserve 2 ~ 3 days;
(3) grafting process
The graft stock selecting thickness more consistent and scion;
1. graft stock process: slightly longitudinally splay 1.5cm in the place of xylem in the obtained graft stock side of step (1), and form oblique fracture, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 45 °; Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a less backslash mouth, along the longitudinal 3.0cm that rives of backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retains the cortex after riving;
2. scion process: slightly longitudinally splay 1.5cm in the place of xylem in the obtained scion side of step (2), and form oblique fracture, the angle of splaying of oblique fracture is 45 °; Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a less backslash mouth, along the longitudinal 3.0cm that rives of backslash mouth (the oblique fracture back side), retains the cortex after riving;
The tangent plane of the scion 3cm length that 2. graft stock 3. step 1. handled well and step are handled well inserts in correspondence with each other, respective formation layer is made to be close between two and to align, the cortex that stock and two, scion retain also is close to mutually simultaneously, firmly clutch the interface of stock and scion, interface is tightly wrapped and fastening wrapping with bandage, again whole scion is wrapped with one deck sealing bandage, prevents rain water and air from entering;
(4) managing after grafting
Because weather in winter is colder, need adopt and heat lamp thus the growth temperature of nursery stock is remained on 25 DEG C, relative air humidity is 85%, and degree of shading is 80%; Need after completing grafting to remove bandage in time, and the lateral bud of eruption on graft stock of regularly erasing, promote the growth of scion sprouting: within general 15 ~ 20 days, interface starts healing, scion bud starts to sprout, and now with pocket knife, the bandage in scion rudiment place can be carried out perforate; After spike length waiting goes out true leaf, remove the bandage of grafting mouth; Observed once and the lateral bud of graft stock eruption of erasing every 7 days; Need between grafting time to keep the skin wet in right amount depending on water supply in media situation, avoid trickle to pour grafting mouth and scion joint, in addition, adopt the mode that matrix is sprayed, every strain additional mass percentage is the urea of 0.5%.
Growing state after grafting
Grafting in December, 15 ~ 20 days rear ports start healing, and scion in 30 ~ 40 days can eruption sprouting, and sprouting can wear out bandage, and now can be decided to be grafting survival (Fig. 2), graft survival rate is up to 90%.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method for Fijian santal, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) selection of stock and process
Select life in 1 ~ 2 year, configure the indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds of host in seedling stage as graft stock, in distance base portion 10 ~ 30cm At The Height cutting strunk;
(2) acquisition and processing of scion
Choose semi-lignified or lignified Fijian santal band bud faces south vertical branch bar as scion material, scion material is cut into the scion that every section retains 2 ~ 4 eyes, and removes blade;
(3) grafting process
1. graft stock process: slightly longitudinally splay 1 ~ 1.5cm in the place of xylem in the obtained graft stock side of step (1), forms oblique fracture; Oblique fracture top rear face cuts out a little backslash mouth, along the longitudinal 2 ~ 3cm that rives of backslash mouth, retains the cortex after riving;
2. scion process: slightly longitudinally splay 1 ~ 1.5cm in the place of xylem in the obtained scion side of step (2), forms oblique fracture; And cut out a little backslash mouth in oblique fracture top rear face, longitudinally to rive 2 ~ 3cm along backslash mouth, retain the cortex after riving;
3. grafting process is carried out in the scion that 2. graft stock step 1. handled well and step are handled well;
(4) managing after grafting
After completing grafting, the lateral bud of regularly erasing on graft stock, promotes the growth of scion sprouting.
2. the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The time of the described grafting process described in step (3) is March, April, June, July, August or September.
3. the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Step (3) 1. and 2. described in the angle of splaying of oblique fracture be 30 ~ 45 °.
4. the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds described in step (1) is life in 1 ~ 2 year, well-grown, trunk obviously, configure host and without the indian sandalwood seedling of growing directly from seeds of damage by disease and insect in seedling stage.
5. the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The leading thread of the graft stock described in step (1) is 0.5 ~ 1.0cm.
6. the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The length of the scion described in step (2) is that 6 ~ 10cm is long.
7. the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Step (3) 3. described in the concrete grammar of grafting process be: the long tangent plane of the 2 ~ 3cm that scion and stock longitudinally rived inserts in correspondence with each other, respective formation layer is made to be close between two and to align, the cortex that stock and two, scion retain also is close to mutually simultaneously, clutch the interface of stock and scion, tightly wrap interface with bandage and fastening wrapping, more whole scion is wrapped with bandage.
8. the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The concrete grammar of the managing after grafting described in step (4) is: after completing grafting, the lateral bud of regularly erasing on stock, promotes the growth of scion sprouting; After scion bud starts to sprout, remove bandage in scion, after spike length waiting goes out true leaf, remove the bandage on grafting mouth.
9. the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal according to claim 8, is characterized in that:
Time of the bandage in described removal scion is after grafting 7 ~ 10 days;
Time of the bandage on described removal grafting mouth is after grafting 20 ~ 30 days.
10. the heteroplastic grafting seedling-cultivating method of a kind of Fijian santal according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step (4), after completing grafting, the growing environment of nursery stock is: degree of shading 80 ~ 95%, temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C, relative air humidity 70 ~ 95%.
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