CN104396676A - Method for cultivating big almond landscape tree - Google Patents

Method for cultivating big almond landscape tree Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104396676A
CN104396676A CN201410769010.1A CN201410769010A CN104396676A CN 104396676 A CN104396676 A CN 104396676A CN 201410769010 A CN201410769010 A CN 201410769010A CN 104396676 A CN104396676 A CN 104396676A
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Prior art keywords
grafting
almond
scion
stock
branch
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CN201410769010.1A
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CN104396676B (en
Inventor
林茂
李进华
王华新
唐遒冥
龚建英
孙利娜
杜铃
汪小玉
周修任
黄欣
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • A01G2003/005Removing buds

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating a big almond landscape tree. Different plants which belong to the anacardiaceae mangos serve as raw materials, wherein the stock is a mango, and the scion is almond; a stem grafting method is adopted, by elaborately selecting grafting time, and through the steps of stock preparation and transplantation, almond scion preparation, interspecific grafting operation and later period management, the big landscape tree which is attractive in tree shape and takes the mango as the stock and takes the almond as the crown is cultivated. By applying the method, the grafting survival rate can reach over 90%, the cultivating period of the big almond landscape tree can be remarkably shortened, and the added value and the economic benefit are improved, so as to meet the market requirement of ecological civilization and wild China construction.

Description

The breeding method of almond landscape tree
Technical field
The invention belongs to ornamental plants propagation by grafiting technology in the science of gardens.The specifically breeding method of almond landscape tree.
Background technology
Almond (Mangifera persiciformis C.Y.Wu et T.L.Ming) is that (Anacardiaceae) Mango fruit belongs to (Mangifera) plant to Anacardiaceae, but not the rose family (Rosaceae) peach belongs to the almond (Amygdalus.communis L.) of (Aamydalus).
Almond is evergreen broad-leaved arbor, and trunk is logical straight, and tree crown rounding is wide ovum shape, is preced with large dense shade, evergreen all the year round, is excellent flower garden and avenue tree planting, is usually used in seeing street planting band, park, scenic area, universities and colleges, unit of Party and government offices, dormitory area etc.Almond is widely planted by South China, is the city tree of Nanning City, and along with continuous propelling and the upgrading of township afforestation, there is huge demand in market to the large tree of almond, and the economic worth of almond is the several times of phase same specification Mango fruit.Almond generally adopts traditional seminal propagation, seedling breeding is utilized to become landscape tree, but there is the problems such as poor growth, cultivation period length, not resistance to transplanting, transplanting survival rate be not high in almond seedling, the demand of market to the large tree of view almond can not be met, be unfavorable for the construction of conservation culture and beauty China.
Mango is that lacquer tree Ke Mango fruit belongs to tropical evergreen megaphanerophyte, famous tropical fruit (tree), and southwest, South China are widely planted.Have that trunk leads to directly, fast growth, damage by disease and insect are few, adaptability and strong stress resistance, transplanting is easy, transplanting survival rate is high feature, be good stock, and resource easily obtains.
Open report about almond is less, is detected in and breeds and cultivation aspect.Patent and the document of Guan Yu Mango fruit are more, mainly concentrate on variety source, cultivate and breed and the aspect such as intervarietal grafting.Mango fruit plant in grafting between different cultivars have open source literature and proprietary material, but have no Guan Yu Mango fruit and report with the research of almond heteroplastic graft technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of breeding method of almond landscape tree.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows:
Almond landscape tree breeding method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) Root-stock selection and transplanting: growth selection speed is fast, healthy and strong, form leads to directly, do stock without the raw Mango fruit of reality of damage by disease and insect, clear bole height more than 2 meters, more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm; Be completely cured in the fall, be transplanted to U.S.A the next year 1-2 month and plant bag or control root device, cultivation matrix is loam and peat soil, and the volume ratio of loam and peat soil is 1:1, and waters root-growing agent.Described root-growing agent is the naphthalene acid solution of 500ppm.
2) scion is selected: lead to directly at robust growth, form, on tree crown without the almond elite stand of damage by disease and insect, select sprout full, without 1 year raw branch of damage by disease and insect, fully lignification, stalwartness, as scion branch, require thick about the 1.0cm of scion, spike length 5cm-10cm.
3) grafting: grafting time selects the March then of transplanting to May; Blade in scion is removed 1/2-2/3, in the oblique partial application in scion bottom, and in the oblique partial application in the otch back side, exposes formation layer; Branch sick and weak on stock tree crown, cella branch, intersection branch, water sprout are cut, retain sturdy branch, otch is smooth, and branch is without cracking and broken skin; Scion cutting part is first dipped in 10min-20min in 800 times of tpns or carbendazim liquid, then immerse 1.0mg/L ~ 4.0mg/L 6-benzyl aminoadenine (6-BA)+0.1mg/L ~ 0.2mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) mixed solution in soak 30min; Aim at the down partial application of formation layer with sharp grafting knife in incision, the length of tangent plane is consistent with the tangent plane length of scion; Formation laminating scion otch and stock exposed subsequently is tight, by film wrapped, tightens and sleeving plastic bag, is finally encased by kraft paper bag and tighten.
4) managing after grafting: strengthen water and fertilizer management, waters during arid in time, should draining in time when meeting rainfall, enriches composite fertilizer and fertilizer; When there is sprout tillers around stock grafting position, should the removal of tiller in time; Carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest; Usual grafting wound can heal in 1 month completely, and grafting twig growth is normal; Take off and remove the plastic sack and film tied up afterwards in brown paper 7-10 days.Graft survival rate reaches more than 90%, and by the growth of a year, tree crown was plentiful, namely can be used for afforestation.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1. obtain almond landscape tree fast, shorten cultivation period.Prepared by stock and transplant, heteroplastic graft, the almond container seedlings that grow into more than the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm that can go out garden after grafting only need 1.5 years-2 years.And almond seedling at least wanted for 8 years, then the time needing more to grow of more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm by sowing, growing, transplant the container seedling obtaining diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm.
2. greatly improve transplanting survival rate.Mango fruit well developed root system, strong stress resistance, resistance to transplanting.Almond main root is obvious, and adventive root is few, and transplanting survival rate is not high.Shang diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm Yi, Mango fruit tree transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90, and the almond seedling transplanting survival rate of more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm is up to 58%.
3. improve added value, increase economic benefit.The several times of the price Shi Mango fruit of same size almond, gap increases along with the increase of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.Such as, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm Mango fruit container seedling market price 150 yuan, and the almond container seedling market price 800 yuan of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm; The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10cm Mango fruit container seedling market price 200 yuan, and the almond container seedling market price 1000 yuan of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10cm.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, one step explanation is done to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
On September 1st, 2008, choose 50 strain fast growths, stalwartness, form lead to directly, do stock without the raw Mango fruit of reality of damage by disease and insect, clear bole height more than 2 meters, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm; Prune branch, only retain the blade of small part, carry out being completely cured and spray the naphthalene acid solution of 500ppm, with shade net parcel, life was transplanted to U.S.A and planted bag January 1 in 2009, and cultivation matrix is loam and peat soil, loam and peat soil volume ratio are 1:1, and water the naphthalene acid solution of 500ppm.Investigation on March 1st, 2009 transplanting survival rate, totally 47 strain transplant survivals, survival rate is 94.0%.On March 2nd, 2009, select the almond branch of 1 year raw lignification, long 5cm the most scion and cut 1/2 blade, scion cutting part is first dipped in 10min in 800 times of tpn liquid, immerse again in methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) mixed solution of 6-benzyl aminoadenine (the 6-BA)+0.1mg/L of 1.0mg/L and soak 30min, every strain mango retains 10 branches as stock, carries out grafting on request.Manage with delicacy after grafting, strengthen water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Investigation on April 2nd, 2009 graft survival rate, grafting 470 branch, survives 450, and survival rate is 95.7%.On April 2nd, 2010, through the growth of 1 year, branch grew fine, and hat width is more plentiful, and tree-like grace, has higher ornamental value, can be used for afforestation.
Embodiment 2
On October 1st, 2009, choose 50 strain fast growths, stalwartness, form lead to directly, do stock without the raw Mango fruit of reality of damage by disease and insect, clear bole height more than 2 meters, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 10cm; Prune branch, only retain the blade of small part, carry out being completely cured and spray the naphthalene acid solution of 500ppm, with shade net parcel, February 1 in 2010, life was transplanted to control root device, and cultivation matrix is loam and peat soil, loam and peat soil volume ratio are 1:1, and water the naphthalene acid solution of 500ppm.Investigation on April 1st, 2010 transplanting survival rate, totally 45 strain transplant survivals, survival rate is 90.0%.On April 2nd, 2010, select the almond branch of 1 year raw lignification, long 8cm the most scion and cut 1/2 blade, scion cutting part is first dipped in 20min in 800 times of tpn liquid, immerse again in methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) mixed solution of 6-benzyl aminoadenine (the 6-BA)+0.1mg/L of 4.0mg/L and soak 30min, every strain mango retains 10 branches as stock, carries out grafting on request.Manage with delicacy after grafting, strengthen water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Investigation on May 2nd, 2010 graft survival rate, grafting 450 branch, survives 420, and survival rate is 93.3%.On May 2nd, 2011, through the growth of 1 year, branch grew fine, and hat width is more plentiful, and tree-like grace, has higher ornamental value, can be used for afforestation.
Embodiment 3
On October 28th, 2010, choose 50 strain fast growths, stalwartness, form lead to directly, do stock without the raw Mango fruit of reality of damage by disease and insect, clear bole height more than 2 meters, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 15cm; Prune branch, only retain the blade of small part, carry out being completely cured and spray the naphthalene acid solution of 500ppm, with shade net parcel, February 28 in 2011, life was transplanted to control root device, and cultivation matrix is loam and peat soil, loam and peat soil volume ratio are 1:1, and water the naphthalene acid solution of 500ppm.Investigation on May 28th, 2011 transplanting survival rate, totally 45 strain transplant survivals, survival rate is 90.0%.On May 29th, 2011, select the almond branch of 1 year raw lignification, long 10cm the most scion and cut 2/3 blade, scion cutting part is first dipped in 20min in 800 times of carbendazim liquid, immerse again in methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) mixed solution of 6-benzyl aminoadenine (the 6-BA)+0.2mg/L of 4.0mg/L and soak 30min, every strain mango retains 10 branches as stock, carries out grafting on request.Manage with delicacy after grafting, strengthen water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Investigation on June 29th, 2011 graft survival rate, grafting 450 branch, survives 406, and survival rate is 90.2%.On June 29th, 2012, through the growth of 1 year, branch grew fine, and hat width is more plentiful, and tree-like grace, has higher ornamental value, can be used for afforestation.

Claims (1)

1. almond landscape tree breeding method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) Root-stock selection and transplanting: growth selection speed is fast, healthy and strong, form leads to directly, do stock without the raw Mango fruit of reality of damage by disease and insect, clear bole height more than 2 meters, more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 8cm; Be completely cured in the fall, be transplanted to U.S.A the next year 1-2 month and plant bag or control root device, cultivation matrix is loam and peat soil, and the volume ratio of loam and peat soil is 1:1, and waters root-growing agent, and described root-growing agent is the naphthalene acid solution of 500ppm;
2) scion is selected: lead to directly at robust growth, form, on tree crown without the almond elite stand of damage by disease and insect, select sprout full, without 1 year raw branch of damage by disease and insect, fully lignification, stalwartness, as scion branch, require thick about the 1.0cm of scion, spike length 5cm-10cm;
3) grafting: grafting time selects the March then of transplanting to May; Blade in scion is removed 1/2-2/3, in the oblique partial application in scion bottom, and in the oblique partial application in the otch back side, exposes formation layer; Branch sick and weak on stock tree crown, cella branch, intersection branch, water sprout are cut, retain sturdy branch, otch is smooth, and branch is without cracking and broken skin; Scion cutting part is first dipped in 10min-20min in 800 times of tpns or carbendazim liquid, then immerse 1.0mg/L ~ 4.0mg/L 6-benzyl aminoadenine+0.1mg/L ~ 0.2mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate mixed solution in soak 30min; Aim at the down partial application of formation layer with sharp grafting knife in incision, the length of tangent plane is consistent with the tangent plane length of scion; Formation laminating scion otch and stock exposed subsequently is tight, by film wrapped, tightens and sleeving plastic bag, is finally encased by kraft paper bag and tighten;
4) managing after grafting: strengthen water and fertilizer management, waters during arid in time, should draining in time when meeting rainfall, enriches composite fertilizer and fertilizer; When there is sprout tillers around stock grafting position, should the removal of tiller in time; Carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest; Usual grafting wound can heal in 1 month completely, and grafting twig growth is normal; Take off and remove the plastic sack and film tied up afterwards in brown paper 7-10 days; Graft survival rate reaches more than 90%, and by the growth of a year, tree crown was plentiful, namely can be used for afforestation.
CN201410769010.1A 2014-12-12 2014-12-12 Almond landscape tree breeding method Expired - Fee Related CN104396676B (en)

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Cited By (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105123408A (en) * 2015-09-01 2015-12-09 福建省春天园林工程有限公司 Convenient megaphanerophyte transplanting method
CN105165421A (en) * 2015-10-23 2015-12-23 宜宾云辰乔木园林有限责任公司 Top grafting method of golden silk willows
CN106688803A (en) * 2017-02-07 2017-05-24 上海市绿化管理指导站 Platanus planting substrate and Platanus planting system
CN106797822A (en) * 2017-02-07 2017-06-06 上海市绿化管理指导站 Plant matrix and cinnamomum camphora tree plant system for cinnamomum camphora tree
CN106818295A (en) * 2017-02-07 2017-06-13 上海市绿化管理指导站 Shade tree plant matrix, the screening technique of shade tree plant matrix and sidewalk planting system
CN106888815A (en) * 2017-03-01 2017-06-27 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 A kind of engrafting method of polyphyll banaba
CN107926450A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-04-20 北京华源发苗木花卉交易市场有限公司 Low temperature resistant evergreen broad-leaved arbor breeding method
CN108811837A (en) * 2018-08-02 2018-11-16 王秋红 The method of ornamental peaches is grafted in a kind of landscape engineering
CN109197309A (en) * 2018-07-25 2019-01-15 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 A kind of mango engrafting method
CN114631454A (en) * 2022-02-14 2022-06-17 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所(广西亚热带农产品加工研究所) Container seedling cultivation method of almond for landscaping

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105123408A (en) * 2015-09-01 2015-12-09 福建省春天园林工程有限公司 Convenient megaphanerophyte transplanting method
CN105165421A (en) * 2015-10-23 2015-12-23 宜宾云辰乔木园林有限责任公司 Top grafting method of golden silk willows
CN105165421B (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-08-29 宜宾云辰乔木园林有限责任公司 A kind of golden silk willow high position grafting method
CN106688803A (en) * 2017-02-07 2017-05-24 上海市绿化管理指导站 Platanus planting substrate and Platanus planting system
CN106797822A (en) * 2017-02-07 2017-06-06 上海市绿化管理指导站 Plant matrix and cinnamomum camphora tree plant system for cinnamomum camphora tree
CN106818295A (en) * 2017-02-07 2017-06-13 上海市绿化管理指导站 Shade tree plant matrix, the screening technique of shade tree plant matrix and sidewalk planting system
CN106888815A (en) * 2017-03-01 2017-06-27 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 A kind of engrafting method of polyphyll banaba
CN107926450A (en) * 2017-12-11 2018-04-20 北京华源发苗木花卉交易市场有限公司 Low temperature resistant evergreen broad-leaved arbor breeding method
CN109197309A (en) * 2018-07-25 2019-01-15 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 A kind of mango engrafting method
CN108811837A (en) * 2018-08-02 2018-11-16 王秋红 The method of ornamental peaches is grafted in a kind of landscape engineering
CN114631454A (en) * 2022-02-14 2022-06-17 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所(广西亚热带农产品加工研究所) Container seedling cultivation method of almond for landscaping

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