CN102232339B - Chinese character art bonsai and production method thereof - Google Patents
Chinese character art bonsai and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102232339B CN102232339B CN 201010158057 CN201010158057A CN102232339B CN 102232339 B CN102232339 B CN 102232339B CN 201010158057 CN201010158057 CN 201010158057 CN 201010158057 A CN201010158057 A CN 201010158057A CN 102232339 B CN102232339 B CN 102232339B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a Chinese character art bonsai and a bonsai obtained by the same. By combining the bonsai cultivation technology and Chinese character calligraphy art, the method adopts a Chinese character die designed in advance and enables a non-lignified nursery stock to grow along the Chinese character die through a method of reverse binding and gradual fixing along the stroke traces of the Chinese character die during the growth of the nursery stock according to the growth characteristics of a plant, so that the nursery stock can be fixed and form a Chinese character shape after being lignified; and then, the nursery stock is trimmed and shaped to obtain a new Chinese character bonsai. The entire cultivation process of the Chinese character bonsai disclosed by the invention, from seedling to finished product, needs about 18 months. Thus, the method has the advantages of resource saving, environment friendliness, quick and stable growth and shaping and the like, and is suitable for household cultivation as well as large-scale industrial production; and moreover, the obtained bonsai is beautiful and elegant in appearance, has rich national culture style and highly deserves viewing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese Character skill potted landscape and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of gardening.
Background technology
Creation forms potted landscape take plant, building stones, soil, water body, wind, rain, snow, entourage, basin, several etc. as material, the Chinese landscape painting that is full of the solid of author's thoughts and feelings, through high level overview and refinement, a kind of special art work of the graceful scene of concentrated expression the Nature.
Potted landscape is the creation of artistic beauty, with landscape painting and scenery with hills and waters gardens similarity is arranged, and takes much count of enjoyable and lyric.Although knowledge good fortune take naturally as source, but is not only merely to imitate natural scene.In the artistic technique of usually taking romanticism to combine with realism on the creation, come from the aesthetic effect that nature is higher than again nature to reach.
Potted landscape is different from potted plant reason, and just to be potted plant only be a kind of planting type, the trees flowers and plants of planting in the basin alms bowl. process without art.Potted landscape then is the product that culture technique is combined with the plastic arts height, has distinct local characteristic and graceful shaping style.Simultaneously, the trees mountain stone in the potted landscape must match with basin alms bowl, several, coordinates mutually to set off, and could consist of really perfect penjing art.
Cuttage also claims to transplant a cutting, and is a kind of propagation method commonly used that cultivates plants.(claiming plugged ear at gardening) such as stem that can the clip certain plants, leaf, root, buds, or insert in the soil, in the sand, or be immersed in the water, just can plant after by the time taking root, make it to become independently newly plant.
Chinese Character skill potted landscape is the product that bonsai culture technique and Chinese character calligraphy art organically combine, and does a penjing art form that connects smooth moulding to view and admire the potted landscape word.The preparation method of Chinese Character skill potted landscape of the present invention, can be applicable to widely nearly hundred Plants such as podocarpus, rose, spire glossy privet, banyan, peach, Lee, Japan, fiery sour jujube and Bougainvillea spectabilis, for convenient narration, the below is described explanation as an example of Bougainvillea spectabilis example, but will be clear that satisfy spray easily bending and can not finalize the design after frangibility and the branch lignification and not the nursery stock of frangibility can make of the described method of the present patent application and obtain potted landscape.
Bougainvillea spectabilis is the evergreen shape shrub that climbs up by holding on to, and the flower top is given birth to tiny, and yellow green, looks are not surprising, merge into background, and Chang Sanduo clusters in three pieces of larger bracts, arteries and veins symphysis in bennet and the tablet, and the bract oval is for mainly viewing and admiring the position.Shape during bract has the colors such as cerise, orange-yellow, aubergine, milky.Look far into the distance, three bracts that color is vivid similarly are flower in full bloom, therefore named " Bougainvillea spectabilis ".Therefore when the Winter-Spring, the bract of deep purples and bright reds-beautiful flowersa riot of brilliant purple and tender crimson represents, and gives bold and unrestrained, ardent impression, name He Chunhong again.
Bougainvillea spectabilis happiness warm and moist weather, cold-resistant, but at ability safe overwintering more than 3 ℃, can bloom more than 15 ℃.Happiness substantial light photograph, soil is required not tight, good in draining, contain well-grown in the abundant glutinous heavy loam of mineral matter, impoverishment tolerant, alkaline-resisting, drought-resistant, avoid ponding, anti-pruning.Bougainvillea spectabilis originates in Brazil of South America, just passes to the Europe cultivation about 1830s greatly, now China various places cultivation.Its happiness warm and moist, sun-drenched environment, cold-resistant, but removing the southern area outdoor cropping, China survives the winter, other area all needs potted plant and greenhouse culture.Soil is the most suitable with well-drained sand loam.Bougainvillea spectabilis is commonly used cottage propagation, grows seedlings easily, and five, the June, the lignification branch of clip maturation, long 20 centimetres, insert in the sand basin, cover glass, keep moistening, can take root about one month, cultivate and can bloom in 2 years.Whole strain is very long flowering stage, can reach three, four months.Duration of flowering fallen flowers, fallen leaves are more, need in time to remove, and keep pure and fresh attractive in appearance.Three leaf plums belong to tendril and give birth to, and breeding is simple.Only need to the early spring or late fall with its cane cuttage in soil, just can take root, and grow branches and leaves in one month.Second Year just can be bloomed. and its florescence is very long, about general January.The Bougainvillea spectabilis florescence is longer, spend many and beautiful, at the beginning of the general florescence of south is then 6 months of October to next year.
Bougainvillea spectabilis is at self-sow and artificial cultivation, and in the situation of not pruning, growth rate is exceedingly fast, and year increment can reach 4-10 rice, and semi-lignified and fully lignified old branch are very crisp, very easily fracture when crooked, and the spray of high-moisture are weak incomparable, can twist arbitrarily.Make medium with finger, can be thorny finger do 360 ° of bendings and constantly.
Existing potted landscape utilizes woody plant to be raw material mostly, adopts the method for cuttage and pruning to obtain, and design mostly is the moulding of scenery with hills and waters, trees flowers, lacks other variation.
Summary of the invention
The present patent application is considered the comparatively single defective of design that exists in the present potted landscape cultivation, design a kind of novel bonsai culture technique, this technology is in conjunction with bonsai culture technique and Chinese character calligraphy art, utilize the growth characteristics of nursery stock, adopt seedling growth along the reverse colligation of Chinese character font stroke track, prune again moulding, thereby obtain a kind of new Chinese Character skill potted landscape.
Specifically, the invention provides a kind of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape, it is characterized in that: described method may further comprise the steps:
1) font design: the word of moulding skill potted landscape as required, design can one connect smooth Chinese character printed words; For example can be that seal character, running hand and the rapid style of writing of Chinese character is connected that other can one connects any one smooth Chinese character style;
2) type matrix is made: be ready to length greater than the wire of Chinese character printed words, according to the stroke order of Chinese character printed words from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to Chinese-character order of strokes, obtain type matrix;
3) grow seedlings: choose spray, semi-lignified or complete lignified branch according to the difference of nursery stock and adopt cuttage seedling raising method to grow seedlings;
4) transplant seedlings and connect word: the nursery stock after will taking root moves in field or the basin, and every seedlings only stays a main bud; By nursery stock, the afterbody of the type matrix made is inserted in field or the basin, it is fixed, according to size and the degree of stability of type matrix, increase wire or bamboo pole as support at stable not type matrix, make it firm;
5) cultivate long word: cultivate nursery stock, the spray of seedling growth along the reverse colligation spray of the stroke order of type matrix, is utilized the characteristics that can naturally finalize the design in nursery stock self semi-lignified and the complete lignified process, spray is fixed to the type matrix shape in lignification;
6) bizet shape-designing and cultivation: as required, after the nursery stock font grows up to fully, the top of nursery stock is carried out design and the cultivation of crown moulding.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: before the seedling growth height reached 20-30cm, transplanting seedlings connect word, and every seedlings can only stay a main bud, and remaining side shoot is removed.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in the type matrix process of making, the length that will remain in advance at the type matrix top seedling growth orientation is the wire of 3-5cm, reserve the wire of the about 15cm of length at the type matrix afterbody, and the part that the type matrix afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that insert in the soil or in the basin.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape is characterized in that: when needs are made Chinese Character skill potted landscape in a large number, step 2) type matrix make and comprise following step:
1) selects plate: select a suitable size, the plank of the about 1cm of thickness, preferred plywood;
2) retouch word: one that will select connects smooth Chinese character and retouches on plank with pen;
3) fixing: with 2.5cm or the long iron nail of 4cm, under the nail of the knee of the font of retouching, the quantity that decision will be followed closely iron nail according to the flexibility size, the iron nail number that the place that camber is large needs is more, guarantee the local mellow and full nature of font bending, iron nail hammers into depth requirements in the plank and reserves length about 1cm on plank, and it is first up and then down according to the font stroke order, first left and then right that iron nail hammers into order;
4) type matrix is made: use rope, line or cloth, wire and glue pincers or wire dedicated scissors are made printed words according to the Chinese character style of retouching, and specifically, may further comprise the steps again:
A) amount word: use rope, line or cloth according to the font on the type matrix, measured, from left to right the total length of font stroke from top to bottom according to the calligraphy and painting order, add the length of about 20cm, be used for providing the length of about 15cm of the 3-5cm of type matrix head and afterbody, then rope yarn is cut off, namely obtained the normal line of font stroke total length;
B) clip wire: use the normal line according to the measured font stroke of font stroke total length, measured wire length, then with strong points such as normal lines wire is being cut off, and as standard, obtained as required the wire of respective number and tie up bundled for subsequent use;
C) type matrix is made: according to the font stroke order of retouching with pen on the font mould, with the wire that shears from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to Chinese character stroke sequence, when bending printed words, reserve at the prefix tip position wire of 3-5cm length, reserve wire more than the 15cm at afterbody, and the part that the type matrix afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that be inserted in nutritious bag or the soil, after type matrix bends, tie up bundled for subsequent use according to needs.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape is characterized in that: in step 3) in, cuttage seedling raising method comprises plot Intensive seedling breeding method and nutritious bag cuttage seedling method.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: plot Intensive seedling breeding method may further comprise the steps:
1, whole ground and basal dressing: according to the wide 100cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm, it is fixed that length is come according to the size of nursery, nursery is ploughed, plough finish after, apply one deck as base manure on the surface in railway carriage or compartment with ease of solubility composite fertilizer and decomposed dung, consumption is about 5000kg/ mu barnyard manure, 50kg/ mu composite fertilizer, evenly be sprinkling upon the surface in railway carriage or compartment, after spreading, once plough again and smooth good railway carriage or compartment face;
2, water: behind smooth good soil, be according to what and the plot of corresponding area of cuttage nursery stock quantity, water and once irrigate;
3, cutting is prepared: lignified old branch is as cutting fully for clip, and every cutting is about 15-20cm, and every cutting all will be wiped out thorn and leaf, as required, a plurality of nursery stocks can be bundled into a bundle;
4, cutting is processed: shearing or sawed branch lower end, immerse in root sun dilute solution or the ABT rooting powder solution, speed dipped in for 1 second, then took out for subsequent use;
5, cottage method: will transplant a cutting vertical the insertion in the railway carriage or compartment, insertion depth is 10cm, seeding row spacing 6cm * 8cm, and the shading screen that is plugged rear usefulness 75% obscurity covers, and shading screen is from seedling 20-30CM height, then waters once and irrigates;
6, insert post processing: all chance fine days or cloudy day all will water after inserting, and fine morning and afternoon, respectively once the cloudy day was watered water one time, until about 2 months rooting of cuttings;
7, upper bag: upper bag will be prepared first compost before, during upper bag, fills up first the thick compost of 5-6cm at the bag inner bottom part, puts into to take good nursery stock, installs compost again around nursery stock, and every young plant only stays upper end one healthy and strong main bud.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape is characterized in that: when needs are made Chinese Character skill potted landscape in a large number, step 4) transplant seedlings and connect word, the nursery stock after needing to take root moves to the field, comprises field arrangement and row Miao Liangbu, specifically may further comprise the steps:
I. field arrangement: at first will level land, the railway carriage or compartment is drawn in backguy, level land and require the removal weeds to plough with leveling land but not requiring, the plot is smooth, and the railway carriage or compartment is wide after good presses two row's nursery stock width and decide, be not advisable not contact mutually, length is decided on cultivating the place actual conditions, and backguy is drawn the railway carriage or compartment in railway carriage or compartment apart from being 60-80cm;
Ii. arrange seedling: the bag seedling is extended respectively be arranged in the face of railway carriage or compartment, two rows are only arranged in every railway carriage or compartment, and namely two bags of bag seedlings are only put in wide of railway carriage or compartment, bag with bag between the spacing of 10cm just in time, the bag seedling spacing that the long one side in railway carriage or compartment is put is as the criterion with the face size width, and printed words and the printed words 10cm of being separated by is advisable.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape is characterized in that: step 5) cultivation long word process specifically comprise the steps:
1) field management: comprise fertilizing management, water management, weeding management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, guarantee the nursery stock healthy growth;
2) colligation or cloth twine: specifically be divided into for 5 steps:
I. step 1: when treating the height of seedling 40cm left and right sides, the blade that seedling is done stays 4-5 sheet blade except the top, and all the other are all wiped out;
Ii. step 2: with nursery stock by the root portion colligation at metal printed words afterbody, fix with metal synnema or cloth one end colligation, an end is wound to the turning from bottom to top along the type matrix stroke;
Iii. step 3: at the printed words turning, carefully the seedling dry-pressing is curved and type matrix stroke is affixed, and progressively slowly replace seedling is done fixed along the type matrix colligation, speed is unsuitable too fast during colligation, it is soft that action is wanted, so repeatedly, until colligation or be wound into from terminal bud 5-6cm place fixedly stops, waiting for that next time colligation or the seedling that is fastened do;
Iv. step 4: the sprouting regrowth repeats the process of above-mentioned steps 3 during to the 10cm left and right sides, in colligation or when twining, if find that Miao Ganshang has axillalry bud to grow, must erase, and one is not stayed;
V. step 5: colligation or twine nursery stock before the nursery stock lignification, the time interval is 3-10 days;
3) lighten restrictions on: namely lighten restrictions on after semi-lignified or complete lignification when seedling growth, plantling does and can finalize the design fully with the colligation track by nature after the complete lignification of nursery stock.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape is characterized in that: step 6) bizet shape-designing and cultivation comprise that natural style bizet moulding cultivation, semicircle knot top add waft a formula bizet moulding cultivation and cloud sheet formula bizet and cultivate.
The present invention also comprises the resulting potted landscape of preparation method by above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape.
Chinese Character of the present invention skill making method for its potted landscape, the production time approximately needs 12-18 month, specifically: coinage and grow seedlings and can carry out simultaneously, approximately need 3 months, the long word stage approximately needs 6 months, and the bizet moulding is cultivated approximately needs 6 months, and upper basin is cultivated approximately needs 3 months.
Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention has following advantage:
1) penjing art and traditional culture of the Chinese nation art are combined, have strong national style;
2) modern design has been filled up the blank in present flower landscape market, has enriched consumer's selection;
3) good looking appearance, pleasing, be imbued with esthetic sentiment;
4) both can small-scale domestic culture, also can be suitable for large-scale industrial production and cultivate;
5) with short production cycle, shaping speed is fast and stable, strange word or book from heaven can not occur in the production process, and whole production process only needs 12-18 month from inserting seedling to finished product;
6) the employing cuttage of growing seedlings has been saved resource, environmental protection in a large number.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the coinage process schematic diagram of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the long word process schematic diagram of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the final effect schematic diagram of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention.
Embodiment
The below is described explanation with concrete example to the described Chinese Character skill of the present patent application making method for its potted landscape; should be understood that; such explanation is that the described content of the present patent application is explained in detail; be convenient to the public and better understand the present invention; should not be construed as the restriction to the present invention's technology contents required for protection; in fact, any change within the Spirit Essence of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention is all within the protection domain of the present patent application.
Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
One, coinage: design can one connects smooth Chinese character style, and it is for subsequent use to be converted into corresponding Chinese character with wire; Open-air or the booth rapid batch production of Chinese Character skill potted landscape at first will be ready to the wire type matrix at the seedling growth height before 20-30cm, how much will coming according to the production scale size of coinage is fixed, specifically, may further comprise the steps:
1, material is prepared: copybook, the thickness plank more than 1cm, preferably use plywood, the iron nail that 2.5cm or 4cm are long and iron hammer or axe, chopper, glue pincers, wire dedicated scissors, pen (chalk, live charcoal also can), brush and rag etc.;
2, word selection: be ready to one of energy and connect smooth various font copybooks, the selected Chinese character style printed words of wanting moulding;
3, Mold Making: method of the present invention have draw materials easy, with low cost, simple to operate, and characteristics that can reuse, detailed process is as follows:
1) selects plate: select a suitable size, the plank that thickness 1cm is above, preferred plywood;
2) retouch word: a Chinese character that connects smoothness will selecting is retouched on plank with pen, can make amendment and replotting according to the wish of oneself, until oneself is satisfied, revises part and can wipe correction with rag;
3) fixing: with 2.5cm or the long iron nail of 4cm, under the nail of the knee of the font of retouching, the quantity that decision will be followed closely iron nail according to the flexibility size, the iron nail number that the place that camber is large needs is more, guarantee the local mellow and full nature of font bending, iron nail hammers into depth requirements in the plank and reserves length about 1cm on plank, and it is first up and then down according to the font stroke order, first left and then right that iron nail hammers into order.
4, type matrix is made: use rope, line or cloth, wire and glue pincers or wire dedicated scissors are made type matrix according to the Chinese character style of retouching, and specifically, may further comprise the steps:
1) amount word: according to the font on the type matrix, from top to bottom, from left to right measured the total length of font stroke according to the calligraphy and painting order with rope, line or cloth, added 20cm, then rope yarn has been cut off, namely obtained the normal line of font stroke total length;
2) clip wire: use the normal line according to the measured font stroke of font stroke total length, measured wire length, then with strong points such as normal lines wire is being cut off, can first the wire examination that obtains be rolled over once, confirm that further length wiry meets the requirement of font, and as standard, obtain as required the wire of respective number and tie up bundled for subsequent use.
3) type matrix is made: according to the font stroke order of retouching with pen on the font mould, with the wire that shears from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to Chinese-character order of strokes, when bending printed words, reserve at the prefix tip position wire of 3-5cm length, reserve wire more than the 15cm at afterbody, and the part that afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that be inserted in nutritious bag or the soil, after type matrix bends, tie up bundled for subsequent use according to needs.
Two, grow seedlings: can adopt cuttage to grow seedlings, can be divided into again plot Intensive seedling breeding and nutritious bag cuttage and grow seedlings two kinds, specifically:
(1) plot Intensive seedling breeding method, its step is as follows:
1) whole ground and basal dressing: according to the wide 100cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm, it is fixed that length is come according to the size of nursery, nursery is ploughed, plough finish after, apply one deck as base manure on the surface in railway carriage or compartment with ease of solubility composite fertilizer and decomposed dung, consumption is about 5000kg/ mu barnyard manure, 50kg/ mu composite fertilizer, evenly be sprinkling upon the surface in railway carriage or compartment, after spreading, once plough again and smooth good railway carriage or compartment face.
2) water: behind smooth good soil, be according to what and the plot of corresponding area of cuttage nursery stock quantity, water and once irrigate;
3) cutting is prepared: distinguish clip spray 10cm, semi-lignified and complete lignified branch as cutting according to different nursery stocks, every long 15cm of cutting, all thorn and leaf will being wiped out of every cutting spinosity, stingless only need wipe out leaf, as required, can be per 10 prick a bundles, the branch of bough can be sawed-off with saw;
4) cutting is processed: shearing or sawed branch lower end, immerse in root sun dilute solution or the ABT rooting powder solution (concentration disposes according to operation instructions), speed dipped in for 1 second, then took out for subsequent use;
5) cottage method: will transplant a cutting in the vertical insertion railway carriage or compartment, insertion depth is 10cm, and seeding row spacing 6cm * 8cm waters once after inserting;
6) insert post processing: all chance fine days or cloudy day all will water after inserting, and fine morning and afternoon, respectively once it is just passable that the cloudy day is watered a water, until about 2 months rooting of cuttings if find that when watering the railway carriage or compartment face has weeds, adopt and manually remove with hand-lifting, behind the rooting of cuttings, should go up bag immediately and cultivate; The method that checks rooting of cuttings is: transplanting a cutting rear about 45 days, get the soil that a little excavates gently near the cutting end portion on the limit, railway carriage or compartment with spud, if see having root to grow, wait a week again, just can dig bag on the seedling;
7) upper bag: will prepare first compost before the upper bag, compost is ripe garden mould, the superphosphate that adds the amount of burying 1% in mellow soil gets final product, if the immature soil is mountain loess or mountain laterite, then according to 1 part of coconut palm chaff, the superphosphate mixed preparing of 2 parts of mountain mud and 3 parts of total amounts 1%, after compost is ready to, take the ground seedling, and cut off 90% blade and carry out upper bag, require while taking bag on the leaf-cutting limit, during upper bag, fill up first the thick compost of 5-6cm at the bag inner bottom part, utilize and prune good nursery stock, left hand is fixed seedling, and the right hand installs compost around seedling, be filled to apart from getting final product along 2cm on the sack, the nutritious bag specification be 21cm * 17cm (according to actual conditions, select other all size the bag or basin all can);
8) management behind the upper bag: will water once immediately behind the upper bag, and irrigate, all fine days or cloudy day all will water, except rainy day, in afternoon in the morning respectively waters once fine, and the cloudy day get final product once a day, and upper bag was watered pouring once with 1% urea liquid in 10 days afterwards, fertilising in per 15 days is later on once spread fertilizer over the fields with composite fertilizer.
(2) nutritious bag cuttage seedling method, its key step is as follows:
1, compost (claiming again matrix) is prepared: following prescription is arranged:
Prescription one: coconut palm chaff Nutrition Soil, ratio are 1 part of coconut palm chaff, 2 parts of mountain mud, and the peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers of adding composite soil total amount 1%;
Two: the 3 parts of vegetable garden soils of filling a prescription, 1 part of barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed adds the phosphate fertilizer of composite soil total amount 1% again;
Three: the 2 parts of mountain mud of filling a prescription, 1 part of barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed adds the phosphate fertilizer of composite soil total amount 1.5% again;
More than three formula nutritional soil, no matter with which prescription, all want mix even.
2, Nutrition Soil pack: select a kind of prescription, prepare scuppit and nutrition plastic bag, concrete steps are as follows:
1) smooth plot: the pack plot of putting requires smooth, compacting, without weeds, thus at first to remove weeds and the rubble for the treatment of on the smooth plot, with the leveling compacting of rugged plot;
2) rope is put in backguy: by the wide 120cm in railway carriage or compartment, aisle 50cm, length is pressed seedling ground actual conditions and is decided, and line is put rope;
3) stack Nutrition Soil: evenly stack the Nutrition Soil for preparing according to the pack consumption on the face of railway carriage or compartment, available trolley or the mode of manually carrying a load are deposited in the Nutrition Soil for preparing in the face of railway carriage or compartment according to consumption, also can stack while packing Nutrition Soil;
4) pack: with scuppit Nutrition Soil is contained in the nutritious bag of required specification (for example nutritious bag of 21cm * 17cm size), every railway carriage or compartment is put 8 bags by the railway carriage or compartment is wide, be close to discharging, and dress soil will be filled the sack below the sack 1cm reality;
5) piling: the installation sprinkling irrigation of having ready conditions, then need not the piling top, general usefulness is manually watered water spray, then must lay as dowel pin with bamboo or assorted round log in four jiaos in railway carriage or compartment face, select diameter 6-8cm thickness, bamboo about length 60cm or assorted round log are a dowel pin, at one end the 15cm place begins to fine away with cutter, after dowel pin is cut, four jiaos of the railway carriage or compartment face each make a call to one, in order to water when drawing water pipe, culture bag can not dragged down;
3, transplant a cutting to prepare: if select Bougainvillea spectabilis, then select fully lignified old limb to cut out the limb that length is 15-20cm as material by the thickness of limb, after cutting, discharge according to order end to end, and the limb of equal in length is banded together;
4, transplant a cutting to process: first taking root liquid solution (for example root sun root-growing agent or ABT root-growing agent) is prepared the solution of respective concentration according to the ratio on the product description, the lower end (head) of again a bundle bundle being transplanted a cutting is placed on takes out after the root-growing agent solution middling speed that has just prepared dipped in for 1 second;
5, cottage method: the nutritious bag that will install Nutrition Soil before cuttage waters once permeable, then the cutting that will handle well is vertically inserted in the bag, only insert one for every bag, the degree of depth of inserting is advisable with 10cm, the method that checks the cutting upper and lower side is as follows: take Bougainvillea spectabilis as example, lunge of the equal association of each axillalry bud, even wipe out lunge, the rear portion of lunge is also stayed in the cutting, thorn is upper, and axillalry bud so just can be differentiated the upper and lower side (being tail end) of cutting lower, it is tail end that thorn is exactly the upper end at a upper end, axillalry bud under an end be exactly the lower end be head end; The petiole of general plant is lower, and axillalry bud is upper, axillalry bud a upper end be exactly the upper end be tail end, petiole under an end be exactly the lower end be head end.
6, insert after management: no matter fine day or cloudy day all will water, fine morning and afternoon each once, the cloudy day, the rainy day did not water once a day, until take root; It should be noted that to transplant a cutting the false phenomenon of giving birth to is arranged, especially at hot weather, at this moment, if had polygerm to grow in slotting rear 15 days, the terminal bud of a stalwartness is only stayed in every strain, remaining is all erased, if the long speed of the blastogenesis that stays is also very fast, then terminal bud is destroyed, only stay the blade at the bottom of the bud, like this to guarantee nutrient and the moisture of cutting, in order to taking root;
Three, transplant seedlings: nursery stock is extended arrangement after taking root in nutritious bag, and the purpose that the bag seedling is extended arrangement is to be beneficial to the printed words molding operation, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1, field arrangement: at first will level land, the railway carriage or compartment is drawn in backguy, level land and require the removal weeds to plough with leveling land but not requiring, the plot is smooth, and the railway carriage or compartment is wide after good presses two row's nursery stock width and decide, be not advisable not contact mutually, length is decided on cultivating the place actual conditions, and backguy is drawn the railway carriage or compartment in railway carriage or compartment apart from being 60-80cm;
2, row's seedling: the bag seedling extended respectively be arranged in the face of railway carriage or compartment, two rows are only arranged in every railway carriage or compartment, and namely two bags of bag seedlings are only put in wide of railway carriage or compartment, bag with bag between the spacing of 10cm just in time, the bag seedling spacing that the long one side in railway carriage or compartment is put is as the criterion with the face size width, and printed words and the printed words 10cm of being separated by is advisable;
Four, fixing printed words: after a bag seedling arranges, wire about the afterbody 15cm of the printed words made is inserted about 8cm in the bag, and increase by one at radical position, the left side of each printed words and be about the long iron wire of 30-40cm or bamboo bar as support, in its underpart insertion bag or in the outer soil of bag, tie up on the radical of printed words on top, so just whole printed words has fully firmly been fixed; This fixation is applicable to the printed words of the Chinese Character skill potted landscape of all face sizes of printed words below 50cm * 50cm and fixes; Greater than the above large type-word skill potted landscape of 50cm * 50cm, its fixed word sample prescription rule adopts edge-on triangle fixation to carry out for face size, and material adopts thicker bamboo and assorted garden waddy or thicker reinforcing bar binding to become edge-on triangle to fix printed words; The arrangement of printed words is such: the back side that is between row and row printed words is relative with the back side, between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment be the front of printed words and front in opposite directions;
Five; long word: cultivate nursery stock; and progressively make from the bottom to top fixing shaping of Chinese character pattern that Miao Ganyan fixes with seedling growth; the principle of long word is such: take Bougainvillea spectabilis as example; the Bougainvillea spectabilis growth rate is exceedingly fast; and be overgrowing property plant partly; after limb growth semi-lignified and the complete lignification; be highly brittle; fracture easily; and high-moisture tender shoots branch is soft incomparable; can be arbitrarily crooked characteristics; these characteristics also all possess for most plants; adopt seedling growth to twine the method for growth along the reverse colligation of type matrix stroke track or cloth; utilize colligation or cloth to twine the tender shoots branch, by plant self semi-lignified and complete lignified process and the natural characteristics of typing, thus make seedling growth speed and the long word speed of finalizing the design synchronous; shorten so greatly the whole incubation time of Chinese Character skill potted landscape, reached the purpose of fast culture and standardization large-scale production.Utilize in addition in plant semi-lignified and the complete lignified process, the characteristics that the tender shoots branch is finalized the design naturally strange word or book from heaven can not occur in the manufacturing process, have accomplished that really kind " good fortune " gets " good fortune ", kind " high post " gets " high post ".Specifically may further comprise the steps:
1, field management: comprise again fertilizing management, the aspects such as management, weeding management and the extermination of disease and insect pest of watering, guarantee the plant healthy growth; The fertilizer of executing comprises the urea of barnyard manure, composite fertilizer and 2%;
2, colligation or cloth twine: specifically be divided into for 5 steps:
1) step 1: when treating the height of seedling 20-30cm left and right sides, the blade that seedling is done stays 4-5 sheet blade except the top, and all the other are all wiped out;
2) step 2: lean on the root portion colligation at the metal character die afterbody nursery stock, fix with iron synnema or cloth one end colligation, an end is wound to the turning from bottom to top along the printed words stroke;
3) step 3: at the printed words turning, carefully the seedling dry-pressing is curved and printed words stroke is affixed, and progressively slowly replace seedling is done fixed along the printed words colligation, speed is unsuitable too fast during colligation, it is soft that action is wanted, so repeatedly, until colligation or be wound into from terminal bud 5-6cm place fixedly stops, waiting for that next time colligation or the seedling that is fastened do;
4) step 4: when the 10cm left and right sides is arrived in the sprouting regrowth, repeat the process of above-mentioned steps 3, when colligation or winding, if find that Miao Ganshang has axillalry bud to grow, must erase, and is not stayed;
5) step 5: later colligation or winding nursery stock are then decided on seedling growth situation and type matrix camber, it may be 3-10 days, it should be noted that: after can not waiting until the dried semi-lignified of seedling or complete lignification, carry out again colligation or winding, because very crisp after the dried semi-lignified of seedling or the complete lignification, very easily fracture;
3, lighten restrictions on: namely lighten restrictions on after semi-lignified or complete lignification when seedling growth, plantling does and can finalize the design fully with the colligation track by nature after the complete lignification of nursery stock; Because the described method of the present patent application is to adopt with seedling growth constantly colligation and twine dried the making it of seedling to carry out with type matrix stroke positioning synchronous, while doing to grow, seedling wears out, thus be the location of colligation on one side, Yi Bian lighten restrictions on;
Six, the bizet moulding is cultivated: Chinese Character skill potted landscape bizet Modeling Technology of the present invention and bonsai Modeling Technology are basic identical, be divided into natural style bizet moulding cultivation, semicircle knot top and add waft a formula bizet moulding cultivation and cloud sheet formula bizet and cultivate three kinds, below introduced respectively:
1, the moulding of natural style bizet is cultivated: be a kind of skill method that the limb self-sow adds artificial pruning of letting alone, its main points are:
1) cut off Miao Gan top, grow up to when word is dried, allow seedling do continued growth one month, seedling is done height 10cm place above printed words, cuts off seedling is dried with secateurs, cuts off partly and gives it up;
2) pass in time, seedling can grow lateral bud on doing, and the lateral bud of the Miao Ganshang of the dried above part of printed words word this moment is not erased, and let alone growth, and the lateral bud that word grows on doing will be erased all;
3) limb of self-sow can be very at random, it cut not with secateurs according to the limb that all impacts of its growing state are attractive in appearance;
4) the bizet height is advisable with 1.2 times of printed words height, and the amplitude of bizet doubly is advisable with the 3-4 of printed words width;
5) water and fertilizer management and herbicidal methods and the extermination of disease and insect pest are identical during water and fertilizer management and herbicidal methods and the extermination of disease and insect pest and the seedling growth;
2, semicircle knot top adds a formula bizet moulding cultivation of wafing: processing step is as follows:
1) designs first the bizet modelling pattern, such as three stipule shapes or five stipule shapes;
2) make the short handle badminton racquet shape dried skeleton of lopwood that wafts with wire;
3) the printed words word is dried grow up to after, it is a with bizet shape-designing pattern whenever to select good strains in the field for seed, and above trunk is done in word curve corresponding serpentine, the turning outer point is respectively stayed 1 bud, as the branch that wafts;
4) the bizet height is done 1.3 times of height and is advisable to be no more than word, and amplitude is that 4 times of printed words width are advisable;
5) word is dried grow up to after, its trunk still continues up to grow, and bends the serpentine shape with trunk grow, after its complete lignification, locating with 1.1 times of printed words height from the printed words overhead height, cuts off with secateurs, and will cut part and remove;
6) a wire armature colligation of will wafing this moment is fixed on the relevant position, along with the limb growth, a major branch that wafts hits exactly colligation with cloth along the limb skeleton, the sprig open and flat colligation of iron synnema, later stage is strengthened pruning, and three buds are reserved at the top, pulls into horizontal shape with growth with rope or wire, colligation is fixed, and the later stage manually prunes;
7) water and fertilizer management, herbicidal methods and the extermination of disease and insect pest and early stage seedling growth water and fertilizer management, herbicidal methods identical with the extermination of disease and insect pest;
3, cloud sheet formula bizet is cultivated: the method is the typical style that poplar is sent the moulding of schools of bonsai potted landscape technology, main employing monofilament is coiled and is pricked the operation technique of skill and " one-inch three is curved ", its technique is loaded down with trivial details, consuming time longer, method of the present invention has been abandoned the bundle skill of coiling, and adopts wire model to add the pruning gimmick, make it form fast cloud sheet, processing step is as follows:
1) designs first the bizet modelling pattern, for example I-shaped cloud sheet, three-layer type cloud sheet or five laminar cloud sheets;
2) wait for a right man to marry after dried growing up to, allow its seedling do and continue up growth, after the complete lignification of trunk, be that 0.6 times or 1.1 times of printed words height is located at the trunk height, with secateurs it is cut off, and will cut part and remove, the trunk that the printed words height is 0.6 times is used for cultivating two or three-chip type cloud sheet, and 1.1 times of high trunks of printed words height are used for cultivating the cloud sheet more than four;
3) stay twig with reference to layout in the relevant position;
4) wire of clip corresponding length is made the model of " blade " shape, and the top is blade shaped, and size is decided according to design, and side length is 6cm, so that colligation is fixed;
5) ready-made model colligation is fixed on corresponding position, growth according to limb hits exactly colligation with major branch along model with cloth, side shoot is according to the open and flat colligation of model leaf, after limb semi-lignified and complete lignification, limb is finalized the design naturally, later stage is strengthened pruning, and makes it to form cloud sheet, after the shaping wire model is removed;
6) the top cloud sheet is cultivated, and does first an oblong foliaceous gauze, and there is a metal wire foot center, after carrying out the metal wire foot is fixed on the trunk top, afterwards that caulody is open and flat, colligation is fixed on the gauze, later stage is strengthened pruning, and makes it to form and protection cloud sheet state;
7) water and fertilizer management, weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest are identical with seedling growth phase water and fertilizer management, weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest;
Seven, upper basin is cultivated: specifically, processing step is as follows:
1, the most of blade of bizet that will go up first the plant of basin is wiped out, but can not have influence on bizet moulding shape;
The plant that 2, will go up basin and wipe out blade is completely cured except bag, and prunes long unnecessary root;
3, Nutrition Soil is prepared: the preparation of Nutrition Soil is the same with bag Nutrition Soil on the nursery stock;
4, prepare flowerpot: select in the bore flowerpot that is slightly larger than the printed words width, plastic cement basin, mud earthen basin, the pottery pot any one;
5, first that the basin bottom outlet hole is good with tile or glue gauze pad, reinstall the thick Nutrition Soil of 5-6cm, put into the plant that a strain is dug and pruning is good, position, space around the plant is filled up with Nutrition Soil, cover root 2cm to get final product;
6, water: the plant that will install basin arranges, and then namely will water once, and irrigate, and along with watering, the new clothes Nutrition Soil will be gone down and heavy real with water, no matter fine day or cloudy day all need water later on;
7, fertilising, weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest: upper basin has new root to grow after 15 days, available composite fertilizer topdresses once, and later on each month fertilising once when watering or apply fertilizer, in time weeds a garden, and according to growing state in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest;
8, prune: prune according to growing state and shaping needs;
9, spray once on the blade face with florigen or micro-concentrated fertilizer per month, make its flourishing with flowers and leaves, longer blooming period is until potted landscape forms.
The whole cultivating process of the described Chinese Character skill potted landscape of the present patent application from inserting seedling, roughly needs 18 months time, and resulting potted landscape good looking appearance is generous, and has strong national culture style, and sight is extremely strong.
Claims (8)
1. Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape, it is characterized in that: described method may further comprise the steps:
1) font design: the word of moulding skill potted landscape as required, design can one connect smooth Chinese character printed words;
2) type matrix is made: be ready to length greater than the wire of Chinese character printed words, according to the stroke order of Chinese character printed words from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to Chinese character stroke sequence, obtain type matrix, comprise following step,
A) select plate: select a suitable size, the plank of the about 1cm of thickness;
B) retouch word: one that will select connects smooth Chinese character and retouches on plank with pen;
C) fixing: with 2.5cm or the long iron nail of 4cm, under the nail of the knee of the font of retouching, the quantity that decision will be followed closely iron nail according to the flexibility size, the iron nail number that the place that camber is large needs is more, guarantee the local mellow and full nature of font bending, iron nail hammers into depth requirements in the plank and reserves length about 1cm on plank, and it is first up and then down according to the font stroke order, first left and then right that iron nail hammers into order;
D) type matrix is made: use rope, line or cloth, wire and glue pincers or wire dedicated scissors are made type matrix according to the Chinese character style of retouching, specifically, may further comprise the steps again,
A. measure word: according to the font on the type matrix, measured, from left to right the total length of font stroke from top to bottom according to the calligraphy and painting order with rope, line or cloth, added about 20cm, then rope yarn has been cut off, namely obtained the normal line of font stroke total length;
B. clip wire: use the normal line according to the measured font stroke of font stroke total length, measured wire length, then with strong points such as normal lines wire is being cut off, and as standard, obtained as required the wire of respective number and tie up bundled for subsequent use;
C. type matrix is made: according to the font stroke order of retouching with pen on the font mould, with the wire that shears from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to Chinese-character order of strokes, when bending printed words, reserve at the prefix tip position wire of 3-5cm length, reserve wire more than the 15cm at afterbody, and the part that afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that be inserted in nutritious bag or the soil, after type matrix bends, tie up bundled for subsequent use according to needs;
3) grow seedlings: choose spray, semi-lignified or complete lignified branch according to the difference of nursery stock and adopt cuttage seedling raising method to grow seedlings;
4) transplant seedlings and connect word: the every strain of the nursery stock after will taking root only stays a bud to move in field or the basin, by nursery stock, the afterbody of the type matrix made is inserted in field or the basin, it is fixed, size and degree of stability according to type matrix, increase wire or bamboo pole as support at stable not type matrix, make it firm;
5) cultivate long word: cultivate nursery stock, with the spray of seedling growth along the reverse colligation spray of the stroke order of type matrix, the characteristics of utilizing nursery stock in self semi-lignified and complete lignified process, can naturally finalize the design, spray is fixed to the type matrix shape in lignification;
6) bizet shape-designing and cultivation: as required, after the nursery stock font grows up to fully, the top of nursery stock is carried out design and the cultivation of crown moulding.
2. the preparation method of Chinese Character claimed in claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: before the seedling growth height reached 20cm, transplanting seedlings connect word.
3. the preparation method of Chinese Character claimed in claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in the type matrix process of making, to reserve at the type matrix top wire of 3-5cm length, reserve the wire of the about 15cm of length at the type matrix afterbody, and the part that the type matrix afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that insert in the soil or in the basin.
4. the preparation method of Chinese Character claimed in claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: in step 3), cuttage seedling raising method comprises plot Intensive seedling breeding method and nutritious bag cuttage seedling method.
5. the preparation method of Chinese Character claimed in claim 4 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: plot Intensive seedling breeding method may further comprise the steps:
1) whole ground and basal dressing: according to the wide 100cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm, it is fixed that length is come according to the size of nursery, nursery is ploughed, plough finish after, apply one deck as base manure on the surface in railway carriage or compartment with ease of solubility composite fertilizer and decomposed dung, consumption is about 5000kg/ mu barnyard manure, 50kg/ mu composite fertilizer, evenly be sprinkling upon the surface in railway carriage or compartment, after spreading, once plough again and smooth good railway carriage or compartment face;
2) water: behind smooth good soil, be according to what and the plot of corresponding area of cuttage nursery stock quantity, water and once irrigate;
3) cutting is prepared: according to different nursery stocks, clip spray, semi-lignified and complete lignified branch are transplanted a cutting for every and are grown 10-15cm as cutting, thorn and leaf will being wiped out of every cutting spinosity do not stung, as long as leaf is wiped out, as required, a plurality of nursery stocks are bundled into a bundle;
4) cutting is processed: shearing or sawed branch lower end, immerse in root sun dilute solution or the ABT rooting powder solution, speed dipped in for 1 second, then took out for subsequent use;
5) cottage method: will transplant a cutting vertical the insertion in the railway carriage or compartment, insertion depth is 10cm, seeding row spacing 6cm * 8cm, and the shading screen that is plugged rear usefulness 75% obscurity covers, and shading screen is from seedling 20-30CM height, then waters once and irrigates;
6) insert rear management: all chance fine days or cloudy day all will water after inserting, and fine morning and afternoon, respectively once the cloudy day was watered water one time, until about 2 months rooting of cuttings;
7) upper bag: upper bag will be prepared first compost before, during upper bag, fills up first the thick compost of 5-6cm at the bag inner bottom part, puts into to take good nursery stock, installs compost again around nursery stock, and every young plant only stays a bud of upper end stalwartness.
6. the preparation method of Chinese Character claimed in claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: the cultivation long word process of step 5) specifically comprises the steps:
1) field management: comprise fertilizing management, water management, weeding management and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, guarantee the nursery stock healthy growth;
2) colligation or cloth twine: specifically be divided into for 5 steps:
I. step 1: when treating the height of seedling 20-30cm left and right sides, the blade that seedling is done stays 4-5 sheet blade except the top, and all the other are all wiped out;
Ii. step 2: with nursery stock by the root portion colligation at the metal character die afterbody, fix with iron synnema or cloth one end colligation, an end is wound to the turning from bottom to top along the printed words stroke;
Iii. step 3: at the type matrix turning, careful be affixed with the type matrix stroke the seedling dry-pressing is curved, and progressively slowly replace seedling is done fixed along the printed words colligation, speed is unsuitable too fast during colligation, it is soft that action is wanted, so repeatedly, until colligation or be wound into from terminal bud 5-6cm place fixedly stops, waiting for that next time colligation or the seedling that is fastened do;
Iv. step 4: the sprouting regrowth repeats the process of above-mentioned steps 3 during to the 10cm left and right sides, in colligation or when twining, if find that Miao Ganshang has axillalry bud to grow, must erase, and one is not stayed;
V. step 5: colligation or twine nursery stock before the nursery stock lignification, the time interval is 3-10 days;
3) lighten restrictions on: namely lighten restrictions on after semi-lignified or complete lignification when seedling growth, plantling does and can finalize the design fully with the colligation track by nature after the complete lignification of nursery stock.
7. the preparation method of Chinese Character claimed in claim 1 skill potted landscape is characterized in that: the bizet shape-designing of step 6) and cultivation comprise that natural style bizet moulding cultivation, semicircle knot top add waft a formula bizet moulding cultivation and cloud sheet formula bizet and cultivate.
8. the preparation method of Chinese Character claimed in claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: when needs were made Chinese Character skill potted landscape in a large number, transplanting seedlings of step 4) connect word, and the nursery stock after needing to take root moves to the field, comprise field arrangement and row Miao Liangbu, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) field arrangement: at first will level land, the railway carriage or compartment is drawn in backguy, level land and require the removal weeds to plough with leveling land but not requiring, the plot is smooth, and the railway carriage or compartment is wide after good presses two row's nursery stock width and decide, be not advisable not contact mutually, length is decided on cultivating the place actual conditions, and backguy is drawn the railway carriage or compartment in railway carriage or compartment apart from being 60-80cm;
2) row's seedling: the bag seedling extended respectively be arranged in the face of railway carriage or compartment, two rows are only arranged in every railway carriage or compartment, and namely two bags of bag seedlings are only put in wide of railway carriage or compartment, bag with bag between the spacing of 10cm just in time, the bag seedling spacing that the long one side in railway carriage or compartment is put is as the criterion with the face size width, and printed words and the printed words 10cm of being separated by is advisable.
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