CN104737828A - Chinese chestnut branch embedding grafting method - Google Patents
Chinese chestnut branch embedding grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104737828A CN104737828A CN201510135232.2A CN201510135232A CN104737828A CN 104737828 A CN104737828 A CN 104737828A CN 201510135232 A CN201510135232 A CN 201510135232A CN 104737828 A CN104737828 A CN 104737828A
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- grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
Provided is a Chinese chestnut branch embedding grafting method. When stock or young trees reach the grafting standard, grafting is performed, and the grafting method includes the steps of scion grafting, two-incision grafting, management performed on the current grafting year and pruning of live tree columns. Because the cortical layers of seedlings of nursery land and the cortical layers of the young trees which are planted newly are thin, the branch embedding grafting method can effectively protect the critical layers of branches and trunks, and the method is simple, practical and high in survival rate. Through the method, coppice shoots, generated after grafting, of the branches and the trunks can be removed in time or bud picking is performed as soon as possible, loss of tree liquid nutrient is reduced, and grafted buds can grow healthily and strongly. The method is particularly suitable for cultivating grafting seedlings in the nursery land and being used in a Chinese chestnut orchard where the young trees are newly planted, and the method can also be used for grafting of the branches and the trunks, with thin critical layers, of adult Chinese chestnut trees and grafting seedling cultivation of other fruit trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the grafting method of fruit tree, particularly relate to the embedding branch grafting method of Chinese chestnut.
Background technology
The grafting of chestnut tree and some specificity of other fruit-tree graftings: (1) the limb of Chinese chestnut is in the season of growth, containing tanning matter in resin composition, this material runs into the oxygen in air, chemical reaction will be there is, form an oxidation membrane layer, in pitchy phenomenon, directly affect grafting survival, even can not survive.(2) adult large tree, bark from old tress thickness, easily forms crowfoot cracks, decortication phenomenon; Treelet limb cortex is very thin, easily causes damage, forms dark brown spot.(3) the Chinese chestnut branch base portion resting bud life-span is long and many, runs into mechanical irritation, very easily sprouts a large amount of excessive growth branch.(4) the scion of Chinese chestnut grafting use, preserves bad, easy dehydration, and graft survival rate reduces.
For the problems referred to above, the grafting method of employing is: tack cortex grafting and slotting leather belly connect.The interface healing of these two kinds of grafting methods is slow, and survival rate is low.
Chinese patent CN100409738 discloses one " grafting method of chestnut tree ", the method adapts to " happy; to draw branch; to carve bud early rich technology ", have the loss avoiding bleeding phase grafting tree, avoid strong wind to hinder the advantages such as the generation of branch, its weak point is: be suitable for setting greatly grafting, survival rate is lower, grafting step more complicated.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of suitable nursery lot to cultivate the embedding branch grafting method of Chinese chestnut of grafting and the use of planting treelet Chestnut Orchard cultivation grafting.
realize above-mentioned purpose by the following technical solutions:
A grafting method for the embedding branch of Chinese chestnut, when stock or treelet reach the standard of grafting, carry out grafting, its grafting method comprises the steps:
A, scion
(1) the collection of scion: select end pin top to have 3 ~ 5 mixing buds, rugosity to do scion at the bearing basal shoot of more than 0.6cm;
The scion period gathered: bud, at the beginning of 4 months, not to be sprouted or the branch that is about to sprout does scion by the time, by scion with wet cloth bag sternly and load in bag film, through of short duration storage, temperature controls 0 ° about-5 DEG C, humid control more than 80%, grafting after 10-15 days;
(2) select grafting seed: select highly to be 1.5-2 meters, seedling does base diameter, and to be that the new talent seedling of the nursery lot of 1-2cm is dry carry out grafting;
(3) grafting time: in Chinese chestnut branch rudiment in spring 20 days, temperature is
13-20when spending, it is grafting time;
B, two cutter graftings:
(1) stock otch: select seedling dry apart from 15-20cm place, ground, one holds seedling and does, the hand-held grafting knife of another, and inside vertical oblique seedling butt portion, cut the first cutter, the degree of depth is 1/3 to 1/2 of the dry diameter of seedling, incision length 2-3cm; Scion lower end cut method, the second cutter choosing, near seedling dry inner side one side, is whittled into long face;
(2) embedding branch: during docking, a little firmly outwards hold the dry hand of seedling, in the shape that splits, incision is inserted in the hand-held scion of another, notice that the formation layer that the formation layer of scion and seedling are done aligns, unclamp and hold the dry hand of seedling, trunk clamps scion, is then wound around from bottom to top with film tape, knife-edge part is oppositely wound around twice back and forth, the edge of a knife until obturage, finally cuts and stays the dry 30 ~ 50cm length of seedling to labor pillar, erases leaving the young shoot that pillar seedling alive does simultaneously;
C, grafting management then:
(1), except after sprout tillers scion survives, to the sprout tillers that the pillar alives below grafting mouth and above interface grows, every bud picking in 10 ~ 15 days once, do not erase completely, work pillar will retain 1 ~ 3 young sprout;
(2) solution is tied up grafting and is untied the film tape being wrapped in wound after one month, when young sprout grows to 20 ~ 30cm, and bondage pillar, the film tape got off by solution is tied up young sprout living on pillar, in case windbreak;
(3) pinching wants timely pinching to go slightly when scion young sprout grows to 50cm, the pinching again when second branch grows to 30cm, growth-promoting bearing basal shoot;
(4) intertill and clean tillage loosened the soil to nursery lot and Chestnut Orchard in summer, autumn, in spring, weeding in summer.
D, wipe out pillar alive:
Seedling is done or the sapling of field planting in garden, depending on transferring the healing state of interface, if wound healing is good, wipes out pillar alive, otherwise, leave Second Year and wipe out pillar alive again.
As preferably, described grafting knife is special grafting knife.
As preferably, doing the length in the long face that inner side one side is whittled into and seedling near seedling, to do knife edge length consistent, and its long face is inclined-plane is tiltedly pointed, the direct stock mouth of scion.
Adopt technique scheme; due to the nursery stock of nursery lot and the cortex of this kind of tree of planting treelet thin; adopt the method grafting of embedding branch; can effectively protect limb cortex; its method is simple and direct, practical, survival rate is high; the coppice shoot that after this method removes grafting in time, limb occurs or bud picking early, decrease the loss of resin nutrient, grafting bud grown vigorously.This kind of method is particularly suitable for nursery lot and cultivates grafting and the use of planting treelet Chestnut Orchard, also can be used in the graft seedling growth process of the upper grafting of the thinner limb of adult Chinese chestnut large tree epithelial layer and other fruit trees.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The invention discloses the embedding branch grafting method of a kind of Chinese chestnut, the method is carried out according to following step:
1, the collection of scion:chinese chestnut scion is generally divided into two classes, and one is select healthy and strong bearing basal shoot to do scion, and after this kind of branch grafting survival, general Second Year can realize result; Two is the healthy and strong vegetative shoot row culture scion of choosing, evening result time 1-2, namely 3-4 annual bearing.
Selection kind is pure and excellent, robust growth, high and stable yield, excellent maternal plant without damage by disease and insect, mechanical wound, general select that end pin top has 3 ~ 5 to mix bud, rugosity do scion at the bearing basal shoot of more than 0.6cm.Gather the elite stand of scion, branch amount is not in a lot of situation, can gather the scion of vegetative shoot row culture yet.
In the scion period gathered, find from practical operation, " easy evening not easily early ", time is left and right at the beginning of 4 months greatly, as long as the bud on branch is not sprouted or it is just passable to be about to sprouting, in limb, resin has started flowing, and scion has received the nutrition from parent in this period, the scion sprout now gathered is very full, through of short duration storage, temperature controls at about 0-5 DEG C, and humid control is about 80% (wet cloth bag sternly and load in bag film), grafting after two weeks, easily survives.Do the storage time that can shorten branch like this, prevent because storage time is long, dehydration, worry moldy metamorphism, two be the branch nutrient that gathers sufficient, be conducive to improving graft survival rate.
2, grafting principle:between the cortex and xylem of chestnut tree, there is the cellular tissure that one deck is active, namely Cambium tissue.It inwardly can grow up to xylem, outwards can form cortex, and can see the tissue that the fresh film of thin layer is the same when pushing bark aside, texture is fresh and tender, is full of nutrient liquid.Grafting can survive, be exactly the formation layer of scion and the formation layer being done (stock) by grafting, abundant docking, the formation layer active cell tissue of the two, by the impact of preference temperature, cell sap merges mutually, until form common formation layer, continue to grow as a community, scion becomes the new branch on limb, starts germinating growth.
3, grafting procedures:
When stock or treelet reach the standard of grafting: if the dry height of the new talent seedling of nursery lot reaches 1.5-2 meters, when seedling does base diameter 1-2cm, just can grafting; 2 years raw seedlings of Newly built orchard field planting, when rich water quality management is good, young sprout reaches more than 1 meter then, and when dry thick diameter reaches 1.5 ~ more than 2cm, the 2nd year spring got final product grafting, during lower than this standard, spring grafting in the 3rd year.
(1) grafting time: when Chinese chestnut branch rudiment in spring, or peach pear flower blooms the time, can in about 20 days times.
(2) two cutter graftings: (or being called two skill in using a kitchen knife in cookery), special grafting knife selected by grafting knife.
Seedling butt portion stock cut method: seedling is dry to be located apart from ground about 15-20cm, one holds seedling and does, a hand-held grafting knife, inside vertical oblique seedling butt portion or base portion seedling crook, cut the first cutter, the degree of depth is that 1/3 to the 1/2(of the dry diameter of seedling notes: use fruittree shear to cut off stock mouth, because scissors destroys the cortex of clip sometimes, be unfavorable for that scion is docked, and affect survival rate), grafting knife incision length 2-3cm;
Scion lower end cut method, near seedling dry inner side, one side will be whittled into long face, is the second cutter, and being whittled into the length in long face, basic to do knife edge length with seedling consistent, and inclined-plane is tiltedly pointed.
(3) embedding branch: during docking, a little firmly outwards hold the dry hand of seedling, in the shape that splits, incision is inserted in the hand-held scion of another, notices that the formation layer that the formation layer of scion and seedling are done aligns, unclamps and hold the dry hand of seedling, trunk clamps scion, then be wound around from bottom to top with film tape, knife-edge part is oppositely wound around twice back and forth, until the edge of a knife of obturaging.Finally cutting and stay the dry 30 ~ 50cm length of seedling to labor pillar, will erase staying the young shoot that pillar seedling alive does simultaneously.
4, grafting management then:
1. except no matter sprout tillers is grafting, or the treelet of grafting, after scion survives, the pillar alives below grafting mouth and above interface, all can grow a lot of sprout tillers, consumes tree and to recuperate point, affect young sprout and grow, so should every bud picking in 10-15 days once; But should note not smeared, particularly live on pillar, 1-3 young sprout be retained, object, one is to keep pillar alive, if scion does not survive, next year can continue to use, two is the growth balances maintaining overground part and root system, avoids occurring over growth, occurs excessive growth phenomenon.So once, the chestnut tree after grafting need not apply fertilizer, water lay special stress on.
2. solution is tied up grafting after one month left and right, and just can untie the film tape being wrapped in wound, when young sprout grows to 20 ~ 30cm, and bondage pillar, the film tape got off by solution is tied up young sprout on work pillar, in case windbreak.
3. pinching wants timely pinching to go slightly when scion young sprout grows to 50cm, the pinching again when second branch grows to 30cm, growth-promoting bearing basal shoot.
4. all need to loosen the soil in intertill and clean tillage nursery lot and Chestnut Orchard, period, manually, poultry was ploughed, tractor-ploughing can generally in summer, autumn.If autumn, due to reasons such as farm work are busy, does not carry out in time, must carry out spring in Second Year.Weeding is generally respectively carry out once in spring, summer.
5, pillar alive is wiped out:
Seedling is done or the sapling of field planting in garden, depending on transferring the healing state of interface, if wound healing is good, can wipe out pillar alive, otherwise, leave Second Year and wipe out pillar alive again.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a grafting method for the embedding branch of Chinese chestnut, when stock or treelet reach the standard of grafting, carry out grafting, its grafting method comprises the steps:
A, scion
(1) the collection of scion: select end pin top to have 3 ~ 5 mixing buds, rugosity to do scion at the bearing basal shoot of more than 0.6cm;
The scion period gathered: bud, at the beginning of 4 months, not to be sprouted or the branch that is about to sprout does scion by the time, by scion with wet cloth bag sternly and load in bag film, through of short duration storage, temperature controls 0 ° about-5 DEG C, humid control more than 80%, grafting after 10-15 days;
(2) select grafting seed: select highly to be 1.5-2 meters, seedling does base diameter, and to be that the new talent seedling of the nursery lot of 1-2cm is dry carry out grafting;
(3) grafting time: in Chinese chestnut branch rudiment in spring 20 days, temperature is
13-20when spending, it is grafting time;
B, two cutter graftings:
(1) stock otch: select seedling dry apart from 15-20cm place, ground, one holds seedling and does, the hand-held grafting knife of another, and inside vertical oblique seedling butt portion, cut the first cutter, the degree of depth is 1/3 to 1/2 of the dry diameter of seedling, incision length 2-3cm; Scion lower end cut method, the second cutter choosing, near seedling dry inner side one side, is whittled into long face;
(2) embedding branch: during docking, a little firmly outwards hold the dry hand of seedling, in the shape that splits, incision is inserted in the hand-held scion of another, notice that the formation layer that the formation layer of scion and seedling are done aligns, unclamp and hold the dry hand of seedling, trunk clamps scion, is then wound around from bottom to top with film tape, knife-edge part is oppositely wound around twice back and forth, the edge of a knife until obturage, finally cuts and stays the dry 30 ~ 50cm length of seedling to labor pillar, erases leaving the young shoot that pillar seedling alive does simultaneously;
C, grafting management then:
(1), except after sprout tillers scion survives, to the sprout tillers that the pillar alives below grafting mouth and above interface grows, every bud picking in 10 ~ 15 days once, do not erase completely, work pillar will retain 1 ~ 3 young sprout;
(2) solution is tied up grafting and is untied the film tape being wrapped in wound after one month, when young sprout grows to 20 ~ 30cm, and bondage pillar, the film tape got off by solution is tied up young sprout living on pillar, in case windbreak;
(3) pinching wants timely pinching to go slightly when scion young sprout grows to 50cm, the pinching again when second branch grows to 30cm, growth-promoting bearing basal shoot;
(4) intertill and clean tillage loosened the soil to nursery lot and Chestnut Orchard in summer, autumn, in spring, weeding in summer;
d, wipe out pillar alive:
Seedling is done or the sapling of field planting in garden, depending on transferring the healing state of interface, if wound healing is good, wipes out pillar alive, otherwise, leave Second Year and wipe out pillar alive again.
2. the grafting method of the embedding branch of Chinese chestnut according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described grafting knife is special grafting knife.
3. the grafting method of the embedding branch of Chinese chestnut according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is consistent that the length in the long face that close seedling is simultaneously whittled into inside doing and seedling do knife edge length, and its long face is inclined-plane is tiltedly pointed, the direct stock mouth of scion.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284433A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-02-03 | 贵州省仁怀市金水湾果业有限公司 | Branch-embedding grafting method for fragrant pear trees |
| CN105557318A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for apple tree |
| CN106358774A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-01 | 曹淑云 | Chinese chestnut big-tree top-grafting method |
| CN106857001A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-20 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of embedding branch grafting for the bald dry benefit branch of fruit tree |
| CN107820886A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-23 | 阿坝州三奥农林有限责任公司 | A kind of Chinese prickly ash square bud connects modification method |
| CN108353720A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-03 | 迁西县五为生物科技有限公司 | The dry restorative procedure of long major branch on Chinese chestnut tree |
| CN111492818A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-08-07 | 河北科技师范学院 | Chestnut tree groove-remaining grafting method |
| CN112655394A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 武红霞 | Chinese chestnut grafting method |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105284433A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-02-03 | 贵州省仁怀市金水湾果业有限公司 | Branch-embedding grafting method for fragrant pear trees |
| CN105557318A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for apple tree |
| CN106358774A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-01 | 曹淑云 | Chinese chestnut big-tree top-grafting method |
| CN106857001A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-20 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of embedding branch grafting for the bald dry benefit branch of fruit tree |
| CN106857001B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-05-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | Branch embedding grafting method for bald trunk branch supplement of fruit tree |
| CN107820886A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-03-23 | 阿坝州三奥农林有限责任公司 | A kind of Chinese prickly ash square bud connects modification method |
| CN108353720A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-03 | 迁西县五为生物科技有限公司 | The dry restorative procedure of long major branch on Chinese chestnut tree |
| CN111492818A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-08-07 | 河北科技师范学院 | Chestnut tree groove-remaining grafting method |
| CN111492818B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-11-16 | 河北科技师范学院 | Chestnut tree groove-remaining grafting method |
| CN112655394A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 武红霞 | Chinese chestnut grafting method |
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