CN102232339A - Chinese character art bonsai and production method thereof - Google Patents
Chinese character art bonsai and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102232339A CN102232339A CN 201010158057 CN201010158057A CN102232339A CN 102232339 A CN102232339 A CN 102232339A CN 201010158057 CN201010158057 CN 201010158057 CN 201010158057 A CN201010158057 A CN 201010158057A CN 102232339 A CN102232339 A CN 102232339A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a Chinese character art bonsai and a bonsai obtained by the same. By combining the bonsai cultivation technology and Chinese character calligraphy art, the method adopts a Chinese character die designed in advance and enables a non-lignified nursery stock to grow along the Chinese character die through a method of reverse binding and gradual fixing along the stroke traces of the Chinese character die during the growth of the nursery stock according to the growth characteristics of a plant, so that the nursery stock can be fixed and form a Chinese character shape after being lignified; and then, the nursery stock is trimmed and shaped to obtain a new Chinese character bonsai. The entire cultivation process of the Chinese character bonsai disclosed by the invention, from seedling to finished product, needs about 18 months. Thus, the method has the advantages of resource saving, environment friendliness, quick and stable growth and shaping and the like, and is suitable for household cultivation as well as large-scale industrial production; and moreover, the obtained bonsai is beautiful and elegant in appearance, has rich national culture style and highly deserves viewing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese Character skill potted landscape and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of gardening.
Background technology
Potted landscape is that the material creation forms with plant, building stones, soil, water body, wind, rain, snow, entourage, basin, several etc., the Chinese landscape painting that is full of the solid of author's thoughts and feelings, be through high level overview and refinement, a kind of special art work of the graceful scene of concentrated expression the Nature.
Potted landscape is the creation of artistic beauty, with landscape painting and scenery with hills and waters gardens similarity is arranged, and takes much count of enjoyable and lyric.Though knowledge good fortune being source naturally, but is not only merely to imitate natural scene.In the artistic technique of usually taking romanticism to combine on the creation, come from the aesthetic effect that nature is higher than nature again to reach with realism.
Potted landscape is different from potted plant reason, and just to be potted plant only be a kind of planting type, the trees flowers and plants of planting in the basin alms bowl. process without art.Potted landscape then is culture technique and the product that the plastic arts height combines, and has distinct local characteristic and graceful shaping style.Simultaneously, the trees mountain stone in the potted landscape must match with basin alms bowl, several, coordinates mutually to set off, and could constitute really perfect penjing art.
Cuttage also claims to transplant a cutting, and is a kind of propagation method commonly used that cultivates plants.(on gardening, claiming plugged ear) such as stem that can the clip certain plants, leaf, root, buds, or insert in the soil, in the sand, or be immersed in the water, the back of taking root by the time just can be planted, and makes it to become independently plant newly.
Chinese Character skill potted landscape is the product that potted landscape culture technique and Chinese character calligraphy art organically combine, and does a penjing art form that connects smooth moulding to view and admire the potted landscape word.The preparation method of Chinese Character skill potted landscape of the present invention, can be applicable to nearly hundred plant species such as podocarpus, rose, spire glossy privet, banyan, peach, Lee, Japan, fiery sour jujube and triangle plum widely, narration for convenience, be that example is described explanation with the triangle plum below, but will be clear that satisfy spray easily bending and can not finalize the design after frangibility and the branch lignification and not the nursery stock of frangibility can use the described method of the present patent application to make to obtain potted landscape.
The triangle plum is the evergreen shape shrub that climbs up by holding on to, and the flower top is given birth to tiny, and yellow green, looks are not surprising, merge into background, and Chang Sanduo clusters in three pieces of bigger bracts, arteries and veins symphysis in bennet and the tablet, and the bract oval is for mainly viewing and admiring the position.Shape during bract has colors such as cerise, orange-yellow, aubergine, milky.Look far into the distance, three bracts that color is vivid similarly are flower in full bloom, so name " triangle plum ".Therefore when the Winter-Spring, the bract of deep purples and bright reds-beautiful flowersa riot of brilliant purple and tender crimson represents, and gives bold and unrestrained, ardent impression, name He Chunhong again.
Triangle plum happiness warm and moist weather, cold-resistant, but at ability safe overwintering more than 3 ℃, can bloom more than 15 ℃.Happiness substantial light photograph, soil is required not tight, good in draining, contain well-grown in the abundant glutinous heavy loam of mineral matter, impoverishment tolerant, alkaline-resisting, drought-resistant, avoid ponding, anti-pruning.The triangle plum originates in Brazil of South America, just passes to the Europe cultivation about 1830s greatly, China various places cultivation now.Its happiness warm and moist, sun-drenched environment, not cold-resistant, but removing the southern area outdoor cropping, China survives the winter, other area all needs potted plant and greenhouse culture.Soil is the most suitable with well-drained sand loam.The triangle plum is used cottage propagation always, grows seedlings easily, and five, the June, the lignification branch of clip maturation, long 20 centimetres, insert in the sand basin, cover glass, keep moistening, can take root about one month, cultivate and can bloom in 2 years.Whole strain is very long flowering stage, can reach three, four months.Duration of flowering fallen flowers, fallen leaves are more, need in time to remove, and keep pure and fresh attractive in appearance.Three leaf plums belong to tendril and give birth to, and breeding is simple.Only need the early spring or late fall with its cane cuttage in soil, just can take root, and grow branches and leaves in one month.Just can bloom in 1 year. its florescence is very long, about general January.The Triangular Flos Mume phase is longer, spend many and beautiful, at the beginning of the general florescence of south is then 6 months of October to next year.
The triangle plum is at self-sow and artificial cultivation, and under the situation of not pruning, growth rate is exceedingly fast, and year increment can reach 4-10 rice, and semi-lignified and lignified fully old branch are very crisp, very easily fracture when crooked, and the spray of high-moisture are weak incomparable, can twist arbitrarily.Make medium with finger, can be thorny finger do 360 ° of bendings and constantly.
Existing potted landscape utilizes woody plant to be raw material mostly, adopts the method for cuttage and pruning to obtain, and design mostly is the moulding of scenery with hills and waters, trees flowers, lacks other variation.
Summary of the invention
The present patent application is considered the comparatively single defective of design that exists in the present potted landscape cultivation, design a kind of novel potted landscape culture technique, this technology is in conjunction with potted landscape culture technique and Chinese character calligraphy art, utilize the growth characteristics of nursery stock, adopt seedling growth along the reverse colligation of Chinese character font stroke track, prune moulding again, thereby obtain a kind of new Chinese Character skill potted landscape.
Specifically, the invention provides a kind of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape, it is characterized in that: described method may further comprise the steps:
1) font design: the word of moulding skill potted landscape as required, design can one connect smooth Chinese character printed words; For example can be that seal character, running hand and the rapid style of writing of Chinese character and other can one be connected any one smooth Chinese character style;
2) type matrix is made: be ready to the wire of length greater than the Chinese character printed words, according to the stroke order of Chinese character printed words from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to Chinese-character order of strokes, obtain type matrix;
3) grow seedlings: choose spray, semi-lignified or complete lignified branch according to the difference of nursery stock and adopt cuttage seedling raising method to grow seedlings;
4) transplant seedlings and connect word: the nursery stock after will taking root moves in field or the basin, and every young plant wood only stays a main bud; By nursery stock, the afterbody of the type matrix made is inserted in field or the basin, it is fixed, according to the size and the degree of stability of type matrix, on stable inadequately type matrix, increase wire or bamboo pole as support, make it firm;
5) cultivate long word: cultivate nursery stock, the spray of seedling growth along the reverse colligation spray of the stroke order of type matrix, is utilized the characteristics that can finalize the design naturally in nursery stock self semi-lignified and the complete lignified process, spray is fixed to the type matrix shape in lignification;
6) bizet shape-designing and cultivation: as required, treat that the nursery stock font grows up to fully after, the top of nursery stock is carried out the design and the cultivation of crown moulding.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: before the seedling growth height reached 20-30cm, transplanting seedlings connect word, and every young plant wood can only stay a main bud, and remaining side shoot is removed.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in the type matrix process of making, the length that will remain for the seedling growth orientation at the type matrix top in advance is the wire of 3-5cm, reserve the wire of the about 15cm of length at the type matrix afterbody, and the part that the type matrix afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that insert in the soil or in the basin.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape is characterized in that: when needs are made Chinese Character skill potted landscape in a large number, step 2) type matrix make and comprise following step:
1) selects plate: select a suitable size, the plank of the about 1cm of thickness, preferred plywood;
2) retouch word: one that will select connects smooth Chinese character and retouches on plank with pen;
3) fixing: with 2.5cm or the long iron nail of 4cm, under the nail of the knee of the font of retouching, the quantity that decision will be followed closely iron nail according to the flexibility size, the iron nail number that the place that camber is big needs is more, guarantee the local mellow and full nature of font bending, iron nail hammers into the degree of depth in the plank and require to reserve length about 1cm on plank, and iron nail hammers into order and goes up afterwards earlier according to the font stroke order, the left back right side of elder generation;
4) type matrix is made: use rope, line or cloth, wire and glue pincers or wire special use are cut, and make printed words according to the Chinese character style of retouching, and specifically, may further comprise the steps again:
A) amount word: use rope, line or cloth according to the font on the type matrix, measured the total length of font stroke from top to bottom, from left to right according to the calligraphy and painting order, add the length of about 20cm, be used to provide the length of about 15cm of the 3-5cm of type matrix head and afterbody, then rope yarn is cut off, promptly obtained the normal line of font stroke total length;
B) clip wire: use normal line according to the measured font stroke of font stroke total length, measured wire length, with strong points such as normal lines wire is being cut off then, and, obtained the wire of respective number as required and tie up bundled standby as standard;
C) type matrix is made: according to the font stroke order of retouching with pen on the font mould, with the wire that shears from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to the Chinese-character stroke order, when bending printed words, reserve the wire of 3-5cm length at the prefix tip position, reserve wire more than the 15cm at afterbody, and it is the part that the type matrix afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that be inserted in nutritious bag or the soil, after type matrix bends, tie up bundled standby according to needs.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: in step 3), cuttage seedling raising method comprises intensive seedling method in plot and the direct cuttage seedling raising method of nutritious bag.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: the intensive seedling method in plot may further comprise the steps:
1, whole ground and basal dressing: according to the wide 100cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm, it is fixed that length is come according to the size of nursery, nursery is ploughed, plough finish after, apply one deck as base manure on the surface in railway carriage or compartment with ease of solubility composite fertilizer and decomposed dung, consumption is about 5000kg/ mu barnyard manure, 50kg/ mu composite fertilizer, evenly be sprinkling upon the surface in railway carriage or compartment, after spreading, once plough again and smooth good railway carriage or compartment face;
2, water: behind smooth good soil, be according to what and the plot of corresponding area of cuttage nursery stock quantity, water and once irrigate;
3, cutting is prepared: lignified old branch is as cutting fully for clip, and every cutting is about 15-20cm, and every cutting all will be wiped out thorn and leaf, as required, a plurality of nursery stocks can be bundled into a bundle;
4, cutting treatment: the branch lower end that shears or saw, immerse in root sun dilute solution or the ABT rooting powder solution, speed dipped in for 1 second, took out standby then;
5, cottage method: will transplant a cutting vertical the insertion in the railway carriage or compartment, insertion depth is 10cm, and seeding row spacing 6cm * 8cm inserts good back and covers with the shading screen of 75% obscurity, and shading screen from seedling 20-30CM highly then waters once and irrigates;
6, insert post processing: insert all chance fine days in back or cloudy day and all will water, fine morning and afternoon, respectively once the cloudy day was watered water one time, until about 2 months rooting of cuttings;
7, go up bag: will prepare compost earlier before going up bag, during last bag,, put into and take good nursery stock, around nursery stock, install compost again, a healthy and strong main bud on every young plant only stays at the bag inner bottom part thick compost of pad 5-6cm earlier.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape is characterized in that: when needs were made Chinese Character skill potted landscape in a large number, transplanting seedlings of step 4) connect word, and the nursery stock after needing to take root moves to the field, comprised field arrangement and row Miao Liangbu, specifically may further comprise the steps:
I. field arrangement: at first will level land, the railway carriage or compartment is drawn in backguy, level land and require the removal weeds to plough with leveling land but not requiring, railway carriage or compartment, smooth good back, plot is wide presses two row's nursery stock width and decides, be not advisable not contact mutually, length is decided on cultivating the place actual conditions, and backguy is drawn the railway carriage or compartment in railway carriage or compartment apart from being 60-80cm;
Ii. arrange seedling: the bag seedling is extended respectively be arranged in the face of railway carriage or compartment, two rows are only arranged in every railway carriage or compartment, and promptly two bags of bag seedlings are only put in wide of railway carriage or compartment, bag with bag between the spacing of 10cm just in time, the bag seedling spacing that the long one side in railway carriage or compartment is put is as the criterion with the face size width, and printed words and the printed words 10cm of being separated by is advisable.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: the cultivation long word process of step 5) specifically comprises the steps:
1) field management: comprise fertilizing management, water management, weeding management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, guarantee the nursery stock healthy growth;
2) colligation or cloth twine: specifically be divided into for 5 steps:
I. step 1: when treating the height of seedling 40cm left and right sides, the blade that seedling is done removes the top and stays 4-5 sheet blade, and all the other are all wiped out;
Ii. step 2: with nursery stock by the root portion colligation at metal printed words afterbody, fix with metal synnema or cloth one end colligation, an end is wound to the turning from bottom to top along the type matrix stroke;
Iii. step 3: at the printed words turning, carefully the seedling dry-pressing is bent and paste mutually with the type matrix stroke, and progressively slowly replace seedling is done fixed along the type matrix colligation, speed is unsuitable too fast during colligation, it is soft that action is wanted, so repeatedly, until colligation or be wound into from terminal bud 5-6cm place and fixedly stop, waiting for that the colligation next time or the seedling that is fastened do;
Iv. step 4: the sprouting regrowth repeats the process of above-mentioned steps 3 during to the 10cm left and right sides, in colligation or when twining, if find that Miao Ganshang has axillalry bud to grow, must erase, and one is not stayed;
V. step 5: colligation or twine nursery stock before the nursery stock lignification, the time interval is 3-10 days;
3) lighten restrictions on: promptly lighten restrictions on after semi-lignified or complete lignification when seedling growth, plantling does and can finalize the design fully with the colligation track by nature after the complete lignification of nursery stock.
The preparation method of above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape is characterized in that: the bizet shape-designing of step 6) and cultivation comprise that natural style bizet moulding cultivation, semicircle knot top add waft a formula bizet moulding cultivation and the cultivation of cloud sheet formula bizet.
The present invention also comprises the resulting potted landscape of preparation method by above-mentioned Chinese Character skill potted landscape.
Chinese Character of the present invention skill making method for its potted landscape, the production time approximately needs 12-18 month, specifically: coinage and grow seedlings and can carry out simultaneously, approximately need 3 months, the long word stage approximately needs 6 months, and the bizet moulding is cultivated approximately needs 6 months, and last basin is cultivated approximately needs 3 months.
Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention has following advantage:
1) penjing art and traditional culture of the Chinese nation art are combined, have strong national style;
2) modern design has been filled up the blank in present flower landscape market, has enriched consumer's selection;
3) good looking appearance, pleasing, be imbued with esthetic sentiment;
4) both can small-scale domestic culture, also can be suitable for large-scale industrial production and cultivate;
5) with short production cycle, shaping speed is fast and stable, strange word or book from heaven can not occur in the production process, and whole process of production only needs 12-18 month from inserting seedling to finished product;
6) the employing cuttage of growing seedlings has been saved resource, environmental protection in a large number.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the coinage process schematic diagram of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the long word process schematic diagram of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the final effect schematic diagram of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention.
Embodiment
With concrete example the described Chinese Character skill of the present patent application making method for its potted landscape is described explanation below; should be understood that; such explanation is that the described content of the present patent application is explained in detail; be convenient to the public and better understand the present invention; should not be construed as restriction to the present invention's technology contents required for protection; in fact, any change within the spiritual essence of Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention is all within the protection domain of the present patent application.
Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
One, coinage: design can one connects smooth Chinese character style, and it is standby to be converted into corresponding Chinese character with wire; Open-air or the booth rapid batch production of Chinese Character skill potted landscape at first will be ready to the wire type matrix at the seedling growth height before 20-30cm, how much will coming according to the production scale size of coinage is fixed, specifically, may further comprise the steps:
1, material is prepared: copybook, the thickness plank more than 1cm, preferably use plywood, and iron nail that 2.5cm or 4cm are long and iron hammer or axe, chopper, glue pincers, wire special use are cut, pen (chalk, live charcoal also can), brush and rag etc.;
2, word selection: be ready to one of energy and connect smooth various font copybooks, the selected Chinese character style printed words of wanting moulding;
3, Mold Making: method of the present invention have draw materials easy, with low cost, simple to operate, and characteristics that can reuse, detailed process is as follows:
1) selects plate: select a suitable size, the plank that thickness 1cm is above, preferred plywood;
2) retouch word: a Chinese character that connects smoothness will selecting is retouched on plank with pen, can make amendment and replotting according to the wish of oneself, till oneself is satisfied, revises part and can wipe correction with rag;
3) fixing: with 2.5cm or the long iron nail of 4cm, under the nail of the knee of the font of retouching, the quantity that decision will be followed closely iron nail according to the flexibility size, the iron nail number that the place that camber is big needs is more, guarantee the local mellow and full nature of font bending, iron nail hammers into the degree of depth in the plank and require to reserve length about 1cm on plank, and iron nail hammers into order and goes up afterwards earlier according to the font stroke order, the left back right side of elder generation.
4, type matrix is made: use rope, line or cloth, wire and glue pincers or wire special use are cut, and make type matrix according to the Chinese character style of retouching, and specifically, may further comprise the steps:
1) amount word: according to the font on the type matrix, measured the total length of font stroke from top to bottom, from left to right with rope, line or cloth, added 20cm, then rope yarn has been cut off, promptly obtained the normal line of font stroke total length according to the calligraphy and painting order;
2) clip wire: use normal line according to the measured font stroke of font stroke total length, measured wire length, with strong points such as normal lines wire is being cut off then, can earlier the wire examination that obtains be rolled over once, confirm that further length wiry meets the requirement of font, and, obtain the wire of respective number as required and tie up bundled standby as standard.
3) type matrix is made: according to the font stroke order of retouching with pen on the font mould, with the wire that shears from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to Chinese-character order of strokes, when bending printed words, reserve the wire of 3-5cm length at the prefix tip position, reserve wire more than the 15cm at afterbody, and it is the part that afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that be inserted in nutritious bag or the soil, after type matrix bends, tie up bundled standby according to needs.
Two, grow seedlings: can adopt cuttage to grow seedlings, can be divided into again that the plot is intensive grows seedlings and two kinds of direct cuttage and seedling cultures of nutritious bag, specifically:
(1) the intensive seedling method in plot, its step is as follows:
1) whole ground and basal dressing: according to the wide 100cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm, it is fixed that length is come according to the size of nursery, nursery is ploughed, plough finish after, apply one deck as base manure on the surface in railway carriage or compartment with ease of solubility composite fertilizer and decomposed dung, consumption is about 5000kg/ mu barnyard manure, 50kg/ mu composite fertilizer, evenly be sprinkling upon the surface in railway carriage or compartment, after spreading, once plough again and smooth good railway carriage or compartment face.
2) water: behind smooth good soil, be according to what and the plot of corresponding area of cuttage nursery stock quantity, water and once irrigate;
3) cutting is prepared: distinguish clip spray 10cm, semi-lignified and complete lignified branch as cutting according to different nursery stocks, every long 15cm of cutting, all thorn and leaf will being wiped out of every cutting spinosity, stingless only need wipe out leaf, as required, can be per 10 prick a bundles, the branch of bough can be sawed-off with saw;
4) cutting treatment: the branch lower end that shears or saw, immerse in root sun dilute solution or the ABT rooting powder solution (concentration disposes according to operation instructions), speed dipped in for 1 second, took out standby then;
5) cottage method: will transplant a cutting in the vertical insertion railway carriage or compartment, insertion depth is 10cm, and seeding row spacing 6cm * 8cm waters once after inserting;
6) insert post processing: insert all chance fine days in back or cloudy day and all will water, fine morning and afternoon, respectively once it is just passable that the cloudy day is watered a water, until about 2 months rooting of cuttings,, adopt and manually remove with hand-lifting if when watering, find on the face of railway carriage or compartment weeds are arranged, behind the rooting of cuttings, should go up bag immediately and cultivate; The method of checking rooting of cuttings is: transplanting a cutting back about 45 days, get the soil that a little excavates gently near the cutting end portion on the limit, railway carriage or compartment with spud, if see having root to grow, wait a week again, just can dig bag on the seedling;
7) go up bag: will prepare compost earlier before going up bag, compost is ripe garden mould, the superphosphate that adds the amount of burying 1% in mellow soil gets final product, if the immature soil is mountain loess or mountain laterite, then according to 1 part of coconut palm chaff, the superphosphate mixed preparing of 2 parts of mountain mud and 3 parts of total amounts 1%, after compost is ready to, take the ground seedling, and cut off 90% blade and go up bag, require while taking bag on the leaf-cutting limit, in the time of last bag, fill up the thick compost of 5-6cm earlier at the bag inner bottom part, utilize and prune good nursery stock, left hand is fixed seedling, and the right hand installs compost around seedling, is filled to apart from sack upper edge 2cm to get final product, the nutritious bag specification be 21cm * 17cm (according to actual conditions, select for use other all size the bag or basin all can);
8) go up the management of bag back: will water once immediately after going up bag, and irrigate, all fine days or cloudy day all will water, except rainy day, in afternoon in the morning respectively waters once fine, and the cloudy day get final product once a day, and the last bag of urea liquid with 1% after 10 days waters pouring once, fertilising in per 15 days is later on once spread fertilizer over the fields with composite fertilizer.
(2) the direct cuttage seedling raising method of nutritious bag, its key step is as follows:
1, compost (claiming matrix again) is prepared: following prescription is arranged:
Prescription one: coconut palm chaff nutrition soil, ratio are 1 part of coconut palm chaff, 2 parts of mountain mud, and the peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers of adding composite soil total amount 1%;
Two: the 3 parts of vegetable garden soils of filling a prescription, 1 part of barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed adds the phosphate fertilizer of composite soil total amount 1% again;
Three: the 2 parts of mountain mud of filling a prescription, 1 part of barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed adds the phosphate fertilizer of composite soil total amount 1.5% again;
More than three formula nutritional soil, no matter, all want mix even with which prescription.
2, nutrition soil pack: select a kind of prescription, prepare scuppit and nutrition plastic bag, concrete steps are as follows:
1) smooth plot: the pack plot of putting requires smooth, compacting, no weeds, so at first will remove weeds and the rubble for the treatment of on the smooth plot, the leveling of rugged plot is tamped;
2) rope is put in backguy: by the wide 120cm in railway carriage or compartment, aisle 50cm, length is pressed seedling ground actual conditions and is decided, and line is put rope;
3) stack nutrition soil: evenly stack the nutrition soil for preparing according to the pack consumption on the face of railway carriage or compartment, available trolley or the mode of manually carrying a load are deposited in the nutrition soil for preparing in the face of railway carriage or compartment according to consumption, also can stack nutrition soil while packing;
4) pack: with scuppit nutrition soil is contained in the nutritious bag of required specification (for example nutritious bag of 21cm * 17cm size), every railway carriage or compartment is put 8 bags by the railway carriage or compartment is wide, be close to discharging, and dress soil will be filled the sack below the sack 1cm reality;
5) piling: the installation sprinkling irrigation of having ready conditions, then need not the piling top, general usefulness is manually watered water spray, then must lay as dowel pin with bamboo or assorted round log, select diameter 6-8cm thickness in four jiaos in railway carriage or compartment face, bamboo about length 60cm or assorted round log are a dowel pin, at one end the 15cm place begins to fine away with cutter, after dowel pin is cut, four jiaos of the railway carriage or compartment face each make a call to one, so that water when drawing water pipe, culture bag can not dragged down;
3, transplant a cutting to prepare: if select the triangle plum for use, then select for use fully lignified old limb to cut out the limb that length is 15-20cm by the thickness of limb, after cutting, discharge according to order end to end, and the limb of equal in length is banded together as material;
4, cutting treatment: earlier taking root liquid solution (for example root sun root-growing agent or ABT root-growing agent) is prepared the solution of respective concentration according to the ratio on the product description, the lower end (head) that a bundle bundle is transplanted a cutting is placed on and takes out after the root-growing agent solution middling speed that has just prepared dipped in for 1 second again;
5, cottage method: the nutritious bag that will install nutrition soil before cuttage waters once permeable, the cutting that to handle well is vertically inserted in the bag then, only insert one for every bag, the degree of depth of inserting is advisable with 10cm, the method of checking the cutting upper and lower side is as follows: with the triangle plum is example, lunge of the equal association of each axillalry bud, even wipe out lunge, the rear portion of lunge is also stayed in the cutting, thorn is last, and axillalry bud so just can be differentiated the upper and lower side (promptly holding end to end) of cutting down, it is tail end that thorn is exactly the upper end at a last end, axillalry bud under an end be exactly the lower end be head end; The petiole of general plant is down, and axillalry bud is last, axillalry bud a last end be exactly the upper end be tail end, petiole under an end be exactly the lower end be head end.
6, insert the back management: no matter fine day or cloudy day all will water, fine morning and afternoon each once, the cloudy day, the rainy day did not water once a day, until taking root; It should be noted that to transplant a cutting the false phenomenon of giving birth to is arranged, especially at hot weather, at this moment, if had polygerm to grow in slotting back 15 days, the terminal bud of a stalwartness is only stayed in every strain, remaining is all erased, if the long speed of the blastogenesis that stays is also very fast, then terminal bud is destroyed, only stay the blade at the bottom of the bud, like this to guarantee the nutrient and the moisture of cutting, in order to taking root;
Three, transplant seedlings: nursery stock is extended arrangement after taking root in nutritious bag, and the purpose that the bag seedling is extended arrangement is to be beneficial to the printed words molding operation, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1, field arrangement: at first will level land, the railway carriage or compartment is drawn in backguy, level land and require the removal weeds to plough with leveling land but not requiring, railway carriage or compartment, smooth good back, plot is wide presses two row's nursery stock width and decides, be not advisable not contact mutually, length is decided on cultivating the place actual conditions, and backguy is drawn the railway carriage or compartment in railway carriage or compartment apart from being 60-80cm;
2, row's seedling: the bag seedling extended respectively be arranged in the face of railway carriage or compartment, two rows are only arranged in every railway carriage or compartment, and promptly two bags of bag seedlings are only put in wide of railway carriage or compartment, bag with bag between the spacing of 10cm just in time, the bag seedling spacing that the long one side in railway carriage or compartment is put is as the criterion with the face size width, and printed words and the printed words 10cm of being separated by is advisable;
Four, fixing printed words: after a bag seedling is arranged, wire about the afterbody 15cm of the printed words made is inserted about 8cm in the bag, and increase by one at radical position, the left side of each printed words and be about the long iron wire of 30-40cm or bamboo bar as support, in its underpart insertion bag or in the outer soil of bag, tie up on the radical of printed words on top, so just with firm having fixed fully of whole printed words; This fixation is applicable to that the printed words of the Chinese Character skill potted landscape of all face sizes of printed words below 50cm * 50cm fix; Greater than the above big type-word skill potted landscape of 50cm * 50cm, its fixed word sample prescription rule adopts edge-on triangle fixation to carry out for face size, and material adopts thicker bamboo and assorted garden waddy or thicker reinforcing bar binding to become edge-on triangle to fix printed words; The arrangement of printed words is such: the back side that is printed words between row and row is relative with the back side, between railway carriage or compartment and the railway carriage or compartment be the front of printed words and front in opposite directions;
Five; long word: cultivate nursery stock; and progressively make fixing from the bottom to top shaping of Chinese character pattern that Miao Ganyan fixes with seedling growth; the principle of long word is such: with the triangle plum is example; triangle plum growth rate is exceedingly fast; and be overgrowing property plant partly; after limb growth semi-lignified and the complete lignification; be highly brittle; fracture easily; and high-moisture tender shoots branch is soft incomparable; can be arbitrarily crooked characteristics; these characteristics also all possess for most of plants; adopt seedling growth to twine the method for growth along reverse colligation of type matrix stroke track or cloth; utilize colligation or cloth to twine the tender shoots branch, by plant self semi-lignified and complete lignified process and the natural characteristics of typing, thus make seedling growth speed and the long word speed of finalizing the design synchronous; shorten the whole incubation time of Chinese Character skill potted landscape so greatly, reached the purpose of fast culture and standardization large-scale production.Utilize in addition in plant semi-lignified and the complete lignified process, the characteristics that the tender shoots branch is finalized the design naturally strange word or book from heaven can not occur in the manufacturing process, have accomplished that really kind " good fortune " gets " good fortune ", kind " high post " gets " high post ".Specifically may further comprise the steps:
1, field management: comprise fertilizing management again, the aspects such as management, weeding management and the extermination of disease and insect pest of watering, guarantee the plant healthy growth; The fertilizer of being executed comprises the urea of barnyard manure, composite fertilizer and 2%;
2, colligation or cloth twine: specifically be divided into for 5 steps:
1) step 1: when treating the height of seedling 20-30cm left and right sides, the blade that seedling is done removes the top and stays 4-5 sheet blade, and all the other are all wiped out;
2) step 2: lean on the root portion colligation at the metal character die afterbody nursery stock, fix with iron synnema or cloth one end colligation, an end is wound to the turning from bottom to top along the printed words stroke;
3) step 3: at the printed words turning, carefully the seedling dry-pressing is bent and paste mutually with the printed words stroke, and progressively slowly replace seedling is done fixed along the printed words colligation, speed is unsuitable too fast during colligation, it is soft that action is wanted, so repeatedly, until colligation or be wound into from terminal bud 5-6cm place and fixedly stop, waiting for that the colligation next time or the seedling that is fastened do;
4) step 4: when the 10cm left and right sides is arrived in the sprouting regrowth, repeat the process of above-mentioned steps 3, when colligation or winding,, must erase, and is not stayed if find that Miao Ganshang has axillalry bud to grow;
5) step 5: later colligation or winding nursery stock are then decided on seedling growth situation and type matrix camber, it may be 3-10 days, it should be noted that: after can not waiting until dried semi-lignified of seedling or complete lignification, carry out colligation or winding again, because very crisp after dried semi-lignified of seedling or the complete lignification, very easily fracture;
3, lighten restrictions on: promptly lighten restrictions on after semi-lignified or complete lignification when seedling growth, plantling does and can finalize the design fully with the colligation track by nature after the complete lignification of nursery stock; Because the described method of the present patent application is to adopt with seedling growth constantly colligation and twine dried the making it of seedling to carry out synchronously with type matrix stroke location, while doing to grow, seedling wears out, thus be the location of colligation on one side, Yi Bian lighten restrictions on;
Six, the bizet moulding is cultivated: Chinese Character skill potted landscape bizet Modeling Technology of the present invention and bonsai Modeling Technology are basic identical, be divided into natural style bizet moulding cultivation, semicircle knot top and add waft a formula bizet moulding cultivation and cloud sheet formula bizet and cultivate three kinds, below introduced respectively:
1, the moulding of natural style bizet is cultivated: be a kind of skill method that the limb self-sow adds artificial pruning of letting alone, its main points are:
1) cut off Miao Gan top, grow up to when word is dried, allow seedling do continued growth one month, seedling is done height 10cm place above printed words, cuts off seedling is dried with secateurs, cuts off partly and gives it up;
2) pass in time, seedling is done to go up and can be grown lateral bud, and the printed words word was done with the lateral bud of the Miao Ganshang on top and do not erased this moment, let alone growth, and the lateral bud that word grows on dried will all be erased;
3) limb of self-sow can be very at random, it cut not with secateurs according to the limb that all influences of its growing state are attractive in appearance;
4) the bizet height is advisable with 1.2 times of printed words height, and the amplitude of bizet doubly is advisable with the 3-4 of printed words width;
5) water and fertilizer management and herbicidal methods and the extermination of disease and insect pest are identical during water and fertilizer management and herbicidal methods and the extermination of disease and insect pest and the seedling growth;
2, semicircle knot top adds a formula bizet moulding cultivation of wafing: processing step is as follows:
1) designs the bizet modelling pattern earlier, as three stipule shapes or five stipule shapes;
2) make the short handle badminton racquet shape dried skeleton of lopwood that wafts with wire;
3) the printed words word is dried grow up to after, it is a with bizet shape-designing pattern whenever to select good strains in the field for seed, and above trunk is done in word curve corresponding serpentine, the turning outer point is respectively stayed 1 bud, as the branch that wafts;
4) the bizet height is done 1.3 times of height and is advisable to be no more than word, and amplitude is that 4 times of printed words width are advisable;
5) word is dried grow up to after, its trunk still continues up to grow, and bends the serpentine shape with trunk growth, treat its complete lignification after, locating for 1.1 times with the printed words height, cut off, and will cut part and remove with secateurs from the printed words overhead height;
6) a wire armature colligation of will wafing this moment is fixed on the relevant position, along with the limb growth, a major branch that wafts hits exactly colligation with cloth along the limb skeleton, sprig is used the open and flat colligation of iron synnema, later stage is strengthened pruning, and three buds are reserved at the top, pulls into horizontal shape with growth with rope or wire, colligation is fixed, and the later stage manually prunes;
7) water and fertilizer management, herbicidal methods and the extermination of disease and insect pest and early stage seedling growth water and fertilizer management, herbicidal methods identical with the extermination of disease and insect pest;
3, cloud sheet formula bizet is cultivated: this method is the typical style that poplar is sent the moulding of potted landscape school potted landscape technology, main employing monofilament is coiled and is pricked the operation technique of skill and " one-inch three is curved ", its technology is loaded down with trivial details, consuming time longer, method of the present invention has been abandoned the bundle skill of coiling, and adopts wire model to add the pruning gimmick, make it form cloud sheet fast, processing step is as follows:
1) designs the bizet modelling pattern earlier, for example I-shaped cloud sheet, three-layer type cloud sheet or five laminar cloud sheets;
2) wait for a right man to marry after dried growing up to, allow its seedling do and continue up growth, after treating the complete lignification of trunk, at the trunk height is that 0.6 times or 1.1 times of printed words height is located, with secateurs it is cut off, and will cut part and remove, the trunk that the printed words height is 0.6 times is used to cultivate two or three-chip type cloud sheet, and 1.1 times of high trunks of printed words height are used for cultivating the cloud sheet more than four;
3) stay twig with reference to layout in the relevant position;
4) wire of clip respective length is made the model of " blade " shape, and the top is a blade shaped, and size is decided according to design, and side length is 6cm, so that colligation is fixed;
5) ready-made model colligation is fixed on corresponding position, growth according to limb hits exactly colligation with major branch along model with cloth, side shoot is according to the open and flat colligation of model leaf, after limb semi-lignified and complete lignification, limb is finalized the design naturally, later stage is strengthened pruning, and makes it to form cloud sheet, after the shaping wire model is removed;
6) the top cloud sheet is cultivated, and does an oblong foliaceous gauze earlier, and there is a metal wire foot center, after carrying out the metal wire foot is fixed on the trunk top, afterwards that caulody is open and flat, colligation is fixed on the gauze, later stage is strengthened pruning, and makes it to form and protection cloud sheet state;
7) water and fertilizer management, weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest are identical with seedling growth phase water and fertilizer management, weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest;
Seven, going up basin cultivates: specifically, processing step is as follows:
1, the most of blade of bizet that will go up the plant of basin is earlier wiped out, but can not have influence on bizet moulding shape;
2, the plant that will go up basin and wipe out blade is completely cured and removes bag, and prunes long unnecessary root;
3, nutrition soil is prepared: the preparation of nutrition soil is the same with bag nutrition soil on the nursery stock;
4, prepare flowerpot: select in the bore flowerpot that is slightly larger than the printed words width, plastic cement basin, mud earthen basin, the pottery pot any one for use;
5, earlier that the basin bottom outlet hole is good with tile or glue gauze pad, reinstall the thick nutrition soil of 5-6cm, put into the plant that a strain is dug and pruning is good, position, space around the plant is filled up with nutrition soil, cover root 2cm to get final product;
6, water: the plant that will install basin is arranged, and then promptly will water once, and irrigate, and along with watering, new clothes nutrition soil will be gone down and heavy real with water, no matter fine day or cloudy day all need water later on;
7, fertilising, weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest: going up basin has new root to grow after 15 days, available composite fertilizer topdresses once, and each month fertilising later on once when watering or apply fertilizer, in time weeds a garden, and according to growing state in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest;
8, prune: prune according to growing state and shaping needs;
9, sprayed once on the blade face with florigen or micro-concentrated fertilizer in every month, make its flourishing with flowers and leaves, longer blooming period forms until potted landscape.
The whole cultivating process of the described Chinese Character skill potted landscape of the present patent application from inserting seedling, roughly needs 18 months time, and resulting potted landscape good looking appearance is generous, and has strong national culture style, and sight is extremely strong.
Claims (10)
1. Chinese Character skill making method for its potted landscape, it is characterized in that: described method may further comprise the steps:
1) font design: the word of moulding skill potted landscape as required, design can one connect smooth Chinese character printed words;
2) type matrix is made: be ready to the wire of length greater than the Chinese character printed words, according to the stroke order of Chinese character printed words from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to the Chinese-character stroke order, obtain type matrix;
3) grow seedlings: choose spray, semi-lignified or complete lignified branch according to the difference of nursery stock and adopt cuttage seedling raising method to grow seedlings;
4) transplant seedlings and connect word: the every strain of the nursery stock after will taking root only stays a bud to move in field or the basin, by nursery stock, the afterbody of the type matrix made is inserted in field or the basin, it is fixed, size and degree of stability according to type matrix, on stable inadequately type matrix, increase wire or bamboo pole as support, make it firm;
5) cultivate long word: cultivate nursery stock, with the spray of seedling growth along the reverse colligation spray of the stroke order of type matrix, the characteristics of utilizing nursery stock in self semi-lignified and complete lignified process, can finalize the design naturally, spray is fixed to the type matrix shape in lignification;
6) bizet shape-designing and cultivation: as required, treat that the nursery stock font grows up to fully after, the top of nursery stock is carried out the design and the cultivation of crown moulding.
2. the preparation method of the described Chinese Character of claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: before the seedling growth height reached 20-30cm, transplanting seedlings connect word.
3. the preparation method of the described Chinese Character of claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in the type matrix process of making, to reserve the wire of 3-5cm length at the type matrix top, reserve the wire of the about 15cm of length at the type matrix afterbody, and the part that the type matrix afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that insert in the soil or in the basin.
4. the preparation method of the described Chinese Character of claim 1 skill potted landscape is characterized in that: when needs are made Chinese Character skill potted landscape in a large number, step 2) type matrix make and comprise following step:
1) selects plate: select a suitable size, the plank of the about 1cm of thickness, preferred plywood;
2) retouch word: one that will select connects smooth Chinese character and retouches on plank with pen;
3) fixing: with 2.5cm or the long iron nail of 4cm, under the nail of the knee of the font of retouching, the quantity that decision will be followed closely iron nail according to the flexibility size, the iron nail number that the place that camber is big needs is more, guarantee the local mellow and full nature of font bending, iron nail hammers into the degree of depth in the plank and require to reserve length about 1cm on plank, and iron nail hammers into order and goes up afterwards earlier according to the font stroke order, the left back right side of elder generation;
4) type matrix is made: use rope, line or cloth, wire and glue pincers or wire special use are cut, and make type matrix according to the Chinese character style of retouching, and specifically, may further comprise the steps again:
A. measure word: according to the font on the type matrix, measured the total length of font stroke from top to bottom, from left to right with rope, line or cloth, added about 20cm, then rope yarn has been cut off, promptly obtained the normal line of font stroke total length according to the calligraphy and painting order;
B. clip wire: use normal line according to the measured font stroke of font stroke total length, measured wire length, with strong points such as normal lines wire is being cut off then, and, obtained the wire of respective number as required and tie up bundled standby as standard;
C. type matrix is made: according to the font stroke order of retouching with pen on the font mould, with the wire that shears from top to bottom, from left to right bending metal silk, wire is bent according to Chinese-character order of strokes, when bending printed words, reserve the wire of 3-5cm length at the prefix tip position, reserve wire more than the 15cm at afterbody, and it is the part that afterbody is reserved is stretching, so that be inserted in nutritious bag or the soil, after type matrix bends, tie up bundled standby according to needs.
5. the preparation method of the described Chinese Character of claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: in step 3), cuttage seedling raising method comprises intensive seedling method in plot and the direct cuttage seedling raising method of nutritious bag.
6. the preparation method of the described Chinese Character of claim 5 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: the intensive seedling method in plot may further comprise the steps:
1) whole ground and basal dressing: according to the wide 100cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm, it is fixed that length is come according to the size of nursery, nursery is ploughed, plough finish after, apply one deck as base manure on the surface in railway carriage or compartment with ease of solubility composite fertilizer and decomposed dung, consumption is about 5000kg/ mu barnyard manure, 50kg/ mu composite fertilizer, evenly be sprinkling upon the surface in railway carriage or compartment, after spreading, once plough again and smooth good railway carriage or compartment face;
2) water: behind smooth good soil, be according to what and the plot of corresponding area of cuttage nursery stock quantity, water and once irrigate;
3) cutting is prepared: according to different nursery stocks, clip spray, semi-lignified and complete lignified branch are as cutting, and every cutting is about 10-15cm, thorn and leaf will being wiped out of every cutting spinosity do not stung, as long as leaf is wiped out, as required, a plurality of nursery stocks can be bundled into a bundle;
4) cutting treatment: the branch lower end that shears or saw, immerse in root sun dilute solution or the ABT rooting powder solution, speed dipped in for 1 second, took out standby then;
5) cottage method: will transplant a cutting vertical the insertion in the railway carriage or compartment, insertion depth is 10cm, and seeding row spacing 6cm * 8cm inserts good back and covers with the shading screen of 75% obscurity, and shading screen from seedling 20-30CM highly then waters once and irrigates;
6) insert the back management: insert all chance fine days in back or cloudy day and all will water, fine morning and afternoon each once, the cloudy day was watered water one time, until about 2 months rooting of cuttings;
7) go up bag: will prepare compost earlier before going up bag, during last bag, at the bag inner bottom part thick compost of pad 5-6cm earlier, put into and take good nursery stock, install compost again around nursery stock, every young plant only stays a bud of upper end stalwartness.
7. the preparation method of the described Chinese Character of claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: the cultivation long word process of step 5) specifically comprises the steps:
1) field management: comprise fertilizing management, water management, weeding management and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, guarantee the nursery stock healthy growth;
2) colligation or cloth twine: specifically be divided into for 5 steps:
I. step 1: when treating the height of seedling 20-30cm left and right sides, the blade that seedling is done removes the top and stays 4-5 sheet blade, and all the other are all wiped out;
Ii. step 2: with nursery stock by the root portion colligation at the metal character die afterbody, fix with iron synnema or cloth one end colligation, an end is wound to the turning from bottom to top along the printed words stroke;
Iii. step 3: at the type matrix turning, the careful seedling dry-pressing is bent pasted mutually with the type matrix stroke, and progressively slowly replace seedling is done fixed along the printed words colligation, speed is unsuitable too fast during colligation, it is soft that action is wanted, so repeatedly, until colligation or be wound into from terminal bud 5-6cm place and fixedly stop, waiting for that the colligation next time or the seedling that is fastened do;
Iv. step 4: the sprouting regrowth repeats the process of above-mentioned steps 3 during to the 10cm left and right sides, in colligation or when twining, if find that Miao Ganshang has axillalry bud to grow, must erase, and one is not stayed;
V. step 5: colligation or twine nursery stock before the nursery stock lignification, the time interval is 3-10 days;
3) lighten restrictions on: promptly lighten restrictions on after semi-lignified or complete lignification when seedling growth, plantling does and can finalize the design fully with the colligation track by nature after the complete lignification of nursery stock.
8. the preparation method of the described Chinese Character of claim 1 skill potted landscape is characterized in that: the bizet shape-designing of step 6) and cultivation comprise that natural style bizet moulding cultivation, semicircle knot top add waft a formula bizet moulding cultivation and cloud sheet formula bizet and cultivate.
9. the preparation method of the described Chinese Character of claim 1 skill potted landscape, it is characterized in that: when needs were made Chinese Character skill potted landscape in a large number, transplanting seedlings of step 4) connect word, and the nursery stock after needing to take root moves to the field, comprise field arrangement and row Miao Liangbu, specifically may further comprise the steps:
1) field arrangement: at first will level land, the railway carriage or compartment is drawn in backguy, level land and require the removal weeds to plough with leveling land but not requiring, railway carriage or compartment, smooth good back, plot is wide presses two row's nursery stock width and decides, be not advisable not contact mutually, length is decided on cultivating the place actual conditions, and backguy is drawn the railway carriage or compartment in railway carriage or compartment apart from being 60-80cm;
2) row's seedling: the bag seedling extended respectively be arranged in the face of railway carriage or compartment, two rows are only arranged in every railway carriage or compartment, and promptly two bags of bag seedlings are only put in wide of railway carriage or compartment, bag with bag between the spacing of 10cm just in time, the bag seedling spacing that the long one side in railway carriage or compartment is put is as the criterion with the face size width, and printed words and the printed words 10cm of being separated by is advisable.
10. by the resulting potted landscape of preparation method of the described Chinese Character of claim 1 skill potted landscape.
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| CN111657026A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-09-15 | 南阳师范学院 | Method for cultivating plant of vine plant screen flower stand |
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| CN114303812A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-12 | 季小平 | Middle-large-sized gardening cultivation method for carapace bone and seal character |
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