CN109744040A - A kind of container seedling cultivation technology of salt-tolerant grafted hibiscus - Google Patents
A kind of container seedling cultivation technology of salt-tolerant grafted hibiscus Download PDFInfo
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- CN109744040A CN109744040A CN201710783959.0A CN201710783959A CN109744040A CN 109744040 A CN109744040 A CN 109744040A CN 201710783959 A CN201710783959 A CN 201710783959A CN 109744040 A CN109744040 A CN 109744040A
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
以耐盐海滨木槿为砧木嫁接木槿容器育苗技术属于植物人工繁殖技术邻域，具体涉及海滨木槿砧木嫁接容器培养技术。育苗嫁接过程中对种子储藏、基质消毒、幼苗移栽以及削接穗、捆绑等技术环节要求严格，选用适宜的基质配方、统一的播种、合理的嫁接和幼苗移栽以及接后培育管理方案，提高了种子出苗率，提高海滨木槿砧木资源利用率，为耐盐砧木嫁接木槿的推广应用提供了实验基础。The technology of grafting hibiscus container seedlings with salt-tolerant seaside hibiscus as a rootstock belongs to the neighborhood of plant artificial propagation technology, and specifically relates to a seaside hibiscus rootstock grafting container culture technology. In the process of raising seedlings and grafting, there are strict requirements on technical links such as seed storage, substrate disinfection, seedling transplanting, scion cutting and bundling, etc. Appropriate substrate formula, unified sowing, reasonable grafting and seedling transplanting, and post-grafting cultivation management plan are selected to improve the The seed emergence rate was improved, and the utilization rate of seaside hibiscus rootstock resources was improved, which provided an experimental basis for the popularization and application of salt-tolerant rootstock grafted hibiscus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation of container seedling technologies of the salt tolerant grafting rose of Sharon, and in particular to the appearance of the Hibiscus hamabo grafting rose of Sharon
Device seedling Cultivating techniques.
Background technique
Hibiscus hamabo belongs to Malvaceae machaka, and high 2.5-4m, trunk is obvious, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, blade subcircular, flower
Both sexes, are singly born in proximal branch end axil corolla mitriform, diameter 6cm, and obovate petal is golden yellow, and five, outer volume, inside stem is dark violet
Color, at the beginning of beginning flower to 10 from July eventually, it is a kind of woody flower with very high ornamental value that the florescence, which is up to 3 months,.Beach wood
The rose of Sharon is detected in Zhoushan, Ningbo offshore islands, and the beach normal growth that can be submerged in spring tide can transplant embankment by the sea, utilize it
The characteristics of well developed root system and sea water resistance leaching are flooded, achievees the purpose that dyke strengthening bank protection.Hibiscus hamabo is commonly called as " seawall tree ", is saline and alkaline green
Change one of preferred tree species of afforesting, has been listed in Zhejiang Province's rare and endangered tree species and has been laid special stress on protecting.Nearest decades, people couple
The application of Hibiscus hamabo is increasingly paid attention to, and many scholars at home and abroad have carried out some relevant researchs to Hibiscus hamabo, main to collect
In under salt stress Hibiscus hamabo physiological property in terms of, and high-quality container nursery in terms of have not been reported.
Have some researchers to explore the Container nursery technique of Malvaceae trees, but still deposits in practical applications
In certain defect and deficiency.For Hibiscus hamabo seedling propagation technology, method for culturing seedlings is a system engineering, including seed
Processing, matrix selection, is cultivated the time, and specific management method etc. in cultivation, these factors are while influencing the survival rate of nursery stock
Also the speed of growth and quality of nursery stock can further be influenced.
The rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus Linn.) is machaka, and high 3-4m, sprig is close by the starlike villus of yellow.
Leaf diamond shape is oval to triangular shape, long 3-10cm, wide 2-4cm, and the tool depth is different 3 to be split or do not split, and apex is blunt, base portion wedge shape, side
Edge has irregular tooth and lacks, below along the micro- coat of vein or close hairless.Hua Dan is born between an end axil, and calyx is bell, long 14-
20mm, it is close by starlike down, sliver 5, triangle；Flower color has pure white, rose pink, pale purple, purplish red diameter about 12mm, close quilt
The starlike villus of yellow；Seed kidney shape, back is by the long pubescence of yellow-white.The month at florescence 7-10.The rose of Sharon is South Korea and Malay state
Flower, at the same be also flower garden in be a kind of very common shrub seeds of flowering plants, central China each province originate in various regions have cultivation.In gardens
In can do colored hedge formula hedgerow, isolated planting and group planting.Rose of Sharon seed can be used as medicine, and claim " towards emperor ".
The author has grasped the Container nursery technique of the grafting rose of Sharon of the Hibiscus hamabo with Development volue by experiment for many years, is
The breeding and cultivation of the rose of Sharon provide technical support.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides Hibiscus hamabo stock Container nursery techniques and grafting rose of Sharon technology.Container nursery technique mainly wraps
Include: picking seed shears off fruitful branch handle, dries 5-7d, until carpopodium, bract yellow, split, then clapped with bamboo pole automatically
It beats, until seed all sifts out.It is screened again with the funnel for being greater than seed 3/4, it is various miscellaneous that seed is sifted out all carpopodiums, bract etc.
Object, then load onto be placed at shady and cool drying with kraft paper bag and collect, it is sowed to month in next year 3-4, precipitates 15- with the concentrated sulfuric acid
18min puts on handguard leather sheath, cleans seed coating.With the funnel organ for being less than seed 2/3, seed is sifted out and in day optical plastic
(matrix uses peat soil: lake mud: imperial chaff ash: wood sawdust=4: 4: 1: 1), adding appropriate decomposed manure simultaneously for configuration in greenhouse
It stirs evenly.Zineb 11.5g/m2 progress matrix stacking sterilizing is uniformly admixed with 1% potassium permanganate or in matrix kind.
Using the seeding and seedling raising disk of 50 cave specifications, every cave diameter specifications are 5cm × 10cm high, and every cave specification sows 1-2,
Matrix cladding thickness is 0.3-0.5cm, and matrix needs to suppress when covering, and keeps seed and matrix closely sturdy, is after planting used in time
The mode of micro- spray is sprinkled profoundly water with non-textile mulch seedlings nursing plate.Hereafter, every 5d spray is primary, irrigates.After 15-20d, beach
The seedling cotyledon of the rose of Sharon starts to be unearthed, and withdraws non-woven fabrics in time.Early April seed germination is basically completed, according to seedling culture hole plate kind
Son budding situation carries out sprigging and after-culture, determines one, cave seedling, carries out the spray of a short time every afternoon, it is ensured that
Humidity in greenhouse.Temperature was stepped up and guaranteed well-ventilated on daytime mid-April, and May, Hibiscus hamabo grew 2 complete leaves substantially
When, select light transmission to carry out necessary shading for 75% sunshade net, greenhouse will keep good ventilation state, strong in illumination
Weather, it is each up and down to increase primary spray, top dressing is carried out to mid-July by the end of May, imposes 0.2% urea liquid on blade face, 8
Month the first tenday period of a month seedling grows 3-4 piece spire substantially, mid-September leaf mode is changed to every 5d and sprinkled profoundly water 1-2 times, withdraws sunshade
Net receives full exposure hardening, enters winter mercury dropped, shuts daylight vinyl house door and window at any time, prevents broken leak repairing, it is ensured that Plug seedling peace
It is complete overwintering, while reinforcing the control of substrate temperature in hole tray.In early March, the 2nd is grown to seedling, is transplanted, changes nutritive cube.
It is transplanted to the nutritive cube of diameter 13cm × 16cm high standard.The same sowing media of transplanting medium increases organic fertilizer, is added a small amount of compound
Fertilizer is mixed to be applied, and the growth and stretching, extension of the root system of Hibiscus hamabo are conducive to.The seedling of triennial Hibiscus hamabo enters Fast-growing stage, and the 3rd year 3
The first tenday period of a month moon migrate to the biennial container seedling of cultivation in 22-44cm control root container, carry out land cultivation, and cultivation matrix is sea
Soil: peat soil: rice husk=4: 3: 3 volume configuration adds salt to make matrix saliferous up to 0.05-0.06%, and appropriateness increases organic fertilizer,
Apply 0.8% 3 element fertilizer when transplanting.4 sprout to leaf bud in May, remove the lateral bud that base portion is sprouted in time.The 5-6 month per half a month matrix
The salting liquid for imposing a 0.05-0.06%, is watered using drip irrigation, and the 7-8 month, which imposes matrix, is kept to 0.02-
0.04% salting liquid, early September stop matrix and apply salting liquid, the rape cake solution of the decomposed fermentation of Shi Yici 2%.4th year spring
In season, the container seedling of cultivation, late March starts to use cut-grafting method, using Hibiscus hamabo as the stock grafting rose of Sharon.
1. cutting scion: by the oblique partial application of back side 1cm of bud under scion, ream 1/3 xylem, inclined-plane is about 2cm, then
Some xylems, the small long 0.8-1cm of bevel are slightly pruned in the back side inclined-plane Xiao Ge on inclined-plane.
2. cutting stock: wiping out stock at 3-5cm from the ground, select stock skin depth smooth, stock is cut in the suitable place of texture
Face is slightly cut a little, then slightly xylem vertically cuts 2cm or so in cortex.
3. grafting fringe: by the notch of scion insertion stock, cutting the forming layer on the both sides on the long inclined-plane of scion and stock
The forming layer alignment on mouth both sides is close to, if scion is thin, it is necessary to assure the forming layer on one side is aligned.
4. binding: with plastic tape, interface is tightened from top to bottom, and when bondage is careful not to touch scion, in order to avoid stock and scion
Forming layer is staggered, and heals bad, gently then leads to undergrowth, heavy then will lead to death.
Management after grafting
It is sprouted 1. stock removes: after stock is grafted by cutting strunk, having broken the balance of natural growth, a certain number of sprout can be inspired out
After bud, moisture, nutrient and illumination are fought for scion, seriously affects the normal growth for connecing strain.Therefore when scion is survived simultaneously with confirming
When starting sprout growth, because of the coppice shoot repeatedly erased on stock in time, with the normal growth of sharp scion.
2. lighten restrictions in due course: grafting survival connects strain, anvil, fringe engaging portion continuous overstriking, binding with healing and growth
Object, which can generate engaging portion to twist, hang phenomenon, hinder the transport for connecing moisture and nutrient between the underground and aboveground of strain, gently then shadow
It rings and connects strain growth, it is heavy then to lead to connect strain dead.Therefore when connect strain grow to 20-30cm high or see strand hang phenomenon when, should be loose in time
It ties up, thoroughly releases lashings again after strain healing securely waiting.
3. fertilizer and water management: the rose of Sharon likes the good plot of irrigation condition, therefore is unable to ponding with nutritive cube, in the feelings that moisture is suitable for
Grow very fast under condition, weather arid is reinforced irrigating, while applying a small amount of organic fertilizer, improves the fertility in nutritive cube, the 7-8 every month month
Matrix imposes one time 0.2% urea liquid, and early September stops matrix and applies salting liquid and foliar fertilizer, and container seedling is rotated 180 °,
The back side is allowed to receive the irradiation of more sunlight, grafting current growth length is up to 80-90cm, until the grafting that next spring cultivates
Container seedling can carry out afforestation in salt-soda soil.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
One, maternal plant selects, collecting fruit
Select growth potential strong, tree-like to rectify, no disease and pests harm, the age of tree 10 years or more fine individual plants are seed collecting elite stand.Beach
The rose of Sharon florescence is the 7-10 month, and November, fruit was mature successively, and mid-November to mid-December is the best period of beach seed collection.
It dries 5-7 days after fruit harvesting, until carpopodium yellowish, splits automatically, is patted with bamboo pole until seed all pops up, then uses
Funnel greater than seed 3/4 sifts out seed, removes the various sundries such as carpopodium, bract, removes empty grain and not full not plump with tap water drift
Grain, then be contained in dry place with the funnel sieve for being less than seed 2/3 and dry in the shade, then hold bag collection with ox-hide bag.
Two, trophosome is changed in seeding and seedling raising, transplanting
Three, early April in next year, the interior sowing for carrying out Hibiscus hamabo of Yu Guang vinyl house.Sowing media shifts to an earlier date 2d big
It prepares in canopy, sowing media recipe ratio is peat soil: lake mud: rice chaff ash: wood sawdust=4: 4: 1: 1, adding appropriate decomposed has
Machine fertilizer simultaneously stirs evenly.Matrix stacking sterilizing is carried out for vast zinc 11.5g/m2 uniformly to admix in 1% potassium permanganate or matrix.
Four, using the seeding and seedling raising disk of 50 cave specifications, every cave diameter specifications are 5cm × 10cm high, and every cave specification sows 1-2
, matrix cladding thickness is 0.3-0.5cm, and matrix needs to suppress when covering, and keeps seed and matrix closely sturdy, in time after planting
It is sprinkled profoundly water with the mode of micro- spray with non-textile mulch seedlings nursing plate.Hereafter, every 5d spray is primary, irrigates.After 15-20d, sea
The seedling cotyledon of the shore rose of Sharon starts to be unearthed, and withdraws non-woven fabrics in time.Depending on climatic condition.
Five, early April seed germination is basically completed, and carries out sprigging and benefit according to seedling culture hole plate seed germination situation
It plants, determines one, cave seedling, carry out the spray of a short time every afternoon, it is ensured that humidity in greenhouse.Mid-April temperature gradually
Increase guarantee well-ventilated on daytime, when May Hibiscus hamabo grows 2 complete leaves substantially, select light transmission for 75% sunshade net
Necessary shading is carried out, greenhouse will keep good ventilation state, and in the weather that illumination is strong, each increase once is sprayed up and down, and 5
The end of month to mid-July carries out top dressing, and 0.2% urea liquid is imposed on blade face, and early August seedling grows 3-4 piece children substantially
Leaf mode is changed to every 5d and sprinkled profoundly water 1-2 times, withdraw sunshade net, receive full exposure hardening, enter winter gas mid-September by leaf
Temperature decline, shuts daylight vinyl house door and window at any time, prevents broken leak repairing, it is ensured that Plug seedling safe overwintering, while reinforcing base in hole tray
The control of matter temperature.In early March, the 2nd is grown to seedling, is transplanted, changes nutritive cube.It is transplanted to diameter 13cm × 15cm rule
The nutritive cube of lattice.The same sowing media of transplanting medium increases organic fertilizer, is added that a small amount of compound fertilizer is mixed to apply, and is conducive to Hibiscus hamabo
The growth and stretching, extension of root system.The seedling of triennial Hibiscus hamabo enters Fast-growing stage, in early March, the 3rd, by the biennial appearance of cultivation
Device seedling migrates in 22-44cm control root container, carries out land cultivation, and cultivation matrix is ooze soil: loess: rice husk=4: 3: 3
Volume configuration, adds salt to make matrix saliferous up to 0.05-0.06%, and appropriateness increases organic fertilizer, and when transplanting applies 0.8% 3 element fertilizer.4
It is sprouted to leaf bud in May, removes the lateral bud that base portion is sprouted in time.The 5-6 month, per half a month matrix salt for imposing a 0.05-0.06% was molten
Liquid is watered using drip irrigation, and matrix is imposed to the 7-8 month salting liquid for being kept to 0.02-0.04%, and early September stops base
Matter applies salting liquid, the rape cake solution of the decomposed fermentation of Shi Yici 2%.4th year spring, the container seedling of cultivation, late March start to use
Cut-grafting method, using Hibiscus hamabo as the stock grafting rose of Sharon.
Embodiment 2:
1. cutting scion: by the oblique partial application of back side 1cm of bud under scion, 1/3 xylem, the long 2cm of vamp or so are reamed, then
On the back side inclined-plane Xiao Ge on inclined-plane, some xylems, the small long 0.8-1cm of bevel are slightly pruned.
2. cutting stock: wiping out stock at 3-5cm from the ground, select stock skin depth smooth, stock is cut in the suitable place of texture
Face is slightly cut a little, then slightly xylem vertically cuts 2cm or so in cortex.
3. grafting fringe: by the notch of scion insertion stock, cutting the forming layer on the both sides on the long inclined-plane of scion and stock
The forming layer alignment on mouth both sides is close to, if scion is thin, it is necessary to assure the forming layer on one side is aligned.
4. binding: with plastic tape, interface is tightened from top to bottom, and when bondage is careful not to touch scion, in order to avoid stock and scion
Forming layer is staggered, and heals bad, gently then leads to undergrowth, heavy then will lead to death.
5. the management after grafting
It is sprouted 6. stock removes: after stock is grafted by cutting strunk, having broken the balance of natural growth, a certain number of sprout can be inspired out
After bud, moisture, nutrient and illumination are fought for scion, seriously affects the normal growth for connecing strain.Therefore when scion is survived simultaneously with confirming
When starting sprout growth, because of the coppice shoot repeatedly erased on stock in time, with the normal growth of sharp scion.
7. lighten restrictions in due course: grafting survival connects strain, anvil, fringe engaging portion continuous overstriking, binding with healing and growth
Object, which can generate engaging portion to twist, hang phenomenon, hinder the transport for connecing moisture and nutrient between the underground and aboveground of strain, gently then shadow
It rings and connects strain growth, it is heavy then to lead to connect strain dead.Therefore when connect strain grow to 20-30cm high or see strand hang phenomenon when, should be loose in time
It ties up, thoroughly releases lashings again after strain healing securely waiting.
8. fertilizer and water management: the rose of Sharon likes the good plot of irrigation condition, therefore is unable to ponding with nutritive cube, in the feelings that moisture is suitable for
Grow very fast under condition, weather arid is reinforced irrigating, while applying a small amount of organic fertilizer, improves the fertility in nutritive cube, the 7-8 every month month
Matrix imposes one time 0.2% urea liquid, and early September stops matrix and applies salting liquid and foliar fertilizer, and container seedling is rotated 180 °,
The back side is allowed to receive the irradiation of more sunlight, grafting current growth length is up to 80-90cm, until the grafting that next spring cultivates
Container seedling can carry out afforestation in salt-soda soil.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of cultivation of container seedling technology of the salt tolerant grafting rose of Sharon, feature include seed soaking, pipe is cultivated after substrate preparation and grafting
Reason.
2. the cultivation of container seedling technology of the salt tolerant grafting rose of Sharon according to claim 1, seed-soaking method feature are as follows: before sowing
With concentrated sulfuric acid seed soaking 15-18min, kind of skin, coating are cleaned, is dried.
3. the cultivation of container seedling technology of the salt tolerant grafting rose of Sharon according to claim 1, sowing media volume ratio is prepared special
Sign are as follows: peat soil: lake mud: rice chaff ash: wood sawdust=4: 4: 1: 1；Cultivation medium formula volume ratio ooze soil: peat soil: rice husk
=4: 3: 3.
4. the cultivation of container seedling technology of the salt tolerant grafting rose of Sharon according to claim 1, cultivating and managing feature after grafting are as follows:
In late March, the 4th cultivates the salt tolerant stock grafting rose of Sharon, and the 7-8 matrix every month month imposes one time 0.2% urea liquid, September
The first tenday period of a month stop matrix and apply salting liquid and foliar fertilizer, while container seedling is rotated 180 °, and the back side is allowed to receive more sunlight irradiations.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN110122142A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of cultivation of container seedling technology of the salt tolerant grafting rose of Sharon |
| CN113207457A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-06 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Salt-tolerant hibiscus syriacus cultivation method |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110122142A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of cultivation of container seedling technology of the salt tolerant grafting rose of Sharon |
| CN113207457A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-06 | 连云港市农业科学院 | Salt-tolerant hibiscus syriacus cultivation method |
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